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2. SCSHM benchmark study on bridge in-service structural monitoring

Author

Limongelli, Maria Pina, Thomson, Doug, Alampalli, Sreenivas, Mufti, Aftab, Schumacher, Thomas, Martinelli, Luca, Lasri, Othmane, Shenton, Harry, Chen, Genda, Noori, Mohammad, Raeisi, Farnaz, Silik, Ahmed, Dang, Ji, Hoemsen, Ray, Li, Hui, Lu, Naiwei, Ni, Yi-Qing, Smith, Ian, and Wu, Zhishen

Published
2024
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4. Flortaucipir tau PET findings from former professional and college American football players in the DIAGNOSE CTE research project.

Author

Su, Yi, Protas, Hillary, Luo, Ji, Chen, Kewei, Alosco, Michael, Adler, Charles, Balcer, Laura, Bernick, Charles, Au, Rhoda, Banks, Sarah, Barr, William, Coleman, Michael, Dodick, David, Katz, Douglas, Marek, Kenneth, McClean, Michael, McKee, Ann, Mez, Jesse, Daneshvar, Daniel, Palmisano, Joseph, Peskind, Elaine, Turner, Robert, Wethe, Jennifer, Johnson, Keith, Tripodis, Yorghos, Cummings, Jeffrey, Shenton, Martha, Stern, Robert, Reiman, Eric, and Rabinovici, Gil

Subjects
CTE, PET, Tau, flortaucipir, football, Male, Humans, Middle Aged, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, Football, tau Proteins, Positron-Emission Tomography, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Carbolines
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Tau is a key pathology in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Here, we report our findings in tau positron emission tomography (PET) measurements from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project. METHOD: We compare flortaucipir PET measures from 104 former professional players (PRO), 58 former college football players (COL), and 56 same-age men without exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) or traumatic brain injury (unexposed [UE]); characterize their associations with RHI exposure; and compare players who did or did not meet diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES). RESULTS: Significantly elevated flortaucipir uptake was observed in former football players (PRO+COL) in prespecified regions (p

Published
2024

5. Information Literacy: Did Alvin Toffler Beat Paul Zurkowski to It?

Author

Andrew Shenton

Abstract

Paul Zurkowski is often considered the "father" of the term, "information literacy" (IL). There were, however, other authors who, at a similar time, were writing about concepts we now consider fundamental to the nature of IL. A work of particular significance is Alvin Toffler's "Future Shock." In this classic text -- better known beyond information science than within it -- Toffler addresses major themes such as the importance of evaluating information, the need to construct sense from the material we access and the dangers of "information overload". He is concerned, too, with the more general requirement that, increasingly, people must "learn how to learn". Personal experience has shown this author that it is possible to create a tool for information users from the closely related ideas of Zurkowski and Toffler, and that each writer recognises independently that the skills associated with the traditional literacies are insufficient if an individual is to function effectively in modern society. Whilst Zurkowski is cited with greater frequency in discussions on IL, it may be Toffler who has done more to highlight to a wider readership the value of information skills in an ever-changing world. Perhaps Zurkowski's biggest achievement lies in providing a memorable two-word summarising label to his field of interest; it is one that has endured and remains pertinent today, some fifty years on.

Published
2023

7. Neuroimaging-based classification of PTSD using data-driven computational approaches: A multisite big data study from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD consortium.

Author

Zhu, Xi, Kim, Yoojean, Ravid, Orren, He, Xiaofu, Suarez-Jimenez, Benjamin, Zilcha-Mano, Sigal, Lazarov, Amit, Lee, Seonjoo, Abdallah, Chadi, Angstadt, Michael, Averill, Christopher, Baird, C, Baugh, Lee, Blackford, Jennifer, Bomyea, Jessica, Bruce, Steven, Bryant, Richard, Cao, Zhihong, Choi, Kyle, Cisler, Josh, Cotton, Andrew, Daniels, Judith, Davenport, Nicholas, Davidson, Richard, DeBellis, Michael, Dennis, Emily, Densmore, Maria, deRoon-Cassini, Terri, Disner, Seth, Hage, Wissam, Etkin, Amit, Fani, Negar, Fercho, Kelene, Fitzgerald, Jacklynn, Forster, Gina, Frijling, Jessie, Geuze, Elbert, Gonenc, Atilla, Gordon, Evan, Gruber, Staci, Grupe, Daniel, Guenette, Jeffrey, Haswell, Courtney, Herringa, Ryan, Herzog, Julia, Hofmann, David, Hosseini, Bobak, Hudson, Anna, Huggins, Ashley, Ipser, Jonathan, Jahanshad, Neda, Jia-Richards, Meilin, Jovanovic, Tanja, Kaufman, Milissa, Kennis, Mitzy, King, Anthony, Kinzel, Philipp, Koch, Saskia, Koerte, Inga, Koopowitz, Sheri, Korgaonkar, Mayuresh, Krystal, John, Lanius, Ruth, Larson, Christine, Lebois, Lauren, Li, Gen, Liberzon, Israel, Lu, Guang, Luo, Yifeng, Magnotta, Vincent, Manthey, Antje, Maron-Katz, Adi, May, Geoffery, McLaughlin, Katie, Mueller, Sven, Nawijn, Laura, Nelson, Steven, Neufeld, Richard, Nitschke, Jack, OLeary, Erin, Olatunji, Bunmi, Olff, Miranda, Peverill, Matthew, Phan, K, Qi, Rongfeng, Quidé, Yann, Rektor, Ivan, Ressler, Kerry, Riha, Pavel, Ross, Marisa, Rosso, Isabelle, Salminen, Lauren, Sambrook, Kelly, Schmahl, Christian, Shenton, Martha, Sheridan, Margaret, Shih, Chiahao, Sicorello, Maurizio, Sierk, Anika, and van Rooij, Sanne

Subjects
Classification, Deep learning, Machine learning, Multimodal MRI, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Humans, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Reproducibility of Results, Big Data, Neuroimaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in data-driven computational approaches have been helpful in devising tools to objectively diagnose psychiatric disorders. However, current machine learning studies limited to small homogeneous samples, different methodologies, and different imaging collection protocols, limit the ability to directly compare and generalize their results. Here we aimed to classify individuals with PTSD versus controls and assess the generalizability using a large heterogeneous brain datasets from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD Working group. METHODS: We analyzed brain MRI data from 3,477 structural-MRI; 2,495 resting state-fMRI; and 1,952 diffusion-MRI. First, we identified the brain features that best distinguish individuals with PTSD from controls using traditional machine learning methods. Second, we assessed the utility of the denoising variational autoencoder (DVAE) and evaluated its classification performance. Third, we assessed the generalizability and reproducibility of both models using leave-one-site-out cross-validation procedure for each modality. RESULTS: We found lower performance in classifying PTSD vs. controls with data from over 20 sites (60 % test AUC for s-MRI, 59 % for rs-fMRI and 56 % for d-MRI), as compared to other studies run on single-site data. The performance increased when classifying PTSD from HC without trauma history in each modality (75 % AUC). The classification performance remained intact when applying the DVAE framework, which reduced the number of features. Finally, we found that the DVAE framework achieved better generalization to unseen datasets compared with the traditional machine learning frameworks, albeit performance was slightly above chance. CONCLUSION: These results have the potential to provide a baseline classification performance for PTSD when using large scale neuroimaging datasets. Our findings show that the control group used can heavily affect classification performance. The DVAE framework provided better generalizability for the multi-site data. This may be more significant in clinical practice since the neuroimaging-based diagnostic DVAE classification models are much less site-specific, rendering them more generalizable.

Published
2023

8. Patient and public involvement and engagement: Do we need an ‘ethical anchor’?

Author

Sophie Suri, Samantha L. Harrison, Alex Bevin-Nicholls, Felicity Shenton, Sandra Atkinson, Jenny Earle, Gaynor Williams, and Joanne Lally

Subjects
Patient and public involvement, Ethics, Ethical anchor, Standards, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Working alongside patients and the public to shape and engage with research, Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE), facilitates more impactful research outcomes. The UK Standards for Public Involvement provides a framework for conducting PPIE; however, they do not refer directly to ethical conduct. Research ethics involve the moral principles that govern researchers’ actions, and securing ethical approval from a research ethics committee is necessary before starting a study. Nonetheless, in the UK, ethical approval is not needed for PPIE activities. Main text By its very nature, PPIE requires interaction with patients and public about their lived/living experience of often sensitive and emotional topics. We need to consider ethical principles of PPIE, and potential for harm to those involved. The authors call for ethics guidance to be included in the UK Standards for Public Involvement and discuss this with regards to (a) emotional risk (b) physical risk (c) confidentiality and personal data (d) support versus paternalism (e) marginalisation and (f) building and maintaining healthy relationships. Conclusion The argument presented here has been informed by the authors’ own experiences in topic areas ranging from transplantation, respiratory disease and health inequalities to women living with domestic abuse, and suggests that although requiring ethical approval for PPIE would be a step too far, and stifle research progress, PPIE needs to be conducted with an ‘ethical anchor’ to facilitate ethical practice and mitigate risk.

Published
2024
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9. Transcriptome-based prediction for polygenic traits in rice using different gene subsets

Author

Ryokei Tanaka, Tsubasa Kawai, Taiji Kawakatsu, Nobuhiro Tanaka, Matthew Shenton, Shiori Yabe, and Yusaku Uga

Subjects
Rice, Core collection, Root phenotypes, RNA-seq, genomic prediction, Transcriptome-based prediction, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background Transcriptome-based prediction of complex phenotypes is a relatively new statistical method that links genetic variation to phenotypic variation. The selection of large-effect genes based on a priori biological knowledge is beneficial for predicting oligogenic traits; however, such a simple gene selection method is not applicable to polygenic traits because causal genes or large-effect loci are often unknown. Here, we used several gene-level features and tested whether it was possible to select a gene subset that resulted in better predictive ability than using all genes for predicting a polygenic trait. Results Using the phenotypic values of shoot and root traits and transcript abundances in leaves and roots of 57 rice accessions, we evaluated the predictive abilities of the transcriptome-based prediction models. Leaf transcripts predicted shoot phenotypes, such as plant height, more accurately than root transcripts, whereas root transcripts predicted root phenotypes, such as crown root length, more accurately than leaf transcripts. Furthermore, we used the following three features to train the prediction model: (1) tissue specificity of the transcripts, (2) ontology annotations, and (3) co-expression modules for selecting gene subsets. Although models trained by a gene subset often resulted in lower predictive abilities than the model trained by all genes, some gene subsets showed improved predictive ability. For example, using genes expressed in roots but not in leaves, the predictive ability for crown root diameter was improved by more than 10% (R 2 = 0.59 when using all genes; R 2 = 0.66, using 1,554 root-specifically expressed genes). Similarly, genes annotated as “gibberellic acid sensitivity” showed higher predictive ability than using all genes for root dry weight. Conclusions Our results highlight both the possibility and difficulty of selecting an appropriate gene subset to predict polygenic traits from transcript abundance, given the current biological knowledge and information. Further integration of multiple sources of information, as well as improvements in gene characterization, may enable the selection of an optimal gene set for the prediction of polygenic phenotypes.

Published
2024
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12. Intention-to-treat outcomes utilising a stringent event definition in children and young people treated with tisagenlecleucel for r/r ALL through a national access scheme

Author

Oporto Espuelas, Macarena, Burridge, Saskia, Kirkwood, Amy A., Bonney, Denise, Watts, Kelly, Shenton, Geoff, Jalowiec, Katarzyna A., O’Reilly, Maeve A., Roddie, Claire, Castleton, Anna, Clesham, Katherine, Nicholson, Emma, Alajangi, Rajesh, Prabhu, Shilpa, George, Lindsay, Uttenthal, Ben, Gabelli, Maria, Neill, Lorna, Besley, Caroline, Chaganti, Sridhar, Wynn, Robert F., Bartram, Jack, Chiesa, Robert, Lucchini, Giovanna, Pavasovic, Vesna, Rao, Anupama, Rao, Kanchan, Silva, Juliana, Samarasinghe, Sujith, Vora, Ajay, Clark, Peter, Cummins, Michelle, Marks, David I., Amrolia, Persis, Hough, Rachael, and Ghorashian, Sara

Published
2024
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13. Inflammatory biomarkers for neurobehavioral dysregulation in former American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project

Author

van Amerongen, Suzan, Pulukuri, Surya V., Tuz-Zahra, Fatima, Tripodis, Yorghos, Cherry, Jonathan D., Bernick, Charles, Geda, Yonas E., Wethe, Jennifer V., Katz, Douglas I., Alosco, Michael L., Adler, Charles H., Balcer, Laura J., Ashton, Nicholas J., Blennow, Kaj, Zetterberg, Henrik, Daneshvar, Daniel H., Colasurdo, Elizabeth A., Iliff, Jeffrey J., Li, Gail, Peskind, Elaine R., Shenton, Martha E., Reiman, Eric M., Cummings, Jeffrey L., and Stern, Robert A.

Published
2024
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15. Hidden magnetism uncovered in charge ordered bilayer kagome material ScV_6Sn_6

Author

Guguchia, Z., Gawryluk, D. J., Shin, Soohyeon, Hao, Z., Mielke III, C., Das, D., Plokhikh, I., Liborio, L., Shenton, K., Hu, Y., Sazgari, V., Medarde, M., Deng, H., Cai, Y., Chen, C., Jiang, Y., Amato, A., Shi, M., Hasan, M. Z., Yin, J. -X., Khasanov, R., Pomjakushina, E., and Luetkens, H.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter
Abstract

Charge ordered kagome lattices have been demonstrated to be intriguing platforms for studying the intertwining of topology, correlation, and magnetism. The recently discovered charge ordered kagome material ScV_6Sn_6 does not feature a magnetic groundstate or excitations, thus it is often regarded as a conventional paramagnet. Here, using advanced muon-spin rotation spectroscopy, we uncover an unexpected hidden magnetism of the charge order. We observe a striking enhancement of the internal field width sensed by the muon ensemble, which takes place within the charge ordered state. More remarkably, the muon spin relaxation rate below the charge ordering temperature is substantially enhanced by applying an external magnetic field. Taken together with the hidden magnetism found in AV_3Sb_5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) and FeGe kagome systems, our results suggest ubiqitous time-reversal symmetry-breaking in charge ordered kagome lattices., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023
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16. Adverse Outcome Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Is Associated with Microstructure Alterations at the Gray and White Matter Boundary.

Author

Pankatz, Lara, Rojczyk, Philine, Seitz-Holland, Johanna, Bouix, Sylvain, Jung, Leonard, Wiegand, Tim, Bonke, Elena, Sollmann, Nico, Kaufmann, Elisabeth, Carrington, Holly, Puri, Twishi, Rathi, Yogesh, Coleman, Michael, Pasternak, Ofer, George, Mark, McAllister, Thomas, Zafonte, Ross, Stein, Murray, Marx, Christine, Shenton, Martha, and Koerte, Inga

Subjects
cognitive impairment, diffusion tensor imaging, fractional anisotropy, magnetic resonance imaging, mild traumatic brain injury, post-concussion symptoms
Abstract

The gray matter/white matter (GM/WM) boundary of the brain is vulnerable to shear strain associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). It is, however, unknown whether GM/WM microstructure is associated with long-term outcomes following mTBI. The diffusion and structural MRI data of 278 participants between 18 and 65 years of age with and without military background from the Department of Defense INTRuST study were analyzed. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was extracted at the GM/WM boundary across the brain and for each lobe. Additionally, two conventional analytic approaches were used: whole-brain deep WM FA (TBSS) and whole-brain cortical thickness (FreeSurfer). ANCOVAs were applied to assess differences between the mTBI cohort (n = 147) and the comparison cohort (n = 131). Associations between imaging features and post-concussive symptom severity, and functional and cognitive impairment were investigated using partial correlations while controlling for mental health comorbidities that are particularly common among military cohorts and were present in both the mTBI and comparison group. Findings revealed significantly lower whole-brain and lobe-specific GM/WM boundary FA (p < 0.011), and deep WM FA (p = 0.001) in the mTBI cohort. Whole-brain and lobe-specific GM/WM boundary FA was significantly negatively correlated with post-concussive symptoms (p < 0.039), functional (p < 0.016), and cognitive impairment (p < 0.049). Deep WM FA was associated with functional impairment (p = 0.002). Finally, no significant difference was observed in cortical thickness, nor between cortical thickness and outcome (p > 0.05). Findings from this study suggest that microstructural alterations at the GM/WM boundary may be sensitive markers of adverse long-term outcomes following mTBI.

Published
2023

17. Altered lateralization of the cingulum in deployment‐related traumatic brain injury: An ENIGMA military‐relevant brain injury study

Author

Dennis, Emily L, Newsome, Mary R, Lindsey, Hannah M, Adamson, Maheen, Austin, Tara A, Disner, Seth G, Eapen, Blessen C, Esopenko, Carrie, Franz, Carol E, Geuze, Elbert, Haswell, Courtney, Hinds, Sidney R, Hodges, Cooper B, Irimia, Andrei, Kenney, Kimbra, Koerte, Inga K, Kremen, William S, Levin, Harvey S, Morey, Rajendra A, Ollinger, John, Rowland, Jared A, Scheibel, Randall S, Shenton, Martha E, Sullivan, Danielle R, Talbert, Leah D, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Troyanskaya, Maya, Walker, William C, Wang, Xin, Ware, Ashley L, Werner, John Kent, Williams, Wright, Thompson, Paul M, Tate, David F, and Wilde, Elisabeth A

Subjects
Traumatic Head and Spine Injury, Brain Disorders, Biomedical Imaging, Neurosciences, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Mental Health, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.6 Psychological and behavioural, Neurological, Mental health, Humans, Adult, White Matter, Neuropsychological Tests, Brain Injuries, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Brain, DTI, military, traumatic brain injury, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology
Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in military populations can cause disruptions in brain structure and function, along with cognitive and psychological dysfunction. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) can detect alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure, but few studies have examined brain asymmetry. Examining asymmetry in large samples may increase sensitivity to detect heterogeneous areas of WM alteration in mild TBI. Through the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics Through Meta-Analysis Military-Relevant Brain Injury working group, we conducted a mega-analysis of neuroimaging and clinical data from 16 cohorts of Active Duty Service Members and Veterans (n = 2598). dMRI data were processed together along with harmonized demographic, injury, psychiatric, and cognitive measures. Fractional anisotropy in the cingulum showed greater asymmetry in individuals with deployment-related TBI, driven by greater left lateralization in TBI. Results remained significant after accounting for potentially confounding variables including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and handedness, and were driven primarily by individuals whose worst TBI occurred before age 40. Alterations in the cingulum were also associated with slower processing speed and poorer set shifting. The results indicate an enhancement of the natural left laterality of the cingulum, possibly due to vulnerability of the nondominant hemisphere or compensatory mechanisms in the dominant hemisphere. The cingulum is one of the last WM tracts to mature, reaching peak FA around 42 years old. This effect was primarily detected in individuals whose worst injury occurred before age 40, suggesting that the protracted development of the cingulum may lead to increased vulnerability to insults, such as TBI.

Published
2023

18. Intention-to-treat outcomes utilising a stringent event definition in children and young people treated with tisagenlecleucel for r/r ALL through a national access scheme

Author

Macarena Oporto Espuelas, Saskia Burridge, Amy A. Kirkwood, Denise Bonney, Kelly Watts, Geoff Shenton, Katarzyna A. Jalowiec, Maeve A. O’Reilly, Claire Roddie, Anna Castleton, Katherine Clesham, Emma Nicholson, Rajesh Alajangi, Shilpa Prabhu, Lindsay George, Ben Uttenthal, Maria Gabelli, Lorna Neill, Caroline Besley, Sridhar Chaganti, Robert F. Wynn, Jack Bartram, Robert Chiesa, Giovanna Lucchini, Vesna Pavasovic, Anupama Rao, Kanchan Rao, Juliana Silva, Sujith Samarasinghe, Ajay Vora, Peter Clark, Michelle Cummins, David I. Marks, Persis Amrolia, Rachael Hough, and Sara Ghorashian

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract CAR T-cell therapy has transformed relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) management and outcomes, but following CAR T infusion, interventions are often needed. In a UK multicentre study, we retrospectively evaluated tisagenlecleucel outcomes in all eligible patients, analysing overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) with standard and stringent definitions, the latter including measurable residual disease (MRD) emergence and further anti-leukaemic therapy. Both intention-to-treat and infused cohorts were considered. We collected data on feasibility of delivery, manufacture, toxicity, cause of therapy failure and followed patients until death from any cause. Of 142 eligible patients, 125 received tisagenlecleucel, 115/125 (92%) achieved complete remission (CR/CRi). Severe cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity occurred in 16/123 (13%) and 10/123 (8.1%), procedural mortality was 3/126 (2.4%). The 2-year intent to treat OS and EFS were 65.2% (95%CI 57.2–74.2%) and 46.5% (95%CI 37.6–57.6%), 2-year intent to treat stringent EFS was 35.6% (95%CI 28.1–44.9%). Median OS was not reached. Sixty-two responding patients experienced CAR T failure by the stringent event definition. Post failure, 1-year OS and standard EFS were 61.2% (95%CI 49.3–75.8) and 55.3% (95%CI 43.6–70.2). Investigation of CAR T-cell therapy for B-ALL delivered on a country-wide basis, including following patients beyond therapy failure, provides clinicians with robust outcome measures. Previously, outcomes post CAR T-cell therapy failure were under-reported. Our data show that patients can be successfully salvaged in this context with good short-term survival.

Published
2024
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19. Associations between near end-of-life flortaucipir PET and postmortem CTE-related tau neuropathology in six former American football players

Author

Alosco, Michael L, Su, Yi, Stein, Thor D, Protas, Hillary, Cherry, Jonathan D, Adler, Charles H, Balcer, Laura J, Bernick, Charles, Pulukuri, Surya Vamsi, Abdolmohammadi, Bobak, Coleman, Michael J, Palmisano, Joseph N, Tripodis, Yorghos, Mez, Jesse, Rabinovici, Gil D, Marek, Kenneth L, Beach, Thomas G, Johnson, Keith A, Huber, Bertrand Russell, Koerte, Inga, Lin, Alexander P, Bouix, Sylvain, Cummings, Jeffrey L, Shenton, Martha E, Reiman, Eric M, McKee, Ann C, and Stern, Robert A

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Aging, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Brain Disorders, Alzheimer's Disease, Dementia, Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Neurological, Humans, Alzheimer Disease, Autopsy, Brain, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy, Death, Football, Positron-Emission Tomography, tau Proteins, Biomarkers, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Neurodegenerative disease, Positron emission tomography imaging, Repetitive head impacts, Tau, Flortaucipir, DIAGNOSE C. T. E. Research Project, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Clinical sciences
Abstract

PurposeFlourine-18-flortaucipir tau positron emission tomography (PET) was developed for the detection for Alzheimer's disease. Human imaging studies have begun to investigate its use in chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Flortaucipir-PET to autopsy correlation studies in CTE are needed for diagnostic validation. We examined the association between end-of-life flortaucipir PET and postmortem neuropathological measurements of CTE-related tau in six former American football players.MethodsThree former National Football League players and three former college football players who were part of the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project died and agreed to have their brains donated. The six players had flortaucipir (tau) and florbetapir (amyloid) PET prior to death. All brains from the deceased participants were neuropathologically evaluated for the presence of CTE. On average, the participants were 59.0 (SD = 9.32) years of age at time of PET. PET scans were acquired 20.33 (SD = 13.08) months before their death. Using Spearman correlation analyses, we compared flortaucipir standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) to digital slide-based AT8 phosphorylated tau (p-tau) density in a priori selected composite cortical, composite limbic, and thalamic regions-of-interest (ROIs).ResultsFour brain donors had autopsy-confirmed CTE, all with high stage disease (n = 3 stage III, n = 1 stage IV). Three of these four met criteria for the clinical syndrome of CTE, known as traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES). Two did not have CTE at autopsy and one of these met criteria for TES. Concomitant pathology was only present in one of the non-CTE cases (Lewy body) and one of the CTE cases (motor neuron disease). There was a strong association between flortaucipir SUVRs and p-tau density in the composite cortical (ρ = 0.71) and limbic (ρ = 0.77) ROIs. Although there was a strong association in the thalamic ROI (ρ = 0.83), this is a region with known off-target binding. SUVRs were modest and CTE and non-CTE cases had overlapping SUVRs and discordant p-tau density for some regions.ConclusionsFlortaucipir-PET could be useful for detecting high stage CTE neuropathology, but specificity to CTE p-tau is uncertain. Off-target flortaucipir binding in the hippocampus and thalamus complicates interpretation of these associations. In vivo biomarkers that can detect the specific p-tau of CTE across the disease continuum are needed.

Published
2023

20. Long-term impact of COVID-19 hospitalisation among individuals with pre-existing airway diseases in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study – PHOSP-COVID

Author

Omer Elneima, John R. Hurst, Carlos Echevarria, Jennifer K. Quint, Samantha Walker, Salman Siddiqui, Petr Novotny, Paul E. Pfeffer, Jeremy S. Brown, Manu Shankar-Hari, Hamish J.C. McAuley, Olivia C. Leavy, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Marco Sereno, Matthew Richardson, Ruth M. Saunders, Victoria C. Harris, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Neil J. Greening, Ewen M. Harrison, Annemarie B. Docherty, Nazir I. Lone, James D. Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Michael Marks, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Rachael A. Evans, Louise V. Wain, Aziz Sheikh, Chris E. Brightling, Anthony De Soyza, Liam G. Heaney, J.K. Baillie, N.I. Lone, E. Pairo-Castineira, N. Avramidis, K. Rawlik, S Jones, L. Armstrong, B. Hairsine, H. Henson, C. Kurasz, A. Shaw, L. Shenton, H. Dobson, A. Dell, S. Fairbairn, N. Hawkings, J. Haworth, M. Hoare, V. Lewis, A. Lucey, G. Mallison, H. Nassa, C. Pennington, A. Price, C. Price, A. Storrie, G. Willis, S. Young, K. Poinasamy, S. Walker, I. Jarrold, A. Sanderson, K. Chong-James, C. David, W.Y. James, P. Pfeffer, O. Zongo, A. Martineau, C. Manisty, C. Armour, V. Brown, J. Busby, B. Connolly, T. Craig, S. Drain, L.G. Heaney, B. King, N. Magee, E. Major, D. McAulay, L. McGarvey, J. McGinness, T. Peto, R. Stone, A. Bolger, F. Davies, A. Haggar, J. Lewis, A. Lloyd, R. Manley, E. McIvor, D. Menzies, K. Roberts, W. Saxon, D. Southern, C. Subbe, V. Whitehead, A. Bularga, N.L. Mills, J. Dawson, H. El-Taweel, L. Robinson, L. Brear, K. Regan, D. Saralaya, K. Storton, S. Amoils, A. Bermperi, I. Cruz, K. Dempsey, A. Elmer, J. Fuld, H. Jones, S. Jose, S. Marciniak, M. Parkes, C. Ribeiro, J. Taylor, M. Toshner, L. Watson, J. Worsley, L. Broad, T. Evans, M. Haynes, L. Jones, L. Knibbs, A. McQueen, C. Oliver, K. Paradowski, R. Sabit, J. Williams, I. Jones, L. Milligan, E. Harris, C. Sampson, E. Davies, C. Evenden, A. Hancock, K. Hancock, C. Lynch, M. Rees, L. Roche, N. Stroud, T. Thomas-Woods, S. Heller, T. Chalder, K. Shah, E. Robertson, B. Young, M. Babores, M. Holland, N. Keenan, S. Shashaa, H. Wassall, L. Austin, E. Beranova, T. Cosier, J. Deery, T. Hazelton, H. Ramos, R. Solly, S. Turney, H. Weston, M. Ralser, L. Pearce, S. Pugmire, W. Stoker, A. Wilson, W. McCormick, E. Fraile, J. Ugoji, L. Aguilar Jimenez, G. Arbane, S. Betts, K. Bisnauthsing, A. Dewar, N. Hart, G. Kaltsakas, H. Kerslake, M.M. Magtoto, P. Marino, L.M. Martinez, M. Ostermann, J. Rossdale, T.S. Solano, M. Alvarez Corral, A. Arias, E. Bevan, D. Griffin, J. Martin, J. Owen, S. Payne, A. Prabhu, A. Reed, W. Storrar, N. Williams, C. Wrey Brown, T. Burdett, J. Featherstone, C. Lawson, A. Layton, C. Mills, L. Stephenson, Y. Ellis, P. Atkin, K. Brindle, M.G. Crooks, K. Drury, N. Easom, R. Flockton, L. Holdsworth, A. Richards, D.L. Sykes, S. Thackray-Nocera, C. Wright, S. Coetzee, K. Davies, R. Hughes, R. Loosley, H. McGuinness, A. Mohamed, L. O'Brien, Z. Omar, E. Perkins, J. Phipps, G. Ross, A. Taylor, H. Tench, R. Wolf-Roberts, L. Burden, E. Calvelo, B. Card, C. Carr, E.R. Chilvers, D. Copeland, P. Cullinan, P. Daly, L. Evison, T. Fayzan, H. Gordon, S. Haq, R.G. Jenkins, C. King, O. Kon, K. March, M. Mariveles, L. McLeavey, N. Mohamed, S. Moriera, U. Munawar, J. Nunag, U. Nwanguma, L. Orriss-Dib, A. Ross, M. Roy, E. Russell, K. Samuel, J. Schronce, N. Simpson, L. Tarusan, D.C. Thomas, C. Wood, N. Yasmin, D. Altmann, L.S. Howard, D. Johnston, A. Lingford-Hughes, W.D-C. Man, J. Mitchell, P.L. Molyneaux, C. Nicolaou, D.P. O'Regan, L. Price, J. Quint, D. Smith, R.S. Thwaites, J. Valabhji, S. Walsh, C.M. Efstathiou, F. Liew, A. Frankel, L. Lightstone, S. McAdoo, M. Wilkins, M. Willicombe, R. Touyz, A-M. Guerdette, M. Hewitt, R. Reddy, K. Warwick, S. White, A. McMahon, M. Malim, K. Bramham, M. Brown, K. Ismail, T. Nicholson, C. Pariante, C. Sharpe, S. Wessely, J. Whitney, O. Adeyemi, R. Adrego, H. Assefa-Kebede, J. Breeze, S. Byrne, P. Dulawan, A. Hoare, C.J. Jolley, A. Knighton, S. Patale, I. Peralta, N. Powell, A. Ramos, K. Shevket, F. Speranza, A. Te, A. Shah, A. Chiribiri, C. O'Brien, A. Hayday, A. Ashworth, P. Beirne, J. Clarke, C. Coupland, M. Dalton, C. Favager, J. Glossop, J. Greenwood, L. Hall, T. Hardy, A. Humphries, J. Murira, D. Peckham, S. Plein, J. Rangeley, G. Saalmink, A.L. Tan, E. Wade, B. Whittam, N. Window, J. Woods, G. Coakley, L. Turtle, L. Allerton, A.M. Allt, M. Beadsworth, A. Berridge, J. Brown, S. Cooper, A. Cross, S. Defres, S.L. Dobson, J. Earley, N. French, W. Greenhalf, K. Hainey, H.E. Hardwick, J. Hawkes, V. Highett, S. Kaprowska, A.L. Key, L. Lavelle-Langham, N. Lewis-Burke, G. Madzamba, F. Malein, S. Marsh, C. Mears, L. Melling, M.J. Noonan, L. Poll, J. Pratt, E. Richardson, A. Rowe, M.G. Semple, V. Shaw, K.A. Tripp, L.O. Wajero, S.A. Williams-Howard, D.G. Wootton, J. Wyles, S.N. Diwanji, S. Gurram, P. Papineni, S. Quaid, G.F. Tiongson, E. Watson, A. Briggs, M. Marks, C. Hastie, N. Rogers, N. Smith, D. Stensel, L. Bishop, K. McIvor, P. Rivera-Ortega, B. Al-Sheklly, C. Avram, J. Blaikely, M. Buch, N. Choudhury, D. Faluyi, T. Felton, T. Gorsuch, N.A. Hanley, A. Horsley, T. Hussell, Z. Kausar, N. Odell, R. Osbourne, K. Piper Hanley, K. Radhakrishnan, S. Stockdale, T. Kabir, J.T. Scott, P.J.M. Openshaw, I.D. Stewart, D. Burn, A. Ayoub, G. Burns, G. Davies, A. De Soyza, C. Echevarria, H. Fisher, C. Francis, A. Greenhalgh, P. Hogarth, J. Hughes, K. Jiwa, G. Jones, G. MacGowan, D. Price, A. Sayer, J. Simpson, H. Tedd, S. Thomas, S. West, M. Witham, S. Wright, A. Young, M.J. McMahon, P. Neill, D. Anderson, N. Basu, H. Bayes, A. Brown, A. Dougherty, K. Fallon, L. Gilmour, D. Grieve, K. Mangion, A. Morrow, R. Sykes, C. Berry, I.B. McInnes, K. Scott, F. Barrett, A. Donaldson, E.K. Sage, D. Bell, R. Hamil, K. Leitch, L. Macliver, M. Patel, J. Quigley, A. Smith, B. Welsh, G. Choudhury, S. Clohisey, A. Deans, A.B. Docherty, J. Furniss, E.M. Harrison, S. Kelly, A. Sheikh, J.D. Chalmers, D. Connell, C. Deas, A. Elliott, J. George, S. Mohammed, J. Rowland, A.R. Solstice, D. Sutherland, C.J. Tee, J. Bunker, R. Gill, R. Nathu, K. Holmes, H. Adamali, D. Arnold, S. Barratt, A. Dipper, S. Dunn, N. Maskell, A. Morley, L. Morrison, L. Stadon, S. Waterson, H. Welch, B. Jayaraman, T. Light, I. Vogiatzis, P. Almeida, C.E. Bolton, A. Hosseini, L. Matthews, R. Needham, K. Shaw, A.K. Thomas, J. Bonnington, M. Chrystal, C. Dupont, P.L. Greenhaff, A. Gupta, W. Jang, S. Linford, A. Nikolaidis, S. Prosper, A. Burns, N. Kanellakis, V.M. Ferreira, C. Nikolaidou, C. Xie, M. Ainsworth, A. Alamoudi, A. Bloss, P. Carter, M. Cassar, J. Chen, F. Conneh, T. Dong, R.I. Evans, E. Fraser, J.R. Geddes, F. Gleeson, P. Harrison, M. Havinden-Williams, L.P. Ho, P. Jezzard, I. Koychev, P. Kurupati, H. McShane, C. Megson, S. Neubauer, D. Nicoll, G. Ogg, E. Pacpaco, M. Pavlides, Y. Peng, N. Petousi, J. Pimm, N.M. Rahman, B. Raman, M.J. Rowland, K. Saunders, M. Sharpe, N. Talbot, E.M. Tunnicliffe, A. Korszun, S. Kerr, R.E. Barker, D. Cristiano, N. Dormand, P. George, M. Gummadi, S. Kon, K. Liyanage, C.M. Nolan, B. Patel, S. Patel, O. Polgar, P. Shah, S. Singh, J.A. Walsh, M. Gibbons, S. Ahmad, S. Brill, J. Hurst, H. Jarvis, L. Lim, S. Mandal, D. Matila, O. Olaosebikan, C. Singh, C. Laing, H. Baxendale, L. Garner, C. Johnson, J. Mackie, A. Michael, J. Newman, J. Pack, K. Paques, H. Parfrey, J. Parmar, A. Reddy, M. Halling-Brown, P. Dark, N. Diar-Bakerly, D. Evans, E. Hardy, A. Harvey, D. Holgate, S. Knight, N. Mairs, N. Majeed, L. McMorrow, J. Oxton, J. Pendlebury, C. Summersgill, R. Ugwuoke, S. Whittaker, W. Matimba-Mupaya, S. Strong-Sheldrake, P. Chowienczyk, J. Bagshaw, M. Begum, K. Birchall, R. Butcher, H. Carborn, F. Chan, K. Chapman, Y. Cheng, L. Chetham, C. Clark, Z. Coburn, J. Cole, M. Dixon, A. Fairman, J. Finnigan, H. Foot, D. Foote, A. Ford, R. Gregory, K. Harrington, L. Haslam, L. Hesselden, J. Hockridge, A. Holbourn, B. Holroyd-Hind, L. Holt, A. Howell, E. Hurditch, F. Ilyas, C. Jarman, A. Lawrie, J-H. Lee, E. Lee, R. Lenagh, A. Lye, I. Macharia, M. Marshall, A. Mbuyisa, J. McNeill, S. Megson, J. Meiring, L. Milner, S. Misra, H. Newell, T. Newman, C. Norman, L. Nwafor, D. Pattenadk, M. Plowright, J. Porter, P. Ravencroft, C. Roddis, J. Rodger, S.L. Rowland-Jones, P. Saunders, J. Sidebottom, J. Smith, L. Smith, N. Steele, G. Stephens, R. Stimpson, B. Thamu, A.A.R. Thompson, N. Tinker, K. Turner, H. Turton, P. Wade, J. Watson, I. Wilson, A. Zawia, L. Allsop, K. Bennett, P. Buckley, M. Flynn, M. Gill, C. Goodwin, M. Greatorex, H. Gregory, C. Heeley, L. Holloway, M. Holmes, J. Hutchinson, J. Kirk, W. Lovegrove, T.A. Sewell, S. Shelton, D. Sissons, K. Slack, S. Smith, D. Sowter, S. Turner, V. Whitworth, I. Wynter, J. Tomlinson, L. Warburton, S. Painter, S. Palmer, D. Redwood, J. Tilley, C. Vickers, T. Wainwright, G. Breen, M. Hotopf, R. Aul, D. Forton, M. Ali, A. Dunleavy, M. Mencias, N. Msimanga, T. Samakomva, S. Siddique, V. Tavoukjian, J. Teixeira, R. Ahmed, R. Francis, L. Connor, A. Cook, G.A. Davies, T. Rees, F. Thaivalappil, C. Thomas, M. McNarry, K.E. Lewis, M. Coulding, S. Kilroy, J. McCormick, J. McIntosh, V. Turner, J. Vere, A. Butt, H. Savill, S.S. Kon, G. Landers, H. Lota, S. Portukhay, M. Nasseri, A. Daniels, A. Hormis, J. Ingham, L. Zeidan, M. Chablani, L. Osborne, S. Aslani, A. Banerjee, R. Batterham, G. Baxter, R. Bell, A. David, E. Denneny, A.D. Hughes, W. Lilaonitkul, P. Mehta, A. Pakzad, B. Rangelov, B. Williams, J. Willoughby, M. Xu, N. Ahwireng, D. Bang, D. Basire, J.S. Brown, R.C. Chambers, A. Checkley, R. Evans, M. Heightman, T. Hillman, J. Jacob, R. Jastrub, M. Lipman, S. Logan, D. Lomas, M. Merida Morillas, H. Plant, J.C. Porter, K. Roy, E. Wall, T. Treibel, N. Ahmad Haider, C. Atkin, R. Baggott, M. Bates, A. Botkai, A. Casey, B. Cooper, J. Dasgin, C. Dawson, K. Draxlbauer, N. Gautam, J. Hazeldine, T. Hiwot, S. Holden, K. Isaacs, T. Jackson, V. Kamwa, D. Lewis, J.M. Lord, S. Madathil, C. McGhee, K. McGee, A. Neal, A. Newton-Cox, J. Nyaboko, D. Parekh, Z. Peterkin, H. Qureshi, L. Ratcliffe, E. Sapey, J. Short, T. Soulsby, J. Stockley, Z. Suleiman, T. Thompson, M. Ventura, S. Walder, C. Welch, D. Wilson, S. Yasmin, K.P. Yip, N. Chaudhuri, C. Childs, R. Djukanovic, S. Fletcher, M. Harvey, M.G. Jones, E. Marouzet, B. Marshall, R. Samuel, T. Sass, T. Wallis, H. Wheeler, R. Steeds, P. Beckett, C. Dickens, U. Nanda, M. Aljaroof, N. Armstrong, H. Arnold, H. Aung, M. Bakali, M. Bakau, E. Baldry, M. Baldwin, C. Bourne, M. Bourne, C.E. Brightling, N. Brunskill, P. Cairns, L. Carr, A. Charalambou, C. Christie, M.J. Davies, E. Daynes, S. Diver, R. Dowling, S. Edwards, C. Edwardson, O. Elneima, H. Evans, R.A. Evans, J. Finch, S. Finney, S. Glover, N. Goodman, B. Gooptu, N.J. Greening, K. Hadley, P. Haldar, B. Hargadon, V.C. Harris, L. Houchen-Wolloff, W. Ibrahim, L. Ingram, K. Khunti, A. Lea, D. Lee, H.J.C. McAuley, G.P. McCann, P. McCourt, T. McNally, G. Mills, W. Monteiro, M. Pareek, S. Parker, A. Prickett, I.N. Qureshi, A. Rowland, R. Russell, M. Sereno, A. Shikotra, S. Siddiqui, A. Singapuri, S.J. Singh, J. Skeemer, M. Soares, E. Stringer, S. Terry, T. Thornton, M. Tobin, T.J.C. Ward, F. Woodhead, T. Yates, A.J. Yousuf, B. Guillen Guiio, O.C. Leavy, L.V. Wain, M. Broome, P. McArdle, D. Thickett, R. Upthegrove, D. Wilkinson, P. Moss, D. Wraith, J. Evans, E. Bullmore, J.L. Heeney, C. Langenberg, W. Schwaeble, C. Summers, J. Weir McCall, D. Adeloye, D.E. Newby, R. Pius, I. Rudan, M. Shankar-Hari, C.L. Sudlow, M. Thorpe, S. Walmsley, B. Zheng, L. Allan, C. Ballard, A. McGovern, J. Dennis, J. Cavanagh, S. MacDonald, K. O'Donnell, J. Petrie, N. Sattar, M. Spears, E. Guthrie, M. Henderson, R.J. Allen, M. Bingham, T. Brugha, R. Free, D. Jones, L. Gardiner, A.J. Moss, E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, P. Novotny, C. Overton, J.E. Pearl, T. Plekhanova, M. Richardson, N. Samani, J. Sargent, M. Sharma, M. Steiner, C. Taylor, C. Tong, E. Turner, J. Wormleighton, B. Zhao, K. Ntotsis, R.M. Saunders, D. Lozano-Rojas, D. Cuthbertson, G. Kemp, A. McArdle, B. Michael, W. Reynolds, L.G. Spencer, B. Vinson, M. Ashworth, K. Abel, H. Chinoy, B. Deakin, M. Harvie, C.A. Miller, S. Stanel, P. Barran, D. Trivedi, H. McAllister-Williams, S. Paddick, A. Rostron, J.P. Taylor, D. Baguley, C. Coleman, E. Cox, L. Fabbri, S. Francis, I. Hall, E. Hufton, S. Johnson, F. Khan, P. Kitterick, R. Morriss, N. Selby, L. Wright, C. Antoniades, A. Bates, M. Beggs, K. Bhui, K. Breeze, K.M. Channon, D. Clark, X. Fu, M. Husain, X. Li, E. Lukaschuk, C. McCracken, K. McGlynn, R. Menke, K. Motohashi, T.E. Nichols, G. Ogbole, S. Piechnik, I. Propescu, J. Propescu, A.A. Samat, Z.B. Sanders, L. Sigfrid, M. Webster, L. Kingham, P. Klenerman, H. Lamlum, G. Carson, M. Taquet, L. Finnigan, L.C. Saunders, J.M. Wild, P.C. Calder, N. Huneke, G. Simons, D. Baldwin, S. Bain, L. Daines, E. Bright, P. Crisp, R. Dharmagunawardena, M. Stern, L. Bailey, A. Reddington, A. Wight, A. Ashish, J. Cooper, E. Robinson, A. Broadley, L. Barman, C. Brookes, K. Elliott, L. Griffiths, Z. Guy, K. Howard, D. Ionita, H. Redfearn, C. Sarginson, and A. Turnbull

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Background The long-term outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalisation in individuals with pre-existing airway diseases are unknown. Methods Adult participants hospitalised for confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 and discharged between 5 March 2020 and 31 March 2021 were recruited to the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study. Participants attended research visits at 5 months and 1 year post discharge. Clinical characteristics, perceived recovery, burden of symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with pre-existing airway disease (i.e., asthma, COPD or bronchiectasis) were compared to the non-airways group. Results A total of 615 out of 2697 (22.8%) participants had a history of pre-existing airway diseases (72.0% diagnosed with asthma, 22.9% COPD and 5.1% bronchiectasis). At 1 year, the airways group participants were less likely to feel fully recovered (20.4% versus 33.2%, p

Published
2024
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21. A comparison of methods to harmonize cortical thickness measurements across scanners and sites

Author

Sun, Delin, Rakesh, Gopalkumar, Haswell, Courtney C, Logue, Mark, Baird, C Lexi, O'Leary, Erin N, Cotton, Andrew S, Xie, Hong, Tamburrino, Marijo, Chen, Tian, Dennis, Emily L, Jahanshad, Neda, Salminen, Lauren E, Thomopoulos, Sophia I, Rashid, Faisal, Ching, Christopher RK, Koch, Saskia BJ, Frijling, Jessie L, Nawijn, Laura, van Zuiden, Mirjam, Zhu, Xi, Suarez-Jimenez, Benjamin, Sierk, Anika, Walter, Henrik, Manthey, Antje, Stevens, Jennifer S, Fani, Negar, van Rooij, Sanne JH, Stein, Murray, Bomyea, Jessica, Koerte, Inga K, Choi, Kyle, van der Werff, Steven JA, Vermeiren, Robert RJM, Herzog, Julia, Lebois, Lauren AM, Baker, Justin T, Olson, Elizabeth A, Straube, Thomas, Korgaonkar, Mayuresh S, Andrew, Elpiniki, Zhu, Ye, Li, Gen, Ipser, Jonathan, Hudson, Anna R, Peverill, Matthew, Sambrook, Kelly, Gordon, Evan, Baugh, Lee, Forster, Gina, Simons, Raluca M, Simons, Jeffrey S, Magnotta, Vincent, Maron-Katz, Adi, du Plessis, Stefan, Disner, Seth G, Davenport, Nicholas, Grupe, Daniel W, Nitschke, Jack B, deRoon-Cassini, Terri A, Fitzgerald, Jacklynn M, Krystal, John H, Levy, Ifat, Olff, Miranda, Veltman, Dick J, Wang, Li, Neria, Yuval, De Bellis, Michael D, Jovanovic, Tanja, Daniels, Judith K, Shenton, Martha, van de Wee, Nic JA, Schmahl, Christian, Kaufman, Milissa L, Rosso, Isabelle M, Sponheim, Scott R, Hofmann, David Bernd, Bryant, Richard A, Fercho, Kelene A, Stein, Dan J, Mueller, Sven C, Hosseini, Bobak, Phan, K Luan, McLaughlin, Katie A, Davidson, Richard J, Larson, Christine L, May, Geoffrey, Nelson, Steven M, Abdallah, Chadi G, Gomaa, Hassaan, Etkin, Amit, Seedat, Soraya, Harpaz-Rotem, Ilan, Liberzon, Israel, van Erp, Theo GM, Quidé, Yann, Wang, Xin, Thompson, Paul M, and Morey, Rajendra A

Subjects
Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Child, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Neuroimaging, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Young Adult, Data Harmonization, Scanner Effects, Site Effects, Cortical Thickness, ComBat, ComBat-GAM, Linear Mixed-Effects Model, General Additive Model, PTSD, Medical and Health Sciences, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Results of neuroimaging datasets aggregated from multiple sites may be biased by site-specific profiles in participants' demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as MRI acquisition protocols and scanning platforms. We compared the impact of four different harmonization methods on results obtained from analyses of cortical thickness data: (1) linear mixed-effects model (LME) that models site-specific random intercepts (LMEINT), (2) LME that models both site-specific random intercepts and age-related random slopes (LMEINT+SLP), (3) ComBat, and (4) ComBat with a generalized additive model (ComBat-GAM). Our test case for comparing harmonization methods was cortical thickness data aggregated from 29 sites, which included 1,340 cases with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (6.2-81.8 years old) and 2,057 trauma-exposed controls without PTSD (6.3-85.2 years old). We found that, compared to the other data harmonization methods, data processed with ComBat-GAM was more sensitive to the detection of significant case-control differences (Χ2(3) = 63.704, p < 0.001) as well as case-control differences in age-related cortical thinning (Χ2(3) = 12.082, p = 0.007). Both ComBat and ComBat-GAM outperformed LME methods in detecting sex differences (Χ2(3) = 9.114, p = 0.028) in regional cortical thickness. ComBat-GAM also led to stronger estimates of age-related declines in cortical thickness (corrected p-values < 0.001), stronger estimates of case-related cortical thickness reduction (corrected p-values < 0.001), weaker estimates of age-related declines in cortical thickness in cases than controls (corrected p-values < 0.001), stronger estimates of cortical thickness reduction in females than males (corrected p-values < 0.001), and stronger estimates of cortical thickness reduction in females relative to males in cases than controls (corrected p-values < 0.001). Our results support the use of ComBat-GAM to minimize confounds and increase statistical power when harmonizing data with non-linear effects, and the use of either ComBat or ComBat-GAM for harmonizing data with linear effects.

Published
2022

23. Posttraumatic survivor guilt is associated with white matter microstructure alterations

Author

Rojczyk, Philine, Seitz-Holland, Johanna, Heller, Carina, Marcolini, Sofia, Marshall, Amy D., Sydnor, Valerie J., Kaufmann, Elisabeth, Jung, Leonard B., Bonke, Elena M., Berger, Luisa, Umminger, Lisa F., Wiegand, Tim L.T., Cho, Kang Ik K., Rathi, Yogesh, Bouix, Sylvain, Pasternak, Ofer, Hinds, Sidney R., Fortier, Catherine B., Salat, David, Milberg, William P., Shenton, Martha E., and Koerte, Inga K.

Published
2024
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24. Cognitive and psychiatric symptom trajectories 2–3 years after hospital admission for COVID-19: a longitudinal, prospective cohort study in the UK

Author

Lone, Nazir, Baillie, Kenneth, Pairo-Castineira, Erola, Avramidis, Nikos, Wain, Louise, Guillen-Guio, Beatriz, Leavy, Olivia, Jones, S, Armstrong, Lisa, Hairsine, Brigid, Henson, Helen, Kurasz, Claire, Shaw, Alison, Shenton, Liz, Dobson, Hannah, Dell, Amanda, Fairbairn, Sara, Hawkings, Nancy, Haworth, Jill, Hoare, Michaela, Lewis, Victoria, Lucey, Alice, Mallison, Georgia, Nassa, Heeah, Pennington, Chris, Price, Andrea, Price, Claire, Storrie, Andrew, Willis, Gemma, Young, Susan, Poinasamy, Krisnah, Walker, Samantha, Jarrold, Ian, Rawlik, Konrad, Sanderson, Amy, Chong-James, K, David, C, James, W Y, Pfeffer, Paul, Zongo, O, Martineau, Adrian, Manisty, C, Armour, Cherie, Brown, Vanessa, Busby, John, Connolly, Bronwen, Craig, Thelma, Drain, Stephen, Heaney, Liam, King, Bernie, Magee, Nick, Major, E, McAulay, Danny, McGarvey, Lorcan, McGinness, Jade, Peto, Tunde, Stone, Roisin, Bolger, Annette, Davies, Ffyon, Haggar, Ahmed, Lewis, Joanne, Lloyd, Arwel, Manley, R, McIvor, Emma, Menzies, Daniel, Roberts, K, Saxon, W, Southern, David, Subbe, Christian, Whitehead, Victoria, Bularga, Anda, Mills, Nicholas, Dawson, Joy, El-Taweel, Hosni, Robinson, Leanne, Brear, Lucy, Regan, Karen, Saralaya, Dinesh, Storton, Kim, Amoils, Shannon, Bermperi, Areti, Cruz, Isabel, Dempsey, K, Elmer, Anne, Fuld, Jonathon, Jones, H, Jose, Sherly, Marciniak, Stefan, Parkes, M, Ribeiro, Carla, Taylor, Jessica, Toshner, Mark, Watson, L, Worsley, J, Broad, Lauren, Evans, Teriann, Haynes, Matthew, Jones, L, Knibbs, Lucy, McQueen, Alison, Oliver, Catherine, Paradowski, Kerry, Sabit, Ramsey, Williams, Jenny, Jones, Ian, Milligan, Lea, Harris, Edward, Sampson, Claire, Davies, Ellie, Evenden, Cerys, Hancock, Alyson, Hancock, Kia, Lynch, Ceri, Rees, Meryl, Roche, Lisa, Stroud, Natalie, Thomas-Woods, T, Heller, Simon, Chalder, Trudie, Shah, Kamini, Robertson, Elizabeth, Young, Bob, Babores, Marta, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Shashaa, Sharlene, Wassall, Helen, Austin, Liam, Beranova, Eva, Cosier, Tracey, Deery, Joanne, Hazelton, Tracy, Price, Carly, Ramos, Hazel, Solly, Reanne, Turney, Sharon, Weston, Heather, Coughlan, Eamon, Ralser, Markus, Pearce, Lorraine, Pugmire, S, Stoker, Wendy, Wilson, Ann, McCormick, W, Fraile, Eva, Ugoji, Jacinta, Aguilar Jimenez, Laura, Arbane, Gill, Betts, Sarah, Bisnauthsing, Karen, Dewar, A, Hart, Nicholas, Kaltsakas, G, Kerslake, Helen, Magtoto, Murphy, Marino, Philip, Martinez, L M, Ostermann, Marlies, Rossdale, Jennifer, Solano, Teresa, Alvarez Corral, Maria, Arias, Ava Maria, Bevan, Emily, Griffin, Denise, Martin, Jane, Owen, J, Payne, Sheila, Prabhu, A, Reed, Annabel, Storrar, Will, Williams, Nick, Wrey Brown, Caroline, Burdett, Tracy, Featherstone, James, Lawson, Cathy, Layton, Alison, Mills, Clare, Stephenson, Lorraine, Ellis, Yvette, Atkin, Paul, Brindle, K, Crooks, Michael, Drury, Katie, Easom, Nicholas, Flockton, Rachel, Holdsworth, L, Richards, A, Sykes, D L, Thackray-Nocera, Susannah, Wright, C, Coetzee, S, Davies, Kim, Hughes, Rachel Ann, Loosley, Ronda, McGuinness, Heather, Mohamed, Abdelrahman, O'Brien, Linda, Omar, Zohra, Perkins, Emma, Phipps, Janet, Ross, Gavin, Taylor, Abigail, Tench, Helen, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Burden, L, Calvelo, Ellen, Card, Bethany, Carr, Caitlin, Chilvers, Edwin, Copeland, Donna, Cullinan, P, Daly, Patrick, Evison, Lynsey, Fayzan, Tamanah, Gordon, Hussain, Haq, Sulaimaan, Jenkins, Gisli, King, Clara, Kon, Onn Min, March, Katherine, Mariveles, Myril, McLeavey, Laura, Mohamed, Noura, Moriera, Silvia, Munawar, Unber, Nunag, Jose Lloyd, Nwanguma, Uchechi, Orriss-Dib, Lorna, Ross, Alexandra, Roy, Maura, Russell, Emily, Samuel, Katherine, Schronce, J, Simpson, Neil, Tarusan, Lawrence, Thomas, David, Wood, Chloe, Yasmin, Najira, Altmann, Danny, Howard, Luke, Johnston, Desmond, Lingford-Hughes, Anne, Man, William, Mitchell, Jane, Molyneaux, Philip, Nicolaou, Christos, O'Regan, D P, Price, L, Quint, Jenni, Smith, David, Thwaites, Ryan, Valabhji, Jonathon, Walsh, Simon, Efstathiou, Claudia, Liew, Felicity, Frankel, Anew, Lightstone, Liz, McAdoo, Steve, Wilkins, Martin, Willicombe, Michelle, Touyz, R, Guerdette, Anne-Marie, Hewitt, Melanie, Reddy, R, Warwick, Katie, White, Sonia, McMahon, Aisling, Adeyemi, Oluwaseun, Adrego, Rita, Assefa-Kebede, Hosanna, Breeze, Jonathon, Byrne, S, Dulawan, Pearl, Hoare, Amy, Jolley, Caroline, Knighton, Abigail, Patale, Sheetal, Peralta, Ida, Powell, Natassia, Ramos, Albert, Shevket, K, Speranza, Fabio, Te, Amelie, Malim, M, Bramham, Kate, Brown, M, Ismail, Khalida, Nicholson, Tim, Pariante, Carmen, Sharpe, Claire, Wessely, Simon, Whitney, J, Shah, Ajay, Chiribiri, A, O'Brien, C, Hayday, A, Ashworth, Andrew, Beirne, Paul, Clarke, Jude, Coupland, C, Dalton, Matthhew, Favager, Clair, Glossop, Jodie, Greenwood, John, Hall, Lucy, Hardy, Tim, Humphries, Amy, Murira, Jennifer, Peckham, Dan, Plein, S, Rangeley, Jade, Saalmink, Gwen, Tan, Ai Lyn, Wade, Elaine, Whittam, Beverley, Window, Nicola, Woods, Janet, Coakley, G, Turtle, Lance, Allerton, Lisa, Allt, Ann Marie, Beadsworth, M, Berridge, Anthony, Brown, Jo, Cooper, Shirley, Cross, Andy, Defres, Sylviane, Dobson, S L, Earley, Joanne, French, N, Greenhalf, William, Hainey, Kera, Hardwick, Hayley, Hawkes, Jenny, Highett, Victoria, Kaprowska, Sabina, Key, Angela, Lavelle-Langham, Lara, Lewis-Burke, N, Madzamba, Gladys, Malein, Flora, Marsh, Sophie, Mears, Chloe, Melling, Lucy, Noonan, Matthew, Poll, L, Pratt, James, Richardson, Emma, Rowe, Anna, Semple, Calum, Shaw, Victoria, Tripp, K A, Wajero, Lilian, Williams-Howard, S A, Wootton, Dan, Wyles, J, Diwanji, Shalin, Gurram, Sambasivarao, Papineni, Padmasayee, Quaid, Sheena, Tiongson, Gerlynn, Watson, Ekaterina, Briggs, Andrew, Marks, Michael, Hastie, Claire, Rogers, Natalie, Smith, Nikki, Stensel, David, Bishop, Lettie, McIvor, Katherine, Rivera-Ortega, Pilar, Al-Sheklly, Bashar, Avram, Cristina, Blaikely, John, Buch, M, Choudhury, N, Faluyi, David, Felton, T, Gorsuch, T, Hanley, Neil, Horsley, Alex, Hussell, Tracy, Kausar, Zunaira, Odell, Natasha, Osbourne, Rebecca, Piper Hanley, Karen, Radhakrishnan, K, Stockdale, Sue, Kabir, Thomas, Scott, Janet, Stewart, Iain, Openshaw, Peter, Burn, David, Ayoub, A, Brown, J, Burns, G, Davies, Gareth, De Soyza, Anthony, Echevarria, Carlos, Fisher, Helen, Francis, C, Greenhalgh, Alan, Hogarth, Philip, Hughes, Joan, Jiwa, Kasim, Jones, G, MacGowan, G, Price, D, Sayer, Avan, Simpson, John, Tedd, H, Thomas, S, West, Sophie, Witham, M, Wright, S, Young, A, McMahon, Michael, Neill, Paula, Anderson, David, Basu, Neil, Bayes, Hannah, Brown, Ammani, Dougherty, Andrew, Fallon, K, Gilmour, L, Grieve, D, Mangion, K, Morrow, A, Sykes, R, Berry, Colin, McInnes, I B, Scott, Kathryn, Barrett, Fiona, Donaldson, A, Sage, Beth, Bell, Murdina, Brown, Angela, Hamil, R, Leitch, Karen, Macliver, L, Patel, Manish, Quigley, Jackie, Smith, Andrew, Welsh, B, Choudhury, Gaunab, Clohisey, S, Deans, Andrew, Docherty, Annemarie, Furniss, J, Harrison, Ewen, Kelly, S, Sheikh, Aziz, Chalmers, James, Connell, David, Deas, C, Elliott, Anne, George, J, Mohammed, S, Rowland, J, Solstice, AR, Sutherland, Debbie, Tee, Caroline, Bunker, Jenny, Gill, Rhyan, Nathu, Rashmita, Holmes, Katie, Adamali, H, Arnold, David, Barratt, Shaney, Dipper, A, Dunn, Sarah, Maskell, Nick, Morley, Anna, Morrison, Leigh, Stadon, Louise, Waterson, Samuel, Welch, H, Jayaraman, Bhagy, Light, Tessa, Vogiatzis, Ioannis, Almeida, Paula, Bolton, Charlotte, Hosseini, Akram, Matthews, Laura, Needham, Robert, Shaw, Karen, Thomas, Andrew, Bonnington, J, Chrystal, Melanie, Dupont, Catherine, Greenhaff, Paul, Gupta, Ayushman, Jang, W, Linford, S, Nikolaidis, Athanasios, Prosper, Sabrina, Burns, A, Kanellakis, N, Ferreira, V, Nikolaidou, C, Xie, C, Ainsworth, Mark, Alamoudi, Asma, Bloss, Angela, Carter, Penny, Cassar, M, Chen, Jin, Conneh, Florence, Dong, T, Evans, Ranuromanana, Fraser, Emily, Geddes, John, Gleeson, F, Harrison, Paul, Havinden-Williams, May, Ho, Ling Pei, Jezzard, P, Koychev, Ivan, Kurupati, Prathiba, McShane, H, Megson, Clare, Neubauer, Stefan, Nicoll, Debby, Ogg, G, Pacpaco, Edmund, Pavlides, M, Peng, Yanchun, Petousi, Nayia, Pimm, John, Rahman, Najib, Raman, Betty, Rowland, M J, Saunders, Kathryn, Sharpe, Michael, Talbot, Nick, Tunnicliffe, E M, Korszun, Ania, Kerr, Steven, Barker, R E, Cristiano, Daniele, Dormand, N, George, P, Gummadi, Mahitha, Kon, S, Liyanage, Kamal, Nolan, C M, Patel, B, Patel, Suhani, Polgar, Oliver, Shah, P, Singh, Suver, Walsh, J A, Gibbons, Michael, Ahmad, Shanaz, Brill, Simon, Hurst, John, Jarvis, Hannah, Lim, Lai, Mandal, S, Matila, Darwin, Olaosebikan, Olaoluwa, Singh, Claire, Laing, C, Baxendale, Helen, Garner, Lucie, Johnson, C, Mackie, J, Michael, Alice, Newman, J, Pack, Jamie, Paques, K, Parfrey, H, Parmar, J, Reddy, A, Halling-Brown, Mark, Dark, P, Diar-Bakerly, Nawar, Evans, D, Hardy, E, Harvey, Alice, Holgate, D, Knight, Sean, Mairs, N, Majeed, N, McMorrow, L, Oxton, J, Pendlebury, Jessica, Summersgill, C, Ugwuoke, R, Whittaker, S, Matimba-Mupaya, Wadzanai, Strong-Sheldrake, Sophia, Chowienczyk, Phillip, Bagshaw, J, Begum, M, Birchall, K, Butcher, Robyn, Carborn, H, Chan, Flora, Chapman, Kerry, Cheng, Yutung, Chetham, Luke, Clark, Cameron, Coburn, Zach, Cole, Joby, Dixon, Myles, Fairman, Alexandra, Finnigan, J, Foot, H, Foote, David, Ford, Amber, Gregory, Rebecca, Harrington, Kate, Haslam, L, Hesselden, L, Hockridge, J, Holbourn, Ailsa, Holroyd-Hind, B, Holt, L, Howell, Alice, Hurditch, E, Ilyas, F, Jarman, Claire, Lawrie, Allan, Lee, Ju Hee, Lee, Elvina, Lenagh, Rebecca, Lye, Alison, Macharia, Irene, Marshall, M, Mbuyisa, Angeline, McNeill, J, Megson, Sharon, Meiring, J, Milner, L, Misra, S, Newell, Helen, Newman, Tom, Norman, C, Nwafor, Lorenza, Pattenadk, Dibya, Plowright, Megan, Porter, Julie, Ravencroft, Phillip, Roddis, C, Rodger, J, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Saunders, Peter, Sidebottom, J, Smith, Jacqui, Smith, Laurie, Steele, N, Stephens, G, Stimpson, R, Thamu, B, Thompson, A. A. Roger, Tinker, N, Turner, Kim, Turton, Helena, Wade, Phillip, Walker, S, Watson, James, Wilson, Imogen, Zawia, Amira, Allsop, Lynne, Bennett, Kaytie, Buckley, Phil, Flynn, Margaret, Gill, Mandy, Goodwin, Camelia, Greatorex, M, Gregory, Heidi, Heeley, Cheryl, Holloway, Leah, Holmes, Megan, Hutchinson, John, Kirk, Jill, Lovegrove, Wayne, Sewell, Terri Ann, Shelton, Sarah, Sissons, D, Slack, Katie, Smith, Susan, Sowter, D, Turner, Sarah, Whitworth, V, Wynter, Inez, Tomlinson, Johanne, Warburton, Louise, Painter, Sharon, Palmer, Sue, Redwood, Dawn, Tilley, Jo, Vickers, Carinna, Wainwright, Tania, Breen, G, Hotopf, M, Aul, Raminder, Forton, D, Ali, Mariam, Dunleavy, A, Mencias, Mark, Msimanga, N, Samakomva, T, Siddique, Sulman, Tavoukjian, Vera, Teixeira, J, Ahmed, Rubina, Francis, Richard, Connor, Lynda, Cook, Amanda, Davies, Gwyneth, Rees, Tabitha, Thaivalappil, Favas, Thomas, Caradog, McNarry, M, Williams, N, Lewis, Keir, Coulding, Martina, Jones, Heather, Kilroy, Susan, McCormick, Jacqueline, McIntosh, Jerome, Turner, Victoria, Vere, Joanne, Butt, Al-Tahoor, Savill, Heather, Kon, Samantha, Landers, G, Lota, Harpreet, Portukhay, Sofiya, Nasseri, Mariam, Daniels, Alison, Hormis, Anil, Ingham, Julie, Zeidan, Lisa, Chablani, Manish, Osborne, Lynn, Aslani, Shahab, Banerjee, Amita, Batterham, R, Baxter, Gabrielle, Bell, Robert, David, Anthony, Denneny, Emma, Hughes, Alun, Lilaonitkul, W, Mehta, P, Pakzad, Ashkan, Rangelov, Bojidar, Williams, B, Willoughby, James, Xu, Moucheng, Ahwireng, Nyarko, Bang, Dongchun, Basire, Donna, Brown, Jeremy, Chambers, Rachel, Checkley, A, Evans, R, Heightman, M, Hillman, T, Jacob, Joseph, Jastrub, Roman, Lipman, M, Logan, S, Lomas, D, Merida Morillas, Marta, Plant, Hannah, Porter, Joanna, Roy, K, Wall, E, Treibel, T, Ahmad Haider, N, Atkin, Catherine, Baggott, Rhiannon, Bates, Michelle, Botkai, A, Casey, Anna, Cooper, B, Dasgin, Joanne, Dawson, Camilla, Draxlbauer, Katharine, Gautam, N, Hazeldine, J, Hiwot, T, Holden, Sophie, Isaacs, Karen, Jackson, T, Kamwa, Vicky, Lewis, D, Lord, Janet, Madathil, S, McGee, C, Mcgee, K, Neal, Aoife, Newton-Cox, Alex, Nyaboko, Joseph, Parekh, Dhruv, Peterkin, Z, Qureshi, H, Ratcliffe, Liz, Sapey, Elizabeth, Short, J, Soulsby, Tracy, Stockley, J, Suleiman, Zehra, Thompson, Tamika, Ventura, Maximina, Walder, Sinead, Welch, Carly, Wilson, Daisy, Yasmin, S, Yip, Kay Por, Chaudhuri, N, Childs, Caroline, Djukanovic, R, Fletcher, S, Harvey, Matt, Jones, Mark, Marouzet, Elizabeth, Marshall, B, Samuel, Reena, Sass, T, Wallis, Tim, Wheeler, Helen, Steeds, R, Beckett, Paul, Dickens, Caroline, Nanda, Uttam, Aljaroof, M, Armstrong, Natalie, Arnold, H, Aung, Hnin, Bakali, Majda, Bakau, M, Baldry, E, Baldwin, Molly, Bourne, Charlotte, Bourne, Michelle, Brightling, Chris, Brunskill, Nigel, Cairns, P, Carr, Liesel, Charalambou, Amanda, Christie, C, Davies, Melanie, Daynes, Enya, Diver, Sarah, Dowling, Rachael, Edwards, Sarah, Edwardson, C, Elneima, Omer, Evans, H, Evans, Rachael, Finch, J, Glover, Sarah, Goodman, Nicola, Gooptu, Bibek, Greening, Neil, Hadley, Kate, Haldar, Pranab, Hargadon, Beverley, Harris, Victoria, Houchen-Wolloff, Linzy, Ibrahim, W, Ingram, L, Khunti, Kamlesh, Lea, A, Lee, D, McAuley, Hamish, McCann, Gerry, McCourt, P, Mcnally, Teresa, Mills, George, Monteiro, Will, Pareek, Manish, Parker, S, Prickett, Anne, Qureshi, I N, Rowland, A, Russell, Richard, Sereno, Marco, Shikotra, Aarti, Siddiqui, Salman, Singapuri, Ananga, Singh, Sally, Skeemer, J, Soares, M, Stringer, E, Thornton, T, Tobin, Martin, Ward, T J C, Woodhead, F, Yates, Tom, Yousuf, A J, Broome, Mattew, McArdle, Paul, Thickett, David, Upthegrove, Rachel, Wilkinson, Dan, Moss, Paul, Wraith, David, Evans, Jonathon, Bullmore, Ed, Heeney, Jonathon, Langenberg, Claudia, Schwaeble, William, Summers, Charlotte, Weir McCall, J, Adeloye, Davies, Newby, D E, Pius, Riinu, Rudan, Igor, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Sudlow, Catherine, Thorpe, Mat, Walmsley, Sarah, Zheng, Bang, Allan, Louise, Ballard, Clive, McGovern, Andrew, Dennis, J, Cavanagh, Jonathon, MacDonald, S, O'Donnell, Kate, Petrie, John, Sattar, Naveed, Spears, Mark, Guthrie, Elspeth, Henderson, Max, Allen, Richard, Bingham, Michelle, Brugha, Terry, Finney, Selina, Free, Rob, Jones, Don, Lawson, Claire, Lucy, Gardiner, Moss, Alistair, Mukaetova-Ladinska, Elizabeta, Novotny, Petr, Overton, Charlotte, Pearl, John, Plekhanova, Tatiana, Richardson, M, Samani, Nilesh, Sargant, Jack, Sharma, M, Steiner, Mike, Taylor, Chris, Terry, Sarah, Tong, C, Turner, E, Wormleighton, J, Zhao, Bang, Ntotsis, Kimon, Saunders, Ruth, Lozano-Rojas, Daniel, Goemans, Anne, Cuthbertson, D, Kemp, G, McArdle, Anne, Michael, Benedict, Reynolds, Will, Spencer, Lisa, Vinson, Ben, Ashworth, M, Abel, Kathryn, Chinoy, H, Deakin, Bill, Harvie, M, Miller, C A, Stanel, Stefan, Barran, Perdita, Trivedi, Drupad, McAllister-Williams, Hamish, Paddick, Stella-Maria, Rostron, Anthony, Taylor, John Paul, Baguley, David, Coleman, Chris, Cox, E, Fabbri, Laura, Francis, Susan, Hall, Ian, Hufton, E, Johnson, Simon, Khan, Fasih, Kitterick, Paaig, Morriss, Richard, Selby, Nick, Wright, Louise, Antoniades, Charalambos, Bates, A, Beggs, M, Bhui, Kamaldeep, Breeze, Katie, Channon, K M, Clark, David, Fu, X, Husain, Masud, Li, X, Lukaschuk, E, McCracken, Celeste, McGlynn, K, Menke, R, Motohashi, K, Nichols, T E, Ogbole, Godwin, Piechnik, S, Propescu, I, Propescu, J, Samat, A A, Sanders, Z B, Sigfrid, Louise, Webster, M, Kingham, Lucy, Klenerman, Paul, Lamlum, Hanan, Taquet, Maxime, Carson, G, Finnigan, L, Saunders, Laura, Wild, James, Calder, P C, Huneke, Nathan, Simons, Gemma, Baldwin, David, Bain, Steve, Daines, Luke, Bright, E, Crisp, P, Dharmagunawardena, Ruvini, Stern, M, Bailey, Elisabeth, Reddington, Anne, Wight, Andrew, Ashish, A, Cooper, Josh, Robinson, Emma, Broadley, Andrew, Barman, Laura, Brookes, Claire, Elliott, K, Griffiths, L, Guy, Zoe, Howard, Kate, Ionita, Diana, Redfearn, Heidi, Sarginson, Carol, Turnbull, Alison, Skorniewska, Zuzanna, De Deyn, Thomas, Hampshire, Adam, Trender, William R, Hellyer, Peter J, Chalmers, James D, Ho, Ling-Pei, Leavy, Olivia C, Richardson, Matthew, McAuley, Hamish J C, Singapuri, Amisha, Saunders, Ruth M, Harris, Victoria C, Greening, Neil J, Mansoori, Parisa, Harrison, Ewen M, Docherty, Annemarie B, Lone, Nazir I, Quint, Jennifer, Brightling, Christopher E, Wain, Louise V, Evans, Rachael A, Geddes, John R, and Harrison, Paul J

Published
2024
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26. Characterising the behaviours in most severe and least severe emotional outbursts in young people

Author

Benjamin Daniel Kitchen Shenton, Justin Cheuk Yin Chung, and Kate Anne Woodcock

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Emotional outbursts are displays of intense, challenging behaviour and are prevalent in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Outbursts present a danger to individuals and their carers and are cited as reasons for referral to mental health services. However, it is currently unclear how the characteristics of outbursts may determine their severity. Carers (n = 214) of individuals aged between 6 and 25 and experiencing outbursts at least once per month completed the Emotional Outburst Questionnaire. Questionnaire items were used to compare behaviours observed in most severe and least severe outbursts through quantitative and content analyses of open ended data. Signs of physiological arousal and aggression were seen significantly more in most severe outbursts compared to least severe outbursts. Least severe outbursts were seen more frequently, but most severe outbursts were reported to have a longer duration, be at a higher intensity, and have a longer recovery time. Additionally, associations were found between reduced eye contact and most severe outbursts, as well as expression of suicidal ideation and most severe outbursts. Certain behaviours, notably forms of aggression and physiological arousal, are associated with most severe outbursts. Findings of this study may allow future work examining cross-disorder differences in outbursts to inform targeted interventions aiming to reduce outburst severity and impact. Additionally, identification of such outburst characteristics could aid in measurement of outburst severity, which would allow for more reliable and valid studies on outburst interventions.

Published
2024
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27. Inflammatory biomarkers for neurobehavioral dysregulation in former American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project

Author

Suzan van Amerongen, Surya V. Pulukuri, Fatima Tuz-Zahra, Yorghos Tripodis, Jonathan D. Cherry, Charles Bernick, Yonas E. Geda, Jennifer V. Wethe, Douglas I. Katz, Michael L. Alosco, Charles H. Adler, Laura J. Balcer, Nicholas J. Ashton, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Daniel H. Daneshvar, Elizabeth A. Colasurdo, Jeffrey J. Iliff, Gail Li, Elaine R. Peskind, Martha E. Shenton, Eric M. Reiman, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Robert A. Stern, and for the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project Investigators

Subjects
Repetitive head impacts, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, Neurodegeneration, Neuroinflammation, Neuropsychiatric symptoms, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background Traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) is defined as the clinical manifestation of the neuropathological entity chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). A core feature of TES is neurobehavioral dysregulation (NBD), a neuropsychiatric syndrome in repetitive head impact (RHI)-exposed individuals, characterized by a poor regulation of emotions/behavior. To discover biological correlates for NBD, we investigated the association between biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and NBD symptoms in former American football players and unexposed individuals. Methods Our cohort consisted of former American football players, with (n = 104) or without (n = 76) NBD diagnosis, as well as asymptomatic unexposed individuals (n = 55) from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project. Specific measures for NBD were derived (i.e., explosivity, emotional dyscontrol, impulsivity, affective lability, and a total NBD score) from a factor analysis of multiple self-report neuropsychiatric measures. Analyses of covariance tested differences in biomarker concentrations between the three groups. Within former football players, multivariable linear regression models assessed relationships among log-transformed inflammatory biomarkers, proxies for RHI exposure (total years of football, cumulative head impact index), and NBD factor scores, adjusted for relevant confounding variables. Sensitivity analyses tested (1) differences in age subgroups (

Published
2024
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28. The atypical ‘hippocampal’ glutamate receptor coupled to phospholipase D that controls stretch‐sensitivity in primary mechanosensory nerve endings is homomeric purely metabotropic GluK2

Author

Karen J. Thompson, Sonia Watson, Chiara Zanato, Sergio Dall'Angelo, Joriene C. De Nooij, Bethany Pace‐Bonello, Fiona C. Shenton, Helen E. Sanger, Beverly A. Heinz, Lisa M. Broad, Noelle Grosjean, Jessica R. McQuillian, Marina Dubini, Susan Pyner, Iain Greig, Matteo Zanda, David Bleakman, Robert W. Banks, and Guy S. Bewick

Subjects
GluK2, glutamate receptor, kainate receptor, mechanosensation, muscle spindle, PLD‐mGluR, Physiology, QP1-981
Abstract

Abstract A metabotropic glutamate receptor coupled to phospholipase D (PLD‐mGluR) was discovered in the hippocampus over three decades ago. Its pharmacology and direct linkage to PLD activation are well established and indicate it is a highly atypical glutamate receptor. A receptor with the same pharmacology is present in spindle primary sensory terminals where its blockade can totally abolish, and its activation can double, the normal stretch‐evoked firing. We report here the first identification of this PLD‐mGluR protein, by capitalizing on its expression in primary mechanosensory terminals, developing an enriched source, pharmacological profiling to identify an optimal ligand, and then functionalizing it as a molecular tool. Evidence from immunofluorescence, western and far‐western blotting indicates PLD‐mGluR is homomeric GluK2, since GluK2 is the only glutamate receptor protein/receptor subunit present in spindle mechanosensory terminals. Its expression was also found in the lanceolate palisade ending of hair follicle, also known to contain the PLD‐mGluR. Finally, in a mouse model with ionotropic function ablated in the GluK2 subunit, spindle glutamatergic responses were still present, confirming it acts purely metabotropically. We conclude the PLD‐mGluR is a homomeric GluK2 kainate receptor signalling purely metabotropically and it is common to other, perhaps all, primary mechanosensory endings.

Published
2024
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29. Genome- and Transcriptome-wide Association Studies to Discover Candidate Genes for Diverse Root Phenotypes in Cultivated Rice

Author

Shujun Wei, Ryokei Tanaka, Taiji Kawakatsu, Shota Teramoto, Nobuhiro Tanaka, Matthew Shenton, Yusaku Uga, and Shiori Yabe

Subjects
Root, Candidate gene search, Genetic variation, Association mapping, Genome-wide association study, Transcriptome-wide association study, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Abstract Root system architecture plays a crucial role in nutrient and water absorption during rice production. Genetic improvement of the rice root system requires elucidating its genetic control. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified genomic regions responsible for rice root phenotypes. However, candidate gene prioritization around the peak region often suffers from low statistical power and resolution. Transcriptomics enables other statistical mappings, such as transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) and expression GWAS (eGWAS), which improve candidate gene identification by leveraging the natural variation of the expression profiles. To explore the genes responsible for root phenotypes, we conducted GWAS, TWAS, and eGWAS for 12 root phenotypes in 57 rice accessions using 427,751 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the expression profiles of 16,901 genes expressed in the roots. The GWAS identified three significant peaks, of which the most significant peak responsible for seven root phenotypes (crown root length, crown root surface area, number of crown root tips, lateral root length, lateral root surface area, lateral root volume, and number of lateral root tips) was detected at 6,199,732 bp on chromosome 8. In the most significant GWAS peak region, OsENT1 was prioritized as the most plausible candidate gene because its expression profile was strongly negatively correlated with the seven root phenotypes. In addition to OsENT1, OsEXPA31, OsSPL14, OsDEP1, and OsDEC1 were identified as candidate genes responsible for root phenotypes using TWAS. Furthermore, a cis-eGWAS peak SNP was detected for OsDjA6, which showed the eighth strongest association with lateral root volume in the TWAS. The cis-eGWAS peak SNP for OsDjA6 was in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with a GWAS peak SNP on the same chromosome for lateral root volume and in perfect LD with another SNP variant in a putative cis-element at the 518 bp upstream of the gene. These candidate genes provide new insights into the molecular breeding of root system architecture.

Published
2023
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31. Age‐dependent white matter disruptions after military traumatic brain injury: Multivariate analysis results from ENIGMA brain injury

Author

Bouchard, Heather C, Sun, Delin, Dennis, Emily L, Newsome, Mary R, Disner, Seth G, Elman, Jeremy, Silva, Annelise, Velez, Carmen, Irimia, Andrei, Davenport, Nicholas D, Sponheim, Scott R, Franz, Carol E, Kremen, William S, Coleman, Michael J, Williams, M Wright, Geuze, Elbert, Koerte, Inga K, Shenton, Martha E, Adamson, Maheen M, Coimbra, Raul, Grant, Gerald, Shutter, Lori, George, Mark S, Zafonte, Ross D, McAllister, Thomas W, Stein, Murray B, Thompson, Paul M, Wilde, Elisabeth A, Tate, David F, Sotiras, Aristeidis, and Morey, Rajendra A

Subjects
Clinical and Health Psychology, Psychology, Neurosciences, Traumatic Head and Spine Injury, Biomedical Imaging, Brain Disorders, Mental Health, Clinical Research, Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Mental health, Brain, Brain Concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Humans, Military Personnel, Multivariate Analysis, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Veterans, White Matter, diffusion MRI, ENIGMA, military, mTBI, nonnegative matrix factorization, traumatic brain injury, Cognitive Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Biological psychology, Cognitive and computational psychology
Abstract

Mild Traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a signature wound in military personnel, and repetitive mTBI has been linked to age-related neurogenerative disorders that affect white matter (WM) in the brain. However, findings of injury to specific WM tracts have been variable and inconsistent. This may be due to the heterogeneity of mechanisms, etiology, and comorbid disorders related to mTBI. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a data-driven approach that detects covarying patterns (components) within high-dimensional data. We applied NMF to diffusion imaging data from military Veterans with and without a self-reported TBI history. NMF identified 12 independent components derived from fractional anisotropy (FA) in a large dataset (n = 1,475) gathered through the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Military Brain Injury working group. Regressions were used to examine TBI- and mTBI-related associations in NMF-derived components while adjusting for age, sex, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and data acquisition site/scanner. We found significantly stronger age-dependent effects of lower FA in Veterans with TBI than Veterans without in four components (q

Published
2022

32. Evaluating Primary Treatment for People with Advanced Glaucoma: Five-Year Results of the Treatment of Advanced Glaucoma Study

Author

King, Anthony, Agrawal, Pavi, Broadway, David C., Strouthidis, Nick, Chew, Shenton, Sng, Chelvin, Toth, Marta, Gazzard, Gus, Elkarmouty, Ahmed, Nikita, Eleni, Triolo, Giacinto, Aguilar-Munoa, Soledad, Goyal, Saurabh, Lim, Sheng, Sung, Velota, Masood, Imran, Wride, Nicholas, Sandhu, Amanjeet, Hill, Elizabeth, Sparrow, John, Grey, Fiona, Bourne, Rupert, Nithyanandarajah, Gnanapragasam, Willshire, Catherine, Bloom, Philip, Ahmed, Faisal, Cordeiro, Franesca, Crawley, Laura, Normando, Eduardo, Ameen, Sally, Tryfinopoulou, Joanna, Porteous, Alistair, Jutley, Gurjeet, Bessinis, Dimitrios, Kirwan, James, Begum, Shahiba, Sepetis, Anastasios, Rule, Edward, Thornton, Richard, McNaught, Andrew, Anand, Nitin, Negi, Anil, Kousha, Obaid, Hovan, Marta, Sanders, Roshini, Agarwal, Pankaj Kumar, Tatham, Andrew, Au, Leon, Fenerty, Cecelia, Karaconji, Tanya, Drury, Brett, Penmol, Duya, Ansari, Ejaz, Dardzhikova, Albina, Moosavi, Reza, Imonikhe, Richard, Kontovourikis, Prodromos, Membrey, Luke, Almeida, Goncalo, Tildsley, James, Azuara-Blanco, Augusto, Knox, Angela, Rankin, Simon, Wilson, Sara, Prabhu, Avinash, Mukherji, Subhanjan, Datta, Amit, Fern, Alisdair, Liput, Joanna, Manners, Tim, Pilling, Josh, Stemp, Clare, Martin, Karen, Nixon, Tracey, Cobb, Caroline, Rotchford, Alan, Sidiki, Sikander, Bansal, Atul, Auger, Graham, Freeman, Mary, King, Anthony J., Hudson, Jemma, Burr, Jennifer, Kernohan, Ashleigh, Homer, Tara, Shabaninejad, Hosein, Sparrow, John M., Garway-Heath, David, Barton, Keith, Norrie, John, Davidson, Tracey, Vale, Luke, and MacLennan, Graeme

Published
2024
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35. Amyloid PET across the cognitive spectrum in former professional and college American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project

Author

Stern, Robert A., Trujillo-Rodriguez, Diana, Tripodis, Yorghos, Pulukuri, Surya V., Alosco, Michael L., Adler, Charles H., Balcer, Laura J., Bernick, Charles, Baucom, Zachary, Marek, Kenneth L., McClean, Michael D., Johnson, Keith A., McKee, Ann C., Stein, Thor D., Mez, Jesse, Palmisano, Joseph N., Cummings, Jeffrey L., Shenton, Martha E., and Reiman, Eric M.

Published
2023
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38. Neuropsychological test performance of former American football players

Author

Alosco, Michael L., Barr, William B., Banks, Sarah J., Wethe, Jennifer V., Miller, Justin B., Pulukuri, Surya Vamsi, Culhane, Julia, Tripodis, Yorghos, Adler, Charles H., Balcer, Laura J., Bernick, Charles, Mariani, Megan L., Cantu, Robert C., Dodick, David W., McClean, Michael D., Au, Rhoda, Mez, Jesse, Turner, II, Robert W., Palmisano, Joseph N., Martin, Brett, Hartlage, Kaitlin, Cummings, Jeffrey L., Reiman, Eric M., Shenton, Martha E., and Stern, Robert A.

Published
2023
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39. Patient and public involvement workshop to shape artificial intelligence-supported connected asthma self-management research.

Author

Chi Yan Hui, Ann Victoria Shenton, Claire Martin, David Weatherill, Dianna Moylan, Morag Hayes, Laura Gonzalez Rienda, Emma Kinley, Stefanie Eck, and Hilary Pinnock

Subjects
Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7
Abstract

Digital interventions with artificial intelligence (AI) can potentially support people with asthma to reduce the risk of exacerbation. Engaging patients throughout the development process is essential to ensure usability of the intervention for the end-users. Using our Connected for Asthma (C4A) intervention as an exemplar, we explore how patient involvement can shape a digital intervention. Seven Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) colleagues from the Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research participated in four advisory workshops to discuss how they would prefer to use/interact with AI to support living with their asthma, the benefit and caveats to use the AI that incorporated asthma monitoring and indoor/outdoor environmental data. Discussion focussed on the three most wanted use cases identified in our previous studies. PPI colleagues wanted AI to support data collection, remind them about self-management tasks, teach them about asthma environmental triggers, identify risk, and empower them to confidently look after their asthma whilst emphasising that AI does not replace clinicians. The discussion informed the key components in the next C4A interventions, including the approach to interacting with AI, the technology features and the research topics. Attendees highlighted the importance of considering health inequities, the presentation of data, and concerns about data accuracy, data privacy, security and ownership. We have demonstrated how patient roles can shift from that of 'user' (the traditional 'tester' of a digital intervention), to a co-design partner who shapes the next iteration of the intervention. Technology innovators should seek practical and feasible strategies to involve PPI colleagues throughout the development cycle of a digital intervention; supporting researchers to explore the barriers, concerns, enablers and advantages of implementing digital healthcare.

Published
2024
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40. Intimate partner violence perpetration among veterans: associations with neuropsychiatric symptoms and limbic microstructure

Author

Philine Rojczyk, Carina Heller, Johanna Seitz-Holland, Elisabeth Kaufmann, Valerie J. Sydnor, Luisa Berger, Lara Pankatz, Yogesh Rathi, Sylvain Bouix, Ofer Pasternak, David Salat, Sidney R. Hinds, Carrie Esopenko, Catherine B. Fortier, William P. Milberg, Martha E. Shenton, and Inga K. Koerte

Subjects
perpetration of violence, diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, veterans, intimate partner violence, perpetration and victimization, traumatic brain injury, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration is highly prevalent among veterans. Suggested risk factors of IPV perpetration include combat exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, alcohol use, and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). While the underlying brain pathophysiological characteristics associated with IPV perpetration remain largely unknown, previous studies have linked aggression and violence to alterations of the limbic system. Here, we investigate whether IPV perpetration is associated with limbic microstructural abnormalities in military veterans. Further, we test the effect of potential risk factors (i.e., PTSD, depression, substance use disorder, mTBI, and war zone-related stress) on the prevalence of IPV perpetration.MethodsStructural and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data were acquired from 49 male veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars (Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom; OEF/OIF) of the Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) study. IPV perpetration was assessed using the psychological aggression and physical assault sub-scales of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). Odds ratios were calculated to assess the likelihood of IPV perpetration in veterans with either of the following diagnoses: PTSD, depression, substance use disorder, or mTBI. Fractional anisotropy tissue (FA) measures were calculated for limbic gray matter structures (amygdala-hippocampus complex, cingulate, parahippocampal gyrus, entorhinal cortex). Partial correlations were calculated between IPV perpetration, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and FA.ResultsVeterans with a diagnosis of PTSD, depression, substance use disorder, or mTBI had higher odds of perpetrating IPV. Greater war zone-related stress, and symptom severity of PTSD, depression, and mTBI were significantly associated with IPV perpetration. CTS2 (psychological aggression), a measure of IPV perpetration, was associated with higher FA in the right amygdala-hippocampus complex (r = 0.400, p = 0.005).ConclusionVeterans with psychiatric disorders and/or mTBI exhibit higher odds of engaging in IPV perpetration. Further, the more severe the symptoms of PTSD, depression, or TBI, and the greater the war zone-related stress, the greater the frequency of IPV perpetration. Moreover, we report a significant association between psychological aggression against an intimate partner and microstructural alterations in the right amygdala-hippocampus complex. These findings suggest the possibility of a structural brain correlate underlying IPV perpetration that requires further research.

Published
2024
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41. Long COVID and cardiovascular disease: a prospective cohort study

Author

Amitava Banerjee, Jennifer Kathleen Quint, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, S Thomas, Kamlesh Khunti, Naveed Sattar, J Breeze, Michael Marks, S Johnson, D Smith, C Wright, Colin Berry, Matthew Richardson, Ling-Pei Ho, C Tong, Amisha Singapuri, J Chen, Gerry P McCann, J Cole, X Li, J Greenwood, S Plein, A Brown, J Smith, J Brown, M Brown, J Lewis, A Young, Nicholas L Mills, A Banerjee, R Hughes, C King, L Osborne, S Jones, A Wilson, R Francis, Stefan Neubauer, D Wilkinson, P Marino, N Hart, G Kaltsakas, Alastair James Moss, Betty Raman, John Greenwood, F Khan, J Martin, S Smith, A Casey, A Sheikh, P Carter, T Thompson, B Patel, N Rahman, C Coleman, N Smith, B Williams, K Turner, D Lee, S Barratt, J Williams, L Jones, A Smith, A Gupta, R Reddy, S White, N Williams, A Michael, V Turner, H Evans, L Hall, C Lawson, J Hughes, H Gordon, C Dawson, A Ford, J Simpson, C Bloomfield, E Lee, A Taylor, D Anderson, J Clarke, S Turner, K Shaw, P Shah, S Misra, J Evans, H Jones, M Ali, A Arias, C Dupont, A Harvey, J Wormleighton, A Reed, L Pearce, P Harrison, M Marks, K Shah, J Cooper, C Berry, C David, J Parmar, R Ahmed, P Almeida, M Holland, L Lim, J Mitchell, K Bennett, S Walker, S Ahmad, M Begum, B Young, L Wright, M Holmes, N Sattar, D Clark, Ewen Harrison, M Sharma, J Teixeira, S Patel, D Thomas, I B McInnes, Nazir I Lone, D Grieve, D Griffin, S Siddiqui, E Turner, K McGlynn, C Mills, N Mohamed, A Hosseini, S Knight, K Samuel, L Smith, Chris Brightling, B Guillen-Guio, A Dewar, C Bourne, SJ Singh, RA Evans, I Vogiatzis, D Parekh, S Mandal, H Adamali, M Heightman, P Rivera-Ortega, S Stanel, N Chaudhuri, Y Cheng, L Bishop, F Gleeson, S Janes, D Baldwin, D Arnold, N Maskell, T Nicholson, L Howard, M Toshner, M Steiner, A Price, D Price, M Lipman, A Shaw, J Busby, M Patel, L McGarvey, R Evans, S West, N Petousi, D Thickett, T Gorsuch, J Fuld, P Cullinan, L Houchen-Wolloff, R Free, E Daynes, A De Soyza, E Harris, H Parfrey, F Woodhead, L Watson, K Jiwa, G Davies, G Jones, J Hurst, M Spears, J Finch, A Dipper, C Echevarria, G Jenkins, I Stewart, E Sapey, N Talbot, B Gooptu, M Richardson, P Greenhaff, K Roy, S Holden, R Russell, M Gibbons, A Morley, J Porter, R Djukanovic, V Lewis, T Shaw, Jayanth Ranjit Arnold, K Elliott, S Young, A David, C Armour, S Edwards, H Henson, P Atkin, A Daniels, L Zeidan, M Broome, M Gill, A Broadley, L Matthews, H Redfearn, S Kelly, C Thomas, D Evans, Z Omar, E Perkins, Annemarie B Docherty, J George, S Wessely, R Upthegrove, L Lavelle-Langham, D Bell, James Chalmers, Alun D Hughes, Victoria Harris, B Cooper, S Byrne, P Moss, C Singh, S Painter, A McMahon, M Ainsworth, K Scott, G Mills, C Carr, D Jones, D Faluyi, S Kerr, A Richards, S Parker, P Dark, T Jackson, L Carr, C Taylor, E Watson, C Vickers, L Armstrong, B Hairsine, L Allsop, L Stephenson, E Beranova, M Bates, C McGhee, M Harvey, A Cook, S Dunn, I Wynter, H Tench, R Loosley, J Featherstone, L Bailey, D Wilson, N Gautam, A Burns, Neil J Greening, B Card, N Powell, T Craig, L Daines, CM Nolan, RE Barker, JA Walsh, O Polgar, S Diver, J Quint, A Dunleavy, C Avram, C Francis, R Aul, J Rossdale, G Burns, H Tedd, T Felton, L Morrison, C Xie, D Menzies, A Haggar, S Marciniak, S Francis, T Dong, H Jarvis, S Brill, A Martineau, F Liew, P Haldar, C Price, A Butt, T Kabir, N Armstrong, P Beirne, E Cox, W Storrar, P Beckett, W Ibrahim, S Cooper, D Lewis, E Robinson, L Allan, C Antoniades, J T Scott, K Radhakrishnan, N Bishop, J Taylor, J Kirk, C Heeley, M Hewitt, J Watson, J Hutchinson, L Finnigan, D Lomas, S Macdonald, H Chinoy, A Ross, A Mohamed, M Soares, C Oliver, A Lucey, N Simpson, N Basu, S Logan, M J Davies, P C Calder, L Griffiths, K Davies, J McNeill, X Fu, P Cairns, F Davies, M Xu, J Quigley, A Ramos, R Stone, K Roberts, A Prabhu, L Robinson, C Wood, M Baldwin, S Wright, M G Jones, K Saunders, C O’Brien, N Rogers, S Heller, K Chapman, C O'Brien, J M Wild, A L Tan, J McCormick, C Childs, C Coupland, M Buch, J Dennis, G Baxter, H Welch, A D Hughes, M J McMahon, A Howell, J Kwan, A Rowland, A Ashworth, S Walsh, J Owen, I Jones, E McIvor, D Connell, R Thwaites, A McGovern, J Petrie, G Arbane, R Butcher, C Brookes, K Khunti, T Yates, P Chowienczyk, M Witham, M Stern, M Marshall, S Payne, L S Howard, J Woods, A Hormis, C Johnson, J Jacob, P McArdle, T Chalder, K Holmes, M Sharpe, D Stensel, T Peto, F Chan, H Ramos, C E Bolton, J-H Lee, P Mehta, M Ashworth, M Dalton, A Lloyd, L Austin, C Sampson, S Palmer, P Klenerman, K Howard, I Rudan, A McQueen, K Fallon, Catherine Bagot, M Webster, E Davies, S Jose, A McArdle, D Johnston, H Fisher, C Lynch, T Hardy, S Mohammed, V C Harris, B Elliott, G Coakley, J Stockley, S Barrett, E Guthrie, Y Peng, M Ventura, N Selby, A Briggs, G Stephens, E Richardson, K Bhui, J McIntosh, K Lewis, N French, H Qureshi, M Henderson, A Elliott, N I Lone, C Clark, K Ismail, C Summers, S Fletcher, J Rowland, M Hotopf, A Korszun, S Shashaa, H Gregory, P Daly, E Robertson, J S Brown, A Bates, P Saunders, B Marshall, A Cross, A Donaldson, B Zhao, H Lamlum, I Wilson, P Buckley, J Dawson, S Glover, C Christie, B Connolly, M Parkes, L Holloway, B King, F Speranza, M Haynes, T Rees, I Cruz, T McNally, G Ross, G Carson, M Dixon, H Arnold, P M George, K Harrington, M Rees, R Morriss, C Dickens, C Laing, E Hardy, L P Ho, P Chowdhury, M Roy, J Glossop, J Pratt, R A Evans, P Wade, Rachael Evans, S Defres, J Short, S Neubauer, R Batterham, E Wall, T Newman, G J Kemp, J R Geddes, E Russell, C Langenberg, N A Hanley, R Samuel, S Haq, D Trivedi, J Willoughby, E Stringer, S Marsh, K Bramham, L Lightstone, A Hancock, S Shelton, J P Greenwood, N Brunskill, K Munro, T Soulsby, U Nanda, A Ashish, K Liyanage, L Holt, E R Chilvers, D E Newby, L Ingram, A Bolger, J Tomlinson, C Ballard, A Humphries, V Brown, C Sharpe, D Forton, P Kar, R Gregory, D Redwood, R Steeds, K Mangion, A Chiribiri, L Ratcliffe, G P McCann, K M Channon, A M Shah, N L Mills, A Lawrie, A Greenhalgh, K O’Donnell, T Evans, K Drury, D Sutherland, A A R Thompson, J K Baillie, K Hancock, M Hoare, J Valabhji, V Shaw, K SLACK, N M Rahman, C J Jolley, S J SINGH, J D Chalmers, C E Brightling, L G Heaney, D F McAuley, D Peckham, R C Chambers, R G Jenkins, P J M Openshaw, P Neill, H Wheeler, A Moss, C Overton, D Altmann, Alex Horsley, J Blaikley, M Ostermann, L G Spencer, A Horsley, A Singapuri, B Hargadon, K E Lewis, I Jarrold, A Shikotra, S Terry, S S Kon, M Pareek, G Choudhury, W Monteiro, M Bourne, D Nicoll, A Morrow, L Roche, D G Wootton, E K Sage, N J Greening, J Hazeldine, J M Lord, A Zawia, WDC Man, D C Thomas, H Baxendale, J Rodger, D Saralaya, T Hussell, A Lea, M McNarry, B Al-Sheklly, S Thackray-Nocera, T Thornton, J Skeemer, S Greenwood, E Fraser, L Stadon, N Kanellakis, N Magee, S Kon, A Hayday, A J Moss, A Yousuf, N Lewis-Burke, S Finney, T Hillman, H McShane, C Pennington, L Gardiner, R Dharmagunawardena, G MacGowan, L Fabbri, C Subbe, L Burden, P Jezzard, N Samani, C Manisty, P Novotny, D J Cuthbertson, G A Davies, M G Semple, J Murira, W Greenhalf, A Hoare, Louise V Wain, L V Wain, I Hall, G Willis, O Adeyemi, H McGuinness, F Thaivalappil, M Babores, B Michael, D Burn, B Zheng, M Husain, J Hawkes, N Goodman, L Broad, L Turtle, R Gill, J Haworth, J Cavanagh, S Piechnik, C A Miller, S Whittaker, C Ribeiro, R Touyz, P L Molyneaux, J C Porter, R Solly, A Dougherty, E Bullmore, A Sayer, C Kurasz, S Walmsley, D Southern, K Brindle, T Wallis, L O’Brien, S Madathil, A Wight, B Jayaraman, M Flynn, A Checkley, M Plowright, E Major, K Isaacs, M Pavlides, W Schwaeble, E M Harrison, A Ayoub, N Stroud, E Lukaschuk, D P O'Regan, E Wade, V M Ferreira, R I Evans, S Siddique, A Lingford-Hughes, C Nicolaou, B Deakin, H Dobson, A Layton, C Atkin, R Flockton, I Peralta, T Brugha, C Pariante, C Welch, A Frankel, M Tobin, S Fairbairn, A Rowe, A K Thomas, R Sykes, F Barrett, H Atkins, C Norman, L Milner, K Abel, P Crisp, C Nolan, J Mackie, Marco Sereno, Krisnah Poinasamy, S Gurram, G Saalmink, H Bayes, H Aung, P Pfeffer, H Nassa, W McCormick, Claire Alexandra Lawson, R J Allen, Omer Elneima, J Hockridge, B Raman, A Fairman, H Turton, N Majeed, J Bonnington, M Bakali, M Shankar-Hari, L Holdsworth, A Buttress, R Sabit, A Rostron, K Piper Hanley, Olivia C Leavy, Aarti Shikotra, D Wraith, J P Taylor, A Alamoudi, O Elneima, E Denneny, L Saunders, J Earley, M Ralser, O Kon, D Basire, G Simons, Hamish JC McAuley, Ruth Saunders, K Poinasamy, R Dowling, C Edwardson, L Houchen--Wolloff, O C Leavy, H J C McAuley, T Plekhanova, R M Saunders, M Sereno, Y Ellis, H E Hardwick, W Reynolds, B Venson, A B Docherty, D Lozano-Rojas, K Ntotsis, R Pius, M Halling-Brown, S Aslani, M Beggs, M P Cassar, C McCracken, R Menke, T E Nichols, C Nikolaidou, G Ogbole, B Rangelov, D P O’Regan, A Pakzad, I Propescu, A A Samat, Z B Sanders, T Treibel, E M Tunnicliffe, J Weir McCall, I Koychev, J Pearl, D Adeloye, D Baguley, G Breen, K Breeze, F Callard, N Huneke, P Kitterick, P Mansoori, H McAllister-Williams, K McIvor, L Milligan, E Mukaetova-Ladinska, A Nevado-Holgado, S Paddick, J Pimm, S Amoils, A Bularga, A N Sattar, C L Sudlow, C M Efstathiou, J L Heeney, S L Rowland-Jones, R S Thwaites, M J Rowland, E Hufton, J E Pearl, L C Saunders, S Bain, Man W D-C, E Baldry, M Beadsworth, M Harvie, J Sargent Pimm, L Sigfrid, J Whitney, S McAdoo, K McCafferty, M Willicombe, J Bunker, C Hastie, R Nathu, L Shenton, A Dell, N Hawkings, G Mallison, A Storrie, K Chong-James, W Y James, O Zongo, A Sanderson, S Drain, D McAulay, J McGinness, R Manley, W Saxon, V Whitehead, H El-Taweel, L Brear, K Regan, K Storton, A Bermperi, K Dempsey, A Elmer, J Worsley, L Knibbs, K Paradowski, C Evenden, T Thomas-Woods, J Bradley-Potts, N Keenan, H Wassall, H Weston, T Cosier, J Deery, T Hazelton, S Turney, S Pugmire, W Stoker, LA Aguilar Jimenez, S Betts, K Bisnauthsing, H Kerslake, MM Magtoto, LM Martinez, TS Solano, E Wynn, M Alvarez Corral, E Bevan, C Wrey Brown, T Burdett, N Easom, M G Crooks, D L Sykes, S Coetzee, J Phipps, R Wolf-Roberts, S Anifowose, E Calvelo, D Copeland, L Evison, T Fayzan, K March, M Mariveles, L McLeavey, S Moriera, U Munawar, J Nunag, U Nwanguma, L Orriss- Dib, J Schronce, L Tarusan, N Yasmin, A-M Guerdette, K Warwick, R Adrego, H Assefa-Kebede, P Dulawan, A Knighton, M Malim, S Patale, K Shevket, A Te, C Favager, J Rangeley, B Whittam, N Window, L Allerton, AM All, A Berridge, S L Dobson, K Hainey, V Highett, S Kaprowska, AL Key, S Koprowska, G Madzamba, F Malein, C Mears, L Melling, M J Noonan, L Poll, K A Tripp, B Vinson, L O Wajero, S A Williams-Howard, J Wyles, S N Diwanji, P Papineni, S Quaid, G F Tiongson, P Barran, J Blaikely, N Choudhury, Z Kausar, N Odell, R Osbourne, S Stockdale, P Hogarth, L Gilmour, R Hamil, K Leitch, L Macliver, B Welsh, S Clohisey, A Deans, J Furniss, C Deas, A R Solstice, C J Tee, S Waterson, T Light, M Chrystal, W Jang, S Linford, R Needham, A Nikolaidis, S Prosper, A Bloss, M Cassar, F Conneh, M Havinden-Williams, P Kurupati, C Megson, K Motohashi, G Ogg, E Pacpaco, J Propescu, E Tunnicliffe, D Cristiano, N Dormand, M Gummadi, D Matila, O Olaosebikan, L Garner, J Pack, K Paques, NDiar Bakerly, D Holgate, N Mairs, L McMorrow, J Oxton, J Pendlebury, C Summersgill, R Ugwuoke, W Matimba-Mupaya, S Strong-Sheldrake, J Bagshaw, K Birchall, H Carborn, L Chetham, Z Coburn, J Finnigan, H Foot, D Foote, L Haslam, L Hesselden, A Holbourn, B Holroyd- Hind, E Hurditch, F Ilyas, C Jarman, R Lenagh, A Lye, I Macharia, A Mbuyisa, S Megson, J Meiring, H Newell, L Nwafor, D Pattenadk, P Ravencroft, C Roddis, J Sidebottom, N Steele, R Stimpson, B Thamu, N Tinker, N Msimanga, M Mencias, T Samakomva, V Tavoukjian, C Goodwin, M Greatorex, W Lovegrove, TA Sewell, D Sissons, D Sowter, V Whitworth, L Warburton, T Wainwright, J Tilley, L Connor, M Coulding, S Kilroy, H Savill, J Vere, E Fraile, J Ugoji, H Lota, G Landers, M Nasseri, S Portukhay, J Ingham, M Chablani, N Ahwireng, B Bang, R Jastrub, M Merida Morillas, H Plant, N Ahmad Haider, R Baggott, A Botkai, J Dasgin, K Draxlbauer, T Hiwot, V Kamwa, K Mcgee, A Neal, A Newton Cox, J Nyaboko, Z Peterkin, Z Suleiman, S Walder, S Yasmin, K P Yip, M Aljaroof, M Bakau, M Bingham, A Charalambou, B Gootpu, K Hadley, P McCourt, A Prickett, I N Qureshi, T J C Ward, E Marouzet, T Sass, E Bright, A Reddington, L Barman, Z Guy, and D Ionita

Subjects
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background Pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or cardiovascular risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of complications following hospitalisation with COVID-19, but their impact on the rate of recovery following discharge is not known.Objectives To determine whether the rate of patient-perceived recovery following hospitalisation with COVID-19 was affected by the presence of CVD or cardiovascular risk factors.Methods In a multicentre prospective cohort study, patients were recruited following discharge from the hospital with COVID-19 undertaking two comprehensive assessments at 5 months and 12 months. Patients were stratified by the presence of either CVD or cardiovascular risk factors prior to hospitalisation with COVID-19 and compared with controls with neither. Full recovery was determined by the response to a patient-perceived evaluation of full recovery from COVID-19 in the context of physical, physiological and cognitive determinants of health.Results From a total population of 2545 patients (38.8% women), 472 (18.5%) and 1355 (53.2%) had CVD or cardiovascular risk factors, respectively. Compared with controls (n=718), patients with CVD and cardiovascular risk factors were older and more likely to have had severe COVID-19. Full recovery was significantly lower at 12 months in patients with CVD (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.62, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.89) and cardiovascular risk factors (aOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.86).Conclusion Patients with CVD or cardiovascular risk factors had a delayed recovery at 12 months following hospitalisation with COVID-19. Targeted interventions to reduce the impact of COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular disease remain an unmet need.Trail registration number ISRCTN10980107.

Published
2024
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44. Hidden magnetism uncovered in a charge ordered bilayer kagome material ScV6Sn6

Author

Z. Guguchia, D. J. Gawryluk, S. Shin, Z. Hao, C. Mielke III, D. Das, I. Plokhikh, L. Liborio, J. Kane Shenton, Y. Hu, V. Sazgari, M. Medarde, H. Deng, Y. Cai, C. Chen, Y. Jiang, A. Amato, M. Shi, M. Z. Hasan, J.-X. Yin, R. Khasanov, E. Pomjakushina, and H. Luetkens

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Charge ordered kagome lattices have been demonstrated to be intriguing platforms for studying the intertwining of topology, correlation, and magnetism. The recently discovered charge ordered kagome material ScV6Sn6 does not feature a magnetic groundstate or excitations, thus it is often regarded as a conventional paramagnet. Here, using advanced muon-spin rotation spectroscopy, we uncover an unexpected hidden magnetism of the charge order. We observe an enhancement of the internal field width sensed by the muon ensemble, which takes place within the charge ordered state. More importantly, the muon spin relaxation rate below the charge ordering temperature is substantially enhanced by applying an external magnetic field. Taken together with the hidden magnetism found in AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) and FeGe kagome systems, our results suggest ubiqitous time-reversal symmetry-breaking in charge ordered kagome lattices.

Published
2023
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45. Amyloid PET across the cognitive spectrum in former professional and college American football players: findings from the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project

Author

Robert A. Stern, Diana Trujillo-Rodriguez, Yorghos Tripodis, Surya V. Pulukuri, Michael L. Alosco, Charles H. Adler, Laura J. Balcer, Charles Bernick, Zachary Baucom, Kenneth L. Marek, Michael D. McClean, Keith A. Johnson, Ann C. McKee, Thor D. Stein, Jesse Mez, Joseph N. Palmisano, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Martha E. Shenton, Eric M. Reiman, and for the DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project Investigators

Subjects
American Football, Amyloid-β, Concussion, Alzheimer’s disease, Cognitive function, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Background Exposure to repetitive head impacts (RHI) in American football players can lead to cognitive impairment and dementia due to neurodegenerative disease, particularly chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). The pathognomonic lesion of CTE consists of perivascular aggregates of hyper-phosphorylated tau in neurons at the depths of cortical sulci. However, it is unclear whether exposure to RHI accelerates amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque formation and increases the risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Although the Aβ neuritic plaques characteristic of AD are observed in a minority of later-stage CTE cases, diffuse plaques are more common. This study examined whether former professional and college American football players, including those with cognitive impairment and dementia, have elevated neuritic Aβ plaque density, as measured by florbetapir PET. Regardless of cognitive and functional status, elevated levels of florbetapir uptake were not expected. Methods We examined 237 men ages 45–74, including 119 former professional (PRO) and 60 former college (COL) football players, with and without cognitive impairment and dementia, and 58 same-age men without a history of contact sports or TBI (unexposed; UE) and who denied cognitive or behavioral symptoms at telephone screening. Former players were categorized into four diagnostic groups: normal cognition, subjective memory impairment, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. Positive florbetapir PET was defined by cortical-cerebellar average SUVR of ≥ 1.10. Multivariable linear regression and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) compared florbetapir average SUVR across diagnostic and exposure groups. Multivariable logistic regression compared florbetapir positivity. Race, education, age, and APOE4 were covariates. Results There were no diagnostic group differences either in florbetapir average SUVR or the proportion of elevated florbetapir uptake. Average SUVR means also did not differ between exposure groups: PRO-COL (p = 0.94, 95% C.I. = [− 0.033, 0.025]), PRO-UE (p = 0.40, 95% C.I. = [− 0.010, 0.029]), COL-UE (p = 0.36, 95% CI = [0.0004, 0.039]). Florbetapir was not significantly associated with years of football exposure, cognition, or daily functioning. Conclusions Cognitive impairment in former American football players is not associated with PET imaging of neuritic Aβ plaque deposition. These findings are inconsistent with a neuropathological diagnosis of AD in individuals with substantial RHI exposure and have both clinical and medico-legal implications. Trial registration NCT02798185.

Published
2023
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46. Exploring the impact of hippocampal sclerosis on white matter tracts and memory in individuals with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

Author

Tamires A. Zanao, Johanna Seitz‐Holland, Lauren J. O'Donnell, Fan Zhang, Yogesh Rathi, Tátila M. Lopes, Luciana Ramalho Pimentel‐Silva, Clarissa L. Yassuda, Nikos Makris, Martha E. Shenton, Sylvain Bouix, Amanda E. Lyall, and Fernando Cendes

Subjects
cognitive impairment, focal epilepsy, magnetic resonance imaging, white matter tracts, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Objective To investigate how the presence/side of hippocampal sclerosis (HS) are related to the white matter structure of cingulum bundle (CB), arcuate fasciculus (AF), and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Methods We acquired diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from 86 healthy and 71 individuals with MTLE (22 righ‐HS; right‐HS, 34 left‐HS; left‐HS, and 15 nonlesional MTLE). We utilized two‐tensor tractography and fiber clustering to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) of each side/tract between groups. Additionally, we examined the association between FA and nonverbal (WMS‐R) and verbal (WMS‐R, RAVLT codification) memory performance for MTLE individuals. Results White matter abnormalities depended on the side and presence of HS. The left‐HS demonstrated widespread abnormalities for all tracts, the right‐HS showed lower FA for ipsilateral tracts and the nonlesional MTLE group did not differ from healthy individuals. Results indicate no differences in verbal/nonverbal memory performance between the groups, but trend‐level associations between higher FA of visual memory and the left CB (r = 0.286, P = 0.018), verbal memory (RAVLT) and ‐left CB (r = 0.335, P = 0.005), ‐right CB (r = 0.286, P = 0.016), and ‐left AF (r = 0.287, P = 0.017). Significance Our results highlight that the presence and side of HS are crucial to understand the pathophysiology of MTLE. Specifically, left‐sided HS seems to be related to widespread bilateral white matter abnormalities. Future longitudinal studies should focus on developing diagnostic and treatment strategies dependent on HS's presence/side.

Published
2023
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49. MIR137 polygenic risk for schizophrenia and ephrin-regulated pathway: Role in lateral ventricles and corpus callosum volume

Author

Blokland, G.A.M., Maleki, N., Jovicich, J., Mesholam-Gately, R.I., DeLisi, L.E., Turner, J.A., Shenton, M.E., Voineskos, A.N., Kahn, R.S., Roffman, J.L., Holt, D.J., Ehrlich, S., Kikinis, Z., Dazzan, P., Murray, R.M., Lee, J., Sim, K., Lam, M., de Zwarte, S.M.C., Walton, E., Kelly, S., Picchioni, M.M., Bramon, E., Makris, N., David, A.S., Mondelli, V., Reinders, A.A.T.S., Oykhman, E., Morris, D.W., Gill, M., Corvin, A.P., Cahn, W., Ho, N., Liu, J., Gollub, R.L., Manoach, D.S., Calhoun, V.D., Sponheim, S.R., Buka, S.L., Cherkerzian, S., Thermenos, H.W., Dickie, E.W., Ciufolini, S., Reis Marques, T., Crossley, N.A., Purcell, S.M., Smoller, J.W., van Haren, N.E.M., Toulopoulou, T., Donohoe, G., Goldstein, J.M., Keshavan, M.S., Petryshen, T.L., and del Re, E.C.

Published
2024
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50. Immunomodulatory therapy in children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS, MIS-C; RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial

Author

Faust, Saul N, Haynes, Richard, Jones, Christine E, Staplin, Natalie, Whittaker, Elizabeth, Jaki, Thomas, Juszczak, Ed, Spata, Enti, Wan, Mandy, Bamford, Alasdair, Dimitri, Paul, Finn, Adam, Furness, John, Ramanan, Athimalaipet V, Gale, Christopher, Cathie, Katrina, Drysdale, Simon, Bernatoniene, Jolanta, Murray, Clare, Roehr, Charles C, Fleming, Paul, Riordan, Andrew, Bandi, Srini, Jyothish, Deepthi, Evans, Jennifer, Emonts, Marieke, Kelly, Dominic, Pathan, Nazima, Davies, Patrick, Hague, Rosie, Pollock, Louisa, Semple, Malcolm G, Peto, Leon, Baillie, J Kenneth, Buch, Maya, Jeffery, Katie, Knight, Marian, Lim, Wei Shen, Montgomery, Alan, Mukherjee, Aparna, Mumford, Andrew, Rowan, Kathryn, Thwaites, Guy, Mafham, Marion, Emberson, Jonathan, Landray, Martin J, Horby, Peter W, Chappell, Lucy, Day, Jeremy, Dung, DV, Quang, NN, Binh, Prof, Burhan, E, Alisjahbana, B, Koirala, J, Basnet, S, Kestelyn, E, Basnyat, B, Gyanwali, P, Hamers, RL, Sandercock, P, Darbyshire, J, DeMets, D, Fowler, R, Lalloo, D, Munavvar, M, Roberts, I, Warris, A, Wittes, J, Craddock-Bamford, A, Barton, J, Basoglu, A, Brown, R, Brudlo, W, Denis, E, Fletcher, L, Howard, S, Musini, S, Taylor, K, Cui, G, Goodenough, B, King, A, Lay, M, Murray, D, Stevens, W, Wallendszus, K, Welsh, R, Crichton, C, Davies, J, Goldacre, R, Harper, C, Knight, F, Nunn, M, Salih, H, Welch, J, Campbell, M, Pessoa-Amorim, G, Zayed, M, Wiles, J, Bagley, G, Cameron, S, Chamberlain, S, Farrell, B, Freeman, H, Kennedy, A, Whitehouse, A, Wilkinson, S, Wood, C, Reith, C, Davies, K, Halls, H, Holland, L, Truell, R, Wilson, K, Lingwood, Emma, Howie, L, Lunn, M, Rodgers, Penelope, Amuasi, J, Baird, K, Bao, T, Bittaye, M, Bonney, J, D'Alessandro, U, Dhimal, M, Huyen, T, Jagne, A, Karkey, A, Maiga, O, Matey, E, Nadjm, B, Nel, J, Pant, S, Puspatriani, K, Rahardjani, M, Raijal, S, Rees, H, Rimainar, A, Roberts, C, Rocca, A, Shrestha, S, Usuf, E, Vidaillic, C, Wulandari, F, Alexander, A, Amezaga, M, Armah, C, Asghar, A, Aubrey, P, Barker-Williams, K, Barnard, A, Bartholomew, J, Beaumont-Jewell, D, Beddows, S, Beety, J, Birch, C, Boyle, P, Brend, M, Brookes, M, Callens, C, Campbell, D, Campbell, H, Cate, H, Chambers, E, Chapman, K, Coe, A, Collins, J, Crawshaw, S, Das, S, De Soyza, A, Denton, E, Dicks, P, Dolman, M, Donaldson, K, Dowden, L, Dowling, S, Drake, C, Duckles-Leech, H, Duffy, H, Gerdes, L, Gibbons, K, Gill, L, Gilmour, K, Goodwin, J, Graham, J, Green, C, Hall, C, Hall, A, Hampshire, K, Hanson, J, Harman, T, Harper, H, Harrison, S, Hicks, J, Hodgson, H, Hough, M, Jackson, S, Johnson, G, Kirk, J, Lemoine, N, Levett, C, Lock, S, Lockett, T, Logan, M, Lomme, K, Luo, J, McMillan, N, Membrey, H, Mguni, N, Minton, J, Monaghan, H, Murphy, S, Muzengi, N, Naz, M, Nickson, I, Odam, M, Ohia, U, Okell, E, Oliver, A, Pearson, K, Pine, K, Pleass, R, Porter, D, Porter, L, Potter, A, Poustie, V, Pratt, S, Price, A, Priest, A, Rodgers, A, Rook, C, Ryan, P, Sam, S, Sharratt, P, Sheffield, J, Shenton, J, Shirley, K, Skinner, T, Slade, H, Sutu, M, Taylor, J, Thomas, E, Tinkler, H, Unsworth, A, Usher, R, van't Hoff, W, Walker, S, Walters, J, Walton, E, Warmington, J, Wayman, E, Williams, P, Williamson, J, Williamson, D, Yelnoorkar, F, Knight, M, Hodson, K, Pavord, S, Williamson, C, Bowman, L, Chen, F, Clarke, R, Goonasekara, M, Herrington, W, Judge, P, Ng, S, Preiss, D, Sammons, E, Zhu, D, Arkley, C, Bowker, P, Bruce, J, Byrne-Watts, V, Chapman, G, Coleman, G, Denwood, T, Gray, J, Harrison, D, Mather, N, Pinches, H, Rees, A, Rees, S, Turner, G, Abani, O, Abbas, A, Abbas, F, Abbas, J, Abbas, K, Abbas, M, Abbasi, S, Abbass, H, Abbott, A, Abdallah, N, Abdelaziz, A, Abdelfattah, M, Abdelqader, B, Abdul, A, Abdul, B, Abdul, S, Abdul Rasheed, A, Abdulakeem, A, Abdul-Kadir, R, Abdullah, A, Abdulmumeen, A, Abdul-Raheem, R, Abdulshukkoor, N, Abdusamad, K, Abed El Khaleq, Y, Abedalla, M, Abeer Ul Amna, A, Abel, L, Abernethy, K, Abeywickrema, M, Abhinaya, C, Aboaba, A, Aboagye-Odei, A, Aboelela, H, Abo-Leyah, H, Abouelela, K, Abou-Haggar, A, Abouibrahim, M, Abousamra, A, Abouzaid, M, Abraham, M, Abraham, T, Abraheem, A, Abrams, J, Abrams, R, Abu, H, Abu-Arafeh, A, Abubacker, S, Abung, A, Abusamra, Y, Aceampong, Y, Achara, A, Acharya, D, Acheampong, S, Acheampong, P, Acheson, J, Achieng, S, Acosta, A, Acquah, R, Acton, C, Adabie-Ankrah, J, Adair, P, Adam, F, Adam, M, Adamali, H, Adamczyk, M, Adams, C, Adams, D, Adams, K, Adams, L, Adams, N, Adams, R, Adams, T, Adamu-Ikeme, L, Adati, K, Adcock, K, Addo, A, Adeagbo, O, Adebiyi, A, Adedeji, O, Adegeye, Y, Adegoke, K, Adell, V, Adenwalla, S, Adeoye, F, Adesemoye, O, Adewunmi, E, Adeyanju, A, Adeyemi, J, Adeyemo, T, Adhikary, R, Aditya, A, Adkins, G, Adnan, A, Aeron-Thomas, J, Affleck, D, Afnan, C, Afridi, M, Aftab, Z, Agarwal, M, Agbeko, R, Agbo, C, Aggarwal, S, Aghababaie, A, Aguilar Jimenez, L, Ahamed Sadiq, S, Ahammed Nazeer, M, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, B, Ahmed, F, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, I, Ahmed, K, Ahmed, L, Ahmad, M, Ahmed, N, Ahmed, O, Ahmed, R, Ahmad, S, Ahmed, S H, Ahmed Ali, R, Ahmed Mohamud, B, Ahmer, S, Ahonia, A, Aiken, C, Ail, D, Ainsworth, M, Aissa, M, Aitken, L, Ajay, B, Ajibode, A, Ajmi, A, Akhtar, N, Akili, S, Akinbiyi, B, Akindolie, O, Akinfenwa, Y, Akinkugbe, O, Akinpelu, I, Akram, M, Aktinade, O, Akudi, U, Al Aaraj, A, Al Balushi, A, Al Dakhola, M, Al Swaifi, A, Al-Abadi, E, Alabi, A, Aladangady, N, Alafifi, M, Alam, A, Alam, S, Al-Asadi, A, Alatzoglou, K, Albert, P, Albon, L, Alcala, A, Alcorn, G, Alcorn, S, Aldana, A, Alderdice, D, Aldesouki, A, Aldouri, R, Aldridge, J, Aldridge, N, Alegria, A, Alexander, C, Alexander, J, Alexander, P, Al-Fori, J, Alghazawi, L, Alhabsha, O, Al-Hakim, B, Alhameed, R, Al-Hayali, M, Al-Hity, S, Ali, A, Ali, F, Ali, J, Ali, M, Ali, N, Ali, O, Ali, R, Ali, S, Aliberti, E, Alin, J, Alina, A, Alipustain, A, Aliyuda, F, Alizaedeh, K, Al-Jibury, M, Al-Juboori, S, Al-Khalil, M, Alkhudhayri, A, Alkhusheh, M, Allan, F, Allan, N, Allanson, A, Allcock, R, Allen, E, Allen, J, Allen, K, Allen, L, Allen, P, Allen, R, Allen, S, Allen, T, Alli, A, Allison, K, Allman, B, Allsup, D, Allsop, H, Allsop, L, Almahroos, A, Al-Moasseb, H, Al-Obaidi, M, Alomari, L, Al-Rabahi, A, Al-Ramadhani, B, Al-Saadi, Z, Al-Sammarraie, R, Alshaer, I, Al-Shahi Salman, R, Al-Shamkhani, W, Alsheikh, F, Al-Sheklly, B, Altaf, S, Alty, A, Alvarez, M, Alvarez Corral, M, Alveyn, E, Alzetani, M, Amamou, S, Amar, N, Ambalavanan, S, Ambrogetti, R, Ambrose, C, Ameen, A, Ames, K, Amin, A, Amin, K, Amin, S, Amin, T, Amit, B, Amjad, A, Amjad, N, Amosun, V, Amsal, M, Amsha, K, Amutio Martin, N, Amy, P, Anada, A, Anand, A, Anandappa, S, Anantapatnaikuni, S, Anderson, E, Anderson, J, Anderson, L, Anderson, M, Anderson, N, Anderson, R, Anderson, S, Anderson, W, Andreou, P, Andrews, A, Andrews, J, Aneke, K, Ang, A, Ang, W, Angel, T, Angela, A, Angelini, P, Anguvaa, L, Anichtchik, O, Anim-Somuah, M, Aniruddhan, K, Annett, J, Anning, L, Anstey, P, Anstey, R, Anthony, A, Anthony-Pillai, A, Antill, P, Antonnia, Z, Anu, V, Anwar, M, Apetri, E, Apostolopoulos, A, Appleby, S, Appleyard, D, Aquino, M, Araba, B, Aransiola, S, Araujo, M, Archer, A, Archer, D, Archer, S, Arcoria, D, Ardley, C, Arias, A, Aribike, O, Arimoto, R, Armata, I, Armistead, J, Armitage, A, Armstrong, C, Armstrong, M, Armstrong, S, Armstrong, W, Armtrong, P, Arndt, H, Arnison-Newgass, C, Arnold, D, Arnold, R, Arnott, A, Arora, D, Arora, R, Arora, K, Arora, P, Arter, A, Arumaithurai, A, Arya, A, Arya, R, Asandei, D, Asghar, M, Ashab, M, Ashbrook-Raby, C, Ashby, H, Ashcroft, J, Ashcroft, S, Asher, G, Ashfak, Z, Ashfaq, A, Ashish, A, Ashley, D, Ashman-Flavell, S, Ashok, S, Ashour, A, Ashraf, S, Ashraf, M, Ashraq, M, Ashton, D, Ashton, S, Ashworth, A, Ashworth, F, Ashworth, R, Aslam, A, Aslam, I, Aslam, S, Aslett, L, Asogan, H, Asrar, A, Assaf, O, Astin-Chamberlain, R, Athorne, D, Atkins, B, Atkins, C, Atkins, S, Atkinson, J, Atkinson, V, Atomode, A, Atraskiewicz, B, Attia, A, Attubato, E, Attwood, M, Auer, Z, Aujayeb, A, Aung, A, Aung, H, Aung, K, Aung, N, Aung, Y, Aung, Z, Austin, E, Austin, K, Auwal, A, Avari, M, Avery, M, Aveyard, N, Avis, J, Aviss, G, Avram, C, Avram, P, Awadelkareem, A, Awadzi, G, Awaly, M, Awan, A, Awoseyila, A, Aya, A, Ayaz, E, Ayers, A, Azam, J, Azeem, A, Azharuddin, M, Aziz, A, Aziz, G, Aziz, I, Aziz, N, Azkoul, A, Azman Shah, A, Azzopardi, G, Azzoug, H, Babatunde, F, Babi, M, Babiker, B, Babington, G, Babirecki, M, Babores, M, Babs-Osibodu, A, Bacciarelli, S, Bachar, R, Bachour, M, Bacon, G, Bacon, J, Badal, B, Bader, M, Badhan, G, Badhrinarayanan, S, Bae, J, Baggaley, A, Baggott, A, Bagmane, D, Bagshaw, L, Bahadori, K, Bailey, A, Bailey, J, Bailey, K, Bailey, L, Bailey, M, Bailey, P, Bailey, S, Baillie, H, Baillie, J, Bain, J, Bains, V, Baird, D, Baird, E, Baird, S, Baird, T, Baird, Y, Bajandouh, A, Baker, D, Baker, E, Baker, J, Baker, K, Baker, M, Baker, R, Baker, T, Baker, V, Bakere, H, Bakerly, N, Baker-Moffatt, M, Bakhai, A, Bakhtiar, N, Bakoulas, P, Bakthavatsalam, D, Balachandran, N, Balan, A, Balasingam, P, Balaskas, T, Balasubramania, M, Balatoni, N, Balcombe, A, Baldwin, A, Baldwin, C, Baldwin, D, Baldwin, F, Baldwin-Jones, R, Bale, N, Balfour, J, Ball, R, Ball, M, Ballard, K, Balluz, I, Balmforth, C, Balogh, E, Baltmr, A, Baluwala, A, Bambridge, G, Bamford, P, Bamford, A, Bamgboye, A, Bancroft, H, Bancroft, E, Banda, J, Bandaru, K, Bandla, N, Bandyopadhyam, S, Banerjee, A, Banerjee, R, Bani-Saad, O, Banks, H, Banks, L, Banks, P, Bann, C, Bannister, H, Bannister, O, Banton, L, Baptist, M, Baqai, T, Baral, A, Baramova, D, Barbe, R, Barbon, E, Barbosa, M, Barbour, J, Barclay, A, Barclay, C, Bardsley, G, Bareford, S, Bari, S, Barker, A, Barker, D, Barker, E, Barker, H, Barker, J, Barker, L, Barker, O, Barkha, S, Barla, J, Barlow, G, Barlow, R, Barlow, V, Barnacle, J, Barnes, D, Barnes, N, Barnes, R, Barnes, T, Barnetson, C, Barnett, A, Barnett-Vanes, A, Barnsley, W, Barr, A, Barr, C, Barr, D, Barr, J, Barratt, N, Barratt, S, Barrera, M, Barrett, A, Barrett, F, Barrett, J, Barrett, S, Barrow, E, Bartlett, C, Bartlett, G, Bartlett, J, Bartlett, L, Bartley, S, Bartolmeu-Pires, S, Barton, A, Barton, G, Barton, L, Barton, R, Baruah, R, Baryschpolec, S, Bashir, H, Bashyal, A, Basker, B, Basran, A, Bassett, G, Bassett, J, Bassford, C, Bassoy, B, Bastion, V, Basumatary, A, Basvi, P, Bataduwaarachchi, V, Bate, T, Bateman, H, Bateman, K, Bateman, V, Bates, E, Bates, H, Bates, M, Bates, S, Batham, S, Batista, A, Batla, A, Batra, D, Batty, A, Batty, H, Batty, T, Baum, M, Baumbe, R, Bautista, C, Bawa, T, Bawa, F, Bawani, F, Bax, S, Baxter, M, Baxter, N, Baxter, Z, Bayes, H, Bayo, L-A, Bazari, F, Bazaz, R, Bazli, A, Beacham, L, Beadles, W, Beadon, K, Beak, P, Beale, A, Beard, K, Beardsal, K, Bearpark, J, Beasley, A, Beattie, S, Beaumont, K, Beaver, T, Beavis, S, Beazley, C, Beck, S, Beckett, V, Beckitt, R, Beckley, S, Beddall, H, Beeby, D, Beeby, S, Beech, G, Beecroft, M, Beer, S, Beer, N, Bega, G, Begg, A, Begg, S, Beghini, S, Begum, A, Begum, S, Behan, 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