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1. The 33 M$_\odot$ black hole Gaia BH3 is part of the disrupted ED-2 star cluster

Author: Balbinot, E., Dodd, E., Matsuno, T., Lardo, C., Helmi, A., Panuzzo, P., Mazeh, T., Holl, B., Caffau, E., Jorissen, A., Babusiaux, C., Gavras, P., Wyrzykowski, L., Eyer, L., Leclerc, N., Bombrun, A., Mowlavi, N., Seabroke, G. M., Cabrera-Ziri, I., Callingham, T. M., Ruiz-Lara, T., and Starkenburg, E.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The Gaia Collaboration has recently reported the detection of a 33 M$_\odot$ black hole in a wide binary system located in the Solar neighbourhood. Here we explore the relationship between this black hole, known as Gaia BH3, and the nearby ED-2 halo stellar stream. We study the orbital characteristics of the Gaia BH3 binary and present measurements of the chemical abundances of ED-2 member stars derived from high-resolution spectra obtained with the VLT. We find that the Galactic orbit of the Gaia BH3 system and its metallicity are entirely consistent with being part of the ED-2 stream. The characteristics of the stream, particularly its negligible spread in metallicity and in other chemical elements as well as its single stellar population, suggest that it originated from a disrupted star cluster of low mass. Its age is comparable to that of the globular cluster M92 that has been estimated to be as old as the Universe. This is the first black hole unambiguously associated with a disrupted star cluster. We infer a plausible mass range for the cluster to be relatively narrow, between $2\times 10^3M_\odot$ and $4.2\times 10^4M_\odot$. This implies that the black hole could have formed directly from the collapse of a massive very-metal-poor star, but that the alternative scenario of binary interactions inside the cluster environment also deserves to be explored., Comment: Submitted to A&A Letters; updated author list
Published: 2024
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2. Discovery of a dormant 33 solar-mass black hole in pre-release Gaia astrometry

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Panuzzo, P., Mazeh, T., Arenou, F., Holl, B., Caffau, E., Jorissen, A., Babusiaux, C., Gavras, P., Sahlmann, J., Bastian, U., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Eyer, L., Leclerc, N., Bauchet, N., Bombrun, A., Mowlavi, N., Seabroke, G. M., Teyssier, D., Balbinot, E., Helmi, A., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Barbier, A., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Nicolas, C., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Soubiran, C., Thévenin, F., van Leeuwen, F., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bakker, J., Blomme, R., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Sordo, R., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Altmann, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cacciari, C., Cánovas, H., Carrasco, J. M., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Garcia, E. Fraile, Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Jamal, S., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Campos, M. Nuñez, Oreshina-Slezak, I., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Weingrill, K., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Ahmed, S., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baig, S., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bashi, D., Bassilana, J. -L., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Braine, J., Bratsolis, E., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Camut, A., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Guilarte, D. Capilla, Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Casey, A., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Ceraj, L., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chaudet, C., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Chosson, D., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Reyes, M. Cruz, Dafonte, C., Ponte, M. Dal, David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Denis, E., Dharmawardena, T. E., Di Giacomo, F., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatović, M., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Serrano, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., González-Santamaría, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, M., Barrera, V. Gregori, Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Kaczmarek, Z., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., López-Miralles, J., Loup, C., Madarász, M., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marinoni, S., Marcellino, C. P., Marshall, D. J., Mascarenhas, D., Marchant, J. M., Lozano, J. Martín, Masip, A., Marconi, M., Pina, D. Marín, Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J. G. Marton, Merc, J., Messina, S., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Mohamed, D., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Monti, L., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morris, D., Mudimadugula, R., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nardetto, N., Navarrete, C., Oh, S., Ordenovic, C., Orenstein, O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Pawlak, M., Penttilä, A., Pesciullesi, P., Pinamonti, M., Plachy, E., Planquart, L., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Price-Whelan, A. M., Pulone, L., Rabin, V., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ratajczak, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robert, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Sarmiento, M. H., Riera, C. Sarrate, Sciacca, E., Ségransan, D., Semczuk, M., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Slezak18, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tepper-Garcia, T., Thuillot, W., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Trentin, E., Tsantaki, M., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Valtchanov, I., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Villar, E., Weiler, M., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Župić, A., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Gravitational waves from black-hole merging events have revealed a population of extra-galactic BHs residing in short-period binaries with masses that are higher than expected based on most stellar evolution models - and also higher than known stellar-origin black holes in our Galaxy. It has been proposed that those high-mass BHs are the remnants of massive metal-poor stars. Gaia astrometry is expected to uncover many Galactic wide-binary systems containing dormant BHs, which may not have been detected before. The study of this population will provide new information on the BH-mass distribution in binaries and shed light on their formation mechanisms and progenitors. As part of the validation efforts in preparation for the fourth Gaia data release (DR4), we analysed the preliminary astrometric binary solutions, obtained by the Gaia Non-Single Star pipeline, to verify their significance and to minimise false-detection rates in high-mass-function orbital solutions. The astrometric binary solution of one source, Gaia BH3, implies the presence of a 32.70 \pm 0.82 M\odot BH in a binary system with a period of 11.6 yr. Gaia radial velocities independently validate the astrometric orbit. Broad-band photometric and spectroscopic data show that the visible component is an old, very metal-poor giant of the Galactic halo, at a distance of 590 pc. The BH in the Gaia BH3 system is more massive than any other Galactic stellar-origin BH known thus far. The low metallicity of the star companion supports the scenario that metal-poor massive stars are progenitors of the high-mass BHs detected by gravitational-wave telescopes. The Galactic orbit of the system and its metallicity indicate that it might belong to the Sequoia halo substructure. Alternatively, and more plausibly, it could belong to the ED-2 stream, which likely originated from a globular cluster that had been disrupted by the Milky Way., Comment: 23 pages, accepted fro publication in A&A Letters. New version with small fixes
Published: 2024
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3. Gaia Focused Product Release: Sources from Service Interface Function image analysis -- Half a million new sources in omega Centauri

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Weingrill, K., Mints, A., Castañeda, J., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Davidson, M., De Angeli, F., Hernández, J., Torra, F., Ramos-Lerate, M., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Crowley, C., Evans, D. W., Lindegren, L., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Palaversa, L., Mieres, D. Ruz, Tisanić, K., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Barbier, A., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Audard, M., Bakker, J., Blomme, R., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., de Teodoro, P., Delchambre, L., DellÓro, A., Garcia, E. Fraile, Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Torres, N. Garralda, Gavras, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Jamal, S., Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Campos, M. Nuñez, Oreshina-Slezak, I., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bashi, D., Bauchet, N., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Braine, J., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzo, S., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Collins, R., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Crosta, M., Dafonte, C., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Durán, J., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatović, M., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, M., Barrera, V. Gregori, Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Henares, K., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jabłońska, M., Jansen, F., Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Kóspál, Á, Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loup, C., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marshall, D. J., Lozano, J. Martín, Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mowlavi, N., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nieto, S., Noval, L., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Panem, C., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Pegoraro, L., Penttilä, A., Pesciullesi, P., Piersimoni, A. M., Pinamonti, M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ratajczak, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Riera, C. Sarrate, Sciacca, E., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spina, L., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsantaki, M., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zwitter, T., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Leclerc, N., Morgenthaler, S., Robert, G., and Zucker, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Gaia's readout window strategy is challenged by very dense fields in the sky. Therefore, in addition to standard Gaia observations, full Sky Mapper (SM) images were recorded for nine selected regions in the sky. A new software pipeline exploits these Service Interface Function (SIF) images of crowded fields (CFs), making use of the availability of the full two-dimensional (2D) information. This new pipeline produced half a million additional Gaia sources in the region of the omega Centauri ($\omega$ Cen) cluster, which are published with this Focused Product Release. We discuss the dedicated SIF CF data reduction pipeline, validate its data products, and introduce their Gaia archive table. Our aim is to improve the completeness of the {\it Gaia} source inventory in a very dense region in the sky, $\omega$ Cen. An adapted version of {\it Gaia}'s Source Detection and Image Parameter Determination software located sources in the 2D SIF CF images. We validated the results by comparing them to the public {\it Gaia} DR3 catalogue and external Hubble Space Telescope data. With this Focused Product Release, 526\,587 new sources have been added to the {\it Gaia} catalogue in $\omega$ Cen. Apart from positions and brightnesses, the additional catalogue contains parallaxes and proper motions, but no meaningful colour information. While SIF CF source parameters generally have a lower precision than nominal {\it Gaia} sources, in the cluster centre they increase the depth of the combined catalogue by three magnitudes and improve the source density by a factor of ten. This first SIF CF data publication already adds great value to the {\it Gaia} catalogue. It demonstrates what to expect for the fourth {\it Gaia} catalogue, which will contain additional sources for all nine SIF CF regions.
Published: 2023
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4. Gaia Focused Product Release: A catalogue of sources around quasars to search for strongly lensed quasars

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Krone-Martins, A., Ducourant, C., Galluccio, L., Delchambre, L., Oreshina-Slezak, I., Teixeira, R., Braine, J., Campion, J. -F. Le, Mignard, F., Roux, W., Blazere, A., Pegoraro, L., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Barbier, A., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Audard, M., Bakker, J., Blomme, R., Castaneda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Guerrier, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Canovas, H., Carry, B., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Dell'Oro, A., Garcia, E. Fraile, Garabato, D., Garcia-Lario, P., Torres, N. Garralda, Gavras, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hernandez, J., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Jamal, S., Jordan, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Loffler, W., Lorca, A., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Campos, M. Nunez, Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Weingrill, K., Abbas, U., Abraham, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolome, S., Bashi, D., Bauchet, N., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzo, S., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Collins, R., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Duran, J., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatovic, M., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, M., Barrera, V. Gregori, Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Henares, K., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jablonska, M., Jansen, F., Jimenez-Arranz, O., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Kospal, A., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loup, C., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Pina, D. Marin, Marinoni, S., Marshall, D. J., Lozano, J. Martin, Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Monari, G., Monguio, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mowlavi, N., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nieto, S., Noval, L., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Panem, C., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Penttila, A., Pesciullesi, P., Piersimoni, A. M., Pinamonti, M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ratajczak, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Nunez, A. Saez, Selles, A. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santovena, R., Sarasso, M., Riera, C. Sarrate, Sciacca, E., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spina, L., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmuller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Tisanic, K., Tolomei, L., Torra, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsantaki, M., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wyrzykowski, L., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zwitter, T., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Leclerc, N., Morgenthaler, S., Robert, G., and Zucker, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. Strongly lensed quasars are fundamental sources for cosmology. The Gaia space mission covers the entire sky with the unprecedented resolution of $0.18$" in the optical, making it an ideal instrument to search for gravitational lenses down to the limiting magnitude of 21. Nevertheless, the previous Gaia Data Releases are known to be incomplete for small angular separations such as those expected for most lenses. Aims. We present the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium GravLens pipeline, which was built to analyse all Gaia detections around quasars and to cluster them into sources, thus producing a catalogue of secondary sources around each quasar. We analysed the resulting catalogue to produce scores that indicate source configurations that are compatible with strongly lensed quasars. Methods. GravLens uses the DBSCAN unsupervised clustering algorithm to detect sources around quasars. The resulting catalogue of multiplets is then analysed with several methods to identify potential gravitational lenses. We developed and applied an outlier scoring method, a comparison between the average BP and RP spectra of the components, and we also used an extremely randomised tree algorithm. These methods produce scores to identify the most probable configurations and to establish a list of lens candidates. Results. We analysed the environment of 3 760 032 quasars. A total of 4 760 920 sources, including the quasars, were found within 6" of the quasar positions. This list is given in the Gaia archive. In 87\% of cases, the quasar remains a single source, and in 501 385 cases neighbouring sources were detected. We propose a list of 381 lensed candidates, of which we identified 49 as the most promising. Beyond these candidates, the associate tables in this Focused Product Release allow the entire community to explore the unique Gaia data for strong lensing studies further., Comment: 35 pages, 60 figures, accepted for publication by Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2023
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5. Gaia Focused Product Release: Radial velocity time series of long-period variables

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Trabucchi, M., Mowlavi, N., Lebzelter, T., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Audard, M., Eyer, L., García-Lario, P., Gavras, P., Holl, B., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Nienartowicz, K., Rimoldini, L., Sartoretti, P., Blomme, R., Frémat, Y., Marchal, O., Damerdji, Y., Brown, A. G. A., Guerrier, A., Panuzzo, P., Katz, D., Seabroke, G. M., Benson, K., Haigron, R., Smith, M., Lobel, A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Barbier, A., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Randich, S., Smiljanic, R., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Lattanzi, M. G., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Galluccio, L., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nicolas, C., Pailler, F., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Garcia, E. Fraile, Garabato, D., Torres, N. Garralda, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hernández, J., Hodgkin, S. T., Jamal, S., Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Campos, M. Nuñez, Oreshina-Slezak, I., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M., Siopis, C., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Weingrill, K., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bashi, D., Bauchet, N., Baudeau, N., Becciani, U., Bedin, L. R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bellazzini, M., Beordo, W., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertolotto, C., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Braine, J., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzo, S., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carton, S., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Cesare, V., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Collins, R., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dsilva, K., Durán, J., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fatović, M., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Gai, M., Galinier, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., Gosset, E., Granvik, M., Barrera, V. Gregori, Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Henares, K., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hottier, C., Huckle, H. E., Jabłońska, M., Jansen, F., Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kun, M., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Lecoutre, G., Liao, S., Liberato, L., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Loup, C., Mahy, L., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marshall, D. J., Lozano, J. Martín, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Meichsner, J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Nieto, S., Noval, L., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Panem, C., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Pegoraro, L., Penttilä, A., Pesciullesi, P., Piersimoni, A. M., Pinamonti, M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Pourbaix, D., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ratajczak, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Riera, C. Sarrate, Sciacca, E., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Shahaf, S., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spina, L., Spitoni, E., Spoto, F., Squillante, L. A., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tisanić, K., Tolomei, L., Torra, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Tsantaki, M., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zwitter, T., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Leclerc, N., Morgenthaler, S., Robert, G., and Zucker, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The third Gaia Data Release (DR3) provided photometric time series of more than 2 million long-period variable (LPV) candidates. Anticipating the publication of full radial-velocity (RV) in DR4, this Focused Product Release (FPR) provides RV time series for a selection of LPVs with high-quality observations. We describe the production and content of the Gaia catalog of LPV RV time series, and the methods used to compute variability parameters published in the Gaia FPR. Starting from the DR3 LPVs catalog, we applied filters to construct a sample of sources with high-quality RV measurements. We modeled their RV and photometric time series to derive their periods and amplitudes, and further refined the sample by requiring compatibility between the RV period and at least one of the $G$, $G_{\rm BP}$, or $G_{\rm RP}$ photometric periods. The catalog includes RV time series and variability parameters for 9\,614 sources in the magnitude range $6\lesssim G/{\rm mag}\lesssim 14$, including a flagged top-quality subsample of 6\,093 stars whose RV periods are fully compatible with the values derived from the $G$, $G_{\rm BP}$, and $G_{\rm RP}$ photometric time series. The RV time series contain a mean of 24 measurements per source taken unevenly over a duration of about three years. We identify the great most sources (88%) as genuine LPVs, with about half of them showing a pulsation period and the other half displaying a long secondary period. The remaining 12% consists of candidate ellipsoidal binaries. Quality checks against RVs available in the literature show excellent agreement. We provide illustrative examples and cautionary remarks. The publication of RV time series for almost 10\,000 LPVs constitutes, by far, the largest such database available to date in the literature. The availability of simultaneous photometric measurements gives a unique added value to the Gaia catalog (abridged), Comment: 36 pages, 38 figures
Published: 2023

6. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey: Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products

Author: Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Prieto, C. Allende, Blomme, R., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. V., Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Apellaniz, J. Maiz, Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I., Prusti, T., Rix, H. -W., Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V., Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V., Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Merle, T., Mikolaitis, S., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, B., Heiter, U., Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, P. S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V., Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Albarran, M. L. Gutierrez, Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H. -G., Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I., Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., and Zucker, D. B.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100,000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper (arXiv:2206.02901) introduces the survey results. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202,000 spectra of 115,000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022., Comment: 38 pages. A&A in press
Published: 2022
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7. Gaia Data Release 3: Summary of the content and survey properties

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Vallenari, A., Brown, A. G. A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordoørcit, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Jorissen, A., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylo, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present the third data release of the European Space Agency's Gaia mission, GDR3. The GDR3 catalogue is the outcome of the processing of raw data collected with the Gaia instruments during the first 34 months of the mission by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium. The GDR3 catalogue contains the same source list, celestial positions, proper motions, parallaxes, and broad band photometry in the G, G$_{BP}$, and G$_{RP}$ pass-bands already present in the Early Third Data Release. GDR3 introduces an impressive wealth of new data products. More than 33 million objects in the ranges $G_{rvs} < 14$ and $3100
Published: 2022
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8. Solid confirmation of the broad DIB around 864.8 nm using stacked Gaia-RVS spectra

Author: Zhao, H., Schultheis, M., Zwitter, T., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Panuzzo, P., Sartoretti, P., Seabroke, G. M., Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Kordopatis, G., Creevey, O. L., Dharmawardena, T. E., Frémat, Y., Sordo, R., Drimmel, R., Marshall, D. J., Palicio, P. A., Contursi, G., Álvarez, M. A., Baker, S., Benson, K., Cropper, M., Dolding, C., Huckle, H. E., Smith, M., Marchal, O., Ordenovic, C., Pailler, F., and Slezak, I.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Studies of the correlation between different diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are important for exploring their origins. However, the Gaia-RVS spectral window between 846 and 870 nm contains few DIBs, the strong DIB at 862 nm being the only convincingly confirmed one. Here we attempt to confirm the existence of a broad DIB around 864.8 nm and estimate its characteristics using the stacked Gaia-RVS spectra of a large number of stars. We study the correlations between the two DIBs at 862 nm and 864.8 nm, as well as the interstellar extinction. We obtained spectra of the interstellar medium absorption by subtracting the stellar components using templates constructed from real spectra at high Galactic latitudes with low extinctions. We then stacked the ISM spectra in Galactic coordinates, pixelized by the HEALPix scheme, to measure the DIBs. The stacked spectrum is modeled by the profiles of the two DIBs, Gaussian for $\lambda$862 and Lorentzian for $\lambda$864.8, and a linear continuum. We obtain 8458 stacked spectra in total, of which 1103 (13%) have reliable fitting results after applying numerous conservative filters. This work is the first of its kind to fit and measure $\lambda$862 and $\lambda$864.8 simultaneously in cool-star spectra. We find that the EWs and CDs of the two DIBs are well correlated with each other. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of $\lambda$864.8 is estimated as $1.62 \pm 0.33$ nm which compares to $0.55 \pm 0.06$ nm for $\lambda$862. We also measure the vacuum rest-frame wavelength of $\lambda$864.8 to be $\lambda_0 = 864.53 \pm 0.14$ nm, smaller than previous estimates. We find a solid confirmation of the existence of the DIB around 864.8 nm based on an exploration of its correlation with $\lambda$862 and estimation of its FWHM. $\lambda$862 correlates better with E(BP-RP) than $\lambda$864.8., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, accepted by A&A Letters
Published: 2022
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9. Gaia Data Release 3: Reflectance spectra of Solar System small bodies

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Galluccio, L., Delbo, M., De Angeli, F., Pauwels, T., Tanga, P., Mignard, F., Cellino, A., Brown, A. G. A., Muinonen, K., Penttila, A., Jordan, S., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nunez, Delchambre, L., Oro, A. Dell, Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janssen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núnez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núnez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hadczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kospál, A, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszynska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocana, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Penalosa, Petit, J. -M., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núnez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santovena, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The Gaia mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) has been routinely observing Solar System objects (SSOs) since the beginning of its operations in August 2014. The Gaia data release three (DR3) includes, for the first time, the mean reflectance spectra of a selected sample of 60 518 SSOs, primarily asteroids, observed between August 5, 2014, and May 28, 2017. Each reflectance spectrum was derived from measurements obtained by means of the Blue and Red photometers (BP/RP), which were binned in 16 discrete wavelength bands. We describe the processing of the Gaia spectral data of SSOs, explaining both the criteria used to select the subset of asteroid spectra published in Gaia DR3, and the different steps of our internal validation procedures. In order to further assess the quality of Gaia SSO reflectance spectra, we carried out external validation against SSO reflectance spectra obtained from ground-based and space-borne telescopes and available in the literature. For each selected SSO, an epoch reflectance was computed by dividing the calibrated spectrum observed by the BP/RP at each transit on the focal plane by the mean spectrum of a solar analogue. The latter was obtained by averaging the Gaia spectral measurements of a selected sample of stars known to have very similar spectra to that of the Sun. Finally, a mean of the epoch reflectance spectra was calculated in 16 spectral bands for each SSO. The agreement between Gaia mean reflectance spectra and those available in the literature is good for bright SSOs, regardless of their taxonomic spectral class. We identify an increase in the spectral slope of S-type SSOs with increasing phase angle. Moreover, we show that the spectral slope increases and the depth of the 1 um absorption band decreases for increasing ages of S-type asteroid families., Comment: 30 pages, 26 figures
Published: 2022
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10. Gaia Data Release 3: Properties of the line broadening parameter derived with the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS)

Author: Frémat, Y., Royer, F., Marchal, O., Blomme, R., Sartoretti, P., Guerrier, A., Panuzzo, P., Katz, D., Seabroke, G. M., Thévenin, F., Cropper, M., Benson, K., Damerdji, Y., Haigron, R., Lobel, A., Smith, M., Baker, S. G., Chemin, L., David, M., Dolding, C., Gosset, E., Janßen, K., Jasniewicz, G., Plum, G., Samaras, N., Snaith, O., Soubiran, C., Vanel, O., Zorec, J., Zwitter, T., Brouillet, N., Caffau, E., Crifo, F., Fabre, C., Fragkoudi, F., Huckle, H. E., Lasne, Y., Leclerc, N., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, and Viala, Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The third release of the Gaia catalogue contains the radial velocities for 33,812,183 stars having effective temperatures ranging from 3100 K to 14,500 K. The measurements are based on the comparison of the observed RVS spectrum (wavelength coverage: 846--870 nm, median resolving power: 11,500) to synthetic data broadened to the adequate Along-Scan Line Spread Function. The additional line-broadening, fitted as it would only be due to axial rotation, is also produced by the pipeline and is available in the catalogue (field name gaia_source:vbroad). To describe the properties of the line-broadening information extracted from the RVS and published in the catalogue, as well as to analyse the limitations imposed by the adopted method, wavelength range, and instrument. We use simulations to express the link existing between the line broadening measurement provided in Gaia Data Release 3 and Vsin(i). We then compare the observed values to the measurements published by various catalogues and surveys (GALAH, APOGEE, LAMOST, ...). While we recommend being cautious in the interpretation of the vbroad measurement, we also find a reasonable global agreement between the Gaia Data Release 3 line broadening values and those found in the other catalogues. We discuss and establish the validity domain of the published vbroad values. The estimate tends to be overestimated at the lower vsini end, and at $T_\mathrm{eff}>7500\,\mathrm{K}$ its quality and significance degrade rapidly when $G_\mathrm{RVS}>10$. Despite all the known and reported limitations, the Gaia Data Release 3 line broadening catalogue contains the measurements obtained for 3,524,677 stars with $T_\mathrm{eff}$\ ranging from 3500 to 14,500 K, and $G_\mathrm{RVS}<12$. It gathers the largest stellar sample ever considered for the purpose, and allows a first mapping of the \Gaia\ line broadening parameter across the HR diagram., Comment: 19 pages, 17 figures, see https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dr3-papers Paper accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics on 23th June 2022
Published: 2022
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11. Gaia Data Release 3 Properties and validation of the radial velocities

Author: Katz, D., Sartoretti, P., Guerrier, A., Panuzzo, P., Seabroke, G. M., Thévenin, F., Cropper, M., Benson, K., Blomme, R., Haigron, R., Marchal, O., Smith, M., Baker, S., Chemin, L., Damerdji, Y., David, M., Dolding, C., Frémat, Y., Gosset, E., Janßen, K., Jasniewicz, G., Lobel, A., Plum, G., Samaras, N., Snaith, O., Soubiran, C., Vanel, O., Zwitter, T., Antoja, T., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Brouillet, N., Caffau, E., Di Matteo, P., Fabre, C., Fabricius, C., Frakgoudi, F., Haywood, M., Huckle, H. E., Hottier, C., Lasne, Y., Leclerc, N., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Royer, F., Teyssier, D., Zorec, J., Crifo, F., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Turon, C., and Viala, Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Gaia Data Release 3 (Gaia DR3) contains the second release of the combined radial velocities. It is based on the spectra collected during the first 34 months of the nominal mission. The longer time baseline and the improvements of the pipeline made it possible to push the processing limit, from Grvs = 12 in Gaia DR2, to Grvs = 14 mag. In this article, we describe the new functionalities implemented for Gaia DR3, the quality filters applied during processing and post-processing and the properties and performance of the published velocities. For Gaia DR3, several functionalities were upgraded or added. (Abridged) Gaia DR3 contains the combined radial velocities of 33 812 183 stars. With respect to Gaia DR2, the interval of temperature has been expanded from Teff \in [3600, 6750] K to Teff \in [3100, 14500] K for the bright stars ( Grvs \leq 12 mag) and [3100, 6750] K for the fainter stars. The radial velocities sample a significant part of the Milky Way: they reach a few kilo-parsecs beyond the Galactic centre in the disc and up to about 10-15 kpc vertically into the inner halo. The median formal precision of the velocities is of 1.3 km/s at Grvs = 12 and 6.4 km/s at Grvs = 14 mag. The velocity zero point exhibits a small systematic trend with magnitude starting around Grvs = 11 mag and reaching about 400 m/s at Grvs = 14 mag. A correction formula is provided, which can be applied to the published data. The Gaia DR3 velocity scale is in satisfactory agreement with APOGEE, GALAH, GES and RAVE, with systematic differences that mostly do not exceed a few hundreds m/s. The properties of the radial velocities are also illustrated with specific objects: open clusters, globular clusters as well as the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). For example, the precision of the data allows to map the line-of-sight rotational velocities of the globular cluster 47 Tuc and of the LMC., Comment: Sumitted to A&A
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Gaia Data Release 3: Mapping the asymmetric disc of the Milky Way

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Drimmel, R., Romero-Gomez, M., Chemin, L., Ramos, P., Poggio, E., Ripepi, V., Andrae, R., Blomme, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Castro-Ginard, A., Clementini, G., Figueras, F., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Jardine, K., Khanna, S., Lobel, A., Marshall, D. J., Muraveva, T., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordoørcit, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Jorissen, A., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylo, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: With the most recent Gaia data release the number of sources with complete 6D phase space information (position and velocity) has increased to well over 33 million stars, while stellar astrophysical parameters are provided for more than 470 million sources, in addition to the identification of over 11 million variable stars. Using the astrophysical parameters and variability classifications provided in Gaia DR3, we select various stellar populations to explore and identify non-axisymmetric features in the disc of the Milky Way in both configuration and velocity space. Using more about 580 thousand sources identified as hot OB stars, together with 988 known open clusters younger than 100 million years, we map the spiral structure associated with star formation 4-5 kpc from the Sun. We select over 2800 Classical Cepheids younger than 200 million years, which show spiral features extending as far as 10 kpc from the Sun in the outer disc. We also identify more than 8.7 million sources on the red giant branch (RGB), of which 5.7 million have line-of-sight velocities, allowing the velocity field of the Milky Way to be mapped as far as 8 kpc from the Sun, including the inner disc. The spiral structure revealed by the young populations is consistent with recent results using Gaia EDR3 astrometry and source lists based on near infrared photometry, showing the Local (Orion) arm to be at least 8 kpc long, and an outer arm consistent with what is seen in HI surveys, which seems to be a continuation of the Perseus arm into the third quadrant. Meanwhile, the subset of RGB stars with velocities clearly reveals the large scale kinematic signature of the bar in the inner disc, as well as evidence of streaming motions in the outer disc that might be associated with spiral arms or bar resonances. (abridged), Comment: 35 pages, 27 figures, accepted for publication in A&A special Gaia DR3 issue. V2: abstract completed. V3: complete author list and link to data: https://drive.google.com/drive/u/1/folders/1yOJPjYmM7QK5XVsqaiSOTuwDQNti2LlZ
Published: 2022
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13. Gaia Data Release 3: Pulsations in main sequence OBAF-type stars

Author: Gaia Collaboration, De Ridder, J., Ripepi, V., Aerts, C., Palaversa, L., Eyer, L., Holl, B., Audard, M., Rimoldini, L., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hilger, T., Hodgkin, S. T., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The third Gaia data release provides photometric time series covering 34 months for about 10 million stars. For many of those stars, a characterisation in Fourier space and their variability classification are also provided. This paper focuses on intermediate- to high-mass (IHM) main sequence pulsators M >= 1.3 Msun) of spectral types O, B, A, or F, known as beta Cep, slowly pulsating B (SPB), delta Sct, and gamma Dor stars. These stars are often multi-periodic and display low amplitudes, making them challenging targets to analyse with sparse time series. All datasets used in this analysis are part of the Gaia DR3 data release. The photometric time series were used to perform a Fourier analysis, while the global astrophysical parameters necessary for the empirical instability strips were taken from the Gaia DR3 gspphot tables, and the vsini data were taken from the Gaia DR3 esphs tables. We show that for nearby OBAF-type pulsators, the Gaia DR3 data are precise and accurate enough to pinpoint them in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. We find empirical instability strips covering broader regions than theoretically predicted. In particular, our study reveals the presence of fast rotating gravity-mode pulsators outside the strips, as well as the co-existence of rotationally modulated variables inside the strips as reported before in the literature. We derive an extensive period-luminosity relation for delta Sct stars and provide evidence that the relation features different regimes depending on the oscillation period. Finally, we demonstrate how stellar rotation attenuates the amplitude of the dominant oscillation mode of delta Sct stars.
Published: 2022
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14. Gaia Data Release 3: A Golden Sample of Astrophysical Parameters

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Creevey, O. L., Sarro, L. M., Lobel, A., Pancino, E., Andrae, R., Smart, R. L., Clementini, G., Heiter, U., Korn, A. J., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., De Angeli, F., Vallenari, A., Harrison, D. L., Thévenin, F., Reylé, C., Sordo, R., Garofalo, A., Brown, A. G. A., Eyer, L., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Fabricius, C., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) provides a wealth of new data products for the astronomical community to exploit, including astrophysical parameters for a half billion stars. In this work we demonstrate the high quality of these data products and illustrate their use in different astrophysical contexts. We query the astrophysical parameter tables along with other tables in Gaia DR3 to derive the samples of the stars of interest. We validate our results by using the Gaia catalogue itself and by comparison with external data. We have produced six homogeneous samples of stars with high quality astrophysical parameters across the HR diagram for the community to exploit. We first focus on three samples that span a large parameter space: young massive disk stars (~3M), FGKM spectral type stars (~3M), and UCDs (~20K). We provide these sources along with additional information (either a flag or complementary parameters) as tables that are made available in the Gaia archive. We furthermore identify 15740 bone fide carbon stars, 5863 solar-analogues, and provide the first homogeneous set of stellar parameters of the Spectro Photometric Standard Stars. We use a subset of the OBA sample to illustrate its usefulness to analyse the Milky Way rotation curve. We then use the properties of the FGKM stars to analyse known exoplanet systems. We also analyse the ages of some unseen UCD-companions to the FGKM stars. We additionally predict the colours of the Sun in various passbands (Gaia, 2MASS, WISE) using the solar-analogue sample., Comment: 35 pages, (incl 6 pages references, acknowledgements, affiliations), 37 figures, A&A accepted
Published: 2022
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15. Gaia Data Release 3: G_RVS photometry from the RVS spectra

Author: Sartoretti, P., Marchal, O., Babusiaux, C., Jordi, C., Guerrier, A., Panuzzo, P., Katz, D., Seabroke, G. M., Thévenin, F., Cropper, M., Benson, K., Blomme, R., Haigron, R., Smith, M., Baker, S., Chemin, L., David, M., Dolding, C., Frémat, Y., Janssen, K., Jasniewicz, G., Lobel, A., Plum, G., Samaras, N., Snaith, O., Soubiran, C., Vanel, O., Zwitter, T., Brouillet, N., Caffau, E., Crifo, F., Fabre, C., Frakgoudi, F., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Huckle, H. E., Lasne, Y., Leclerc, N., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Royer, F., Viala, Y., and Zorec, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3) contains the first release of magnitudes estimated from the integration of Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) spectra for a sample of about 32.2 million stars brighter than G_RVS~14 mag (or G~15 mag). In this paper, we describe the data used and the approach adopted to derive and validate the G_RVS magnitudes published in DR3. We also provide estimates of the G_RVS passband and associated G_RVS zero-point. We derived G_RVS photometry from the integration of RVS spectra over the wavelength range from 846 to 870 nm. We processed these spectra following a procedure similar to that used for DR2, but incorporating several improvements that allow a better estimation of G_RVS. These improvements pertain to the stray-light background estimation, the line spread function calibration, and the detection of spectra contaminated by nearby relatively bright sources. We calibrated the G_RVS zero-point every 30 hours based on the reference magnitudes of constant stars from the Hipparcos catalogue, and used them to transform the integrated flux of the cleaned and calibrated spectra into epoch magnitudes. The G_RVS magnitude of a star published in DR3 is the median of the epoch magnitudes for that star. We estimated the G_RVS passband by comparing the RVS spectra of 108 bright stars with their flux-calibrated spectra from external spectrophotometric libraries. The G_RVS magnitude provides information that is complementary to that obtained from the G, G_BP, and G_RP magnitudes, which is useful for constraining stellar metallicity and interstellar extinction. The median precision of G_RVS measurements ranges from about 0.006 mag for the brighter stars (i.e. with 3.5 < G_RVS < 6.5 mag) to 0.125 mag at the faint end. The derived G_RVS passband shows that the effective transmittance of the RVS is approximately 1.23 times better than the pre-launch estimate., Comment: 16 pages, 18 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2022
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16. Gaia Data Release 3: The extragalactic content

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Teyssier, D., Delchambre, L., Ducourant, C., Garabato, D., Hatzidimitriou, D., Klioner, S. A., Rimoldini, L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Carballo, R., Carnerero, M. I., Diener, C., Fouesneau, M., Galluccio, L., Gavras, P., Krone-Martins, A., Raiteri, C. M., Teixeira, R., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Frémat, Y., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M. S., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The Gaia Galactic survey mission is designed and optimized to obtain astrometry, photometry, and spectroscopy of nearly two billion stars in our Galaxy. Yet as an all-sky multi-epoch survey, Gaia also observes several million extragalactic objects down to a magnitude of G~21 mag. Due to the nature of the Gaia onboard selection algorithms, these are mostly point-source-like objects. Using data provided by the satellite, we have identified quasar and galaxy candidates via supervised machine learning methods, and estimate their redshifts using the low resolution BP/RP spectra. We further characterise the surface brightness profiles of host galaxies of quasars and of galaxies from pre-defined input lists. Here we give an overview of the processing of extragalactic objects, describe the data products in Gaia DR3, and analyse their properties. Two integrated tables contain the main results for a high completeness, but low purity (50-70%), set of 6.6 million candidate quasars and 4.8 million candidate galaxies. We provide queries that select purer sub-samples of these containing 1.9 million probable quasars and 2.9 million probable galaxies (both 95% purity). We also use high quality BP/RP spectra of 43 thousand high probability quasars over the redshift range 0.05-4.36 to construct a composite quasar spectrum spanning restframe wavelengths from 72-100 nm., Comment: Accepted to A&A
Published: 2022
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17. Gaia Data Release 3: Stellar multiplicity, a teaser for the hidden treasure

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Barstow, M. A., Faigler, S., Jorissen, A., Kervella, P., Mazeh, T., Mowlavi, N., Panuzzo, P., Sahlmann, J., Shahaf, S., Sozzetti, A., Bauchet, N., Damerdji, Y., Gavras, P., Giacobbe, P., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Holl, B., Lattanzi, M. G., Leclerc, N., Morel, T., Pourbaix, D., Fiorentin, P. Re, Sadowski, G., Ségransan, D., Siopis, C., Teyssier, D., Zwitter, T., Planquart, L., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Haigron, R., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Smith, M., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Blazere, A., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M. S., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Semeux, D., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., and Zucker, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Gaia DR3 Catalogue contains for the first time about eight hundred thousand solutions with either orbital elements or trend parameters for astrometric, spectroscopic and eclipsing binaries, and combinations of them. This paper aims to illustrate the huge potential of this large non-single star catalogue. Using the orbital solutions together with models of the binaries, a catalogue of tens of thousands of stellar masses, or lower limits, partly together with consistent flux ratios, has been built. Properties concerning the completeness of the binary catalogues are discussed, statistical features of the orbital elements are explained and a comparison with other catalogues is performed. Illustrative applications are proposed for binaries across the H-R diagram. The binarity is studied in the RGB/AGB and a search for genuine SB1 among long-period variables is performed. The discovery of new EL CVn systems illustrates the potential of combining variability and binarity catalogues. Potential compact object companions are presented, mainly white dwarf companions or double degenerates, but one candidate neutron star is also presented. Towards the bottom of the main sequence, the orbits of previously-suspected binary ultracool dwarfs are determined and new candidate binaries are discovered. The long awaited contribution of Gaia to the analysis of the substellar regime shows the brown dwarf desert around solar-type stars using true, rather than minimum, masses, and provides new important constraints on the occurrence rates of substellar companions to M dwarfs. Several dozen new exoplanets are proposed, including two with validated orbital solutions and one super-Jupiter orbiting a white dwarf, all being candidates requiring confirmation. Beside binarity, higher order multiple systems are also found., Comment: 60 pages, 60 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (2022-06-09). The catalogue of binary masses is available for download from the ESA Gaia DR3 Archive and will be available from the CDS/VizieR service
Published: 2022
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18. Gaia Data Release 3: Chemical cartography of the Milky Way

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Recio-Blanco, A., Kordopatis, G., de Laverny, P., Palicio, P. A., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Katz, D., Fiorentin, P. Re, Poggio, E., McMillan, P. J., Vallenari, A., Lattanzi, M. G., Seabroke, G. M., Casamiquela, L., Bragaglia, A., Antoja, T., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Andrae, R., Fouesneau, M., Cropper, M., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Heiter, U., Bijaoui, A., Brown, A. G. A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U. L., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bastian, U., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anders, F., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Gaia DR3 opens a new era of all-sky spectral analysis of stellar populations thanks to the nearly 5.6 million stars observed by the RVS and parametrised by the GSP-spec module. The all-sky Gaia chemical cartography allows a powerful and precise chemo-dynamical view of the Milky Way with unprecedented spatial coverage and statistical robustness. First, it reveals the strong vertical symmetry of the Galaxy and the flared structure of the disc. Second, the observed kinematic disturbances of the disc -- seen as phase space correlations -- and kinematic or orbital substructures are associated with chemical patterns that favour stars with enhanced metallicities and lower [alpha/Fe] abundance ratios compared to the median values in the radial distributions. This is detected both for young objects that trace the spiral arms and older populations. Several alpha, iron-peak elements and at least one heavy element trace the thin and thick disc properties in the solar cylinder. Third, young disc stars show a recent chemical impoverishment in several elements. Fourth, the largest chemo-dynamical sample of open clusters analysed so far shows a steepening of the radial metallicity gradient with age, which is also observed in the young field population. Finally, the Gaia chemical data have the required coverage and precision to unveil galaxy accretion debris and heated disc stars on halo orbits through their [alpha/Fe] ratio, and to allow the study of the chemo-dynamical properties of globular clusters. Gaia DR3 chemo-dynamical diagnostics open new horizons before the era of ground-based wide-field spectroscopic surveys. They unveil a complex Milky Way that is the outcome of an eventful evolution, shaping it to the present day (abridged)., Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics (accepted, in press)
Published: 2022
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19. Gaia Data Release 3: Analysis of RVS spectra using the General Stellar Parametriser from spectroscopy

Author: Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Palicio, P. A., Kordopatis, G., Álvarez, M. A., Schultheis, M., Contursi, G., Zhao, H., Elipe, G. Torralba, Ordenovic, C., Manteiga, M., Dafonte, C., Oreshina-Slezak, I., Bijaoui, A., Fremat, Y., Seabroke, G., Pailler, F., Spitoni, E., Poggio, E., Creevey, O. L., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Andrae, R., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Burlacu, A., Carballo, R., Casamiquela, L., Chiavassa, A., Cooper, W. J., Dapergolas, A., Delchambre, L., Dharmawardena, T. E., Drimmel, R., Edvardsson, B., Fouesneau, M., Garabato, D., Garcia-Lario, P., Garcia-Torres, M., Gavel, A., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, U., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebreton, Y., Fustec, Y. Le, Licata, E. L., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Mary, N., Nicolas, C., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panem, C., Pichon, B., Riclet, F., Robin, C., Rybizki, J., Santovena, R., Silvelo, A., Smart, R. L., Sarro, L. M., Sordo, R., Soubiran, C., Suvege, M., Ulla, A., Vallenari, A., Zorec, J., Utrilla, E., and Bakker, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The chemo-physical parametrisation of stellar spectra is essential for understanding the nature and evolution of stars and of Galactic stellar populations. Gaia DR3 contains the parametrisation of RVS data performed by the General Stellar Parametriser-spectroscopy, module. Here we describe the parametrisation of the first 34 months of RVS observations. GSP-spec estimates the chemo-physical parameters from combined RVS spectra of single stars. The main analysis workflow described here, MatisseGauguin, is based on projection and optimisation methods and provides the stellar atmospheric parameters; the individual chemical abundances of N, Mg, Si, S, Ca, Ti, Cr, FeI, FeII, Ni, Zr, Ce and Nd; the differential equivalent width of a cyanogen line; and the parameters of a DIB feature. Another workflow, based on an artificial neural network, provides a second set of atmospheric parameters that are useful for classification control. We implement a detailed quality flag chain considering different error sources. With about 5.6 million stars, the Gaia DR3 GSP-spec all-sky catalogue is the largest compilation of stellar chemo-physical parameters ever published and the first one from space data. Internal and external biases have been studied taking into account the implemented flags. In some cases, simple calibrations with low degree polynomials are suggested. The homogeneity and quality of the estimated parameters enables chemo-dynamical studies of Galactic stellar populations, interstellar extinction studies from individual spectra, and clear constraints on stellar evolution models. We highly recommend that users adopt the provided quality flags for scientific exploitation . The Gaia DR3 GSP-spec catalogue is a major step in the scientific exploration of Milky Way stellar populations, confirming the Gaia promise of a new Galactic vision (abridged)., Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics (accepted, in press)
Published: 2022
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20. Gaia Data Release 3: Hot-star radial velocities

Author: Blomme, R., Fremat, Y., Sartoretti, P., Guerrier, A., Panuzzo, P., Katz, D., Seabroke, G. M., Thevenin, F., Cropper, M., Benson, K., Damerdji, Y., Haigron, R., Marchal, O., Smith, M., Baker, S., Chemin, L., David, M., Dolding, C., Gosset, E., Janssen, K., Jasniewicz, G., Lobel, A., Plum, G., Samaras, N., Snaith, O., Soubiran, C., Vanel, O., Zwitter, T., Brouillet, N., Caffau, E., Crifo, F., Fabre, C., Frakgoudi, F., Huckle, H. E., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Lasne, Y., Leclerc, N., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Royer, F., Viala, Y., and Zorec, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The second Gaia data release, DR2, contained radial velocities of stars with effective temperatures up to Teff = 6900 K. The third data release, Gaia DR3, extends this up to Teff = 14,500 K. We derive the radial velocities for hot stars (i.e. in the Teff = 6900 - 14,500 K range) from data obtained with the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) on board Gaia. The radial velocities were determined by the standard technique of measuring the Doppler shift of a template spectrum that was compared to the observed spectrum. The RVS wavelength range is very limited. The proximity to and systematic blueward offset of the calcium infrared triplet to the hydrogen Paschen lines in hot stars can result in a systematic offset in radial velocity. For the hot stars, we developed a specific code to improve the selection of the template spectrum, thereby avoiding this systematic offset. With the improved code, and with the correction we propose to the DR3 archive radial velocities, we obtain values that agree with reference values to within 3 km/s (in median). Because of the required S/N for applying the improved code, the hot star radial velocities in DR3 are mostly limited to stars with a magnitude in the RVS wavelength band <= 12 mag., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, accepted by A&A for Gaia Special Issue
Published: 2022
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21. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey: Implementation, data products, open cluster survey, science, and legacy

Author: Randich, S., Gilmore, G., Magrini, L., Sacco, G. G., Jackson, R. J., Jeffries, R. D., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Vàzquez, C. Viscasillas, Franciosini, E., Lewis, J. R., Alfaro, E. J., Prieto, C. Allende, Blomme, T. Bensby R., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., François, P., Irwin, M. J., Koposov, S. E., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I., Prusti, T., Rix, H. -W., Vallenari, A., Bayo, A., Bergemann, M., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Casey, A. R., Damiani, F., Frasca, A., Heiter, U., Hill, V., Jofré, P., de Laverny, P., Lind, K., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Zaggia, S., Adibekyan, V., Bonito, R., Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Hernández, J. I. González, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Apellániz, J. Maíz, Merle, T., Mikolaitis, S., Montes, D., Morel, T., Soubiran, C., Spina, L., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaišienė, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Wright, N. J., Abbas, U., Børsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Núnez, L., Barklem, P. S., Barrado, D., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo--Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V., Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Frémat, Y., Friel, E. D., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. González, Grebel, E. K., Albarrán, M. L. Gutiérrez, Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. V., Jiménez-Esteban, F., Jönsson, H., Jordi, C., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I., Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palouus, J., Paunzen, E., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spagna, A., Steinmetz, M., Stonkuté, E., Sutorius, E., Thévenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Vink, J. S., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., Zucker, D. B., and Walton, N. A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: In the last 15 years different ground-based spectroscopic surveys have been started (and completed) with the general aim of delivering stellar parameters and elemental abundances for large samples of Galactic stars, complementing Gaia astrometry. Among those surveys, the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey (GES), the only one performed on a 8m class telescope, was designed to target 100,000 stars using FLAMES on the ESO VLT (both Giraffe and UVES spectrographs), covering all the Milky Way populations, with a special focus on open star clusters. This article provides an overview of the survey implementation (observations, data quality, analysis and its success, data products, and releases), of the open cluster survey, of the science results and potential, and of the survey legacy. A companion article (Gilmore et al.) reviews the overall survey motivation, strategy, Giraffe pipeline data reduction, organisation, and workflow. The GES has determined homogeneous good-quality radial velocities and stellar parameters for a large fraction of its more than 110,000 unique target stars. Elemental abundances were derived for up to 31 elements for targets observed with UVES. Lithium abundances are delivered for about 1/3 of the sample. The analysis and homogenisation strategies have proven to be successful; several science topics have been addressed by the Gaia-ESO consortium and the community, with many highlight results achieved. The final catalogue has been released through the ESO archive at the end of May 2022, including the complete set of advanced data products. In addition to these results, the Gaia-ESO Survey will leave a very important legacy, for several aspects and for many years to come., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. 30 pages, 30 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2022
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22. Gaia Early Data Release 3: The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF3)

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Klioner, S. A., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Hernández, J., Ramos-Lerate, M., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Bombrun, A., de Torres, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Lammers, U. L., McMillan, P. J., Steidelmüller, H., Teyssier, D., Raiteri, C. M., Bartolomé, S., Bernet, M., Castañeda, J., Clotet, M., Davidson, M., Fabricius, C., Torres, N. Garralda, González-Vidal, J. J., Portell, J., Rowell, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Creevey, O. L., Ducourant, C., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Guerra, R., Hutton, A., Jordi, C., Luri, X., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Tanga, P., Walton, N. A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Drimmel, R., Jansen, F., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., De Angeli, F., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., Guerrier, A., Heiter, U., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P. W., Busonero, D., Busso, G., Cánovas, H., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., de Teodoro, P., Campos, M. Nuñez, Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Esquej, P., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fraile, E., Garabato, D., García-Lario, P., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Reylé, C., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., Abbas, U., Ábrahám, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Aldea-Montero, F., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Binnenfeld, A., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiaramida, V., Chiavassa, A., Chornay, N., Comoretto, G., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Cropper, M., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Enke, H., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Fournier, Y., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Gai, M., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Santamaría, I., Granvik, M., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmer, A., Helmi, A., Sarmiento, M. H., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jardine, K., Jasniewicz, G., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Jiménez-Arranz, Ó., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kóspál, Á, Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Kun, M., Laizeau, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E. L., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Loup, C., Pardo, P. Madrero, Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Manteiga, M., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, J., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Pina, D. Marín, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Monari, G., Monguió, M., Montegriffo, P., Montero, A., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Nagy, Z., Noval, L., Ocaña, F., Ogden, A., Ordenovic, C., Osinde, J. O., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panahi, A., Payne-Wardenaar, S., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Rambaux, N., Ramos, P., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Richards, P. J., Diaz, C. Rios, Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rix, H. -W., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, A. C., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rogues, H. R. O., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Royer, F., Mieres, D. Ruz, Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Núñez, A. Sáez, Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Silvelo, A., Slezak, E., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Snaith, O. N., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spina, L., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Tolomei, L., Tonello, N., Elipe, G. Torralba, Trabucchi, M., Tsounis, A. T., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Unger, N., Vaillant, M. V., van Dillen, E., van Reeven, W., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Gaia-CRF3 is the celestial reference frame for positions and proper motions in the third release of data from the Gaia mission, Gaia DR3 (and for the early third release, Gaia EDR3, which contains identical astrometric results). The reference frame is defined by the positions and proper motions at epoch 2016.0 for a specific set of extragalactic sources in the (E)DR3 catalogue. We describe the construction of Gaia-CRF3, and its properties in terms of the distributions in magnitude, colour, and astrometric quality. Compact extragalactic sources in Gaia DR3 were identified by positional cross-matching with 17 external catalogues of quasars (QSO) and active galactic nuclei (AGN), followed by astrometric filtering designed to remove stellar contaminants. Selecting a clean sample was favoured over including a higher number of extragalactic sources. For the final sample, the random and systematic errors in the proper motions are analysed, as well as the radio-optical offsets in position for sources in the third realisation of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF3). The Gaia-CRF3 comprises about 1.6 million QSO-like sources, of which 1.2 million have five-parameter astrometric solutions in Gaia DR3 and 0.4 million have six-parameter solutions. The sources span the magnitude range G = 13 to 21 with a peak density at 20.6 mag, at which the typical positional uncertainty is about 1 mas. The proper motions show systematic errors on the level of 12 ${\mu}$as yr${}^{-1}$ on angular scales greater than 15 deg. For the 3142 optical counterparts of ICRF3 sources in the S/X frequency bands, the median offset from the radio positions is about 0.5 mas, but exceeds 4 mas in either coordinate for 127 sources. We outline the future of the Gaia-CRF in the next Gaia data releases.
Published: 2022
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23. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Updated radial velocities from Gaia DR2

Author: Seabroke, G., Fabricius, C., Teyssier, D., Sartoretti, P., Katz, D., Cropper, M., Antoja, T., Benson, K., Smith, M., Dolding, C., Gosset, E., Panuzzo, P., Thévenin, F., Prieto, C. Allende, Blomme, R., Guerrier, A., Huckle, H., Jean-Antoine, A., Haigron, R., Marchal, O., Baker, S., Damerdji, Y., David, M., Frémat, Y., Janßen, K., Jasniewicz, G., Lobel, A., Samaras, N., Plum, G., Soubiran, C., Vanel, O., Zwitter, T., Ajaj, M., Caffau, E., Chemin, L., Royer, F., Brouillet, N., Crifo, F., Guy, L., Hambly, N., Leclerc, N., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., and Viala, Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Gaia's Early Third Data Release (EDR3) does not contain new radial velocities because these will be published in Gaia's full third data release (DR3), expected in the first half of 2022. To maximise the usefulness of EDR3, Gaia's second data release (DR2) sources (with radial velocities) are matched to EDR3 sources to allow their DR2 radial velocities to also be included in EDR3. This presents two considerations: (i) arXiv:1901.10460 (hereafter B19) published a list of 70,365 sources with potentially contaminated DR2 radial velocities; and (ii) EDR3 is based on a new astrometric solution and a new source list, which means sources in DR2 may not be in EDR3. EDR3 contains 7,209,831 sources with a DR2 radial velocity, which is 99.8% of sources with a radial velocity in DR2. 14,800 radial velocities from DR2 are not propagated to any EDR3 sources because (i) 3871 from the B19 list are found to either not have an unpublished, preliminary DR3 radial velocity or it differs significantly from its DR2 value, and 5 high-velocity stars not in the B19 list are confirmed to have contaminated radial velocities; and (ii) 10,924 DR2 sources could not be satisfactorily matched to any EDR3 sources, so their DR2 radial velocities are also missing from EDR3. The reliability of radial velocities in EDR3 has improved compared to DR2 because the update removes a small fraction of erroneous radial velocities (0.05% of DR2 radial velocities and 5.5% of the B19 list). Lessons learnt from EDR3 (e.g. bright star contamination) will improve the radial velocities in future Gaia data releases. The main reason for radial velocities from DR2 not propagating to EDR3 is not related to DR2 radial velocity quality. It is because the DR2 astrometry is based on one component of close binary pairs, while EDR3 astrometry is based on the other component, which prevents these sources from being unambiguously matched. (Abridged), Comment: Accepted for A&A Special Issue on Gaia EDR3, 32 pages, 31 figures, 3 appendices
Published: 2021
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24. Gaia Photometric Science Alerts

Author: Hodgkin, S. T., Harrison, D. L., Breedt, E., Wevers, T., Rixon, G., Delgado, A., Yoldas, A., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Wyrzykowski, Ł., van Leeuwen, M., Blagorodnova, N., Campbell, H., Eappachen, D., Fraser, M., Ihanec, N., Koposov, S. E., Kruszyńska, K., Marton, G., Rybicki, K. A., Brown, A. G. A., Burgess, P. W., Busso, G., Cowell, S., De Angeli, F., Diener, C., Evans, D. W., Gilmore, G., Holland, G., Jonker, P. G., van Leeuwen, F., Mignard, F., Osborne, P. J., Portell, J., Prusti, T., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Walton, N. A., Ábrahám, Péter, Altavilla, G., Baker, S. G., Bastian, U., O'Brien, P., de Bruijne, J., Butterley, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castañeda, J., Clark, J. S., Clementini, G., Copperwheat, C. M., Cropper, M., Damljanovic, G., Davidson, M., Davis, C. J., Dennefeld, M., Dhillon, V. S., Dolding, C., Dominik, M., Esquej, P., Eyer, L., Fabricius, C., Fridman, M., Froebrich, D., Garralda, N., Gomboc, A., González-Vidal, J. J., Guerra, R., Hambly, N. C., Hardy, L. K., Holl, B., Hourihane, A., Japelj, J., Kann, D. A., Kiss, C., Knigge, C., Kolb, U., Komossa, S., Kóspál, Á., Kovács, G., Kun, M., Leto, G., Lewis, F., Littlefair, S. P., Mahabal, A. A., Mundell, C. G., Nagy, Z., Padeletti, D., Palaversa, L., Pigulski, A., Pretorius, M. L., van Reeven, W., Ribeiro, V. A. R. M., Roelens, M., Rowell, N., Schartel, N., Scholz, A., Schwope, A., Sipőcz, B. M., Smartt, S. J., Smith, M. D., Serraller, I., Steeghs, D., Sullivan, M., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tisserand, P., Tomasella, L., van Velzen, S., Whitelock, P. A, Wilson, R. W., and Young, D. R.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Since July 2014, the Gaia mission has been engaged in a high-spatial-resolution, time-resolved, precise, accurate astrometric, and photometric survey of the entire sky. Aims: We present the Gaia Science Alerts project, which has been in operation since 1 June 2016. We describe the system which has been developed to enable the discovery and publication of transient photometric events as seen by Gaia. Methods: We outline the data handling, timings, and performances, and we describe the transient detection algorithms and filtering procedures needed to manage the high false alarm rate. We identify two classes of events: (1) sources which are new to Gaia and (2) Gaia sources which have undergone a significant brightening or fading. Validation of the Gaia transit astrometry and photometry was performed, followed by testing of the source environment to minimise contamination from Solar System objects, bright stars, and fainter near-neighbours. Results: We show that the Gaia Science Alerts project suffers from very low contamination, that is there are very few false-positives. We find that the external completeness for supernovae, $C_E=0.46$, is dominated by the Gaia scanning law and the requirement of detections from both fields-of-view. Where we have two or more scans the internal completeness is $C_I=0.79$ at 3 arcsec or larger from the centres of galaxies, but it drops closer in, especially within 1 arcsec. Conclusions: The per-transit photometry for Gaia transients is precise to 1 per cent at $G=13$, and 3 per cent at $G=19$. The per-transit astrometry is accurate to 55 milliarcseconds when compared to Gaia DR2. The Gaia Science Alerts project is one of the most homogeneous and productive transient surveys in operation, and it is the only survey which covers the whole sky at high spatial resolution (subarcsecond), including the Galactic plane and bulge., Comment: 26 pages, 26 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2021
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25. Gaia Early Data Release 3: The Galactic anticentre

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Antoja, T., McMillan, P., Kordopatis, G., Ramos, P., Helmi, A., Balbinot, E., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Chemin, L., Figueras, F., Jordi, C., Khanna, S., Romero-Gomez, M., Seabroke, G., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Hutton, A., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Ducourant, C., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerra, R., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Sordo, R., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Brugaletta, E., Burgess, P. W., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Fernández-Hernández, J., Galluccio, L., García-Lario, P., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., González-Núñez, J., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, U., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Manteiga, M., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aerts, C., Aguado, Ajaj, M., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Cid-Fuentes, J. Álvarez, Alves, J., Anderson, J. J. R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Audard, M., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Baudesson-Stella, A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cánovas, H., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I, Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Sampol, P. Castro, Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chiavassa, A., Cioni, M. -R. L., Comoretto, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., deLaverny, P., DeLuise, F., DeMarch, R., DeRidder, J., deSouza, R., de Teodoro, P., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Delisle, J. -B., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Eappachen, D., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Fraile, E., Franke, F., Gai, M., Garabato, D., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jasniewicz, G., Jonker, P. G., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Kochoska, A., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Fustec, Y. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Pardo, P. Madrero, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Orrù, G., Osinde, J., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poretti, E., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rohrbasser, L., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Thuillot, W., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Turon, C., Unger, N., Vaillant, M., van Dillen, E., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We aim to demonstrate the scientific potential of the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) for the study of the Milky Way structure and evolution. We used astrometric positions, proper motions, parallaxes, and photometry from EDR3 to select different populations and components and to calculate the distances and velocities in the direction of the anticentre. We explore the disturbances of the current disc, the spatial and kinematical distributions of early accreted versus in-situ stars, the structures in the outer parts of the disc, and the orbits of open clusters Berkeley 29 and Saurer 1. We find that: i) the dynamics of the Galactic disc are very complex with vertical asymmetries, and new correlations, including a bimodality with disc stars with large angular momentum moving vertically upwards from below the plane, and disc stars with slightly lower angular momentum moving preferentially downwards; ii) we resolve the kinematic substructure (diagonal ridges) in the outer parts of the disc for the first time; iii) the red sequence that has been associated with the proto-Galactic disc that was present at the time of the merger with Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage is currently radially concentrated up to around 14 kpc, while the blue sequence that has been associated with debris of the satellite extends beyond that; iv) there are density structures in the outer disc, both above and below the plane, most probably related to Monoceros, the Anticentre Stream, and TriAnd, for which the Gaia data allow an exhaustive selection of candidate member stars and dynamical study; and v) the open clusters Berkeley~29 and Saurer~1, despite being located at large distances from the Galactic centre, are on nearly circular disc-like orbits. We demonstrate how, once again, the Gaia are crucial for our understanding of the different pieces of our Galaxy and their connection to its global structure and history., Comment: Gaia EDR3 performance verification paper, version 2 closer to published version in A&A, complete list of authors
Published: 2021
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26. Gaia Early Data Release 3: The Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Smart, R. L., Sarro, L. M., Rybizki, J., Reylé, C., Robin, A. C., Hambly, N. C., Abbas, U., Barstow, M. A., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Bucciarelli, B., Carrasco, J. M., Cooper, W. J., Hodgkin, S. T., Masana, E., Michalik, D., Sahlmann, J., Sozzetti, A., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Hutton, A., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Ducourant, C., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerra, R., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Brugaletta, E., Burgess, P. W., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Fernández-Hernández, J., Galluccio, L., García-Lario, P., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., González-Núñez, J., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, U., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Manteiga, M., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Roegiers, T., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., van Reeven, W., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Cid-Fuentes, J. Álvarez, Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Audard, M., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Baudesson-Stella, A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cánovas, H., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I, Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Sampol, P. Castro, Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cioni, M. -R. L., Comoretto, G., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Teodoro, P., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Delisle, J. -B., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Eappachen, D., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Fraile, E., Franke, F., Gai, M., Garabato, D., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmi, A., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jasniewicz, G., Jonker, P. G., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kochoska, A., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Fustec, Y. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Pardo, P. Madrero, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Orrù, G., Osinde, J., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, Penttilä, A., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poretti, E., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sellés, A. Sagristà, Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Thuillot, W., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Turon, C., Unger, N., Vaillant, M., van Dillen, E., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We produce a clean and well-characterised catalogue of objects within 100\,pc of the Sun from the \G\ Early Data Release 3. We characterise the catalogue through comparisons to the full data release, external catalogues, and simulations. We carry out a first analysis of the science that is possible with this sample to demonstrate its potential and best practices for its use. The selection of objects within 100\,pc from the full catalogue used selected training sets, machine-learning procedures, astrometric quantities, and solution quality indicators to determine a probability that the astrometric solution is reliable. The training set construction exploited the astrometric data, quality flags, and external photometry. For all candidates we calculated distance posterior probability densities using Bayesian procedures and mock catalogues to define priors. Any object with reliable astrometry and a non-zero probability of being within 100\,pc is included in the catalogue. We have produced a catalogue of \NFINAL\ objects that we estimate contains at least 92\% of stars of stellar type M9 within 100\,pc of the Sun. We estimate that 9\% of the stars in this catalogue probably lie outside 100\,pc, but when the distance probability function is used, a correct treatment of this contamination is possible. We produced luminosity functions with a high signal-to-noise ratio for the main-sequence stars, giants, and white dwarfs. We examined in detail the Hyades cluster, the white dwarf population, and wide-binary systems and produced candidate lists for all three samples. We detected local manifestations of several streams, superclusters, and halo objects, in which we identified 12 members of \G\ Enceladus. We present the first direct parallaxes of five objects in multiple systems within 10\,pc of the Sun., Comment: 45 Pages, 39 figures in main part and 18 in appendix, tables on CDS
Published: 2020
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27. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Acceleration of the solar system from Gaia astrometry

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Klioner, S. A., Mignard, F., Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., McMillan, P. J., Hernández, J., Hobbs, D., Ramos-Lerate, M., Biermann, M., Bombrun, A., de Torres, A., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Hilger, T., Lammers, U., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Hutton, A., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Luri, X., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Ducourant, C., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerra, R., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Brugaletta, E., Burgess, P. W., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Fernández-Hernández, J., Galluccio, L., García-Lario, P., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., González-Núñez, J., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, U., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Manteiga, M., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Cid-Fuentes, J. Álvarez, Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Audard, M., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nú\-nez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Baudesson-Stella, A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cánovas, H., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I, Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Sampol, P. Castro, Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Comoretto, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Teodoro, P., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Delisle, J. -B., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Eappachen, D., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Fraile, E., Franke, F., Gai, M., Garabato, D., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavras, P., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmi, A., Hidalgo, S. L., Hładczuk, N., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jasniewicz, G., Jonker, P. G., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kochoska, A., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Fustec, Y. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Pardo, P. Madrero, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Orrù, G., Osinde, J., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Esteller, X. Pe\-nalosa, Penttilä, A., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poretti, E., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos, P., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Süveges, M., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Thuillot, W., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torray, J., Turon, C., Unger, N., Vaillant, M., van Dillen, E., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Context. Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) provides accurate astrometry for about 1.6 million compact (QSO-like) extragalactic sources, 1.2 million of which have the best-quality five-parameter astrometric solutions. Aims. The proper motions of QSO-like sources are used to reveal a systematic pattern due to the acceleration of the solar system barycentre with respect to the rest frame of the Universe. Apart from being an important scientific result by itself, the acceleration measured in this way is a good quality indicator of the Gaia astrometric solution. Methods. The effect of the acceleration is obtained as a part of the general expansion of the vector field of proper motions in Vector Spherical Harmonics (VSH). Various versions of the VSH fit and various subsets of the sources are tried and compared to get the most consistent result and a realistic estimate of its uncertainty. Additional tests with the Gaia astrometric solution are used to get a better idea on possible systematic errors in the estimate. Results. Our best estimate of the acceleration based on Gaia EDR3 is $(2.32 \pm 0.16) \times 10^{-10}$ m s${}^{-2}$ (or $7.33 \pm 0.51$ km s$^{-1}$ Myr${}^{-1}$) towards $\alpha = 269.1^\circ \pm 5.4^\circ$, $\delta = -31.6^\circ \pm 4.1^\circ$, corresponding to a proper motion amplitude of $5.05 \pm 0.35$ $\mu$as yr${}^{-1}$. This is in good agreement with the acceleration expected from current models of the Galactic gravitational potential. We expect that future Gaia data releases will provide estimates of the acceleration with uncertainties substantially below 0.1 $\mu$as yr${}^{-1}$., Comment: A&A, accepted
Published: 2020
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28. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Structure and properties of the Magellanic Clouds

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Luri, X., Chemin, L., Clementini, G., Delgado, H. E., McMillan, P. J., Romero-Gómez, M., Balbinot, E., Castro-Ginard, A., Mor, R., Ripepi, V., Sarro, L. M., Cioni, M. -R. L., Fabricius, C., Garofalo, A., Helmi, A., Muraveva, T., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Hutton, A., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Castañeda, J., De, F., Ducourant, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerra, R., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Jean-Antoine, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Brugaletta, E., Burgess, P. W., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Fernández-Hernández, J., Galluccio, L., García-Lario, P., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., González-Núñez, J., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, U., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Löffler, W., Lorca, A., Manteiga, M., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu, A., Accart, S., Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Cid-Fuentes, J. Álvarez, Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Audard, M., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Baudesson-Stella, A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cánovas, H., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I, Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Sampol, P. Castro, Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chiavassa, A., Comoretto, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Teodoro, P., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delgado, A., Delisle, J. -B., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Eappachen, D., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Fraile, E., Franke, F., Gai, M., Garabato, D., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jasniewicz, G., Jonker, P. G., Juaristi, J., Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kochoska, A., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Fustec, Y. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Madrero, P., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marcos, M. M. S., Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Munoz, D., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Orrù, G., Osinde, J., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Peñalosa, X., Penttilä, A., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poretti, E., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Re, P., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rohrbasser, L., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sagristà, A., Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Sanchez, V., Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Süveges, M., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Thuillot, W., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Turon, C., Unger, N., Vaillant, M., van, E., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We compare the Gaia DR2 and Gaia EDR3 performances in the study of the Magellanic Clouds and show the clear improvements in precision and accuracy in the new release. We also show that the systematics still present in the data make the determination of the 3D geometry of the LMC a difficult endeavour; this is at the very limit of the usefulness of the Gaia EDR3 astrometry, but it may become feasible with the use of additional external data. We derive radial and tangential velocity maps and global profiles for the LMC for the several subsamples we defined. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the two planar components of the ordered and random motions are derived for multiple stellar evolutionary phases in a galactic disc outside the Milky Way, showing the differences between younger and older phases. We also analyse the spatial structure and motions in the central region, the bar, and the disc, providing new insights into features and kinematics. Finally, we show that the Gaia EDR3 data allows clearly resolving the Magellanic Bridge, and we trace the density and velocity flow of the stars from the SMC towards the LMC not only globally, but also separately for young and evolved populations. This allows us to confirm an evolved population in the Bridge that is slightly shift from the younger population. Additionally, we were able to study the outskirts of both Magellanic Clouds, in which we detected some well-known features and indications of new ones., Comment: This paper is part of the "demonstration papers" released with Gaia EDR3: https://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/earlydr3
Published: 2020
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29. Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Brown, A. G. A, Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Creevey, O. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Hutton, A., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., van Leeuwen, F., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., De Angeli, F., Ducourant, C., Fabricius, C., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Guerra, R., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nicolas, C., Nienartowicz, K., Pailler, F., Panuzzo, P., Riclet, F., Roux, W., Seabroke, G. M., Sordo, R., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Portell, J., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Brugaletta, E., Burgess, P. W., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cheek, N., Clementini, G., Damerdji, Y., Davidson, M., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Fernández-Hernández, J., Galluccio, L., García-Lario, P., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., González-Núñez, J., Gosset, E., Haigron, R., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, U., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Holl, B., Janßen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jordan, S., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., o}ffler, W. L\"{, Lorca, A., Manteiga, M., Marchal, O., Marrese, P. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osborne, P., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Roegiers, T., Rybizki, J., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., van Leeuwen, M., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aerts, C., Aguado, J. J., Ajaj, M., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Cid-Fuentes, J. Álvarez, Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Varela, E. Anglada, Antoja, T., Audard, M., Baines, D., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balbinot, E., Balog, Z., Barache, C., Barbato, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartolomé, S., Bassilana, J. -L., Bauchet, N., Baudesson-Stella, A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bernet, M., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breedt, E., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cánovas, H., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carnerero, M. I, Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Sampol, P. Castro, Chaoul, L., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cioni, M. -R. L., Comoretto, G., Cooper, W. J., Cornez, T., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., David, M., David, P., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., De Ridder, J., de Souza, R., de Teodoro, P., de Torres, A., del Peloso, E. F., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Delisle, J. -B., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Eappachen, D., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Esquej, P., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Fouron, C., Fragkoudi, F., Fraile, E., Franke, F., Gai, M., Garabato, D., Garcia-Gutierrez, A., García-Torres, M., Garofalo, A., Gavras, P., Gerlach, E., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomel, R., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Helmi, A., Hidalgo, S. L., Hilger, T., Hładczuk, N., Hobbs, D., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Jasniewicz, G., Jonker, P. G., Campillo, J. Juaristi, Julbe, F., Karbevska, L., Kervella, P., Khanna, S., Kochoska, A., Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A. J., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Kruszyńska, K., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Campion, J. -F. Le, Fustec, Y. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Pardo, P. Madrero, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Santos, M. M. S. Marcos, Marinoni, S., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Polo, L. Martin, Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Masip, A., Massari, D., Mastrobuono-Battisti, A., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Mints, A., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Munoz, D., Muraveva, T., Murphy, C. P., Musella, I., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Orrù, G., Osinde, J., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Palaversa, L., Palicio, P. A., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Esteller, X. Peñalosa, a}, A. Penttil\"{, Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poretti, E., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rainer, M., Raiteri, C. M., Rambaux, N., Ramos, P., Ramos-Lerate, M., Fiorentin, P. Re, Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Robichon, N., Robin, C., Roelens, M., Rohrbasser, L., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rybicki, K. A., Sadowski, G., Sellés, A. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Samaras, N., Gimenez, V. Sanchez, Sanna, N., Santoveña, R., Sarasso, M., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Semeux, D., Shahaf, S., Siddiqui, H. I., Siebert, A., Siltala, L., Slezak, E., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Souami, D., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Steele, I. A., u}ller, H. Steidelm\"{, Stephenson, C. A., u}veges, M. S\"{, Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Thuillot, W., Tonello, N., Torra, F., Torra, J., Turon, C., Unger, N., Vaillant, M., van Dillen, E., Vanel, O., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Yvard, P., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present the early installment of the third Gaia data release, Gaia EDR3, consisting of astrometry and photometry for 1.8 billion sources brighter than magnitude 21, complemented with the list of radial velocities from Gaia DR2. Gaia EDR3 contains celestial positions and the apparent brightness in G for approximately 1.8 billion sources. For 1.5 billion of those sources, parallaxes, proper motions, and the (G_BP-G_RP) colour are also available. The passbands for G, G_BP, and G_RP are provided as part of the release. For ease of use, the 7 million radial velocities from Gaia DR2 are included in this release, after the removal of a small number of spurious values. New radial velocities will appear as part of Gaia DR3. Finally, Gaia EDR3 represents an updated materialisation of the celestial reference frame (CRF) in the optical, the Gaia-CRF3, which is based solely on extragalactic sources. The creation of the source list for Gaia EDR3 includes enhancements that make it more robust with respect to high proper motion stars, and the disturbing effects of spurious and partially resolved sources. The source list is largely the same as that for Gaia DR2, but it does feature new sources and there are some notable changes. The source list will not change for Gaia DR3. Gaia EDR3 represents a significant advance over Gaia DR2, with parallax precisions increased by 30 percent, proper motion precisions increased by a factor of 2, and the systematic errors in the astrometry suppressed by 30--40 percent for the parallaxes and by a factor ~2.5 for the proper motions. The photometry also features increased precision, but above all much better homogeneity across colour, magnitude, and celestial position. A single passband for G, G_BP, and G_RP is valid over the entire magnitude and colour range, with no systematics above the 1 percent level., Comment: Accepted for A&A Special Issue on Gaia EDR3, 21 pages, 2 figures. This version includes the updates in the erratum (https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e)
Published: 2020
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30. The RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE): Parameterisation of RAVE spectra based on convolutional neural networks

Author: Guiglion, G., Matijevic, G., Queiroz, A. B. A., Valentini, M., Steinmetz, M., Chiappini, C., Grebel, E. K., McMillan, P. J., Kordopatis, G., Kunder, A., Zwitter, T., Khalatyan, A., Anders, F., Enke, H., Minchev, I., Monari, G., Wyse, R. F. G., Bienayme, O., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Gibson, B. K., Navarro, J. F., Parker, Q., Reid, W., Seabroke, G. M., and Siebert, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: In the context of large spectroscopic surveys of stars, data-driven methods are key in deducing physical parameters for millions of spectra in a short time. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) enable us to connect observables (e.g. spectra, stellar magnitudes) to physical properties (atmospheric parameters, chemical abundances, or labels in general). We trained a CNN, adopting stellar atmospheric parameters and chemical abundances from APOGEE DR16 (resolution R=22500) data as training set labels. As input, we used parts of the intermediate-resolution RAVE DR6 spectra (R~7500) overlapping with the APOGEE DR16 data as well as broad-band ALL_WISE and 2MASS photometry, together with Gaia DR2 photometry and parallaxes. We derived precise atmospheric parameters Teff, log(g), and [M/H] along with the chemical abundances of [Fe/H], [alpha/M], [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], [Al/Fe], and [Ni/Fe] for 420165 RAVE spectra. The precision typically amounts to 60K in Teff, 0.06 in log(g) and 0.02-0.04 dex for individual chemical abundances. Incorporating photometry and astrometry as additional constraints substantially improves the results in terms of the accuracy and precision of the derived labels. We provide a catalogue of CNN-trained atmospheric parameters and abundances along with their uncertainties for 420165 stars in the RAVE survey. CNN-based methods provide a powerful way to combine spectroscopic, photometric, and astrometric data without the need to apply any priors in the form of stellar evolutionary models. The developed procedure can extend the scientific output of RAVE spectra beyond DR6 to ongoing and planned surveys such as Gaia RVS, 4MOST, and WEAVE. We call on the community to place a particular collective emphasis and on efforts to create unbiased training samples for such future spectroscopic surveys., Comment: 31 pages, 30 figures, accepted for publication in A&A, in Press
Published: 2020
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31. Single-lined Spectroscopic Binary Star Candidates from a Combination of the RAVE and Gaia DR2 surveys

Author: Birko, Danijela, Zwitter, Tomaž, Grebel, Eva K., Parker, Quentin A, Kordopatis, Georges, Bland-Hawthorn, Joss, Freeman, Kenneth, Guiglion, Guillaume, Gibson, Brad K., Navarro, Julio, Reid, Warren, Seabroke, G. M., Steinmetz, Matthias, and Watson, Fred
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The combination of the final version of the RAVE spectroscopic survey data release 6 with radial velocities and astrometry from Gaia DR2 allows us to identify and create a catalog of single lined binary star candidates (SB1), their inferred orbital parameters, and to inspect possible double lined binary stars (SB2). A probability function for the detection of radial velocity (RV) variations is used for identifying SB1 candidates. The estimation of orbital parameters for main sequence dwarfs is performed by matching the measured RVs with theoretical velocity curves sampling the orbital parameter space. The method is verified by studying a mock sample from the SB9 catalogue. Studying the boxiness and asymmetry of the spectral lines allows us to identify possible SB2 candidates, while matching their spectra to a synthetic library indicates probable properties of their components. From the RAVE catalog we select 37,664 stars with multiple RV measurements and identify 3838 stars as SB1 candidates. Joining RAVE and Gaia DR2 yields 450,646 stars with RVs measured by both surveys and 27,716 of them turn out to be SB1 candidates, which is an increase by an order of magnitude over previous studies. For main sequence dwarf candidates we calculate their most probable orbital parameters: orbital periods are not longer than a few years and primary components have masses similar to the Solar mass. All our results are available via Vizier/CDS., Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2019
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32. Full orbital solution for the binary system in the northern Galactic disc microlensing event Gaia16aye

Author: Wyrzykowski, Łukasz, Mróz, P., Rybicki, K. A., Gromadzki, M., Kołaczkowski, Z., Zieliński, M., Zieliński, P., Britavskiy, N., Gomboc, A., Sokolovsky, K., Hodgkin, S. T., Abe, L., Aldi, G. F., AlMannaei, A., Altavilla, G., Qasim, A. Al, Anupama, G. C., Awiphan, S., Bachelet, E., Bakıs, V., Baker, S., Bartlett, S., Bendjoya, P., Benson, K., Bikmaev, I. F., Birenbaum, G., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boeva, S., Bonanos, A. Z., Bozza, V., Bramich, D. M., Bruni, I., Burenin, R. A., Burgaz, U., Butterley, T., Caines, H. E., Caton, D. B., Novati, S. Calchi, Carrasco, J. M., Cassan, A., Cepas, V., Cropper, M., Chruślińska, M., Clementini, G., Clerici, A., Conti, D., Conti, M., Cross, S., Cusano, F., Damljanovic, G., Dapergolas, A., D'Ago, G., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Dennefeld, M., Dhillon, V. S., Dominik, M., Dziedzic, J., Ereceantalya, O., Eselevich, M. V., Esenoglu, H., Eyer, L., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Fossey, S. J., Galeev, A. I., Grebenev, S. A., Gupta, A. C., Gutaev, A. G., Hallakoun, N., Hamanowicz, A., Han, C., Handzlik, B., Haislip, J. B., Hanlon, L., Hardy, L. K., Harrison, D. L., van Heerden, H. J., Hoette, V. L., Horne, K., Hudec, R., Hundertmark, M., Ihanec, N., Irtuganov, E. N., Itoh, R., Iwanek, P., Jovanovic, M. D., Janulis, R., Jelínek, M., Jensen, E., Kaczmarek, Z., Katz, D., Khamitov, I. M., Kilic, Y., Klencki, J., Kolb, U., Kopacki, G., Kouprianov, V. V., Kruszyńska, K., Kurowski, S., Latev, G., Lee, C-H., Leonini, S., Leto, G., Lewis, F., Li, Z., Liakos, A., Littlefair, S. P., Lu, J., Manser, C. J., Mao, S., Maoz, D., Martin-Carrillo, A., Marais, J. P., Maskoliūnas, M., Maund, J. R., Meintjes, P. J., Melnikov, S. S., Ment, K., Mikołajczyk, P., Morrell, M., Mowlavi, N., Moździerski, D., Murphy, D., Nazarov, S., Netzel, H., Nesci, R., Ngeow, C. -C., Norton, A. J., Ofek, E. O., Pakstienė, E., Palaversa, L., Pandey, A., Paraskeva, E., Pawlak, M., Penny, M. T., Penprase, B. E., Piascik, A., Prieto, J. L., Qvam, J. K. T., Ranc, C., Rebassa-Mansergas, A., Reichart, D. E., Reig, P., Rhodes, L., Rivet, J. -P., Rixon, G., Roberts, D., Rosi, P., Russell, D. M., Sanchez, R. Zanmar, Scarpetta, G., Seabroke, G., Shappee, B. J., Schmidt, R., Shvartzvald, Y., Sitek, M., Skowron, J., Śniegowska, M., Snodgrass, C., Soares, P. S., van Soelen, B., Spetsieri, Z. T., Stankeviciūtė, A., Steele, I. A., Street, R. A., Strobl, J., Strubble, E., Szegedi, H., Ramirez, L. M. Tinjaca, Tomasella, L., Tsapras, Y., Vernet, D., Villanueva Jr., S., Vince, O., Wambsganss, J., van der Westhuizen, I. P., Wiersema, K., Wium, D., Wilson, R. W., Yoldas, A., Zhuchkov, R. Ya., Zhukov, D. G., Zdanavicius, J., Zoła, S., and Zubareva, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Gaia16aye was a binary microlensing event discovered in the direction towards the northern Galactic disc and was one of the first microlensing events detected and alerted to by the Gaia space mission. Its light curve exhibited five distinct brightening episodes, reaching up to I=12 mag, and it was covered in great detail with almost 25,000 data points gathered by a network of telescopes. We present the photometric and spectroscopic follow-up covering 500 days of the event evolution. We employed a full Keplerian binary orbit microlensing model combined with the motion of Earth and Gaia around the Sun to reproduce the complex light curve. The photometric data allowed us to solve the microlensing event entirely and to derive the complete and unique set of orbital parameters of the binary lensing system. We also report on the detection of the first-ever microlensing space-parallax between the Earth and Gaia located at L2. The properties of the binary system were derived from microlensing parameters, and we found that the system is composed of two main-sequence stars with masses 0.57$\pm$0.05 $M_\odot$ and 0.36$\pm$0.03 $M_\odot$ at 780 pc, with an orbital period of 2.88 years and an eccentricity of 0.30. We also predict the astrometric microlensing signal for this binary lens as it will be seen by Gaia as well as the radial velocity curve for the binary system. Events such as Gaia16aye indicate the potential for the microlensing method of probing the mass function of dark objects, including black holes, in directions other than that of the Galactic bulge. This case also emphasises the importance of long-term time-domain coordinated observations that can be made with a network of heterogeneous telescopes., Comment: accepted for publication in A&A, 24 pages, 10 figures, tables with the data will be available electronically
Published: 2019
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33. Local disc model in view of Gaia DR1 and RAVE data

Author: Sysoliatina, K., Just, A., Koutsouridou, I., Grebel, E. K., Kordopatis, G., Steinmetz, M., Bienaymé, O., Gibson, B. K., Navarro, J., Reid, W., and Seabroke, G.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We test the performance of the semi-analytic self-consistent Just-Jahrei{\ss} disc model (JJ model) with the astrometric data from the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) sub-catalogue of the first Gaia data release (Gaia DR1), as well as the radial velocities from the fifth data release of the Radial Velocity Experiment survey (RAVE DR5). We use a sample of 19,746 thin disc stars from the TGAS$\times$RAVE cross-match selected in the local solar cylinder of 300 pc radius and 1 kpc height below the Galactic plane and simulate this sample via the forward modelling technique. First, we convert the predicted vertical density laws of the thin disc populations into a mock sample. Then the obtained mock populations are reddened with a 3D dust map and are subjected to the selection criteria corresponding to the RAVE and TGAS observational limitations as well as to additional cuts applied to the data sample. We calculate the quantities of interest separately at different heights above the Galactic plane taking into account the distance error effects separately in horizontal and vertical directions. We investigate the simulated sample in terms of the vertical number density profiles, Hess diagrams and velocity distribution functions. Basing on a good agreement of our simulations with the data, we conclude that our fiducial disc model confidently reproduces the vertical trends in the thin disc stellar population properties. Thus, it can serve as a starting point for the future extension of the JJ model to other Galactocentric distances., Comment: 16 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy&Astrophysics
Published: 2018
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34. The Galactic warp revealed by Gaia DR2 kinematics

Author: Poggio, E., Drimmel, R., Lattanzi, M. G., Smart, R. L., Spagna, A., Andrae, R., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Fouesneau, M., Antoja, T., Babusiaux, C., Evans, D. W., Figueras, F., Katz, D., Reylé, C., Robin, A. C., Romero-Gómez, M., and Seabroke, G. M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Using Gaia DR2 astrometry, we map the kinematic signature of the Galactic stellar warp out to a distance of 7 kpc from the Sun. Combining Gaia DR2 and 2MASS photometry, we identify, via a probabilistic approach, 599 494 upper main sequence stars and 12 616 068 giants without the need for individual extinction estimates. The spatial distribution of the upper main sequence stars clearly shows segments of the nearest spiral arms. The large-scale kinematics of both the upper main sequence and giant populations show a clear signature of the warp of the Milky Way, apparent as a gradient of 5-6 km/s in the vertical velocities from 8 to 14 kpc in Galactic radius. The presence of the signal in both samples, which have different typical ages, suggests that the warp is a gravitationally induced phenomenon., Comment: 5 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Published: 2018
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35. A dynamically young and perturbed Milky Way disk

Author: Antoja, T., Helmi, A., Romero-Gomez, M., Katz, D., Babusiaux, C., Drimmel, R., Evans, D. W., Figueras, F., Poggio, E., Reyle, C., Robin, A. C., Seabroke, G., and Soubiran, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The evolution of the Milky Way disk, which contains most of the stars in the Galaxy, is affected by several phenomena. For example, the bar and the spiral arms of the Milky Way induce radial migration of stars and can trap or scatter stars close to orbital resonances. External perturbations from satellite galaxies can also have a role, causing dynamical heating of the Galaxy, ring-like structures in the disk and correlations between different components of the stellar velocity. These perturbations can also cause 'phase wrapping' signatures in the disk, such as arched velocity structures in the motions of stars in the Galactic plane. Some manifestations of these dynamical processes have already been detected, including kinematic substructure in samples of nearby stars, density asymmetries and velocities across the Galactic disk that differ from the axisymmetric and equilibrium expectations, especially in the vertical direction, and signatures of incomplete phase mixing in the disk. Here we report an analysis of the motions of six million stars in the Milky Way disk. We show that the phase-space distribution contains different substructures with various morphologies, such as snail shells and ridges, when spatial and velocity coordinates are combined. We infer that the disk must have been perturbed between 300 million and 900 million years ago, consistent with estimates of the previous pericentric passage of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. Our findings show that the Galactic disk is dynamically young and that modelling it as time-independent and axisymmetric is incorrect., Comment: Published in Nature. Final accepted version here: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0510-7 and full-text access via SharedIt link: https://rdcu.be/7c1o
Published: 2018
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36. Gaia Radial Velocity Spectrometer

Author: Cropper, M., Katz, D., Sartoretti, P., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Chassat, F., Charvet, P., Boyadijan, J., Perryman, M., Sarri, G., Gare, P., Erdmann, M., Munari, U., Zwitter, T., Wilkinson, M., Arenou, F., Vallenari, A., Gómez, A., Panuzzo, P., Seabroke, G., Prieto, C. Allende, Benson, K., Marchal, O., Huckle, H., Smith, M., Dolding, C., Janßen, K., Viala, Y., Blomme, R., Baker, S., Boudreault, S., Crifo, F., Soubiran, C., Frémat, Y., Jasniewicz, G., Guerrier, A., Guy, L. P., Turon, C., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Thévenin, F., David, M., Gosset, E., and Damerdji, Y.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: This paper presents the specification, design, and development of the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) on the European Space Agency's Gaia mission. Starting with the rationale for the full six dimensions of phase space in the dynamical modelling of the Galaxy, the scientific goals and derived top-level instrument requirements are discussed, leading to a brief description of the initial concepts for the instrument. The main part of the paper is a description of the flight RVS, considering the optical design, the focal plane, the detection and acquisition chain, and the as-built performance drivers and critical technical areas. After presenting the pre-launch performance predictions, the paper concludes with the post-launch developments and mitigation strategies, together with a summary of the in-flight performance at the end of commissioning., Comment: 19 pages, 20 figures. Associated with the Gaia Data Release 2
Published: 2018
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37. Gaia Data Release 2: The catalogue of radial velocity standard stars

Author: Soubiran, C., Jasniewicz, G., Chemin, L., Zurbach, C., Brouillet, N., Panuzzo, P., Sartoretti, P., Katz, D., Campion, J. -F. Le, Marchal, O., Hestroffer, D., Thévenin, F., Crifo, F., Udry, S., Cropper, M., Seabroke, G., Viala, Y., Benson, K., Blomme, R., Jean-Antoine, A., Huckle, H., Smith, M., Baker, S. G., Damerdji, Y., Dolding, C., Frémat, Y., Gosset, E., Guerrier, A., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Janßen, K., Plum, G., Fabre, C., Lasne, Y., Pailler, F., Panem, C., Riclet, F., Royer, F., Tauran, G., Zwitter, T., Gueguen, A., and Turon, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Aims. The Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) on board the ESA satellite mission Gaia has no calibration device. Therefore, the radial velocity zero point needs to be calibrated with stars that are proved to be stable at a level of 300 m/s during the Gaia observations. Methods. We compiled a dataset of ~71000 radial velocity measurements from five high-resolution spectrographs. A catalogue of 4813 stars was built by combining these individual measurements. The zero point was established using asteroids. Results. The resulting catalogue has seven observations per star on average on a typical time baseline of six years, with a median standard deviation of 15 m/s. A subset of the most stable stars fulfilling the RVS requirements was used to establish the radial velocity zero point provided in Gaia Data Release 2. The stars that were not used for calibration are used to validate the RVS data., Comment: to be published in A&A special issue on Gaia DR2
Published: 2018
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38. Gaia Data Release 2: Properties and validation of the radial velocities

Author: Katz, D., Sartoretti, P., Cropper, M., Panuzzo, P., Seabroke, G. M., Viala, Y., Benson, K., Blomme, R., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine, A., Huckle, H., Smith, M., Baker, S., Crifo, F., Damerdji, Y., David, M., Dolding, C., Frémat, Y., Gosset, E., Guerrier, A., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Janßen, K., Marchal, O., Plum, G., Soubiran, C., Thévenin, F., Ajaj, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Babusiaux, C., Boudreault, S., Chemin, L., Luche, C. Delle, Fabre, C., Gueguen, A., Hambly, N. C., Lasne, Y., Meynadier, F., Pailler, F., Panem, C., Royer, F., Tauran, G., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Arenou, F., Bossini, D., Gomez, A., Lemaitre, V., Leclerc, N., Morel, T., Munari, U., Turon, C., Vallenari, A., and Žerjal, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: For Gaia DR2 (GDR2), 280 million spectra, collected by the RVS instrument on-board Gaia, were processed and median radial velocities were derived for 9.8 million sources brighter than Grvs = 12 mag. This paper describes the validation and properties of the median radial velocities published in GDR2. Quality tests and filters are applied to select, from the 9.8 million radial velocities, those with the quality to be published in GDR2. The accuracy of the selected sample is assessed with respect to ground-based catalogues. Its precision is estimated using both ground-based catalogues and the distribution of the Gaia radial velocity uncertainties. GDR2 contains median radial velocities for 7 224 631 stars, with Teff in the range [3550, 6900] K, which passed succesfully the quality tests. The published median radial velocities provide a full sky-coverage and have a completness with respect to the astrometric data of 77.2\% (for $G \leq 12.5$ mag). The median radial velocity residuals with respect to the ground-based surveys vary from one catalogue to another, but do not exceed a few 100s m/s. In addition, the Gaia radial velocities show a positive trend as a function of magnitude, which starts around Grvs $\sim 9$ mag and reaches about $+500$ m/s at Grvs $= 11.75$ mag. The overall precision, estimated from the median of the Gaia radial velocity uncertainties, is 1.05 km/s. The radial velocity precision is function of many parameters, in particular the magnitude and effective temperature. For bright stars, Grvs in [4, 8] mag, the precision is in the range 200-350 m/s, which is about 3 to 5 times more precise than the pre-launch specification of 1 km/s. At the faint end, Grvs = 11.75 mag, the precisions for Teff = 5000 K and 6500 K are respectively 1.4 km/s and 3.7 km/s., Comment: Submitted to A&A
Published: 2018
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39. Gaia Data Release 2: Observational Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Babusiaux, C., van Leeuwen, F., Barstow, M. A., Jordi, C., Vallenari, A., Bossini, D., Bressan, A., Cantat-Gaudin, T., van Leeuwen, M., Brown, A. G. A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., DeAngeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., DeRidder, J., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., Galluccio, L., García-Torres, M., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernández, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, A. J., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Löffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Süveges, M., Torra, J., vanReeven, W., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, P. S., Barrado, D., Barros, M., Muñoz, S. Bartholomé, Bassilana, J. -L., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., deLaverny, P., DeLuise, F., DeMarch, R., deMartino, D., deSouza, R., deTorres, A., Debosscher, J., delPozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Eriksson, K., Esquej, P., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Frézouls, B., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Granvik, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janßen, K., JevardatdeFombelle, G., Jonker, P. G., Juhász, Á. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B., LeFustec, Y., LePoncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., López, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordénovic, C., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sellés, T. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Ségransan, D., Shih, I-C., Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., SoriaNieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Thuillot, W., Titarenko, A., TorraClotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., vanElteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., vonEssen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We highlight the power of the Gaia DR2 in studying many fine structures of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD). Gaia allows us to present many different HRDs, depending in particular on stellar population selections. We do not aim here for completeness in terms of types of stars or stellar evolutionary aspects. Instead, we have chosen several illustrative examples. We describe some of the selections that can be made in Gaia DR2 to highlight the main structures of the Gaia HRDs. We select both field and cluster (open and globular) stars, compare the observations with previous classifications and with stellar evolutionary tracks, and we present variations of the Gaia HRD with age, metallicity, and kinematics. Late stages of stellar evolution such as hot subdwarfs, post-AGB stars, planetary nebulae, and white dwarfs are also analysed, as well as low-mass brown dwarf objects. The Gaia HRDs are unprecedented in both precision and coverage of the various Milky Way stellar populations and stellar evolutionary phases. Many fine structures of the HRDs are presented. The clear split of the white dwarf sequence into hydrogen and helium white dwarfs is presented for the first time in an HRD. The relation between kinematics and the HRD is nicely illustrated. Two different populations in a classical kinematic selection of the halo are unambiguously identified in the HRD. Membership and mean parameters for a selected list of open clusters are provided. They allow drawing very detailed cluster sequences, highlighting fine structures, and providing extremely precise empirical isochrones that will lead to more insight in stellar physics. Gaia DR2 demonstrates the potential of combining precise astrometry and photometry for large samples for studies in stellar evolution and stellar population and opens an entire new area for HRD-based studies., Comment: Published in the A&A Gaia Data Release 2 special issue. Tables 2 and A.4 corrected. Tables available at http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/616/A10
Published: 2018
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40. Gaia Data Release 2: Processing the spectroscopic data

Author: Sartoretti, P., Katz, D., Cropper, M., Panuzzo, P., Seabroke, G. M., Viala, Y., Benson, K., Blomme, R., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine, A., Huckle, H., Smith, M., Baker, S., Crifo, F., Damerdji, Y., David, M., Dolding, C., Fremat, Y., Gosset, E., Guerrier, A., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Janssen, K., Marchal, O., Plum, G., Soubiran, C., Thevenin, F., Ajaj, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Babusiaux, C., Boudreault, S., Chemin, L., Luche, C. Delle, Fabre, C., Gueguen, A., Hambly, N. C., Lasne, Y., Meynadier, F., Pailler, F., Panem, C., Riclet, F., Royer, F., Tauran, G., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Arenou, F., Gomez, A., Lemaitre, V., Leclerc, N., Morel, T., Munari, U., Turon, C., and Zerjal, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The Gaia Data Release 2 contains the 1st release of radial velocities complementing the kinematic data of a sample of about 7 million relatively bright, late-type stars. Aims: This paper provides a detailed description of the Gaia spectroscopic data processing pipeline, and of the approach adopted to derive the radial velocities presented in DR2. Methods: The pipeline must perform four main tasks: (i) clean and reduce the spectra observed with the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS); (ii) calibrate the RVS instrument, including wavelength, straylight, line-spread function, bias non-uniformity, and photometric zeropoint; (iii) extract the radial velocities; and (iv) verify the accuracy and precision of the results. The radial velocity of a star is obtained through a fit of the RVS spectrum relative to an appropriate synthetic template spectrum. An additional task of the spectroscopic pipeline was to provide 1st-order estimates of the stellar atmospheric parameters required to select such template spectra. We describe the pipeline features and present the detailed calibration algorithms and software solutions we used to produce the radial velocities published in DR2. Results: The spectroscopic processing pipeline produced median radial velocities for Gaia stars with narrow-band near-IR magnitude Grvs < 12 (i.e. brighter than V~13). Stars identified as double-lined spectroscopic binaries were removed from the pipeline, while variable stars, single-lined, and non-detected double-lined spectroscopic binaries were treated as single stars. The scatter in radial velocity among different observations of a same star, also published in DR2, provides information about radial velocity variability. For the hottest (Teff > 7000 K) and coolest (Teff < 3500 K) stars, the accuracy and precision of the stellar parameter estimates are not sufficient to allow selection of appropriate templates. [Abridged], Comment: 25 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in A&A as part of the Gaia 2nd data release special issue
Published: 2018
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41. Gaia Data Release 2: Mapping the Milky Way disc kinematics

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Katz, D., Antoja, T., Romero-Gómez, M., Drimmel, R., Reylé, C., Seabroke, G. M., Soubiran, C., Babusiaux, C., Di Matteo, P., Figueras, F., Poggio, E., Robin, A. C., Evans, D. W., and co-authors, 440 DPAC
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: To illustrate the potential of GDR2, we provide a first look at the kinematics of the Milky Way disc, within a radius of several kiloparsecs around the Sun. We benefit for the first time from a sample of 6.4 million F-G-K stars with full 6D phase-space coordinates, precise parallaxes, and precise Galactic cylindrical velocities . From this sample, we extracted a sub-sample of 3.2 million giant stars to map the velocity field of the Galactic disc from $\sim$5~kpc to $\sim$13~kpc from the Galactic centre and up to 2~kpc above and below the plane. We also study the distribution of 0.3 million solar neighbourhood stars ($r < 200$~pc), with median velocity uncertainties of 0.4~km/s, in velocity space and use the full sample to examine how the over-densities evolve in more distant regions. GDR2 allows us to draw 3D maps of the Galactocentric median velocities and velocity dispersions with unprecedented accuracy, precision, and spatial resolution. The maps show the complexity and richness of the velocity field of the galactic disc. We observe streaming motions in all the components of the velocities as well as patterns in the velocity dispersions. For example, we confirm the previously reported negative and positive galactocentric radial velocity gradients in the inner and outer disc, respectively. Here, we see them as part of a non-axisymmetric kinematic oscillation, and we map its azimuthal and vertical behaviour. We also witness a new global arrangement of stars in the velocity plane of the solar neighbourhood and in distant regions in which stars are organised in thin substructures with the shape of circular arches that are oriented approximately along the horizontal direction in the $U-V$ plane. Moreover, in distant regions, we see variations in the velocity substructures more clearly than ever before, in particular, variations in the velocity of the Hercules stream. (abridged), Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Gaia DR2 special issue
Published: 2018
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42. Gaia Data Release 2. Calibration and mitigation of electronic offset effects in the data

Author: Hambly, N. C., Cropper, M., Boudreault, S., Crowley, C., Kohley, R., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Dolding, C., Fabricius, C., Seabroke, G., Davidson, M., Rowell, N., Collins, R., Cross, N., Martin-Fleitas, J., Baker, S., Smith, M., Sartoretti, P., Marchal, O., Katz, D., de Angeli, F., Busso, G., Riello, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Els, S., Corcione, L., Masana, E., Luri, X., Chassat, F., Fusero, F., Pasquier, J. F., Vetel, C., Sarri, G., and Gare, P.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The European Space Agency Gaia satellite was launched into orbit around L2 in December 2013. This ambitious mission has strict requirements on residual systematic errors resulting from instrumental corrections in order to meet a design goal of sub-10 microarcsecond astrometry. During the design and build phase of the science instruments, various critical calibrations were studied in detail to ensure that this goal could be met in orbit. In particular, it was determined that the video-chain offsets on the analogue side of the analogue-to-digital conversion electronics exhibited instabilities that could not be mitigated fully by modifications to the flight hardware. We provide a detailed description of the behaviour of the electronic offset levels on microsecond timescales, identifying various systematic effects that are known collectively as offset non-uniformities. The effects manifest themselves as transient perturbations on the gross zero-point electronic offset level that is routinely monitored as part of the overall calibration process. Using in-orbit special calibration sequences along with simple parametric models, we show how the effects can be calibrated, and how these calibrations are applied to the science data. While the calibration part of the process is relatively straightforward, the application of the calibrations during science data processing requires a detailed on-ground reconstruction of the readout timing of each charge-coupled device (CCD) sample on each device in order to predict correctly the highly time-dependent nature of the corrections. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our offset non-uniformity models in mitigating the effects in Gaia data. We demonstrate for all CCDs and operating instrument and modes on board Gaia that the video-chain noise-limited performance is recovered in the vast majority of science samples., Comment: 20 pages, 30 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2018
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43. Coma Berenices: first evidence for incomplete vertical phase-mixing in local velocity space with RAVE - confirmed with Gaia DR2

Author: Monari, G., Famaey, B., Minchev, I., Antoja, T., Bienayme, O., Gibson, B. K., Grebel, E. K., Kordopatis, G., McMillan, P., Navarro, J., Parker, Q. A., Quillen, A. C., Reid, W., Seabroke, G., Siebert, A., Steinmetz, M., Wyse, R. F. G., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Before the publication of the Gaia DR2 we confirmed with RAVE and TGAS an observation recently made with the GALAH survey by Quillen ey al. concerning the Coma Berenices moving group in the Solar neighbourhood, namely that it is only present at negative Galactic latitudes. This allowed us to show that it is coherent in vertical velocity, providing a first evidence for incomplete vertical phase-mixing. We estimated for the first time from dynamical arguments that the moving group must have formed at most ~ 1.5 Gyr ago, and related this to a pericentric passage of the Sagittarius dwarf satellite galaxy. The present note is a rewritten version of the original arXiv post on this result now also including a confirmation of our finding with Gaia DR2., Comment: AAS Research Notes
Published: 2018

44. The local rotation curve of the Milky Way based on SEGUE and RAVE data

Author: Sysoliatina, K., Just, A., Golubov, O., Parker, Q. A., Grebel, E. K., Kordopatis, G., Zwitter, T., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Gibson, B. K., Kunder, A., Munari, U., Navarro, J., Reid, W., Seabroke, G., Steinmetz, M., and Watson, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We construct the rotation curve of the Milky Way in the extended solar neighbourhood using a sample of SEGUE (Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration) G-dwarfs. We investigate the rotation curve shape for the presence of any peculiarities just outside the solar radius as has been reported by some authors. We approach the problem in a framework of classical Jeans analysis. Using the most recent data from RAVE (RAdial Velocity Experiment), we determine the solar peculiar velocity and the radial scalelengths for the three populations of different metallicities representing the Galactic thin disc. Then with the same binning in metallicity for the SEGUE G-dwarfs, we construct the rotation curve in the range of Galactocentric distances 7-10 kpc. We derive the circular velocity by correcting the mean tangential velocity for the asymmetric drift in each distance bin. With SEGUE data we also calculate the radial scalelength of the thick disc taking as known the derived peculiar motion of the Sun and the slope of the rotation curve. The rotation curve constructed through SEGUE G-dwarfs appears to be smooth in the selected radial range. The local kinematics of the thin disc rotation as determined in the framework of our new careful analysis does not favour the presence of a massive overdensity ring just outside the solar radius., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures. To be published in Astronomy&Astrophysics
Published: 2018
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45. Is the Milky Way still breathing? RAVE-Gaia streaming motions

Author: Carrillo, I., Minchev, I., Kordopatis, G., Steinmetz, M., Binney, J., Anders, F., Bienaymé, O., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Famaey, B., Freeman, K. C., Gilmore, G., Gibson, B. K., Grebel, E. K., Helmi, A., Just, A., Kunder, A., McMillan, P., Monari, G., Munari, U., Navarro, J., Parker, Q. A., Reid, W., Seabroke, G., Sharma, S., Siebert, A., Watson, F., Wojno, J., Wyse, R. F. G., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We use data from the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) and the Tycho-Gaia astrometric solution catalogue (TGAS) to compute the velocity fields yielded by the radial (VR), azimuthal (Vphi) and vertical (Vz) components of associated Galactocentric velocity. We search in particular for variation in all three velocity components with distance above and below the disc midplane, as well as how each component of Vz (line-of-sight and tangential velocity projections) modifies the obtained vertical structure. To study the dependence of velocity on proper motion and distance we use two main samples: a RAVE sample including proper motions from the Tycho-2, PPMXL and UCAC4 catalogues, and a RAVE-TGAS sample with inferred distances and proper motions from the TGAS and UCAC5 catalogues. In both samples, we identify asymmetries in VR and Vz. Below the plane we find the largest radial gradient to be dVR / dR = -7.01+- 0.61 km\s kpc, in agreement with recent studies. Above the plane we find a similar gradient with dVR / dR= -9.42+- 1.77 km\s kpc. By comparing our results with previous studies, we find that the structure in Vz is strongly dependent on the adopted proper motions. Using the Galaxia Milky Way model, we demonstrate that distance uncertainties can create artificial wave-like patterns. In contrast to previous suggestions of a breathing mode seen in RAVE data, our results support a combination of bending and breathing modes, likely generated by a combination of external or internal and external mechanisms., Comment: 19 p., 17 fig., accepted MNRAS
Published: 2017
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46. Climbing the cosmic ladder with stellar twins in RAVE with Gaia

Author: Jofre, P., Traven, G., Hawkins, K., Gilmore, G., Sanders, J. L., Maedler, T., Steinmetz, M., Kunder, A., Kordopatis, G., McMillan, P., Biename, O., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Gibson, B. K., Grebel, E. K., Munari, U., Navarro, J., Parker, Q., Reid, W., Seabroke, G., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We apply the twin method to determine parallaxes to 232,545 stars of the RAVE survey using the parallaxes of Gaia DR1 as a reference. To search for twins in this large dataset, we apply the t-stochastic neighbour embedding t-SNE projection which distributes the data according to their spectral morphology on a two dimensional map. From this map we choose the twin candidates for which we calculate a chi^2 to select the best sets of twins. Our results show a competitive performance when compared to other model-dependent methods relying on stellar parameters and isochrones. The power of the method is shown by finding that the accuracy of our results is not significantly affected if the stars are normal or peculiar since the method is model free. We find twins for 60% of the RAVE sample which is not contained in TGAS or that have TGAS uncertainties which are larger than 20%. We could determine parallaxes with typical errors of 28%. We provide a complementary dataset for the RAVE stars not covered by TGAS, or that have TGAS uncertainties which are larger than 20%, with model-free parallaxes scaled to the Gaia measurements., Comment: MNRAS accepted
Published: 2017
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47. Gaia Data Release 1. Testing the parallaxes with local Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars

Author: Gaia Collaboration, Clementini, G., Eyer, L., Ripepi, V., Marconi, M., Muraveva, T., Garofalo, A., Sarro, L. M., Palmer, M., Luri, X., Molinaro, R., Rimoldini, L., Szabados, L., Musella, I., Anderson, R. I., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Høg, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernández, J., Jean-Azntoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Frémat, Y., García-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Antón, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Navascués, D. Barrado y, Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., García, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Anjos, S. Dos, Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernánde, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., González-Marcos, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gúrpide, A., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofré, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Löffler, W., López, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhães, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, M., Molnár, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Ordieres-Meré, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikäinen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sellés, T. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escudé, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chéreau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Luche, C. Delle, Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frézouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gómez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Péturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straižys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Parallaxes for 331 classical Cepheids, 31 Type II Cepheids and 364 RR Lyrae stars in common between Gaia and the Hipparcos and Tycho-2 catalogues are published in Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) as part of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). In order to test these first parallax measurements of the primary standard candles of the cosmological distance ladder, that involve astrometry collected by Gaia during the initial 14 months of science operation, we compared them with literature estimates and derived new period-luminosity ($PL$), period-Wesenheit ($PW$) relations for classical and Type II Cepheids and infrared $PL$, $PL$-metallicity ($PLZ$) and optical luminosity-metallicity ($M_V$-[Fe/H]) relations for the RR Lyrae stars, with zero points based on TGAS. The new relations were computed using multi-band ($V,I,J,K_{\mathrm{s}},W_{1}$) photometry and spectroscopic metal abundances available in the literature, and applying three alternative approaches: (i) by linear least squares fitting the absolute magnitudes inferred from direct transformation of the TGAS parallaxes, (ii) by adopting astrometric-based luminosities, and (iii) using a Bayesian fitting approach. TGAS parallaxes bring a significant added value to the previous Hipparcos estimates. The relations presented in this paper represent first Gaia-calibrated relations and form a "work-in-progress" milestone report in the wait for Gaia-only parallaxes of which a first solution will become available with Gaia's Data Release 2 (DR2) in 2018., Comment: 29 pages, 25 figures. Accepted for publication by A&A
Published: 2017
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48. Very metal-poor stars observed by the RAVE survey

Author: Matijevič, G., Chiappini, C., Grebel, E. K., Wyse, R. F. G., Zwitter, T., Bienaymé, O., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Freeman, K. C., Gibson, B. K., Gilmore, G., Helmi, A., Kordopatis, G., Kunder, A., Munari, U., Navarro, J. F., Parker, Q. A., Reid, W., Seabroke, G., Siviero, A., Steinmetz, M., and Watson, F.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present a novel analysis of the metal-poor star sample in the complete Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) Data Release 5 catalog with the goal of identifying and characterizing all very metal-poor stars observed by the survey. Using a three-stage method, we first identified the candidate stars using only their spectra as input information. We employed an algorithm called t-SNE to construct a low-dimensional projection of the spectrum space and isolate the region containing metal-poor stars. Following this step, we measured the equivalent widths of the near-infrared CaII triplet lines with a method based on flexible Gaussian processes to model the correlated noise present in the spectra. In the last step, we constructed a calibration relation that converts the measured equivalent widths and the color information coming from the 2MASS and WISE surveys into metallicity and temperature estimates. We identified 877 stars with at least a 50% probability of being very metal-poor $(\rm [Fe/H] < -2\,\rm dex)$, out of which 43 are likely extremely metal-poor $(\rm [Fe/H] < -3\,\rm dex )$. The comparison of the derived values to a small subsample of stars with literature metallicity values shows that our method works reliably and correctly estimates the uncertainties, which typically have values $\sigma_{\rm [Fe/H]} \approx 0.2\,\mathrm{dex}$. In addition, when compared to the metallicity results derived using the RAVE DR5 pipeline, it is evident that we achieve better accuracy than the pipeline and therefore more reliably evaluate the very metal-poor subsample. Based on the repeated observations of the same stars, our method gives very consistent results. The method used in this work can also easily be extended to other large-scale data sets, including to the data from the Gaia mission and the upcoming 4MOST survey., Comment: Accepted by A&A
Published: 2017
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49. Gaia Data Release 1. Open cluster astrometry: performance, limitations, and future prospects

Author: Gaia Collaboration, van Leeuwen, F., Vallenari, A., Jordi, C., Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Høg, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernández, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thévenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Frémat, Y., García-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L., Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, A. J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M., Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Antón, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Navascués, D. Barrado y, Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., García, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Anjos, S. Dos, Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A. J., Casas, M. Farràs, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., González-Marcos, A., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gúrpide, A., Gutiérrez-Sánchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofré, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B., Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le, Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Löffer, W., López, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhães, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D. J., Martín-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molinaro, M., Molnár, L., Moniez, M., Montegrio, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordénovic, C., Ordieres-Meré, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikäinen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sellés, T. Sagristà, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C., Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Süveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingril, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escudé, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernsteiny, H. -H., Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M., Bunclarky, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chéreau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Luche, C. Delle, Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frézouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardio, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gómez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M., Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W., Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, O., Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T., Nordlander, T., O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Péturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poelsy, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straižys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M., Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. The first Gaia Data Release contains the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). This is a subset of about 2 million stars for which, besides the position and photometry, the proper motion and parallax are calculated using Hipparcos and Tycho-2 positions in 1991.25 as prior information. Aims. We investigate the scientific potential and limitations of the TGAS component by means of the astrometric data for open clusters. Methods. Mean cluster parallax and proper motion values are derived taking into account the error correlations within the astrometric solutions for individual stars, an estimate of the internal velocity dispersion in the cluster, and, where relevant, the effects of the depth of the cluster along the line of sight. Internal consistency of the TGAS data is assessed. Results. Values given for standard uncertainties are still inaccurate and may lead to unrealistic unit-weight standard deviations of least squares solutions for cluster parameters. Reconstructed mean cluster parallax and proper motion values are generally in very good agreement with earlier Hipparcos-based determination, although the Gaia mean parallax for the Pleiades is a significant exception. We have no current explanation for that discrepancy. Most clusters are observed to extend to nearly 15 pc from the cluster centre, and it will be up to future Gaia releases to establish whether those potential cluster-member stars are still dynamically bound to the clusters. Conclusions. The Gaia DR1 provides the means to examine open clusters far beyond their more easily visible cores, and can provide membership assessments based on proper motions and parallaxes. A combined HR diagram shows the same features as observed before using the Hipparcos data, with clearly increased luminosities for older A and F dwarfs., Comment: Accepted for publication by A&A. 21 pages main text plus 46 pages appendices. 34 figures main text, 38 figures appendices. 8 table in main text, 19 tables in appendices
Published: 2017
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50. Asymmetric metallicity patterns in the stellar velocity space with RAVE

Author: Antoja, T., Kordopatis, G., Helmi, A., Monari, G., Famaey, B., Wyse, R. F. G., Grebel, E. K., Steinmetz, M., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Gibson, B. K., Bienayme, O., Navarro, J. F., Parker, Q. A., Reid, W., Seabroke, G., Siebert, A., Siviero, A., and Zwitter, T.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We explore the correlations between velocity and metallicity and the possible distinct chemical signatures of the velocity over-densities of the local Galactic neighbourhood. We use the large spectroscopic survey RAVE and the Geneva Copenhagen Survey. We compare the metallicity distribution of regions in the velocity plane ($v_R,v_\phi$) with that of their symmetric counterparts ($-v_R,v_\phi$). We expect similar metallicity distributions if there are no tracers of a sub-population (e.g., a dispersed cluster, accreted stars), if the disk of the Galaxy is axisymmetric, and if the orbital effects of the spiral arms and the bar are weak. We find that the metallicity-velocity space of the solar neighbourhood is highly patterned. A large fraction of the velocity plane shows differences in the metallicity distribution when comparing symmetric $v_R$ regions. The typical differences in the median metallicity are of $0.05$ dex with a statistical significance of at least $95\%$, and with values up to $0.6$ dex. For low azimuthal velocity $v_\phi$, stars moving outwards in the Galaxy have on average higher metallicity than those moving inwards. These include stars in the Hercules and Hyades moving groups and other velocity branch-like structures. For higher $v_\phi$, the stars moving inwards have higher metallicity than those moving outwards. The most likely interpretation of the metallicity asymmetry is that it is due to the orbital effects of the bar and the radial metallicity gradient of the disk. We present a simulation that supports this idea. We have also discovered a positive gradient in $v_\phi$ with respect to metallicity at high metallicities, apart from the two known positive and negative gradients for the thick and thin disks, respectively., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, minor corrections to resemble the published version
Published: 2017
Full Text: View/download PDF

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