1,897 results on '"Scope"'
Search Results
2. Splitting versus lumping: narrowing a theory's scope may increase its value.
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Siponen, Mikko, Klaavuniemi, Tuula, and Xiao, Quan
- Abstract
Specialisation, by seeking theoretically deeper explanations or more accurate predictions, is common in the sciences. It typically involves splitting, where one model is further divided into several or even hundreds of narrow-scope models. The Information Systems (IS) literature does not discuss such splitting. On the contrary, many seminal IS studies report that a narrow scope is less strong, less interesting, or less useful than a wider scope. In this commentary, we want to raise the awareness of the IS community that in modern scientific progress, specialisation – an activity that generally narrows the scope and decreases the generalisability of a hypothesis – is important. The philosophy of science discusses such positive developments as splitting and trading off a wide scope in favour of accuracy. Narrowing the scope may increase value, especially in sciences where practical applicability is valued. If the IS community generally prefers a wider scope, then we run the risk of not having the information necessary to understand IS phenomena in detail. IS research must understand splitting, how it results in narrowing the scope, and why it is performed for exploratory or predictive reasons in variance, process, and stage models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Development Strategy of Dermal and Transdermal Formulation: Synergistic Effect of Chemical Penetration Enhancers
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Špaglová M., Žigrayová D., and Krchňák D.
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chemical penetration enhancer ,permeation ,synergistic effect ,scope ,Medicine - Abstract
The skin is an attractive site for direct administration of drugs due to its easy access and patient compliance. The strategy in the development of a dermal pharmaceutical and a cosmetic product lies in a selection of suitable excipients capable of delivering the drug or active pharmaceutical ingredient at the site of its action. The key moment is overcoming the least permeable skin layer stratum corneum. Chemical penetration enhancers facilitate drug diffusion and accelerate drug delivery through the Stratum corneum, possibly in combination with hydration of the skin or increasing temperature. The paper summarises basic information about the most common chemical enhancers and the studies investigating the synergistic action of suitable combinations of chemical enhancers, which may also include microemulsions.
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- 2024
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4. Scope of neonatal care services in major Nigerian hospitals
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Okonkwo IR, Abhulimhen-Iyoha BI, and Okolo AA
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neonatal care ,scope ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Neonatal survival bespeaks the quality of neonatal care services available and ccessible to the population. Intensive care improves outcome of high-risk infants with serious illness. The tiered level of care is yet to be applied to newborn care in Nigeria. Classification of care is key to improving neonatal survival with enhanced referral of high-risk patients to higher-level centres. Objective: To ascertain the scope and classify available newborn services offered at major Nigerian hospitals. Methodology: A semi-structured validated questionnaire was administered to attendees during 2015 Pediatric Association of Nigeria conference. The information derived was used to categorize neonatal care services. Results: The respondents consisted of doctors 201 (84.8%) and nurses 36 (15.2%) in 54 health facilities from all geopolitical regions of Nigeria. Of the 54 facilities, 34 (63%) were located in state capitals and 47 (87%) in public hospitals. Half of the evaluated units belonged to Class I, 22 (40.7%) Class II, and 5 (9.3%) Class III levels of neonatal care. Majority (81.6%) of the doctors have been trained on neonatal resuscitation; with senior residents being the highest 49 (89%) and Medical officers (MO) the least 4 (40%) trained. Doctors with training in mechanical ventilation (MV) were 39.2%; Consultants (51.2%), MO’s the least 1(11.2%) trained (p=0.025). Monitoring is usually by pulse oximeters 54 (100%), multi parameter monitors 23 (42.6%) and rarely ABGs 6 (11%). Conclusion: Neonatal care in Nigeria is still developing. Most centres provide basic neonatal care services. Regionalization of care may be the solution to higher level neonatal care.
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- 2024
5. Planetary justice: a systematic analysis of an emerging discourse.
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Kalfagianni, Agni, Pedersen, Stefan, and Stevis, Dimitris
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DISCOURSE analysis - Abstract
Justice concerns have been central to contemporary social and ecological debates for decades but have only recently made inroads into the Earth system centric discourses on the Anthropocene and planetary boundaries. Our focus here is the emerging discourse on planetary justice which has aimed to be a corrective to this lacuna. Our goals in this paper are to delineate the general parameters and novel contributions of planetary justice while also recognizing the emergent variability within this discourse. In order to accomplish these goals we analyze the discourse through three interrelated analytical themes: First, how approaches to planetary justice envision
scope across different human practices and categories of humanity and nature. Second, how they envisionscale across space and time. Third, how they envision theecosocial purpose of planetary justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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6. Scope assignment in Quantifier-Negation sentences in Tibetan as a heritage language in China.
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Chen, Yunchuan and Huan, Tingting
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HERITAGE language speakers , *DIFFERENCES , *READING standards , *BILINGUALISM , *FORM (Logic) - Abstract
Quantifier-Negation sentences allow an inverse scope reading in Tibetan but not in Chinese. This difference can be attributed to the underlying syntactic difference: the negation word can be raised at Logical Form in Tibetan but not in Chinese. This study investigated whether Chinese-dominant Tibetan heritage speakers know such difference. We conducted a sentence–picture matching truth value judgment task with 28 Chinese-dominant Tibetan heritage speakers, 25 baseline Tibetan speakers and 31 baseline Chinese speakers. Our baseline data first confirmed the difference between Tibetan and Chinese: the inverse scope reading is allowed in Tibetan but prohibited in Chinese. Our heritage participants' data showed a divergence: one group of heritage speakers allow the inverse scope reading in both Tibetan and Chinese while another group prohibit it in both languages. There is a third group of heritage speakers who are aware of the difference between Tibetan and Chinese. Our findings suggest that while it is possible for heritage speakers to attain nativelike knowledge of an interface phenomenon that differs in their two languages, they may also be subject to crosslinguistic influence and adopt one of two opposite strategies. Both strategies can minimize syntactic differences between their two grammars so an economy of syntactic representations in their repository of grammars can be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Is degree abstraction a parameter or a universal? Evidence from Mandarin Chinese.
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Gong, Ying and Coppock, Elizabeth
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MANDARIN dialects ,JAPANESE language - Abstract
Mandarin Chinese, along with Japanese, Yorùbá, Mòoré, and Samoan, has been argued to lack 'degree abstraction', a configuration at LF involving lambda abstraction over a degree variable. These languages are claimed to have a negative setting for a hypothesized 'Degree Abstraction Parameter'. Recent work, however, has argued for degree abstraction in Japanese and Yorùbá, and degree abstraction has been detected in a number of additional languages. Could it in fact be universal? Here, we focus on the case of Mandarin, and argue that Mandarin has degree abstraction too. We offer three arguments in favor of degree abstraction in Mandarin, based on attributive comparatives, comparatives with embedded predicates, and scope interactions with modals. We also rebut prior arguments for the lack of degree abstraction in Mandarin, considering degree questions, measure phrases, and negative island effects. Taken together, these results show that degree abstraction is not a parameter along which Mandarin and English vary, and suggest rather that degree abstraction may be universally available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Profile of Pediatric Neurosurgery in Nigeria from 1962 to 2021: A Systematic Review.
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Oyemolade, Toyin A., Mukumbya, Benjamin, Oboh, Ehita N., Nischal, Shiva A., Ozobu, Ifeanyichukwu, Palla, Adhith, Ogundeji, Olaniyi D., Trillo-Ordonez, Yesel, Nwaribe, Evaristus E., Badejo, Oluwakemi A., Okere, Oghenekevwe E., Malomo, Toluyemi A., Abu-Bonsrah, Nancy, Oboh, Ena C., Seas, Andreas, Still, Megan E.H., Asemota, Isaac, Ugorji, Chiazam, Reddy, Ramya, and Rahman, Raphia
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NEURAL tube defects , *NEUROSURGERY , *CHILD patients , *COMPUTED tomography , *CEREBROSPINAL fluid shunts - Abstract
This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of pediatric neurosurgery in Nigeria, since 1962, by assessing epidemiological data, management strategies, and case outcomes. A systematic bibliometric review of Nigerian neurosurgical literature was reported with the PRISMA guidelines. The Risk of Bias Assessment Tool was applied to all nonrandomized studies, and a descriptive analysis was performed for all variables. We identified 12,295 pediatric patients from 196 published studies. Most publications (72.4%) occurred in the recent 2 decades, of which 40.3% were observational case reports/series. The patients were predominantly male (57.2%) and aged 0–18 years, with the majority (66.1%) belonging to the 0–5 age range. Most patients (63.4%) presented between 1–12 months. The most common presenting feature was altered consciousness (7.7%), with computed tomography (38.8%) being the most frequently utilized diagnostic imaging modality. The diagnoses with the greatest prevalence (60.2%) were congenital abnormalities such as hydrocephalus and neural tube defects. 57.5% of cases received surgical therapy, with ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement being the most noticeable procedure performed (36.4%). Complications were identified in 9.5% of cases, with a 4.5% death rate. The Glasgow Outcome Score (95.7%) was the primary outcome measure utilized, with positive outcomes reported in 59.3% of cases. This review provides significant epidemiological data which emphasizes the country's enormous burden of pediatric neurosurgical cases. The findings can help guide clinical decisions as well as future research and policy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. The Scope, Trends, and Challenges of Neurosurgical Research in Nigeria: A Bibliometric Review.
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Ukachukwu, Alvan-Emeka K., Ogundeji, Olaniyi D., Abu-Bonsrah, Nancy, Still, Megan E.H., Trillo-Ordonez, Yesel, Oboh, Ehita N., Nischal, Shiva A., Deng, Di D., Ugorji, Chiazam, Seas, Andreas, Badejo, Oluwakemi A., Malomo, Toluyemi A., Nwaribe, Evaristus E., Oyemolade, Toyin A., Okere, Oghenekevwe E., Oboh, Ena, Waguia-Kouam, Romaric, Rahman, Raphia, Asemota, Isaac, and Reddy, Ramya
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BIBLIOMETRICS , *BRAIN injuries , *CENTRAL nervous system , *EVIDENCE-based management , *MEDICAL research , *CENTRAL nervous system injuries , *GINGIVAL recession - Abstract
This study investigates the scope, trends, and challenges of neurosurgical research in Nigeria since inception of the specialty in 1962. A bibliometric review of the neurosurgical literature from Nigeria was performed. Variables extracted included year and journal of publication, article topic, article type, research type, study design, article focus area, and limitations. Descriptive and quantitative analyses were performed for all variables. Trends of research publications were described in three periods: pioneering (1962–1981), recession (1982–2001), and resurgent (2002–2021). Of the 1023 included articles, 10.0% were published in the pioneering period, 9.2% in the recession period, and 80.8% in the resurgent period. Papers were predominantly published in World Neurosurgery (4.5%) and Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice (4.0%). A total of 79.9% of the 4618 authors were from Nigerian institutions; 86.3% of the articles covered clinical research and were mainly focused on service delivery and epidemiology (89.9%). The most prominent topics were traumatic brain injury (25.8%) and central nervous system malignancy (21.4%). Only 4.4% of the publications received funding, mostly from agencies in the United States (31.7%). Barriers to neurosurgical research included lack of clinical databases (18.0%), increasing burden of disease (12.5%), and diagnostic challenges (12.4%). Neurosurgical research in Nigeria continues to grow due to increased training, workforce, and infrastructural improvements. Addressing the major challenges through establishment of research databases, development of evidence-based management guidelines, and increasing research training, funding and opportunities can increase research capacity in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. The diagnosis and management of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease-related interstitial lung disease: British Society for Rheumatology guideline scope.
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Hannah, Jennifer, Rodziewicz, Mia, Mehta, Puja, Heenan, Kerri-Marie, Ball, Elizabeth, Barratt, Shaney, Carty, Sara, Conway, Richard, Cotton, Caroline V, Cox, Sarah, Crawshaw, Anjali, Dawson, Julie, Desai, Sujal, Fahim, Ahmed, Fielding, Carol, Garton, Mark, George, Peter, Gunawardena, Harsha, Kelly, Clive, and Khan, Fasihul
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INTERSTITIAL lung diseases ,RHEUMATISM ,CONNECTIVE tissue diseases - Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a significant complication of many systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), although the clinical presentation, severity and outlook may vary widely between individuals. Despite the prevalence, there are no specific guidelines addressing the issue of screening, diagnosis and management of ILD across this diverse group. Guidelines from the ACR and EULAR are expected, but there is a need for UK-specific guidelines that consider the framework of the UK National Health Service, local licensing and funding strategies. This article outlines the intended scope for the British Society for Rheumatology guideline on the diagnosis and management of SARD-ILD developed by the guideline working group. It specifically identifies the SARDs for consideration, alongside the overarching principles for which systematic review will be conducted. Expert consensus will be produced based on the most up-to-date available evidence for inclusion within the final guideline. Key issues to be addressed include recommendations for screening of ILD, identifying the methodology and frequency of monitoring and pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. The guideline will be developed according to methods and processes outlined in Creating Clinical Guidelines: British Society for Rheumatology Protocol version 5.1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. There is only one más: Spanish que/de comparative alternation.
- Author
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Toquero-Pérez, Luis Miguel
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SPANISH language ,SYNTAX (Grammar) ,NUMERALS ,MORPHEMICS ,SEMANTICS - Abstract
Spanish has two forms to introduce comparative standards: que 'that' and de 'of.' The comparative morpheme is always the same más '-er/more.' While que-comparatives show no variation in their syntactic properties, there is significant variation within de-comparatives regarding extraposition, scope, ACD resolution and the syntax of comparative numerals. Despite this variation, I argue that a uniform account is possible. I propose that más has the same syntax across the board (i.e. it takes the late-merged standard as complement, Bhatt and Pancheva 2004) and semantically it is a generalized quantifier over degrees (Heim 2001). The analysis (i) ensures that más and the standard form a constituent, (ii) allows for inverse scope, ACD resolution inside the standard of comparison and extraposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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12. Evaluation of photosynthesis estimation from machine learning-based solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence downscaling from canopy to leaf level
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Hui Li, Hongyan Zhang, Yeqiao Wang, Jianjun Zhao, Zhiqiang Feng, Hongbing Chen, Xiaoyi Guo, Tao Xiong, Jingfeng Xiao, and Xing Li
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Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence ,Gross primary productivity ,Escape ratio ,Leaf level ,SCOPE ,TROPOMI ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is strongly correlated with gross primary productivity (GPP). Satellite-observed canopy SIF (SIFobs) captures only a part of the total leaf-emitted SIF (SIFtotal); therefore, SIFobs may hinder the interpretation of the physiological mechanism for GPP estimation. Furthermore, there are still significant discrepancies in the estimated SIFobs escape ratio (fesc) from the canopy to the leaf level with current methods. Here, we selected several vegetation canopy variables and downscaled SIFobs based on the Soil Canopy Observation, Photochemistry and Energy fluxes (SCOPE) model from the canopy to the leaf level using machine learning (ML) algorithms and then applied our method to the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) near-infrared (NIR) SIFobs. The results showed that simulating the fesc with SIFobs, TROPOMI NIR reflectance, and the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) avoided the effects of different sun-sensor geometry conditions introduced by different sensors and was more suitable for satellite-observed SIFobs downscaling. Our downscaled SIFtotal also correlated well with the flux site GPP in areas with sparse vegetation types. SIFtotal better reflected the photosynthetic differences among vegetation types and showed an enhanced relationship with absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) compared with SIFobs. We provide an efficient canopy-to-leaf SIFobs downscaling method improved SIFtotal and GPP estimation, and our results also demonstrated the potential for using SIFobs as vegetation information in sparse coverage areas.
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- 2024
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13. Introduction
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Gottschalk, Petter, Hamerton, Christopher, Gottschalk, Petter, and Hamerton, Christopher
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- 2024
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14. Dot-to-Dot Semantic Representation
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Butler, Alastair, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Bekki, Daisuke, editor, Mineshima, Koji, editor, and McCready, Elin, editor
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- 2024
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15. ICG 4.4, Optical Devices
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Baldari, Ludovica, Boni, Luigi, Porta, Massimiliano Della, Cassinotti, Elisa, Milone, Marco, editor, Agresta, Ferdinando, editor, Guerrieri, Mario, editor, Petz, Wanda, editor, Arezzo, Alberto, editor, and Casarano, Salvatore, editor
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- 2024
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16. Introduction to Social Work
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Islam, M. Rezaul and Islam, M. Rezaul
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- 2024
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17. Measurements of Inheritance Design Quality
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Helfrich, James N., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, and Arai, Kohei, editor
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- 2024
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18. Conclusion
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Gottschalk, Petter, Hamerton, Christopher, Gottschalk, Petter, and Hamerton, Christopher
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- 2024
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19. The Contractual Lens
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Langille, Brian, Davidov, Guy, book editor, Langille, Brian, book editor, and Lester, Gillian, book editor
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- 2024
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20. The SCOPE framework – implementing ideals of responsible research assessment [version 2; peer review: 2 approved with reservations]
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Laura Himanen, Erica Conte, Marianne Gauffriau, Tanja Strøm, Baron Wolf, and Elizabeth Gadd
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Method Article ,Articles ,Research evaluation ,responsible research assessment ,evaluation framework ,SCOPE - Abstract
Background Research and researchers are heavily evaluated, and over the past decade it has become widely acknowledged that the consequences of evaluating the research enterprise and particularly individual researchers are considerable. This has resulted in the publishing of several guidelines and principles to support moving towards more responsible research assessment (RRA). To ensure that research evaluation is meaningful, responsible, and effective the International Network of Research Management Societies (INORMS) Research Evaluation Group created the SCOPE framework enabling evaluators to deliver on existing principles of RRA. SCOPE bridges the gap between principles and their implementation by providing a structured five-stage framework by which evaluations can be designed and implemented, as well as evaluated. Methods SCOPE is a step-by-step process designed to help plan, design, and conduct research evaluations as well as check effectiveness of existing evaluations. In this article, four case studies are presented to show how SCOPE has been used in practice to provide value-based research evaluation. Results This article situates SCOPE within the international work towards more meaningful and robust research evaluation practices and shows through the four case studies how it can be used by different organisations to develop evaluations at different levels of granularity and in different settings. Conclusions The article demonstrates that the SCOPE framework is rooted firmly in the existing literature. In addition, it is argued that it does not simply translate existing principles of RRA into practice, but provides additional considerations not always addressed in existing RRA principles and practices thus playing a specific role in the delivery of RRA. Furthermore, the use cases show the value of SCOPE across a range of settings, including different institutional types, sizes, and missions.
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- 2024
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21. Improving the accuracy of SIF quantified from moderate spectral resolution airborne hyperspectral imager using SCOPE: assessment with sub-nanometer imagery
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A. Belwalkar, T. Poblete, A. Hornero, R. Hernández-Clemente, and P.J. Zarco–Tejada
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Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence ,SIF ,Narrow-band ,SCOPE ,Airborne ,Hyperspectral ,Physical geography ,GB3-5030 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is required for plant phenotyping and stress detection. However, the most accurate instruments for SIF quantification, such as sub-nanometer (≤1-nm full-width at half-maximum, FWHM) airborne hyperspectral imagers, are expensive and uncommon. Previous studies have demonstrated that standard narrow-band hyperspectral imagers (i.e., 4–6-nm FWHM) are more cost-effective and can provide far-red SIF quantified at 760 nm (SIF760), which correlates strongly with precise sub-nanometer resolution measurements. Nevertheless, narrow-band SIF760 quantifications are subject to systematic overestimation owing to the influence of the spectral resolution (SR). In this study, we propose a modelling approach based on the Soil Canopy Observation, Photochemistry and Energy Fluxes (SCOPE) model with the objective of enhancing the accuracy of absolute SIF760 levels derived from standard airborne hyperspectral imagers in practical settings. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using airborne imagery acquired from two airborne hyperspectral imagers (FWHM ≤ 0.2-nm and 5.8-nm) flown in tandem on board an aircraft that collected data from two different wheat and maize phenotyping trials. Leaf biophysical and biochemical traits were first estimated from airborne narrow-band reflectance imagery and subsequently used as SCOPE model inputs to simulate a range of top-of-canopy (TOC) radiance and SIF spectra at 1-nm FWHM. The SCOPE simulated radiance spectra were then convolved to match the spectral configuration of the narrow-band imager to compute the 5.8-nm FWHM SIF760. A site-specific model was constructed by employing the convolved 5.8-nm SR SIF760 as the independent variable and the 1-nm SR SIF760 directly simulated by SCOPE as the dependent variable. When applied to the airborne dataset, the estimated SIF760 at 1-nm SR from the standard narrow-band hyperspectral imager matched the reference sub-nanometer quantified SIF760 with root mean square error (RMSE) less than 0.5 mW/m2/nm/sr, yielding R2 = 0.93–0.95 from the two experiments. These results suggest that the proposed modelling approach enables the interpretation of SIF760 quantified using standard hyperspectral imagers of 4–6 nm FWHM for stress detection and plant physiological condition assessment.
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- 2024
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22. Gaussian Process Regression Hybrid Models for the Top-of-Atmosphere Retrieval of Vegetation Traits Applied to PRISMA and EnMAP Imagery.
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Pascual-Venteo, Ana B., Garcia, Jose L., Berger, Katja, Estévez, José, Vicent, Jorge, Pérez-Suay, Adrián, Van Wittenberghe, Shari, and Verrelst, Jochem
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KRIGING , *MACHINE learning , *PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR) , *RADIANCE , *LEAF area index , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
The continuous monitoring of the terrestrial Earth system by a growing number of optical satellite missions provides valuable insights into vegetation and cropland characteristics. Satellite missions typically provide different levels of data, such as level 1 top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiance and level 2 bottom-of-atmosphere (BOA) reflectance products. Exploiting TOA radiance data directly offers the advantage of bypassing the complex atmospheric correction step, where errors can propagate and compromise the subsequent retrieval process. Therefore, the objective of our study was to develop models capable of retrieving vegetation traits directly from TOA radiance data from imaging spectroscopy satellite missions. To achieve this, we constructed hybrid models based on radiative transfer model (RTM) simulated data, thereby employing the vegetation SCOPE RTM coupled with the atmosphere LibRadtran RTM in conjunction with Gaussian process regression (GPR). The retrieval evaluation focused on vegetation canopy traits, including the leaf area index (LAI), canopy chlorophyll content (CCC), canopy water content (CWC), the fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR), and the fraction of vegetation cover (FVC). Employing band settings from the upcoming Copernicus Hyperspectral Imaging Mission (CHIME), two types of hybrid GPR models were assessed: (1) one trained at level 1 (L1) using TOA radiance data and (2) one trained at level 2 (L2) using BOA reflectance data. Both the TOA- and BOA-based GPR models were validated against in situ data with corresponding hyperspectral data obtained from field campaigns. The TOA-based hybrid GPR models revealed a range of performance from moderate to optimal results, thus reaching R 2 = 0.92 (LAI), R 2 = 0.72 (CCC) and 0.68 (CWC), R 2 = 0.94 (FAPAR), and R 2 = 0.95 (FVC). To demonstrate the models' applicability, the TOA- and BOA-based GPR models were subsequently applied to imagery from the scientific precursor missions PRISMA and EnMAP. The resulting trait maps showed sufficient consistency between the TOA- and BOA-based models, with relative errors between 4 % and 16 % ( R 2 between 0.68 and 0.97). Altogether, these findings illuminate the path for the development and enhancement of machine learning hybrid models for the estimation of vegetation traits directly tailored at the TOA level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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23. LOS BENEFICIOS DE UTILIZAR PUBLICIDAD ONLINE SUPERAN A LA PUBLICIDAD OFFLINE.
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Bastidas Logroño, Diego Javier, Guachamin, Ruth Elizabeth Quito, Quito Guachamin, Salomón Mauricio, and Guachamin, Wilson Daniel Quito
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ADVERTISING effectiveness , *INTERNET advertising , *ADVERTISING campaigns , *ONLINE marketplaces , *MARKET surveys , *DIGITAL media - Abstract
The objective of the study was to analyze and compare the benefits of using online advertising compared to offline advertising. The aim was to understand the advantages that online advertising offered in terms of reach, interactivity, return on investment and other key factors. A comprehensive analysis of case studies, market data and current trends in online and offline advertising was carried out. Analytical tools were used to evaluate the performance of advertising campaigns in both media, as well as surveys and interviews with marketing professionals to obtain qualitative insights. The study spanned a 12-month period, with data collection from baseline to completion of the analysis. A period was selected that would allow capturing seasonal changes and trends throughout the year. The study was applied in the field of advertising and marketing, with a special focus on companies seeking to promote products or services. Case studies from different sectors were considered to obtain a broad vision applicable to various industries. The research was carried out in various markets and regions to ensure a global representation of trends. Particular attention was paid to online marketplaces such as social media platforms, search engines and specialized websites. In addition, traditional offline media, such as television, radio and print media, were considered. At the end of the study, strong conclusions were drawn about the relative benefits of online advertising compared to offline advertising. Practical recommendations were provided for businesses seeking to maximize their advertising reach and effectiveness. Emerging trends and areas of opportunity in the advertising field were highlighted, with the aim of guiding future strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. The scope of the problems with the problem of scope.
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Duffley, Patrick
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NATURAL language processing , *NATURAL languages , *LINGUISTICS , *LOGIC , *MODALITY (Linguistics) , *TENSE (Grammar) , *MODALITY (Theory of knowledge) , *MODAL logic , *NEGATION (Logic) , *SEMANTICS - Abstract
This study argues that many of the formalizations used in analyses employing the notion of logical scope fail to conform to natural language in important ways and lead to false predictions. This is due to the fact that they pursue the logic-driven goal of making the structure of logical arguments more transparent and mechanically calculable rather than the language-driven goal of accounting for how the linguistic signs used in an utterance and their configuration contribute to the conveying of the message being fashioned by the speaker. The focus of the study is on categories associated with the verb: tense, aspect, modality and negation. The conclusion suggests that very precise and rigid theories using logical scope relations may force the theorist to straitjacket the data so that they fit the theory, thereby obscuring rather than clarifying the nature of linguistic categories and their interactions. Informal analyses that hew closer to natural language's semantic reality can provide greater understanding of phenomena such as the purported non-negatability of must. Seeing this English modal's meaning as defined in opposition to real existence leads to the realization that it does not interact with negation the same way as the reality of the existence of the property of being necessary does. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Kapsamı, Yöntemi ve Tarihsel Gelişimi Bağlamında Sınır Sosyolojisi.
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Özbey, Kerem
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Academic Inquiries / Akademik Incelemeler Dergisi is the property of Akademik Incelemeler Dergisi (Journal of Academic Inquiries) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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26. The scale and scope of the client portfolio and audit quality at the individual auditor level: evidence from China.
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Mao, Juan, Qi, Baolei, and Zhang, Guochang
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AUDITING ,AUDITOR-client relationships ,AUDITORS ,AUDITING fees ,SELF ,REPUTATION - Abstract
We examine the relation between the scale and scope of an individual auditor's client portfolio and audit quality. Using a sample of auditor-years for the period of 2001–2016 from China, where the personal identities of signing auditors are publicly disclosed, we find that auditors with large client portfolio scale (measured by an auditor's total audit fees from clients) provide higher quality audits (measured by discretionary accruals and the likelihood of issuing modified audit opinions). However, auditors with large client portfolio scope (measured by the number of industries where clients are located) provide lower quality audits. Further analyses indicate that auditors of higher ability and reputation tend to have larger client scales and wider client scopes. Overall, our results suggest that, at the individual auditor level, the scale of the client portfolio conveys the auditor's ability, and given the scale, the industry and geographic scope of clients reflects the auditor's workload. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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27. Adaptation at the Syntax–Semantics Interface: Evidence From a Vernacular Structure.
- Author
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Blanchette, Frances, Flannery, Erin, Jackson, Carrie, and Reed, Paul
- Subjects
- *
COMPARATIVE grammar , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *RESEARCH funding , *DIALECTS , *PHONOLOGICAL awareness , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PSYCHOLINGUISTICS , *SEMANTICS , *ENGLISH language , *DATA analysis software , *COMPARATIVE studies , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Expanding on psycholinguistic research on linguistic adaptation, the phenomenon whereby speakers change how they comprehend or produce structures as a result of cumulative exposure to less frequent or unfamiliar linguistic structures, this study asked whether speakers can learn semantic and syntactic properties of the American English vernacular negative auxiliary inversion (NAI) structure (e.g., didn't everybody eat, meaning "not everybody ate") during the course of an experiment. Formal theoretical analyses of NAI informed the design of a task in which American English-speaking participants unfamiliar with this structure were exposed to NAI sentences in either semantically ambiguous or unambiguous contexts. Participants rapidly adapted to the interpretive properties of NAI, selecting responses similar to what would be expected of a native speaker after only limited exposure to semantically ambiguous input. On a separate ratings task, participants displayed knowledge of syntactic restrictions on NAI subject type, despite having no previous exposure. We discuss the results in the context of other experimental studies of adaptation and suggest the implementation of top-down strategies via analogy to other familiar structure types as possible explanations for the behaviors observed in this study. The study illustrates the value of integrating insights from formal theoretical research and psycholinguistic methods in research on adaptation and highlights the need for more interdisciplinary and cross-disciplinary work in both experimental and naturalistic contexts to understand this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. An Experimental Investigation into the Scope Assignment of Japanese and Chinese Quantifier-Negation Sentences.
- Author
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Chen, Yunchuan
- Subjects
CHINESE language ,JAPANESE language ,ENGLISH language ,AMBIGUITY ,TEACHERS - Abstract
Quantifier-Negation sentences such as all teachers did not use Sandy's car are known to allow an inverse scope interpretation in English. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence to determine whether this interpretation is allowed in equivalent sentences in Japanese and Chinese. To address this issue, this study conducted a sentence–picture matching truth value judgment experiment in both Japanese and Chinese. The data suggested that Japanese Quantifier-Negation sentences do allow inverse scope readings, which suggests that the subject may be interpreted within the scope of negation. In contrast, Chinese Quantifier-Negation sentences prohibit inverse scope readings, which is in accordance with the strong scope rigidity consistently observed in this language. This paper also discussed how to develop a valid experiment for investigating scope ambiguities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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29. Quantifiers and existence
- Author
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Víctor Cantero-Flores
- Subjects
Quantifiers ,Scope ,Formalisation ,Existence ,Ontology ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
There are some sentences that include expressions that refer to entities that do not exist. One example is this: Mary is in terror of werewolves. Some argue that this sentence cannot be translated into predicate logic. This may be seen as flaw in predicate logic. Against this, I argue in this paper that the problem is not predicate logic, but rather our commitments with the existence and nature of certain things. By revising some of these commitments, we can see that predicate logic is perfectly capable to deal with the problematic sentences.
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
30. The SCOPE framework – implementing ideals of responsible research assessment [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
- Author
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Baron Wolf, Elizabeth Gadd, Marianne Gauffriau, Tanja Strøm, Laura Himanen, and Erica Conte
- Subjects
Research evaluation ,responsible research assessment ,evaluation framework ,SCOPE ,eng ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Background Research and researchers are heavily evaluated, and over the past decade it has become widely acknowledged that the consequences of evaluating the research enterprise and particularly individual researchers are considerable. This has resulted in the publishing of several guidelines and principles to support moving towards more responsible research assessment (RRA). To ensure that research evaluation is meaningful, responsible, and effective the International Network of Research Management Societies (INORMS) Research Evaluation Group created the SCOPE framework enabling evaluators to deliver on existing principles of RRA. SCOPE bridges the gap between principles and their implementation by providing a structured five-stage framework by which evaluations can be designed and implemented, as well as evaluated. Methods SCOPE is a step-by-step process designed to help plan, design, and conduct research evaluations as well as check effectiveness of existing evaluations. In this article, four case studies are presented to show how SCOPE has been used in practice to provide value-based research evaluation. Results This article situates SCOPE within the international work towards more meaningful and robust research evaluation practices and shows through the four case studies how it can be used by different organisations to develop evaluations at different levels of granularity and in different settings. Conclusions The article demonstrates that the SCOPE framework is rooted firmly in the existing literature. In addition, it is argued that it does not simply translate existing principles of RRA into practice, but provides additional considerations not always addressed in existing RRA principles and practices thus playing a specific role in the delivery of RRA. Furthermore, the use cases show the value of SCOPE across a range of settings, including different institutional types, sizes, and missions.
- Published
- 2024
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31. How to Compete When Industries Digitize and Collide: An Ecosystem Development Framework.
- Author
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Jacobides, Michael G.
- Subjects
BUSINESS ecosystems ,DIGITAL technology ,BUSINESS partnerships ,CUSTOMER services ,DIGITAL communications ,COMPETITIVE advantage in business - Abstract
As industry boundaries dissolve and digitalization grows apace, ecosystems are becoming increasingly important. Yet for all the excitement and Big-Tech envy, there is little guidance for how to create ecosystems. How should a firm best engage? Should it become a partner to someone else's ecosystem, or build its own? Should it focus on a broad range of digitally connected services, or narrow down? How should we think about ecosystem value proposition, governance, and complementor choice? And, what is the case for investment in ecosystems? Drawing on recent research and projects with leading firms, this article offers a framework for understanding, engaging in, and building business ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Examining the Opinions of Commentators about the Knowledge of the Prophet (PBUH) based on Verse 113 of Surah Nisa
- Author
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aliahmad naseh and khadijeh Amiri
- Subjects
science ,prophet (pbuh) ,surah nisa ,verse 113 ,examples ,scope ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion ,Islam ,BP1-253 - Abstract
Abstract Commentators in the true understanding of the statement» and He has taught you what you did not know« in verse 113 of Surah Nisa have different opinions. Paying attention to the knowledge of the Prophet (PBUH) as an important issue has the same age as revelation, and it has always been of interest. The upcoming essay is based on the descriptive-analytical method in order to analyze the various aspects of the knowledge of the Prophet (PBUH) in the desired verse. By examining the interpretations of the parties with different tendencies and methods about God's intention of "science", we come across several viewpoints that can be categorized under 7 headings, which are: the first and last science, hidden affairs, divine decrees, laws of Sharia and pronouns, special education, correctly understanding the application of general rules to particular cases, lack of knowledge of revelation and knowledge. In expressing opinions, we can refer to opinions that are controversial and require more discussion. Among them, most of them have mentioned the issue of infallibility under the verse, and some have inferred the infallibility of the Prophet (PBUH). Or a group has implicitly mentioned the special insight and Ijtihad of the Messenger of God (PBUH) in explaining the problems of the Ummah. Others consider this teaching to be broad and not only for the Prophet (PBUH), but for everyone who is born and gets life and enjoys this gift. Another group of revealed teachings and related topics have expressed God's intention for this science. In the mystics' thought, "science" refers to the inherent knowledge of the burden of transcendence, and that is when the seeker becomes mortal in the presence of truth. There have been many discussions about the nature of the knowledge of the Prophet (PBUH). As evidenced by many verses, the prophets were equipped with knowledge from God “So they found one of Our servants, on whom We had bestowed Mercy from Ourselves and whom We had taught knowledge from Our own Presence." The verse states that Hazrat Khidr (peace be upon him) was blessed with knowledge from God. Sometimes, by God's permission, they are informed about the unseen. "Knower of the Unseen, He does not disclose His [knowledge of the] Unseen to anyone, except to an apostle He approves of" In this verse, God excludes the knowledge of the unseen from the scope of human knowledge, but he excludes some of the Prophet's knowledge of the unseen. Sometimes, he denies knowledge in general. Sometimes he completely rejects knowledge from everyone: "He says, No one in the heavens and the earth knows the unseen except by Allah.'' Naml: 65, in other verses of the Qur'an, the knowledge of the Messenger of God is explicitly rejected from the knowledge of the unseen. "Say, I will not tell you, I have the treasures of God, and I will not know the unseen." Inam: 50. And also the belief that the Prophet (PBUH) did not speak except by revelation, and that all the oral and current traditions of that nobleman originated from revelation. On the other hand, knowing that one of the important duties of the goat is evidenced by the verse "And we sent down to you a reminder to explain to people what we sent down to them, and perhaps they will think" Nahl: 44. Explaining the affairs of the Holy Sharia is sacred. We will reach this conclusion from the summary of these verses and comments that have been discussed under the discussed verse. The most important issues that the Prophet (PBUH) was responsible for among the Ummah was judging among the Ummah as well as explaining the general knowledge and truths received from God, and this required a complete understanding and accurate insight into the atmosphere of the society of that day, and this is the same insight. It is special and scientific which cannot be obtained by normal means and all this could not have happened except through revelation. Therefore, it must be acknowledged that the prophets, in whatever way they used to know things, were all derived from divine knowledge. According to the context of verse 113 of Surah Nisa, the result of the research shows that God has given the Prophet (PBUH) the power to deduce general cases and apply them to the details of affairs, including judging to resolve issues between the Ummah and stating the general rules of the Sharia, which is special teaching for that noble. It has been provided by way of revelation, and this is different from the book of Quran and wisdom, which is mentioned in the verse, and the reason for this is the distance between the three titles, i.e. (the book, wisdom, and knowledge) with the inflection "wow". One of the clear examples of this science is the special insight (ijtihad) of the Prophet (PBUH) and his infallibility, which is a close relationship between the two
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- 2023
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33. Evaluation of the Implementation of the Green Banking Concept at Bank XYZ.
- Author
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Wahyuditomo, Tegar Wibowo
- Subjects
- *
BANKING industry ,PARIS Agreement (2016) - Abstract
Indonesia is committed to Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2016 concerning the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. To support this commitment, the role of banking, including Bank XYZ, is crucial in financing clean energy projects and other business sectors. Although Bank XYZ has shown growth in green financing since 2016, there are notes regarding financing in the coal sector between October 2018 and October 2020, as well as a decline in the ranking in the 2022 Bank Ranking Report. Therefore, an evaluation of the concept of green banking at Bank XYZ is needed to maintain its growth and ensure the effectiveness of its implementation from 2017 to 2022. This research employs a qualitative approach to analyze the implementation of green banking at Bank XYZ. The evaluation is conducted through interviews with the Risk Management Division and an analysis of sustainability reports using the Green Banking Disclosure Index (GBDI). Bank XYZ has proven to implement the concept of green banking transparently, but there are shortcomings such as a lack of transparency in sustainability budgeting, attention to debtors, internal controls, sustainability campaigns, and the use of renewable technology. This research is expected to enhance the quality of green banking implementation at Bank XYZ, support environmental preservation, and address existing weaknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. GESTIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA DE LA DIRECCIÓN DE GESTIÓN FINANCIERA DEL GAD MUNICIPAL DEL CANTÓN SANTA ANA.
- Author
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Anchundia Bailón, Fernando Josué and Morejón Santistevan, Maryury Elizabeth
- Subjects
- *
PRODUCTION planning , *FINANCIAL management , *STATISTICS , *NONCOMPLIANCE , *ACHIEVEMENT - Abstract
In the modern world, scientific instructions encompass new needs that contribute to innovation and continuous improvement in administrative management processes within public and private entities, efficiently achieving their objectives and goals, where it reflects their management and leads to a good administrative process planning, organization, direction and control. Given this background, the main objective was to "Describe how administrative management affects the scope of the objectives of the Financial Management Directorate of the Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government of the Canton of Santa Ana" seeking to evaluate the main elements of compliance or non-compliance by the Financial Directorate. For its execution, a non-experimental methodological design is proposed, with a qualitative and mixed approach, determining a non-probabilistic method where no formula is evident in the interpretation of its population because it is a smaller percentage. Given this, a statistical analysis of surveyed, among its main results the impact of the achievement of objectives by the Financial Department was measured, where it fulfills its activities carried out in the internal regulations, process manual, compliance, institutional objectives and objectives of the area, presenting its conclusions with real data addressed in the preparation of this fragment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. ORIENTĂRI CU PRIVIRE LA ANUMITE ASPECTE ALE DIRECTIVEI 2004/48/CE A PARLAMENTULUI EUROPEAN ȘI A CONSILIULUI PRIVIND RESPECTAREA DREPTURILOR DE PROPRIETATE INTELECTUALĂ.
- Author
-
GHEORGHIU, Gheorghe
- Abstract
Copyright of Romanian Journal of Intellectual Property Law / Revista Română de Dreptul Proprietăţii Intelectuale is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
36. THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF DIPLOMATIC HISTORY.
- Author
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Shehu, Danyaya Muhammad, Bachaka, Suwaiba Muhammad, and Muhammad, Rashida
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,PEACE ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
"The Nature and Scope of Diplomatic History" is an article that explores the field of diplomatic history, which focuses on the interactions between states and their representatives. It discusses the nature of diplomacy and its role in shaping international relations, as well as the study of treaties, alliances, war and peace, and the influence of non-state actors. The article also acknowledges the challenges and limitations faced by diplomatic history, such as its focus on state actors and official sources. It highlights the interconnectedness and evolving nature of history, diplomacy, and diplomatic history, and emphasizes the multidisciplinary approach of the field. While there are criticisms that diplomatic history can be Western-centric and state-centric, it is recognized that the field provides a comprehensive understanding of international relations by considering various factors and perspectives. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. TRANSFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL: O GESTOR DE PROJETOS E A IMPORTÂNCIA DA COMUNICAÇÃO.
- Author
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Viel Gomes, Luciana, Sposito, Lincoln, Cristina Scafuto, Isabel, and Ribeiro Serra, Fernando Antônio
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Gestão & Tecnologia is the property of Revista Gestao & Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
38. Pretotyping: proposta para resolução e tratamento de problemas no gerenciamento do escopo em projetos de TI.
- Author
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Batista Dias, Meire Helen and Corrêa de Oliveira, Cristina
- Abstract
Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Are Turkish Non-Case-Marked Objects with and without bir Interpreted and Acquired Differently?
- Author
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Ketrez, F. Nihan
- Subjects
NUMERALS ,COMPREHENSION in children - Abstract
Whether non-case-marked objects with and without the numeral bir in Turkish have the same structural properties or not has been a topic of discussion for decades. This study aims to contribute to this discussion with experimental data that compares the comprehension of these object types along with their accusative-marked indefinite counterparts in terms of their scope with respect to negation by four-, five-, and six-year-old children as well as adults. The results suggest that both non-case-marked objects with and without bir contrast with accusative-marked indefinite objects and have a narrow scope with respect to negation in adults' speech. However, bir can still have a main effect on the interpretation of the objects, just like the accusative case, and unlike non-case-marked objects without bir, objects with bir may scope over negation. Children treat all object types alike at age four and distinguish objects with and without bir at age five. These findings are compatible with an account that assumes different structures for two types of non-case-marked objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Structure preservation in complex prefields: A note on Müller (2018).
- Author
-
Schwarz, Bernhard
- Subjects
GERMAN language ,VERBS ,TERMS & phrases - Abstract
Cases of apparent V3 order in German finite main clauses are commonly attributed to remnant VP movement to SpecC. The remnant VPs posited in this approach are headed by a trace, left behind by a verb that evacuated from VP prior to the movement of VP. Müller (2018) argued that such remnant VPs are subject to a process of restructuring that removes the verb's trace and reassociates the phrases that depended on that head prior to its removal. This commentary discusses novel observations about operator scope which lend further support to the remnant movement approach to apparent V3, but which at the same time are inconsistent with the assumption that remnant VPs in the German prefield are always subject to restructuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Scope of optometry practice in Trinidad and Tobago: A cross‐sectional study.
- Author
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Ezinne, Ngozika E., Kwarteng, Michael A., Tagoh, Selassie, Ekemiri, Kingsley K., and Ogbonna, Grace
- Subjects
PRACTICE of optometry ,LOW vision ,CROSS-sectional method ,COLOR vision ,INDIANS (Asians) - Abstract
Background and Aim: To report the scope of optometry practice in Trinidad and Tobago to identify areas that need improvement. Methods: A cross‐sectional study of optometrists in Trinidad and Tobago was conducted using a validated self‐structured questionnaire. Data obtained was exported to the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive analysis and Pearson χ2 were used to summarize the demographic data and determine associations, respectively. Result: A total of 63 optometrists participated in the study. Majority of them were females (69.8%, n = 44), Christians (65.1%), East Indians (47.6%), and 30 years and below (66.7%). Most (87%) of them utilized routine optometric equipment in their clinical practice including autorefractors, retinoscopes, direct ophthalmoscopes, lensometers, phoropters, slit lamp biomicroscopes, trial lens boxes, and visual acuity chart projectors. A few of them have noncontact tonometer (4.8%), Volk lenses (1.6%), and perform color vision tests (1.6%). Fewer (12.7%, n = 8) practitioners provided low‐vision services. The use of pharmaceutical agents was prevalent among the participants (55.6%). Additionally, the provision of contact lenses was the most frequently practiced service among the participants (85.7%, n = 54). A significant association was observed between the provision of low‐vision services and sex (p = 0.03). Conclusion: The scope of optometry practice in Trinidad and Tobago is in accordance with the basic guidelines set out by the World Council of Optometry but there is need to get more involved in the provision of low vision and other specialty services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Utilization of Computer-Assisted Translation Tools Among Arab Translators: Scope, Challenges, and Solutions.
- Author
-
Munassar Awadh, Awadh Nasser
- Subjects
TRANSLATORS ,COMPUTER adaptive testing ,DATA analysis - Abstract
The study aims at investigating the utilization of computer-assisted translation (CAT) tools by Arab translators with a particular focus on the challenges that they face. It also suggests potential solutions that can help Arab translators increase their translation efficiency and productivity. The author followed the quantitative and qualitative methods with an analytical descriptive approach in conducting the current study. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire consisting of 67 items was designed to identify the utilization of CAT tools, the scope of their use, and the challenges that Arab translators encounter while using CAT tools. The questionnaire was given to 104 Arab translators from various Arab countries. An interview was also used to achieve the objectives of this study; it aimed to collect data about finding solutions to the challenges that Arab translators face while using CAT tools from the perspective of 20 translators. Additionally, the SPSS program and other statistical tests were used for data analysis purposes. The findings showed that only a few types of CAT tools were used by Arab translators and even those they used were not utilized very much. The results indicated that only 19.03% of the total number of participants used CAT tools. That means Arab translators confronted many challenges while using CAT tools from the viewpoints of the participants. These challenges were related to translators, CAT tools, translation memory (TM), and technical issues. Additionally, a list of solutions was proposed to overcome the challenges that Arab translators face while using CAT tools from the perspectives of those interviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies is turning over a new page
- Author
-
Eugene Baron
- Subjects
hts ,theology studies ,new ,focus ,scope ,editorial ,The Bible ,BS1-2970 ,Practical Theology ,BV1-5099 - Abstract
No abstract available.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Transboundary Planning and Governance: from challenge to solution in times of crises?
- Author
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Eva Purkarthofer and Alois Humer
- Subjects
thematic group ,AESOP ,scale ,scope ,soft spaces ,soft planning ,Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,HT101-395 - Abstract
This article introduces the AESOP Thematic Group “Transboundary Planning and Governance” and its recent organisational and thematic changes. It also scans recent research from the viewpoint of two interlinked key dimensions of transboundary planning and governance: scale and scope. By doing so, the article aims to highlight promising research perspectives related to transboundary and integrated planning, crossing administrative borders and siloes respectively. This is especially relevant with a view to the multiple crises society is currently facing. To date, transboundary planning and governance is often portrayed through the challenges it is facing. However, as this article argues, there is a need to move forward and focus on how the transboundary setting – often more flexible and malleable than other governance contexts – can make a contribution to address current crises.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Agricultural Meteorology: A Preview
- Author
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Ahmad, Latief, Biswas, Asim, Warland, Jon, Anjum, Insha, Ahmad, Latief, Biswas, Asim, Warland, Jon, and Anjum, Insha
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Introduction to Water Quality Science
- Author
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Das, Sourav and Das, Sourav
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Conclusion and Future Perspectives
- Author
-
Srivastava, Ambrish Kumar and Srivastava, Ambrish Kumar
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Women’s Crime in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Scope, Structure, and Psychosocial Status
- Author
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Simovic, Miodrag, Šikman, Mile, Stanojoska, Angelina, editor, Dimovski, Darko, editor, and Maksimova, Elena, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Diversity, Equality, Inclusion and Diversification
- Author
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Gilinsky, Armand and Gilinsky, Armand
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Underutilized Vegetables Introduction and Identification
- Author
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Savita, Vimal, Vrince, Savita, editor, Rawat, Monisha, editor, and Vimal, Vrince, editor
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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