4,121 results on '"S. Graham"'
Search Results
2. Targeted Axillary Dissection: A review of our experience at Chris O’Brien Life house.
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S. Hawes, S. Graham, S. Ang, F. Azimi, C. Mak, and S. Warrier
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2024
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3. A synthesis of ENSO effects on drylands in Australia, North America and South America
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M. Holmgren, P. Stapp, C. R. Dickman, C. Gracia, S. Graham, J. R. Gutiérrez, C. Hice, F. Jaksic, D. A. Kelt, M. Letnic, M. Lima, B. C. López, P. L. Meserve, W. B. Milstead, G. A. Polis, M. A. Previtali, M. Richter, S. Sabaté, and F. A. Squeo
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Science ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Dynamic and structural geology ,QE500-639.5 - Abstract
Fundamentally, El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climatic and oceanographic phenomenon, but it has profound effects on terrestrial ecosystems. Although the ecological effects of ENSO are becoming increasingly known from a wide range of terrestrial ecosystems (Holmgren et al., 2001), their impacts have been more intensively studied in arid and semiarid systems. In this brief communication, we summarize the main conclusions of a recent symposium on the effects of ENSO in these ecosystems, which was convened as part of the First Alexander von Humboldt International Conference on the El Niño Phenomenon and its Global Impact, in Guayaquil, Ecuador, from 16–20 May 2005. Participants in the symposium shared results and perspectives from research conducted in North and South America and Australia, regions where the ecological effects of ENSO have been studied in depth. Although the reports covered a wide array of organisms and ecological systems (Fig. 1), a recurring theme was the strong increase in rainfall associated with ENSO events in dry ecosystems (during the El Niño phase of the oscillation in the Americas and the La Niña phase in Australia). Because inter-annual variability in precipitation is such a strong determinant of productivity in arid and semiarid ecosystems, increased ENSO rainfall is crucial for plant recruitment, productivity and diversity in these ecosystems. Several long-term studies show that this pulse in primary productivity causes a subsequent increase in herbivores, followed by an increase in carnivores, with consequences for changes in ecosystem structure and functioning that can be quite complex.
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- 2006
4. Prevalence of depression, substance abuse, and stigma among men who have sex with men in coastal Kenya
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A. Secor, E. Wahome, M. Micheni, D. Rao, J. Simoni, E. Sanders, and S. Graham
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2015
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5. Nanoparticle display of prefusion coronavirus spike elicits S1-focused cross-reactive antibody response against diverse coronavirus subgenera
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Geoffrey B. Hutchinson, Olubukola M. Abiona, Cynthia T. Ziwawo, Anne P. Werner, Daniel Ellis, Yaroslav Tsybovsky, Sarah R. Leist, Charis Palandjian, Ande West, Ethan J. Fritch, Nianshuang Wang, Daniel Wrapp, Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum, George Ueda, David Baker, Masaru Kanekiyo, Jason S. McLellan, Ralph S. Baric, Neil P. King, Barney S. Graham, and Kizzmekia S. Corbett-Helaire
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Multivalent antigen display is a fast-growing area of interest toward broadly protective vaccines. Current nanoparticle-based vaccine candidates demonstrate the ability to confer antibody-mediated immunity against divergent strains of notably mutable viruses. In coronaviruses, this work is predominantly aimed at targeting conserved epitopes of the receptor binding domain. However, targeting conserved non-RBD epitopes could limit the potential for antigenic escape. To explore new potential targets, we engineered protein nanoparticles displaying coronavirus prefusion-stabilized spike (CoV_S-2P) trimers derived from MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, hCoV-HKU1, and hCoV-OC43 and assessed their immunogenicity in female mice. Monotypic SARS-1 nanoparticles elicit cross-neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV and protect against MERS-CoV challenge. MERS and SARS nanoparticles elicit S1-focused antibodies, revealing a conserved site on the S N-terminal domain. Moreover, mosaic nanoparticles co-displaying distinct CoV_S-2P trimers elicit antibody responses to distant cross-group antigens and protect male and female mice against MERS-CoV challenge. Our findings will inform further efforts toward the development of pan-coronavirus vaccines.
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- 2023
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6. Self-assembling SARS-CoV-2 spike-HBsAg nanoparticles elicit potent and durable neutralizing antibody responses via genetic delivery
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Cuiping Liu, Lingshu Wang, Jonah S. Merriam, Wei Shi, Eun Sung Yang, Yi Zhang, Man Chen, Wing-Pui Kong, Cheng Cheng, Yaroslav Tsybovsky, Tyler Stephens, Raffaello Verardi, Kwanyee Leung, Cody Stein, Adam S. Olia, Darcy R. Harris, Misook Choe, Baoshan Zhang, Barney S. Graham, Peter D. Kwong, Richard A. Koup, Amarendra Pegu, and John R. Mascola
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract While several COVID-19 vaccines have been in use, more effective and durable vaccines are needed to combat the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report highly immunogenic self-assembling SARS-CoV-2 spike-HBsAg nanoparticles displaying a six-proline-stabilized WA1 (wild type, WT) spike S6P on a HBsAg core. These S6P-HBsAgs bound diverse domain-specific SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies. In mice with and without a HBV pre-vaccination, DNA immunization with S6P-HBsAgs elicited significantly more potent and durable neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses against diverse SARS-CoV-2 strains than that of soluble S2P or S6P, or full-length S2P with its coding sequence matching mRNA-1273. The nAb responses elicited by S6P-HBsAgs persisted substantially longer than by soluble S2P or S6P and appeared to be enhanced by HBsAg pre-exposure. These data show that genetic delivery of SARS-CoV-2 S6P-HBsAg nanoparticles can elicit greater and more durable nAb responses than non-nanoparticle forms of stabilized spike. Our findings highlight the potential of S6P-HBsAgs as next generation genetic vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2.
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- 2023
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7. Self-Supervised Anomaly Detection from Anomalous Training Data via Iterative Latent Token Masking.
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Ashay Patel, Petru-Daniel Tudosiu, Walter H. L. Pinaya, Mark S. Graham, Olusola Adeleke, Gary J. Cook, Vicky Goh, Sébastien Ourselin, and M. Jorge Cardoso
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- 2023
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8. Denoising diffusion models for out-of-distribution detection.
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Mark S. Graham, Walter H. L. Pinaya, Petru-Daniel Tudosiu, Parashkev Nachev, Sébastien Ourselin, and M. Jorge Cardoso
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- 2023
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9. Unsupervised 3D Out-of-Distribution Detection with Latent Diffusion Models.
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Mark S. Graham, Walter Hugo Lopez Pinaya, Paul Wright 0001, Petru-Daniel Tudosiu, Yee H. Mah, James T. Teo, Hans Rolf Jäger, David Werring, Parashkev Nachev, Sébastien Ourselin, and M. Jorge Cardoso
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- 2023
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10. A 3D Generative Model of Pathological Multi-modal MR Images and Segmentations.
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Virginia Fernandez, Walter Hugo Lopez Pinaya, Pedro Borges, Mark S. Graham, Tom Vercauteren, and M. Jorge Cardoso
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- 2023
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11. Prediction of long-term polysorbate degradation according to short-term degradation kinetics
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Sisi Zhang, Caterina Riccardi, Dane Carlson, Douglas Kamen, Kenneth S. Graham, Mohammed Shameem, Hanne Bak, Hui Xiao, and Ning Li
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Free fatty acids ,lipase activity ,long-term stability ,polysorbate hydrolysis ,short-term kinetics ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
ABSTRACTPolysorbates (PSs) are a class of surfactants commonly used in the formulation of protein therapeutic agents to provide protection against denaturation and aggregation. When the PS in these drug formulations degrades, loss of stabilization of the protein therapeutic and formulation may occur, resulting in particulate formation or other undesirable changes in product critical quality attributes. Here, we present a simplified platform to predict long-term PS20 and PS80 degradation for monoclonal antibody drugs containing the PS-degrading enzyme lysosomal acid lipase. The platform was based on a temperature-dependent equation derived from existing PS20 degradation stability data. Accurate prediction of both PS20 and PS80 hydrolysis for as long as 2 years was achieved through short-term kinetics studies performed within 2 weeks. This platform substantially shortens the time required to determine the long-term stability of PS degradation and therefore can be used to guide the purification process and optimization of antibody formulations.
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- 2023
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12. An optimized messenger RNA vaccine candidate protects non-human primates from Zika virus infection
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Brooke Bollman, Naveen Nunna, Kapil Bahl, Chiaowen Joyce Hsiao, Hamilton Bennett, Scott Butler, Bryant Foreman, Katherine E. Burgomaster, Maya Aleshnick, Wing-Pui Kong, Brian E. Fisher, Tracy J. Ruckwardt, Kaitlyn M. Morabito, Barney S. Graham, Kimberly A. Dowd, Theodore C. Pierson, and Andrea Carfi
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus transmitted by mosquitoes, was identified as a cause of congenital disease during a major outbreak in the Americas in 2016. Vaccine design strategies relied on limited available isolate sequence information due to the rapid response necessary. The first-generation ZIKV mRNA vaccine, mRNA-1325, was initially generated and, as additional strain sequences became available, a second mRNA vaccine, mRNA-1893, was developed. Herein, we compared the immune responses following mRNA-1325 and mRNA-1893 vaccination and reported that mRNA-1893 generated comparable neutralizing antibody titers to mRNA-1325 at 1/20th of the dose and provided complete protection from ZIKV challenge in non-human primates. In-depth characterization of these vaccines indicated that the observed immunologic differences could be attributed to a single amino acid residue difference that compromised mRNA-1325 virus-like particle formation.
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- 2023
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13. Structural basis for antibody recognition of vulnerable epitopes on Nipah virus F protein
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Patrick O. Byrne, Brian E. Fisher, David R. Ambrozak, Elizabeth G. Blade, Yaroslav Tsybovsky, Barney S. Graham, Jason S. McLellan, and Rebecca J. Loomis
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Science - Abstract
Henipaviruses such as Nipah virus (NiV) cause severe encephalitis with high fatality rates in humans. NiV fusion (F) glycoprotein is a key target of the host immune response. Here, Byrne et al. isolate ten neutralizing antibodies against NiV prefusion F and provide a structural analysis of the antibodies and defined eight neutralization-sensitive epitopes on NiV F.
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- 2023
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14. Refined semi-lethal aerosol H5N1 influenza model in cynomolgus macaques for evaluation of medical countermeasures
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Masaru Kanekiyo, Rebecca A. Gillespie, Morgan Midgett, Katherine J. O’Malley, Connor Williams, Syed M. Moin, Megan Wallace, Luke Treaster, Kristine Cooper, Hubza Syeda, Gwenddolen Kettenburg, Hasala Rannulu, Tabitha Schmer, Lucia Ortiz, Priscila Da Silva Castanha, Jacqueline Corry, Mengying Xia, Emily Olsen, Daniel Perez, Gabin Yun, Barney S. Graham, Simon M. Barratt-Boyes, and Douglas S. Reed
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Immunology ,Virology ,Model organism ,Science - Abstract
Summary: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1 viruses cause high mortality in humans and have pandemic potential. Effective vaccines and treatments against this threat are urgently needed. Here, we have refined our previously established model of lethal H5N1 infection in cynomolgus macaques. An inhaled aerosol virus dose of 5.1 log10 plaque-forming unit (pfu) induced a strong febrile response and acute respiratory disease, with four out of six macaques succumbing after challenge. Vaccination with three doses of adjuvanted seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine elicited low but detectable neutralizing antibody to H5N1. All six vaccinated macaques survived four times the 50% lethal dose of aerosolized H5N1, while four of six unvaccinated controls succumbed to disease. Although vaccination did not protect against severe influenza, vaccinees had reduced respiratory dysfunction and lower viral load in airways compared to controls. We anticipate that our macaque model will play a vital role in evaluating vaccines and antivirals against influenza pandemics.
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- 2023
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15. A review of the auditory-gut-brain axis
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Amy S. Graham, Benneth Ben-Azu, Marie-Ève Tremblay, Peter Torre, Marjanne Senekal, Barbara Laughton, Andre van der Kouwe, Marcin Jankiewicz, Mamadou Kaba, and Martha J. Holmes
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gut-brain axis ,microbiome ,auditory system ,hearing loss ,noise ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Hearing loss places a substantial burden on medical resources across the world and impacts quality of life for those affected. Further, it can occur peripherally and/or centrally. With many possible causes of hearing loss, there is scope for investigating the underlying mechanisms involved. Various signaling pathways connecting gut microbes and the brain (the gut-brain axis) have been identified and well established in a variety of diseases and disorders. However, the role of these pathways in providing links to other parts of the body has not been explored in much depth. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore potential underlying mechanisms that connect the auditory system to the gut-brain axis. Using select keywords in PubMed, and additional hand-searching in google scholar, relevant studies were identified. In this review we summarize the key players in the auditory-gut-brain axis under four subheadings: anatomical, extracellular, immune and dietary. Firstly, we identify important anatomical structures in the auditory-gut-brain axis, particularly highlighting a direct connection provided by the vagus nerve. Leading on from this we discuss several extracellular signaling pathways which might connect the ear, gut and brain. A link is established between inflammatory responses in the ear and gut microbiome-altering interventions, highlighting a contribution of the immune system. Finally, we discuss the contribution of diet to the auditory-gut-brain axis. Based on the reviewed literature, we propose numerous possible key players connecting the auditory system to the gut-brain axis. In the future, a more thorough investigation of these key players in animal models and human research may provide insight and assist in developing effective interventions for treating hearing loss.
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- 2023
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16. Generating multi-pathological and multi-modal images and labels for brain MRI.
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Virginia Fernandez, Walter Hugo Lopez Pinaya, Pedro Borges, Mark S. Graham, Petru-Daniel Tudosiu, Tom Vercauteren, and M. Jorge Cardoso
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- 2024
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17. Transformer-based out-of-distribution detection for clinically safe segmentation.
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Mark S. Graham, Petru-Daniel Tudosiu, Paul Wright 0001, Walter Hugo Lopez Pinaya, Jean-Marie U.-King-Im, Yee H. Mah, James T. Teo, Hans Rolf Jäger, David Werring, Parashkev Nachev, Sébastien Ourselin, and M. Jorge Cardoso
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- 2022
18. Fast Unsupervised Brain Anomaly Detection and Segmentation with Diffusion Models.
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Walter H. L. Pinaya, Mark S. Graham, Robert J. Gray, Pedro F. Da Costa, Petru-Daniel Tudosiu, Paul Wright 0001, Yee H. Mah, Andrew D. MacKinnon, James T. Teo, Hans Rolf Jäger, David Werring, Geraint Rees 0001, Parashkev Nachev, Sébastien Ourselin, and M. Jorge Cardoso
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- 2022
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19. Can Segmentation Models Be Trained with Fully Synthetically Generated Data?
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Virginia Fernandez, Walter Hugo Lopez Pinaya, Pedro Borges, Petru-Daniel Tudosiu, Mark S. Graham, Tom Vercauteren, and M. Jorge Cardoso
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- 2022
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20. Morphology-Preserving Autoregressive 3D Generative Modelling of the Brain.
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Petru-Daniel Tudosiu, Walter Hugo Lopez Pinaya, Mark S. Graham, Pedro Borges, Virginia Fernandez, Dai Yang, Jeremy Appleyard, Guido Novati, Disha Mehra, Mike Vella, Parashkev Nachev, Sébastien Ourselin, and M. Jorge Cardoso
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- 2022
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21. Correction of Susceptibility Distortion in EPI: A Semi-supervised Approach with Deep Learning.
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Antoine Legouhy, Mark S. Graham, Michele Guerreri, Whitney Stee, Thomas Villemonteix, Philippe Peigneux, and Hui Zhang 0005
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- 2022
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22. CD4 T cell epitope abundance in ferritin core potentiates responses to hemagglutinin nanoparticle vaccines
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Sean A. Nelson, Katherine A. Richards, Maryah A. Glover, Francisco A. Chaves, Michelle C. Crank, Barney S. Graham, Masaru Kanekiyo, and Andrea J. Sant
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Nanoparticle vaccines based on H. pylori ferritin are increasingly used as a vaccine platform for many pathogens, including RSV, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2. They have been found to elicit enhanced, long-lived B cell responses. The basis for improved efficacy of ferritin nanoparticle vaccines remains unresolved, including whether recruitment of CD4 T cells specific for the ferritin component of these vaccines contributes to cognate help in the B cell response. Using influenza HA-ferritin nanoparticles as a prototype, we have performed an unbiased assessment of the CD4 T cell epitope composition of the ferritin particles relative to that contributed by influenza HA using mouse models that express distinct constellations of MHC class II molecules. The role that these CD4 T cells play in the B cell responses was assessed by quantifying follicular helper cells (TFH), germinal center (GC) B cells, and antibody secreting cells. When mice were immunized with equimolar quantities of soluble HA-trimers and HA-Fe nanoparticles, HA-nanoparticle immunized mice had an increased overall abundance of TFH that were found to be largely ferritin-specific. HA-nanoparticle immunized mice had an increased abundance of HA-specific isotype-switched GC B cells and HA-specific antibody secreting cells (ASCs) relative to mice immunized with soluble HA-trimers. Further, there was a strong, positive correlation between CD4 TFH abundance and GC B cell abundance. Thus, availability of helper CD4 T cell epitopes may be a key additional mechanism that underlies the enhanced immunogenicity of ferritin-based HA-Fe-nanoparticle vaccines.
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- 2022
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23. Prevalence and mechanisms of evolutionary contingency in human influenza H3N2 neuraminidase
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Ruipeng Lei, Timothy J. C. Tan, Andrea Hernandez Garcia, Yiquan Wang, Meghan Diefenbacher, Chuyun Teo, Gopika Gopan, Zahra Tavakoli Dargani, Qi Wen Teo, Claire S. Graham, Christopher B. Brooke, Satish K. Nair, and Nicholas C. Wu
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Science - Abstract
Lei et al. systematically characterized the epistasis among natural mutations in the neuraminidase of human influenza H3N2 virus, which provide insights into the biophysical constraints that shaped its evolution trajectory over the past half-century.
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- 2022
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24. The interindividual variability of multimodal brain connectivity maintains spatial heterogeneity and relates to tissue microstructure
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Esin Karahan, Luke Tait, Ruoguang Si, Ayşegül Özkan, Maciek J. Szul, Kim S. Graham, Andrew D. Lawrence, and Jiaxiang Zhang
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
A multimodal imaging approach highlights the role of tissue microstructure underpinning the inter-individual variability in the connectome
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- 2022
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25. CAF08 adjuvant enables single dose protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection in murine newborns
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Simon D. van Haren, Gabriel K. Pedersen, Azad Kumar, Tracy J. Ruckwardt, Syed Moin, Ian N. Moore, Mahnaz Minai, Mark Liu, Jensen Pak, Francesco Borriello, Simon Doss-Gollin, Elisabeth M. S. Beijnen, Saima Ahmed, Michaela Helmel, Peter Andersen, Barney S. Graham, Hanno Steen, Dennis Christensen, and Ofer Levy
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Science - Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus is a major pathogen with burden observed and associated with childhood infection. Here the authors characterise a cationic adjuvant formulation and show single immunisation results in protection in a murine neonate model of respiratory syncytial virus infection.
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- 2022
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26. TLR agonists induce sustained IgG to hemagglutinin stem and modulate T cells following newborn vaccination
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Elene A. Clemens, Beth C. Holbrook, Brendan McNeilly, Masaru Kanekiyo, Barney S. Graham, and Martha A. Alexander-Miller
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract The newborn immune system is characterized by diminished immune responses that leave infants vulnerable to virus-mediated disease and make vaccination more challenging. Optimal vaccination strategies for influenza A virus (IAV) in newborns should result in robust levels of protective antibodies, including those with broad reactivity to combat the variability in IAV strains across seasons. The stem region of the hemagglutinin (HA) molecule is a target of such antibodies. Using a nonhuman primate model, we investigate the capacity of newborns to generate and maintain antibodies to the conserved stem region following vaccination. We find adjuvanting an inactivated vaccine with the TLR7/8 agonist R848 is effective in promoting sustained HA stem-specific IgG. Unexpectedly, HA stem-specific antibodies were generated with a distinct kinetic pattern compared to the overall response. Administration of R848 was associated with increased influenza-specific T follicular helper cells as well as Tregs with a less suppressive phenotype, suggesting adjuvant impacts multiple cell types that have the potential to contribute to the HA-stem response.
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- 2022
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27. The organizational impact of chronic heat: diffuse brood comb and decreased carbohydrate stores in honey bee colonies
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Isaac P. Weinberg, Jaya P. Wetzel, Eleanor P. Kuchar, Abigail T. Kaplan, Rebecca S. Graham, Jonah E. Zuckerman, and Philip T. Starks
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conservation behavior ,honey bees ,insect architecture ,thermoregulation ,climate change ,Evolution ,QH359-425 ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Insect pollinators are vital to the stability of a broad range of both natural and anthropogenic ecosystems and add billions of dollars to the economy each year. Honey bees are perhaps the best studied insect pollinator due to their economic and cultural importance. Of particular interest to researchers are the wide variety of mechanisms honey bees use for thermoregulation, such as fanning cool air currents around the hive and careful selection of insulated nest sites. These behaviors help honey bees remain active through both winter freezes and summer heatwaves, and may allow honey bees to deal with the ongoing climate crisis more readily than other insect species. Surprisingly, little is known about how honey bee colonies manage chronic heat stress. Here we provide a review of honey bee conservation behavior as it pertains to thermoregulation, and then present a novel behavior displayed in honey bees—the alteration of comb arrangement in response to 6 weeks of increased hive temperature. We found that while overall quantities of brood remained stable between treatments, brood were distributed more diffusely throughout heated hives. We also found that heated hives contained significantly less honey and nectar stores than control hives, likely indicating an increase in energy expenditure. Our results support previous findings that temperature gradients play a role in how honey bees arrange their comb contents, and improves our understanding of how honey bees modify their behavior to survive extreme environmental challenges.
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- 2023
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28. The promise of metabolic imaging in diffuse midline glioma
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Samantha Lovibond, Alexandra N. Gewirtz, Luca Pasquini, Simone Krebs, and Maya S. Graham
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Diffuse midline glioma ,Metabolism ,PET ,MRI ,Imaging ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Recent insights into histopathological and molecular subgroups of glioma have revolutionized the field of neuro-oncology by refining diagnostic categories. An emblematic example in pediatric neuro-oncology is the newly defined diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3 K27–altered. DMG represents a rare tumor with a dismal prognosis. The diagnosis of DMG is largely based on clinical presentation and characteristic features on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with biopsy limited by its delicate neuroanatomic location. Standard MRI remains limited in its ability to characterize tumor biology. Advanced MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging offer additional value as they enable non-invasive evaluation of molecular and metabolic features of brain tumors. These techniques have been widely used for tumor detection, metabolic characterization and treatment response monitoring of brain tumors. However, their role in the realm of pediatric DMG is nascent. By summarizing DMG metabolic pathways in conjunction with their imaging surrogates, we aim to elucidate the untapped potential of such imaging techniques in this devastating disease.
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- 2023
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29. Trauma in the Classroom: Student Experiences and Perspectives on Educator Support
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Kimberly S. Graham
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Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are reportedly experienced by 61% of the population (Center for Disease Control research, 2019). With high rates of students experiencing trauma, the need for teacher support is evident. This study examined the experiences and perspectives of students regarding the support they received from their teachers. Through a mixed-methods approach, a survey was used to obtain qualitative and quantitative data from high school seniors and college freshmen over 18. The data set is comprised of students (N = 28) from three high schools and one university. A thematic analysis was conducted on the data, and the findings from the survey revealed the importance of the student/teacher relationships. Students also emphasized the importance of teachers being trained in trauma detection and want educators to realize their often out-of-the-norm behaviors were a result of experienced trauma. Additionally, while students agreed that their teachers generally had the ability to support them academically, there was less agreement on the level of support they felt emotionally and behaviorally. The findings support the need for trauma-informed practices in classroom settings so that educators can help mitigate the effects of trauma in their students' lives. Implications for research, including trauma-informed approaches in the classroom are discussed. Recommendations from this study include the need for schools to develop specific and intentional plans for supporting students who have experienced trauma and incorporate trauma education in preservice and professional development programming. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2021
30. Quantifying Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Using a Multimodal Sensing Knee Brace.
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Kristine L. Richardson, Caitlin N. Teague, Samer Mabrouk, Brandi N. Nevius, Goktug C. Ozmen, Rachel S. Graham, Daniel P. Zachs, Adam Tuma, Erik J. Peterson, Hubert H. Lim, and Omer T. Inan
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- 2022
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31. Generative AI for Medical Imaging: extending the MONAI Framework.
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Walter H. L. Pinaya, Mark S. Graham, Eric Kerfoot, Petru-Daniel Tudosiu, Jessica Dafflon, Virginia Fernandez, Pedro Sanchez, Julia Wolleb, Pedro F. Da Costa, Ashay Patel, Hyungjin Chung, Can Zhao 0001, Wei Peng, Zelong Liu, XueYan Mei, Oeslle Lucena, Jong Chul Ye, Sotirios A. Tsaftaris, Prerna Dogra, Andrew Feng, Marc Modat, Parashkev Nachev, Sébastien Ourselin, and M. Jorge Cardoso
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- 2023
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32. App-based COVID-19 syndromic surveillance and prediction of hospital admissions in COVID Symptom Study Sweden
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Beatrice Kennedy, Hugo Fitipaldi, Ulf Hammar, Marlena Maziarz, Neli Tsereteli, Nikolay Oskolkov, Georgios Varotsis, Camilla A. Franks, Diem Nguyen, Lampros Spiliopoulos, Hans-Olov Adami, Jonas Björk, Stefan Engblom, Katja Fall, Anna Grimby-Ekman, Jan-Eric Litton, Mats Martinell, Anna Oudin, Torbjörn Sjöström, Toomas Timpka, Carole H. Sudre, Mark S. Graham, Julien Lavigne du Cadet, Andrew T. Chan, Richard Davies, Sajaysurya Ganesh, Anna May, Sébastien Ourselin, Joan Capdevila Pujol, Somesh Selvachandran, Jonathan Wolf, Tim D. Spector, Claire J. Steves, Maria F. Gomez, Paul W. Franks, and Tove Fall
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Science - Abstract
The app-based COVID Symptom Study was launched in Sweden in April 2020 to contribute to real-time COVID-19 surveillance using daily symptom reports from study participants. Here, the authors show how syndromic surveillance can be used to estimate regional COVID-19 prevalence and to predict later COVID-19 hospital admissions.
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- 2022
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33. Structure-based design of stabilized recombinant influenza neuraminidase tetramers
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Daniel Ellis, Julia Lederhofer, Oliver J. Acton, Yaroslav Tsybovsky, Sally Kephart, Christina Yap, Rebecca A. Gillespie, Adrian Creanga, Audrey Olshefsky, Tyler Stephens, Deleah Pettie, Michael Murphy, Claire Sydeman, Maggie Ahlrichs, Sidney Chan, Andrew J. Borst, Young-Jun Park, Kelly K. Lee, Barney S. Graham, David Veesler, Neil P. King, and Masaru Kanekiyo
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Science - Abstract
Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is a drug target and a potential vaccine antigen. Here, the authors provide a detailed analysis of the conformational stability of NA, and show how expression and stability of recombinant NA antigens can be strengthened through structure-based design.
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- 2022
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34. Fibroblast Activation Protein Expression in Sarcomas
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Jacquelyn N. Crane, Danielle S. Graham, Christine E. Mona, Scott D. Nelson, Alireza Samiei, David W. Dawson, Sarah M. Dry, Marwan G. Masri, Joseph G. Crompton, Matthias R. Benz, Johannes Czernin, Fritz C. Eilber, Thomas G. Graeber, Jeremie Calais, and Noah C. Federman
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Objectives. Fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAP) is highly expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts in multiple epithelial cancers. The aim of this study was to characterize FAP expression in sarcomas to explore its potential utility as a diagnostic and therapeutic target and prognostic biomarker in sarcomas. Methods. Available tissue samples from patients with bone or soft tissue tumors were identified at the University of California, Los Angeles. FAP expression was evaluated via immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tumor samples (n = 63), adjacent normal tissues (n = 30), and positive controls (n = 2) using semiquantitative systems for intensity (0 = negative; 1 = weak; 2 = moderate; and 3 = strong) and density (none, 75%) in stromal and tumor/nonstromal cells and using a qualitative overall score (not detected, low, medium, and high). Additionally, RNA sequencing data in publicly available databases were utilized to compare FAP expression in samples (n = 10,626) from various cancer types and evaluate the association between FAP expression and overall survival (OS) in sarcoma (n = 168). Results. The majority of tumor samples had FAP IHC intensity scores ≥2 and density scores ≥25% for stromal cells (77.7%) and tumor cells (50.7%). All desmoid fibromatosis, myxofibrosarcoma, solitary fibrous tumor, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma samples had medium or high FAP overall scores. Sarcomas were among cancer types with the highest mean FAP expression by RNA sequencing. There was no significant difference in OS in patients with sarcoma with low versus high FAP expression. Conclusion. The majority of the sarcoma samples showed FAP expression by both stromal and tumor/nonstromal cells. Further investigation of FAP as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target in sarcomas is warranted.
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- 2023
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35. Ability of high fat diet to induce liver pathology correlates with the level of linoleic acid and Vitamin E in the diet.
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Dalton S Graham, Gang Liu, Ailar Arasteh, Xiao-Ming Yin, and Shengmin Yan
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Increased uptake of fat, such as through the ingestion of high fat diet (HFD), can lead to fatty liver diseases and metabolic syndrome. It is not clear whether certain fatty acids may be more pathogenic than others to the liver. Linoleic acid (LA) is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet and its excessive consumption can lead to increased lipid peroxidation. We hypothesized that a high level of LA in HFD will contribute significantly to the hepatic steatosis and injury, whereas vitamin E (VIT-E) may reverse the effects from LA by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. To test this hypothesis, we fed mice with the following diets for 20 weeks: a standard low-fat diet (CHOW), HFD with a low level of LA (LOW-LA, 1% of energy from LA), HFD with a high level of LA (HI-LA, 8% of energy from LA), or HI-LA diet with VIT-E supplement (HI-LA + VIT-E). We found that the HI-LA diet resulted in more body weight gain, larger adipocyte area, and higher serum levels of triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) relative to the CHOW and LOW-LA diets. In mice fed with the HI-LA diet, severer hepatic steatosis was seen with higher levels of hepatic TG and FFA. Expression of genes related to lipid metabolism was altered in the liver by HI-LA diet, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21), cluster of differentiation 36 (Cd36), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1), and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (Acox1). Liver injury, inflammation and fibrotic response were all enhanced in mice fed with the HI-LA diet when compared with the LOW-LA diet. Notably, addition of VIT-E supplement, which restores the proper VIT-E/PUFA ratio, significantly reduced the detrimental effects of the high level of LA. Taken together, our results suggest that a high level of LA and a low ratio of VIT-E/PUFA in HFD can contribute significantly to metabolic abnormalities and hepatic injury.
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- 2023
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36. Tract-specific differences in white matter microstructure between young adult APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers: A replication and extension study
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Rikki Lissaman, Thomas M. Lancaster, Greg D. Parker, Kim S. Graham, Andrew D. Lawrence, and Carl J. Hodgetts
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APOE ,Alzheimer's disease ,Parahippocampal cingulum bundle ,Inferior longitudinal fasciculus ,Diffusion MRI ,Structural connectivity ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
The parahippocampal cingulum bundle (PHCB) interconnects regions known to be vulnerable to early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, including posteromedial cortex and medial temporal lobe. While AD-related pathology has been robustly associated with alterations in PHCB microstructure, specifically lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD), emerging evidence indicates that the reverse pattern is evident in younger adults at increased risk of AD. In one such study, Hodgetts et al. (2019) reported that healthy young adult carriers of the apolipoprotein-E (APOE) ε4 allele – the strongest common genetic risk factor for AD – showed higher FA and lower MD in the PHCB but not the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). These results are consistent with proposals claiming that heightened neural activity and intrinsic connectivity play a significant role in increasing posteromedial cortex vulnerability to amyloid-β and tau spread beyond the medial temporal lobe. Given the implications for understanding AD risk, here we sought to replicate Hodgetts et al.‘s finding in a larger sample (N = 128; 40 APOE ε4 carriers, 88 APOE ε4 non-carriers) of young adults (age range = 19–33). Extending this work, we also conducted an exploratory analysis using a more advanced measure of white matter microstructure: hindrance modulated orientational anisotropy (HMOA). Contrary to the original study, we did not observe higher FA or lower MD in the PHCB of APOE ε4 carriers relative to non-carriers. Bayes factors (BFs) further revealed moderate-to-strong evidence in support of these null findings. In addition, we observed no APOE ε4-related differences in PHCB HMOA. Our findings indicate that young adult APOE ε4 carriers and non-carriers do not differ in PHCB microstructure, casting some doubt on the notion that early-life variation in PHCB tract microstructure might enhance vulnerability to amyloid-β accumulation and/or tau spread.
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- 2022
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37. Test-Time Unsupervised Domain Adaptation.
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Thomas Varsavsky, Mauricio Orbes-Arteaga, Carole H. Sudre, Mark S. Graham, Parashkev Nachev, and M. Jorge Cardoso
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- 2020
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38. Hierarchical Brain Parcellation with Uncertainty.
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Mark S. Graham, Carole H. Sudre, Thomas Varsavsky, Petru-Daniel Tudosiu, Parashkev Nachev, Sébastien Ourselin, and Manuel Jorge Cardoso
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- 2020
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39. Level of maternal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F antibodies in hospitalized children and correlates of protection
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Sara A. Taleb, Khalid Al-Ansari, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Mohamed A. Elrayess, Asmaa A. Al-Thani, Alexandrine Derrien-Colemyn, Tracy J. Ruckwardt, Barney S. Graham, and Hadi M. Yassine
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RSV ,F-protein ,Neonates ,Antibodies ,Protection ,Vaccine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory infection among children and no vaccine is available. The stabilized form of the fusion (F) protein – pre-F – is a leading vaccine candidate to target different populations, including pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and nature of RSV-directed maternal antibodies (matAbs) in hospitalized children with RSV infection. Methods: Sixty-five paired blood samples were collected from RSV-infected children aged
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- 2021
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40. Durvalumab (MEDI 4736) in combination with extended neoadjuvant regimens in rectal cancer: a study protocol of a randomised phase II trial (PRIME-RT)
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Catherine R. Hanna, Sean M. O’Cathail, Janet S. Graham, Mark Saunders, Leslie Samuel, Mark Harrison, Lynsey Devlin, Joanne Edwards, Daniel R. Gaya, Caroline A. Kelly, Liz-Anne Lewsley, Noori Maka, Paula Morrison, Louise Dinnett, Susan Dillon, Jacqueline Gourlay, Jonathan J. Platt, Fiona Thomson, Richard A. Adams, and Campbell S. D. Roxburgh
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Rectal ,Neoplasm ,Chemotherapy ,Radiotherapy ,Immune-oncology ,Immunotherapy ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Advances in multi-modality treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) have resulted in low local recurrence rates, but around 30% of patients will still die from distant metastatic disease. In parallel, there is increasing recognition that with radiotherapy and systemic treatment, some patients achieve a complete response and may avoid surgical resection, including in many cases, the need for a permanent stoma. Extended neoadjuvant regimes have emerged to address these concerns. The inclusion of immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting has the potential to further enhance this strategy by priming the local immune microenvironment and engaging the systemic immune response. Methods PRIME-RT is a multi-centre, open label, phase II, randomised trial for patients with newly diagnosed LARC. Eligible patients will be randomised to receive either: short course radiotherapy (25 Gray in 5 fractions over one week) with concomitant durvalumab (1500 mg administered intravenously every 4 weeks), followed by FOLFOX (85 mg/m2 oxaliplatin, 350 mg folinic acid and 400 mg/m2 bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) given on day 1 followed by 2400 mg/m2 5-FU infusion over 46–48 h, all administered intravenously every 2 weeks), and durvalumab, or long course chemoradiotherapy (50 Gray to primary tumour in 25 fractions over 5 weeks with concomitant oral capecitabine 825 mg/m2 twice per day on days of radiotherapy) with durvalumab followed by FOLFOX and durvalumab. The primary endpoint is complete response rate in each arm. Secondary endpoints include treatment compliance, toxicity, safety, overall recurrence, proportion of patients with a permanent stoma, and survival. The study is translationally rich with collection of bio-specimens prior to, during, and following treatment in order to understand the molecular and immunological factors underpinning treatment response. The trial opened and the first patient was recruited in January 2021. The main trial will recruit up to 42 patients with LARC and commence after completion of a safety run-in that will recruit at least six patients with LARC or metastatic disease. Discussion PRIME-RT will explore if adding immunotherapy to neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy for patients with LARC can prime the tumour microenvironment to improve complete response rates and stoma free survival. Sequential biopsies are a key component within the trial design that will provide new knowledge on how the tumour microenvironment changes at different time-points in response to multi-modality treatment. This expectation is that the trial will provide information to test this treatment within a large phase clinical trial. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04621370 (Registered 9th Nov 2020) EudraCT number 2019-001471-36 (Registered 6th Nov 2020)
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- 2021
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41. Proposal for Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Nomenclature below the Species Level
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Vahid Salimi, Mariana Viegas, Alfonsina Trento, Charles N. Agoti, Larry J. Anderson, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Justin Bahl, Louis Bont, J. Rodney Brister, Patricia A. Cane, Mónica Galiano, Barney S. Graham, Eneida L. Hatcher, Orienka Hellferscee, David M. Henke, Siddhivinayak Hirve, Sandra Jackson, Els Keyaerts, Leyla Kragten-Tabatabaie, Stephen Lindstrom, Inne Nauwelaers, D. James Nokes, Peter J. Openshaw, Teresa C. Peret, Pedro A. Piedra, Kaat Ramaekers, Annabel Rector, Nídia Sequeira Trovão, Anne von Gottberg, Maria Zambon, Wenqing Zhang, Thomas C. Williams, Ian G. Barr, and Ursula J. Buchholz
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HRSV ,Human orthopneumovirus ,human respiratory syncytial virus ,isolates ,nomenclature ,respiratory infections ,Medicine ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the leading viral cause of serious pediatric respiratory disease, and lifelong reinfections are common. Its 2 major subgroups, A and B, exhibit some antigenic variability, enabling HRSV to circulate annually. Globally, research has increased the number of HRSV genomic sequences available. To ensure accurate molecular epidemiology analyses, we propose a uniform nomenclature for HRSV-positive samples and isolates, and HRSV sequences, namely: HRSV/subgroup identifier/geographic identifier/unique sequence identifier/year of sampling. We also propose a template for submitting associated metadata. Universal nomenclature would help researchers retrieve and analyze sequence data to better understand the evolution of this virus.
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- 2021
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42. Safety and immunogenicity of an HIV-1 prefusion-stabilized envelope trimer (Trimer 4571) vaccine in healthy adults: A first-in-human open-label, randomized, dose-escalation, phase 1 clinical trial
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Katherine V. Houser, Martin R. Gaudinski, Myra Happe, Sandeep Narpala, Raffaello Verardi, Edward K. Sarfo, Angela R. Corrigan, Richard Wu, Ro Shauna Rothwell, Laura Novik, Cynthia S. Hendel, Ingelise J. Gordon, Nina M. Berkowitz, Cora Trelles Cartagena, Alicia T. Widge, Emily E. Coates, Larisa Strom, Somia Hickman, Michelle Conan-Cibotti, Sandra Vazquez, Olga Trofymenko, Sarah Plummer, Judy Stein, Christopher L. Case, Martha Nason, Andrea Biju, Danealle K. Parchment, Anita Changela, Cheng Cheng, Hongying Duan, Hui Geng, I-Ting Teng, Tongqing Zhou, Sarah O'Connell, Chris Barry, Kevin Carlton, Jason G. Gall, Britta Flach, Nicole A. Doria-Rose, Barney S. Graham, Richard A. Koup, Adrian B. McDermott, John R. Mascola, Peter D. Kwong, and Julie E. Ledgerwood
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HIV-1 ,Vaccine ,Trimer 4571 ,BG505 DS-SOSIP.664 ,Phase 1 clinical trial ,NIH ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background: Advances in therapeutic drugs have increased life-expectancies for HIV-infected individuals, but the need for an effective vaccine remains. We assessed safety and immunogenicity of HIV-1 vaccine, Trimer 4571 (BG505 DS-SOSIP.664) adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (alum), in HIV-negative adults. Methods: We conducted a phase I, randomized, open-label, dose-escalation trial at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD, USA. Eligible participants were HIV-negative, healthy adults between 18-50 years. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive Trimer 4571 adjuvanted with 500 mcg alum by either the subcutaneous (SC) or intramuscular (IM) route at weeks 0, 8, and 20 in escalating doses of 100 mcg or 500 mcg. The primary objectives were to evaluate the safety and tolerability of Trimer 4571 with a secondary objective of evaluating vaccine-induced antibody responses. The primary and safety endpoints were evaluated in all participants who received at least one dose of Trimer 4571. Trial results were summarized using descriptive statistics. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03783130. Findings: Between March 7 and September 11, 2019, 16 HIV-negative participants were enrolled, including six (38%) males and ten (62%) females. All participants received three doses of Trimer 4571. Solicited reactogenicity was mild to moderate in severity, with one isolated instance of severe injection site redness (6%) following a third 500 mcg SC administration. The most commonly reported solicited symptoms included mild injection site tenderness in 14 (88%) and mild myalgia in six (38%) participants. The most frequent unsolicited adverse event attributed to vaccination was mild injection site pruritus in six (38%) participants. Vaccine-induced seropositivity occurred in seven (44%) participants and resolved in all but one (6%). No serious adverse events occurred. Trimer 4571-specific binding antibodies were detected in all groups two weeks after regimen completion, primarily focused on the glycan-free trimer base. Neutralizing antibody activity was limited to the 500 mcg dose groups. Interpretation: Trimer 4571 was safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic in this first-in-human trial. While this phase 1 trial is limited in size, our results inform and support further evaluation of prefusion-stabilized HIV-1 envelope trimers as a component of vaccine design strategies to generate broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. Funding: Intramural Research Program of the Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
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- 2022
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43. LY-CoV1404 (bebtelovimab) potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants
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Kathryn Westendorf, Stefanie Žentelis, Lingshu Wang, Denisa Foster, Peter Vaillancourt, Matthew Wiggin, Erica Lovett, Robin van der Lee, Jörg Hendle, Anna Pustilnik, J. Michael Sauder, Lucas Kraft, Yuri Hwang, Robert W. Siegel, Jinbiao Chen, Beverly A. Heinz, Richard E. Higgs, Nicole L. Kallewaard, Kevin Jepson, Rodrigo Goya, Maia A. Smith, David W. Collins, Davide Pellacani, Ping Xiang, Valentine de Puyraimond, Marketa Ricicova, Lindsay Devorkin, Caitlin Pritchard, Aoise O’Neill, Kush Dalal, Pankaj Panwar, Harveer Dhupar, Fabian A. Garces, Courtney A. Cohen, John M. Dye, Kathleen E. Huie, Catherine V. Badger, Darwyn Kobasa, Jonathan Audet, Joshua J. Freitas, Saleema Hassanali, Ina Hughes, Luis Munoz, Holly C. Palma, Bharathi Ramamurthy, Robert W. Cross, Thomas W. Geisbert, Vineet Menachery, Kumari Lokugamage, Viktoriya Borisevich, Iliana Lanz, Lisa Anderson, Payal Sipahimalani, Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Eun Sung Yang, Yi Zhang, Wei Shi, Tongqing Zhou, Misook Choe, John Misasi, Peter D. Kwong, Nancy J. Sullivan, Barney S. Graham, Tara L. Fernandez, Carl L. Hansen, Ester Falconer, John R. Mascola, Bryan E. Jones, and Bryan C. Barnhart
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CP: Microbiology ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can reduce the risk of hospitalization from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) when administered early. However, SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) have negatively affected therapeutic use of some authorized mAbs. Using a high-throughput B cell screening pipeline, we isolated LY-CoV1404 (bebtelovimab), a highly potent SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific antibody. LY-CoV1404 potently neutralizes authentic SARS-CoV-2, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.617.2. In pseudovirus neutralization studies, LY-CoV1404 potently neutralizes variants, including B.1.1.7, B.1.351, B.1.617.2, B.1.427/B.1.429, P.1, B.1.526, B.1.1.529, and the BA.2 subvariant. Structural analysis reveals that the contact residues of the LY-CoV1404 epitope are highly conserved, except for N439 and N501. The binding and neutralizing activity of LY-CoV1404 is unaffected by the most common mutations at these positions (N439K and N501Y). The broad and potent neutralization activity and the relatively conserved epitope suggest that LY-CoV1404 has the potential to be an effective therapeutic agent to treat all known variants.
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- 2022
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44. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies
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James Paul Mason, Alexandra Werth, Colin G. West, Allison Youngblood, Donald L. Woodraska, Courtney L. Peck, Arvind J. Aradhya, Yijian Cai, David Chaparro, James W. Erikson, Koushik Ganesan, T. R. Geerdts, Thi D Hoang, Thomas M. Horning, Yan Jin, Haixin Liu, Noah Lordi, Zheng Luo, Thanmay S. Menon, Josephine C. Meyer, Emma E Nelson, Kristin A. Oliver, Jorge L Ramirez Ortiz, Andrew Osborne, Alyx Patterson, Nick Pellatz, John Pitten, Nanako Shitara, Daniel Steckhahn, Aseem Visal, Hongda Wang, Chaoran Wang, Evan Wickenden, John Wilson, Mengyu Wu, Nikolay Yegovtsev, Ingrid H Zimmermann, James Holland Aaron, Jumana T. Abdullah, Jonathan M. Abrams, Riley Abrashoff, Andres B. Acevedo, Iker Acha, Daniela M. Meza Acosta, Megan M. Adam, Dante Q. Adams, Kalvyn N Adams, Elena R Adams, Zainab A. Akbar, Ushmi H. Akruwala, Adel Al-Ghazwi, Batool H. Alabbas, Areej A. Alawadhi, Yazeed A. Alharbi, Mohammed S. Alahmed, Mohammed A. Albakr, Yusef J. Albalushi, Jonathan Albaum, Ahmed Aldhamen, Nolan Ales, Mohammad Alesmail, Abdulelah Alhabeeb, Dania Alhamli, Isehaq Alhuseini, Suhail Alkaabi, Tameem Alkhezzi, Mohamed Alkubaisi, Nasser Allanqawi, Martin Allsbrook, Yousef A. Almohsen, Justin Thomas Almquist, Teeb Alnaji, Yousef A Alnasrallah, Nicholas Alonzi, Meshal Alosaimi, Emeen Alqabani, Mohammad Alrubaie, Reema A. Alsinan, Ava L. Altenbern, Abdullah Altokhais, Saleh A. Alyami, Federico Ameijenda, Hamzi Amer, Meggan Amos, Hunter J. Anderson, Carter Andrew, Jesse C Andringa, Abigail Angwin, Gabreece Van Anne, Andrew Aramians, Camila Villamil Arango, Jack. W. Archibald, Brian A. Arias-Robles, Maryam Aryan, Kevin Ash, Justin Astalos, N. S. Atchley-Rivers, Dakota N. Augenstein, Bryce W. Austin, Abhinav Avula, Matthew C. Aycock, Abdulrahman A. Baflah, Sahana Balaji, Brian Balajonda, Leo M Balcer, James O. Baldwin, David J Banda, Titus Bard, Abby Barmore, Grant M. Barnes, Logan D. W. Barnhart, Kevin M. Barone, Jessica L. Bartman, Claire Bassel, Catalina S Bastias, Batchimeg Bat-Ulzii, Jasleen Batra, Lexi Battist, Joshua Bay, Simone Beach, Sara Beard, Quinn I Beato, Ryan Beattie, Thomas Beatty, Tristan De La Beaujardiere, Jacob N. Beauprez, M. G. Beck, Lily Beck, Simone E. Becker, Braden Behr, Timothy A. Behrer, Joshua Beijer, Brennan J. Belei, Annelene L. Belknap, Aislyn Bell, Caden Bence, Evan Benke, Naomi Berhanu, Zachary D. Berriman-Rozen, Chrisanna Bertuccio, Owen A. Berv, Blaine B. Biediger, Samuel J Biehle, Brennen Billig, Jacob Billingsley, Jayce A. Billman, Connor J. Biron, Gabrielle E. Bisacca, Cassidy A. Blake, Guillermo Blandon, Olivia Blevins, Ethan Blouin, Michal Bodzianowski, Taylor A. Boeyink, Matthew Bondar, Lauren Bone, Alberto Espinosa De Los Monteros Bonilla, William T Borelli, Luke R. Borgerding, Troy Bowen, Christine Boyer, Aidan Boyer, Aidan P. Boyle, Tom Boyne, Donovan Branch, Ariana E. Brecl, David J. Brennan, Alexander J Brimhall, Jennifer L. Brockman, Sarah Brookins, Gabriel T. Brown, Cameron L. Brown, Ryan Brown, Jordi Brownlow, Grant Brumage-Heller, Preston J. Brumley, Samuel Bryan, A. Brzostowicz, Maryam Buhamad, Gigi Bullard-Connor, J. R. Ramirez Bunsow, Annemarie C. Burns, John J. Burritt, Nicholas David Burton, Taylor Burton, Celeste Busch, Dylan R. Butler, B. W. Buxton, Malena C. Toups, Carter C. Cabbage, Breonna Cage, Jackson R. Cahn, Andrew J Campbell, Braden P. Canales, Alejandro R. Cancio, Luke Carey, Emma L. Carillion, Michael Andrew Carpender, Emily Carpenter, Shivank Chadda, Paige Chambers, Jasey Chanders, Olivia M. Chandler, Ethan C. Chang, Mitchell G. Chapman, Logan T. Chapman, S. Chavali, Luis Chavez, Kevin Chen, Lily Chen, Sam Chen, Judy Chen, Jenisha Chhetri, Bradyn Chiles, Kayla M. Chizmar, Katherine E Christiansen, Nicholas A. Cisne, Alexis Cisneros, David B. Clark, Evelyn Clarke, Peter C Clarkson, Alexis R. Clausi, Brooke Cochran, Ryan W. Coe, Aislinn Coleman-Plante, Jake R. Colleran, Zachary Colleran, Curran Collier, Nathaniel A. Collins, Sarah Collins, Jack C. Collins, Michael Colozzi, Aurora Colter, Rebecca A. Cone, Thomas C. Conroy, Reese Conti, Charles J. Contizano, Destiny J. Cool, Nicholas M. Cooper, Jessica S Corbitt, Jonas Courtney, Olivia Courtney, Corben L. Cox, Wilmsen B. Craig, Joshua B. Creany, Anastasia Crews, K. A. Crocker, A. J. Croteau, Christian J. Crow, Zoe Cruse, Avril Cruz, Tyler L. Curnow, Hayden Current, Riley T. Curry, Libby Cutler, Aidan St. Cyr, Frederick M. Dabberdt, Johnston Daboub, Olivia Damgaard, Swagatam Das, Emma A. B. Davis, Elyse Debarros, Sean Deel, Megan E. Delasantos, Tianyue Deng, Zachary Derwin, Om Desai, Kai Dewey, John S. Dias, Kenzie A. Dice, R. Dick, Cyrus A. Dicken, Henry Dietrick, Alexis M. Dinser, Alyssa M. Dixon, Thomas J. Dixon, Helen C. Do, Chris H Doan, Connor Doane, Joshua Dodrill, Timothy Doermer, Lizbeth Montoya Dominguez, J. Dominguez, Emerson N. Domke, Caroline R. Doran, Jackson A. Dorr, Philip Dorricott, Danielle C. Dresdner, Michael Driscoll, Kailer H. Driscoll, Sheridan J. Duncan, Christian Dunlap, Gabrielle M. Dunn, Tien Q. Duong, Tomi Oshima Dupeyron, Peter Dvorak, Andrew East, Andrew N. East, Bree Edwards, Lauren Ehrlich, Sara I. Elbashir, Rasce Engelhardt, Jacob Engelstad, Colin England, Andrew Enrich, Abbey Erickson, Benjamin Erickson, Nathan Evans, Calvin A Ewing, Elizabeth A. Eyeson, Ian Faber, Avery M. Fails, John T Fauntleroy, Kevin Fell, Zitian Feng, Logan D. Fenwick, Nikita Feoktistov, Ryann Fife, John Alfred D. Figueirinhas, Jean-Paul Fisch, Emmalee Fischer, Jules Fischer-White, Aidan F. Fitton, Alexander Fix, Lydia Flackett, Fernando Flores, Aidan Floyd, Leonardo Del Foco, Adeduni Folarin, Aidan E. Forbes, Elise Fortino, Benjamin L. Fougere, Alexandra A. Fowler, Margaret Fox, James M. French, Katherine V. French, Florian G. Frick, Calvin R. Fuchs, Bethany E. S. Fuhrman, Sebastian Furney, Moutamen Gabir, Gabriela Galarraga, Skylar Gale, Keala C. Gapin, A. J. Garscadden, Rachel Gasser, Lily Gayou, Emily E. Gearhart, Jane Geisman, Julianne R. Geneser, Sl Genne, Julia G Gentile, Eleanor Gentry, Jacob D. George, Nathaniel James Georgiades, Phillip Gerhardstein, Clint Gersabeck, Bandar Abu Ghaith, Dorsa Ghiassi, B. C. Giebner, Dalton Gilmartin, Connor B. Gilpatrick, Michael Gjini, Olivia Golden, Nathan T. Golding, C. A. Goldsberry, Angel R. Gomez, Angel A. Gomez, Sean Gopalakrishnan, Mariam Gopalani, Nicholas Gotlib, Alaina S. Graham, Michael J Gray, Alannah H. Gregory, Joshua A. Gregory, Kristyn Grell, Justus Griego, Nicholas F. Griffin, Kyle J. Griffin, Matt Guerrero, Nicole Gunderson, Mutian Guo, E. R. Gustavsson, Grace K. Hach, L. N. Haile, Jessica Haines, Jack J. Mc Hale, Ryder Buchanan Hales, Mark S. Haley, Jacqueline L. Hall, Sean R. Hamilton, Soonhee Han, Tyler Hand, Luke C. Hanley, Connor M Hansen, Joshua A. Hansen, Jonathan Hansson, Tony Yunfei Hao, Nicholas Haratsaris, Isabelle Hardie, Dillon F. Hardwick, Cameron T. Hares, Logan Swous Harris, Coyle M. Harris, Omer Hart, Kyle Hashiro, Elsie Hattendorf, Calder Haubrich, Elijah Hawat, Griffin A. Hayrynen, Danielle A. Heintz, Tim Hellweg, Angel Hernandez, Emanuel Herrera, Robert N. Herrington, Tim Herwig, Troy M. Hesse, Quinn Hiatt, Lea Pearl Hibbard, Imari R. Hicks, Andrew J. Hicks, Nigel Highhouse, Annalise K. Hildebrand, Paula Hill, Hallie Hill, Evan Hintsa, Anna E. Hirschmann, Travis Hitt, Ella Ho, Isabelle J. Hoff, Alex Hoffman, Blake A. Hogen, Linda Horne, Timothy J Houck, Noah H. Howell, E. M. Hrudka, J. Hu, Jianyang Huang, Chenqi Huang, Shancheng Huang, Zachary A. Hudson, Nathan C. Hudson, Tyler J. Huebsch, Owen Hull, Samuel C Hunter, Troy Husted, Abigail P. Hutabarat, Leslie Huynh, Antonio E. Samour Ii, Yolande Idoine, Julia A. Ingram, Taro Iovan, Samuel A. Isert, Antonio Salcido-Alcontar, Thomas Jacobsen, Alan A Jaimes, Connor Jameson, J. R. Jarriel, Sam Jarvis, Josh Jenkins, Alexander V. Jensen, Jacob Jeong, Luke A. Jeseritz, Trevor Jesse, Soo Yeun Ji, Yufan Jiang, Owen Johnson, Matthew Johnson, Sawyer Johnson, Julia Johnston, Braedon Y. Johnston, Olivia M. Jones, M. R. Jones, Tara Jourabchi, Tony A. House, Parker Juels, Sabrina J. H. T. Kainz, Emily Kaiser, Nicolas Ian Kallemeyn, Madison H. Kalmus, Etash Kalra, Margaret Kamenetskiy, Jeerakit Kanokthippayakun, Shaun D. Kapla, Brennan J. Karsh, Caden J. Keating, Morgan A. Kelley, Michael P. Kelley, Nicholas Kelly, James Kelly, Teagan Kelly, Christopher M Kelly, Kellen Kennedy, Cayla J. Kennedy, Forrest Kennedy, Abigail Kennedy, Liana Kerr-Layton, Marilyn Ketterer, Ibraheem A. Khan, Usman Khan, Sapriya Khanal, Jack L. Kiechlin, Dominic Killian, Kevin Kim, Brian T. Kim, Matthew M. Kim, Jake Kim, Aspen Kimlicko, Isabel M Kipp, Hunter B. Kirkpatrick, Natalie Kissner, Emily R. Kite, Olivia R. Kleinhaus, Philip Whiting Knott, Will Koch, Greta Koenig, Emily Koke, Thomas Kokes, Yash S. Kothamdi, Zack Krajnak, Zoe M. Kresek, Dylan Kriegman, Jake E. Kritzberg, Davis J. Krueger, Bartlomiej Kubiak, Kirsten Kuehl, Chrisanne Kuester, Nicolas A. Kuiper, Aman Priyadarshi Kumar, Connor Kuybus, Daniel Kwiatkowski, Quintin Y. Lafemina, Kevin Lacjak, Kyle Lahmers, Antonia Lam, Kalin Landrey, Maxwell B. Lantz, Zachary Larter, Benjamin P. Lau, Megan Lauzon, Rian Lawlor, Tyler Learned, E. C. Lee, Junwon Lee, Adrianna J. Lee, Justin Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan Lee, Christian J Lee, Nathaniel F. Lee, Linzhi Leiker, Dylan Lengerich, Cecilia Leoni, Adrienne R. Lezak, David Y. Li, Isaac Li, Ryan Z. Liao, Bridget Linders, Morgan I Linger, Katherine B. Linnane, Sam Lippincott, Barrett Lister, Shelby D Litton, Nianzi Liu, Steven Y. Liu, Timothy W. Logan, Nathan Londres, Mia C. Lonergan, Emily Lookhoff, N. E. Loomis, Christian Lopez, Justin Loring, Jeffrey Lucca, Dax Lukianow, Nathan M. Cheang, William Macdonald, Claire A. Madonna, Kasey O. Madsen, Tiffany E. Maksimuk, Macguire Mallory, Ryan A. Malone, Blake Maly, Xander R. Manzanares, Aimee S. Maravi, Serafima M. Marcus, Nasreen Marikar, Josie A. Marquez, Mathew J. Marquez, Lauren Marsh, Toni Marsh, Logan S. Martin, Alexa M. Martinez, Jose R. Martinez, Hazelia K. Martinez, Cara Martyr, Mirna Masri, Giorgio Matessi, Adam Izz Khan Mohd Reduan Mathavan, Randi M. Mathieson, Kabir P. Mathur, Graham Mauer, Victoria A. Mayer, Liam Mazzotta, Glen S. Mccammon, Rowan Mcconvey, Tyler Mccormick, Andrew Mccoy, Kelleen Mcentee, Meaghan V. Mcgarvey, Riley M. Mcgill, James K. Mcintyre, Finbar K. Mckemey, Zane Mcmorris, Jesse J. Mcmullan, Ella Mcquaid, Caden Mcvey, Kyle Mccurry, Mateo M. Medellin, Melissa Medialdea, Amar Mehidic, Stella Meillon, Jonah B. Meiselman-Ashen, Sarah Mellett, Dominic Menassa, Citlali Mendez, Patricia Mendoza-Anselmi, Riley Menke, Sarah Mesgina, William J. Mewhirter, Ethan Meyer, Aya M. Miften, Ethan J. Miles, Andrew Miller, Joshua B. Miller, Emily B. Millican, Sarah J. Millican, Dylan P. Mills, Josh Minimo, Jay H. Misener, Alexander J. Mitchell, Alexander Z. Mizzi, Luis Molina-Saenz, Tyler S Moll, Hayden Moll, Maximus Montano, Michael Montoya, Eli Monyek, Jacqueline Rodriguez Mora, Gavin Morales, Genaro Morales, Annalise M. Morelock, Cora Morency, Angel J. Moreno, Remy Morgan, Alexander P. Moss, Brandon A. Muckenthaler, Alexander Mueller, Owen T. Mulcahy, Aria T. Mundy, Alexis A. Muniz, Maxwell J. Murphy, Madalyn C. Murphy, Ryan C. Murphy, Tyler Murrel, Andrew J. Musgrave, Michael S. Myer, Kshmya Nandu, Elena R. Napoletano, Abdulaziz Naqi, Anoothi Narayan, Liebe Nasser, Brenna K Neeland, Molly Nehring, Maya Li Nelson, Lena P. Nguyen, Lena Nguyen, Leonardo Nguyen, Valerie A. Nguyen, Khoa D Nguyen, Kelso Norden, Cooper Norris, Dario Nunes-Valdes, Rosemary O. Nussbaum, Cian O’Sullivan, Ian O’Neill, S. H. Oakes, Anand Odbayar, Caleb Ogle, Sean Oishi-Holder, Nicholas Olguin, Nathaniel P. Olson, Jason Ong, Elena N. Opp, Dan Orbidan, Ryan Oros, Althea E. Ort, Matthew Osborn, Austin Osogwin, Grant Otto, Jessica Oudakker, Igor Overchuk, Hannah M. Padgette, Jacqueline Padilla, Mallory Palizzi, Madeleine L. Palmgren, Adler Palos, Luke J. Pan, Nathan L. Parker, Sasha R. Parker, Evan J. Parkinson, Anish Parulekar, Paige J. Pastor, Kajal Patel, Akhil Patel, Neil S. Patel, Samuel Patti, Catherine Patton, Genevieve K. Payne, Matthew P. Payne, Harrison M. Pearl, Charles B. Beck Von Peccoz, Alexander J. Pedersen, Lily M. Pelster, Munisettha E. Peou, J. S. Perez, Freddy Perez, Anneliese Pesce, Audrey J. Petersen, B. Peterson, Romeo S. L. Petric, Joshua Pettine, Ethan J. Phalen, Alexander V. Pham, Denise M. Phan, Callie C Pherigo, Lance Phillips, Justin Phillips, Krista Phommatha, Alex Pietras, Tawanchai P. Pine, Sedique Pitsuean-Meier, Andrew M. Pixley, Will Plantz, William C. Plummer, Kaitlyn E. Plutt, Audrey E. Plzak, Kyle Pohle, Hyden Polikoff, Matthew Pollard, Madelyn Polly, Trevor J. Porter, David Price, Nicholas K. Price, Gale H. Prinster, Henry Austin Propper, Josh Quarderer, Megan S. Quinn, Oliver Quinonez, Devon Quispe, Cameron Ragsdale, Anna L. Rahn, M. Rakhmonova, Anoush K Ralapanawe, Nidhi Ramachandra, Nathaniel Ramirez, Ariana C. Ramirez, Sacha Ramirez, Parker Randolph, Anurag Ranjan, Frederick C Rankin, Sarah Grace Rapaport, Nicholas O Ratajczyk, Mia G. V. Ray, Brian D. Reagan, John C. Recchia, Brooklyn J. Reddy, Joseph Reed, Charlie Reed, Justin Reeves, Eileen N. Reh, Ferin J. Von Reich, Andrea B. Reyna, Alexander Reynolds, Hope Reynolds, Matthew Rippel, Guillermo A. Rivas, Anna Linnea Rives, Amanda M. Robert, Samuel M. Robertson, Maeve Rodgers, Stewart Rojec, Andres C. Romero, Ryan Rosasco, Beth Rossman, Michael Rotter, Tyndall Rounsefell, Charlotte Rouse, Allie C. Routledge, Marc G. Roy, Zoe A. Roy, Ryan Ruger, Kendall Ruggles-Delgado, Ian C. Rule, Madigan Rumley, Brenton M. Runyon, Collin Ruprecht, Bowman Russell, Sloan Russell, Diana Ryder, David Saeb, J. Salazar, Violeta Salazar, Maxwell Saldi, Jose A. Salgado, Adam D. Salindeho, Ethan S. Sanchez, Gustavo Sanchez-Sanchez, Darian Sarfaraz, Sucheta Sarkar, Ginn A. Sato, Carl Savage, Marcus T. Schaller, Benjamin T. Scheck, Jared A. W. Schlenker, Matthew J Schofer, Stephanie H. Schubert, Courtney Schultze, Grace K Schumacher, Kasper Seglem, Lauren Serio, Octave Seux, Hannan Shahba, Callie D. Shannahan, Shajesh Sharma, Nathan Shaver, Timothy Shaw, Arlee K. Shelby, Emma Shelby, Grace Shelchuk, Tucker Sheldrake, Daniel P. Sherry, Kyle Z. Shi, Amanda M. Shields, Kyungeun Shin, Michael C. Shockley, Dominick Shoha, Jadon Shortman, Mitchell Shuttleworth, Lisa Sibrell, Molly G. Sickler, Nathan Siles, H. K. Silvester, Conor Simmons, Dylan M. Simone, Anna Simone, Savi Singh, Maya A. Singh, Madeline Sinkovic, Leo Sipowicz, Chris Sjoroos, Ryan Slocum, Colin Slyne, Korben Smart, Alexandra N. Smith, Kelly Smith, Corey Smith, Elena K. Smith, Samantha M. Smith, Percy Smith, Trevor J Smith, G. L. Snyder, Daniel A. Soby, Arman S. Sohail, William J. Solorio, Lincoln Solt, Caitlin Soon, Ava A Spangler, Benjamin C. Spicer, Ashish Srivastava, Emily Stamos, Peter Starbuck, Ethan K. Stark, Travis Starling, Caitlyn Staudenmier, Sheen L. Steinbarth, Christopher H. Steinsberger, Tyler Stepaniak, Ellie N. Steward, Trey Stewart, T. C. Stewart, Cooper N. Stratmeyer, Grant L. Stratton, Jordin L. Stribling, S. A Sulaiman, Brandon J Sullivan, M. E. Sundell, Sohan N. Sur, Rohan Suri, Jason R. Swartz, Joshua D. Sweeney, Konner Syed, Emi Szabo, Philip Szeremeta, Michael-Tan D. Ta, Nolan C. Tanguma, Kyle Taulman, Nicole Taylor, Eleanor Taylor, Liam C. Taylor, K. E. Tayman, Yesica Tellez, Richard Terrile, Corey D Tesdahl, Quinn N. Thielmann, Gerig Thoman, Daniel Thomas, Jeffrey J. Thomas, William N. Thompson, Noah R. Thornally, Darien P. Tobin, Kelly Ton, Nathaniel J. Toon, Kevin Tran, Bryn Tran, Maedee Trank-Greene, Emily D. Trautwein, Robert B. Traxler, Judah Tressler, Tyson R. Trofino, Thomas Troisi, Benjamin L. Trunko, Joshua K. Truong, Julia Tucker, Thomas D Umbricht, C. H. Uphoff, Zachary T. Upthegrove, Shreenija Vadayar, Whitney Valencia, Mia M. Vallery, Eleanor Vanetten, John D. Vann, Ilian Varela, Alexandr Vassilyev, Nicholas J. Vaver, Anjali A. Velamala, Evan Vendetti, Nancy Ortiz Venegas, Aditya V. Vepa, Marcus T. Vess, Jenna S. Veta, Andrew Victory, Jessica Vinson, Connor Maklain Vogel, Michaela Wagoner, Steven P. Wallace, Logan Wallace, Caroline Waller, Jiawei Wang, Keenan Warble, N. R. D. Ward-Chene, James Adam Watson, Robert J. Weber, Aidan B. Wegner, Anthony A Weigand, Amanda M. Weiner, Ayana West, Ethan Benjamin Wexler, Nicola H. Wheeler, Jamison R. White, Zachary White, Oliver S. White, Lloyd C. Whittall, Isaac Wilcove, Blake C. Wilkinson, John S. Willard, Abigail K. Williams, Sajan Williams, Orion K. Wilson, Evan M. Wilson, Timothy R. Wilson, Connor B. Wilson, Briahn Witkoff, Aubrey M. Wolfe, Jackson R. Wolle, Travis M. Wood, Aiden L. Woodard, Katelynn Wootten, Catherine Xiao, Jianing Yang, Zhanchao Yang, Trenton J. Young, Isabel Young, Thomas Zenner, Jiaqi Zhang, Tianwei Zhao, Tiannie Zhao, Noah Y. Zhao, Chongrui Zhou, Josh J Ziebold, Lucas J. Ziegler, James C. Zygmunt, Jinhua Zhang, and H. J. Lewandowski
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- 2023
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45. Denoising Diffusion Models for Out-of-Distribution Detection.
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Mark S. Graham, Walter H. L. Pinaya, Petru-Daniel Tudosiu, Parashkev Nachev, Sébastien Ourselin, and M. Jorge Cardoso
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- 2022
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46. Latent Transformer Models for out-of-distribution detection.
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Mark S. Graham, Petru-Daniel Tudosiu, Paul Wright 0001, Walter Hugo Lopez Pinaya, Petteri Teikari, Ashay Patel, Jean-Marie U.-King-Im, Yee H. Mah, James T. Teo, Hans Rolf Jäger, David Werring, Geraint Rees 0001, Parashkev Nachev, Sébastien Ourselin, and M. Jorge Cardoso
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- 2023
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47. Knowledge barriers in a national symptomatic-COVID-19 testing programme.
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Mark S Graham, Anna May, Thomas Varsavsky, Carole H Sudre, Benjamin Murray, Kerstin Kläser, Michela Antonelli, Liane S Canas, Erika Molteni, Marc Modat, M Jorge Cardoso, David A Drew, Long H Nguyen, Benjamin Rader, Christina Hu, Joan Capdevila, Alexander Hammers, Andrew T Chan, Jonathan Wolf, John S Brownstein, Tim D Spector, Sebastien Ourselin, Claire J Steves, and Christina M Astley
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Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Symptomatic testing programmes are crucial to the COVID-19 pandemic response. We sought to examine United Kingdom (UK) testing rates amongst individuals with test-qualifying symptoms, and factors associated with not testing. We analysed a cohort of untested symptomatic app users (N = 1,237), nested in the Zoe COVID Symptom Study (Zoe, N = 4,394,948); and symptomatic respondents who wanted, but did not have a test (N = 1,956), drawn from a University of Maryland survey administered to Facebook users (The Global COVID-19 Trends and Impact Survey [CTIS], N = 775,746). The proportion tested among individuals with incident test-qualifying symptoms rose from ~20% to ~75% from April to December 2020 in Zoe. Testing was lower with one vs more symptoms (72.9% vs 84.6% p
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- 2022
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48. The mental health burden of racial and ethnic minorities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Long H Nguyen, Adjoa Anyane-Yeboa, Kerstin Klaser, Jordi Merino, David A Drew, Wenjie Ma, Raaj S Mehta, Daniel Y Kim, Erica T Warner, Amit D Joshi, Mark S Graham, Carole H Sudre, Ellen J Thompson, Anna May, Christina Hu, Solveig Jørgensen, Somesh Selvachandran, Sarah E Berry, Sean P David, Maria Elena Martinez, Jane C Figueiredo, Anne M Murray, Alan R Sanders, Karestan C Koenen, Jonathan Wolf, Sebastien Ourselin, Tim D Spector, Claire J Steves, and Andrew T Chan
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Racial/ethnic minorities have been disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. The effects of COVID-19 on the long-term mental health of minorities remains unclear. To evaluate differences in odds of screening positive for depression and anxiety among various racial and ethnic groups during the latter phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, we performed a cross-sectional analysis of 691,473 participants nested within the prospective smartphone-based COVID Symptom Study in the United States (U.S.) and United Kingdom (U.K). from February 23, 2021 to June 9, 2021. In the U.S. (n=57,187), compared to White participants, the multivariable odds ratios (ORs) for screening positive for depression were 1·16 (95% CI: 1·02 to 1·31) for Black, 1·23 (1·11 to 1·36) for Hispanic, and 1·15 (1·02 to 1·30) for Asian participants, and 1·34 (1·13 to 1·59) for participants reporting more than one race/other even after accounting for personal factors such as prior history of a mental health disorder, COVID-19 infection status, and surrounding lockdown stringency. Rates of screening positive for anxiety were comparable. In the U.K. (n=643,286), racial/ethnic minorities had similarly elevated rates of positive screening for depression and anxiety. These disparities were not fully explained by changes in leisure time activities. Racial/ethnic minorities bore a disproportionate mental health burden during the COVID-19 pandemic. These differences will need to be considered as health care systems transition from prioritizing infection control to mitigating long-term consequences.
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- 2022
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49. Brain-environment alignment during movie watching predicts fluid intelligence and affective function in adulthood
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Raluca Petrican, Kim S. Graham, and Andrew D. Lawrence
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Event cognition ,Functional networks ,Dynamic connectivity ,Fluid intelligence ,Aging ,Anxietybrain-environment alignment during movie watching predicts fluid intelligence and affective function in adulthood ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
BOLD fMRI studies have provided compelling evidence that the human brain demonstrates substantial moment-to-moment fluctuations in both activity and functional connectivity (FC) patterns. While the role of brain signal variability in fostering cognitive adaptation to ongoing environmental demands is well-documented, the relevance of moment-to-moment changes in FC patterns is still debated. Here, we adopt a graph theoretical approach in order to shed light on the cognitive-affective implications of FC variability and associated profiles of functional network communication in adulthood. Our goal is to identify brain communication pathways underlying FC reconfiguration at multiple timescales, thereby improving understanding of how faster perceptually bound versus slower conceptual processes shape neural tuning to the dynamics of the external world and, thus, indirectly, mold affective and cognitive responding to the environment. To this end, we used neuroimaging and behavioural data collected during movie watching by the Cambridge Center for Ageing and Neuroscience (N = 642, 326 women) and the Human Connectome Project (N = 176, 106 women). FC variability evoked by changes to both the concrete perceptual and the more abstract conceptual representation of an ongoing situation increased from young to older adulthood. However, coupling between variability in FC patterns and concrete environmental features was stronger at younger ages. FC variability (both moment-to-moment/concrete featural and abstract conceptual boundary-evoked) was associated with age-distinct profiles of network communication, specifically, greater functional integration of the default mode network in older adulthood, but greater informational flow across neural networks implicated in environmentally driven attention and control (cingulo-opercular, salience, ventral attention) in younger adulthood. Whole-brain communication pathways anchored in default mode regions relevant to episodic and semantic context creation (i.e., angular and middle temporal gyri) supported FC reconfiguration in response to changes in the conceptual representation of an ongoing situation (i.e., narrative event boundaries), as well as stronger coupling between moment-to-moment fluctuations in FC and concrete environmental features. Fluid intelligence/abstract reasoning was directly linked to levels of brain-environment alignment, but only indirectly associated with levels of FC variability. Specifically, stronger coupling between moment-to-moment FC variability and concrete environmental features predicted poorer fluid intelligence and greater affectively driven environmental vigilance. Complementarily, across the adult lifespan, higher fluid (but not crystallised) intelligence was related to stronger expression of the network communication profile underlying momentary and event boundary-based FC variability during youth. Our results indicate that the adaptiveness of dynamic FC reconfiguration during naturalistic information processing changes across the lifespan due to the associated network communication profiles. Moreover, our findings on brain-environment alignment complement the existing literature on the beneficial consequences of modulating brain signal variability in response to environmental complexity. Specifically, they imply that coupling between moment-to-moment FC variability and concrete environmental features may index a bias towards perceptually-bound, rather than conceptual processing, which hinders affective functioning and strategic cognitive engagement with the external environment.
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- 2021
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50. Race, ethnicity, community-level socioeconomic factors, and risk of COVID-19 in the United States and the United Kingdom
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Chun-Han Lo, Long H. Nguyen, David A. Drew, Erica T. Warner, Amit D. Joshi, Mark S. Graham, Adjoa Anyane-Yeboa, Fatma M. Shebl, Christina M. Astley, Jane C. Figueiredo, Chuan-Guo Guo, Wenjie Ma, Raaj S. Mehta, Sohee Kwon, Mingyang Song, Richard Davies, Joan Capdevila, Carole H. Sudre, Jonathan Wolf, Yvette C. Cozier, Lynn Rosenberg, Lynne R. Wilkens, Christopher A. Haiman, Loïc Le Marchand, Julie R. Palmer, Tim D. Spector, Sebastien Ourselin, Claire J. Steves, and Andrew T. Chan
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COVID-19 ,Race ,Ethnicity ,Socioeconomic factor ,Epidemiology ,Inequity ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background: There is limited prior investigation of the combined influence of personal and community-level socioeconomic factors on racial/ethnic disparities in individual risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis nested within a prospective cohort of 2,102,364 participants from March 29, 2020 in the United States (US) and March 24, 2020 in the United Kingdom (UK) through December 02, 2020 via the COVID Symptom Study smartphone application. We examined the contribution of community-level deprivation using the Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI) and the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) to observe racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 incidence. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT04331509. Findings: Compared with non-Hispanic White participants, the risk for a positive COVID-19 test was increased in the US for non-Hispanic Black (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–1.47) and Hispanic participants (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.33–1.52) and in the UK for Black (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.02–1.34), South Asian (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.30–1.49), and Middle Eastern participants (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.18–1.61). This elevated risk was associated with living in more deprived communities according to the NDI/IMD. After accounting for downstream mediators of COVID-19 risk, community-level deprivation still mediated 16.6% and 7.7% of the excess risk in Black compared to White participants in the US and the UK, respectively. Interpretation: Our results illustrate the critical role of social determinants of health in the disproportionate COVID-19 risk experienced by racial and ethnic minorities. Funding: Please refer to the Funding section at the end of the article.
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- 2021
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