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In the northeastern United States, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) is a leading species in the forest products industry. The native pathogen Caliciopsis pinea Peck is associated with Caliciopsis canker of white pine, with symptoms including excessive resin production and cankers. This study processed 28.0 m3 of white pine lumber to (i) quantify losses resulting from Caliciopsis canker, (ii) assess how damage varies between Caliciopsis canker symptom severity and thinning, and (iii) quantify economic loss resulting from damage. Caliciopsis canker damage was present in 37% of lumber, yet only 10% was downgraded due to canker damage. Of the downgraded lumber, the vast majority (77%) lost one grade. Additionally, severely symptomatic trees consistently had more damage, and their lumber was more likely to be downgraded than trees with low symptom severity. Caliciopsis canker damage resulted in average revenue losses of 2.3%, yet much of the sampled lumber had other, more significant damage that resulted in downgrade: highly symptomatic trees averaged 63% of the revenue of low or asymptomatic trees. Caliciopsis canker, therefore, can be used as an indicator of poor quality trees. We recommend thinning Caliciopsis canker symptomatic trees to meet low-density stocking guidelines, which may minimize revenue loss while simultaneously minimizing stress to residual stock. Key words: eastern white pine, Caliciopsis canker, Caliciopsis pinea, forest products, value loss, forest pathogens. Dans le nord-est des Etats-Unis, le pin blanc (Pinus strobus L.) est une espece tres importante pour l'industrie des produits forestiers. Le champignon pathogene indigene Caliciopsis pinea Peck est responsable du chancre caliciopsien du pin blanc dont les symptomes incluent la production excessive de resine et la formation de chancres. Dans cette etude, 28,0 m3 de bois d'reuvre de pin a ete examine pour (i) quantifier les pertes causees par le chancre caliciopsien, (ii) evaluer de quelle facon les dommages varient selon la severite des symptomes et l'eclaircie, et (iii) quantifier la perte economique resultant des dommages. Des dommages causes par le chancre caliciopsien etaient presents sur 37 % du bois mais seulement 10 % du bois a ete declasse a cause de ces dommages. Parmi le bois declasse, la vaste majorite (77 %) a perdu un grade. En outre, les arbres avec des symptomes severes avaient constamment plus de dommages et leur bois avait plus de chance d'etre declasse que les arbres avec des symptomes moins severes. Les dommages causes par le chancre caliciopsien se traduisait par des pertes moyennes de revenus de 2,3 %. Par contre, la plupart du bois echantillonne avait d'autres dommages plus importants entrainant un declassement: les arbres tres symptomatiques representaient en moyenne 63 % du revenu des arbres qui avaient peu ou pas de symptomes. Par consequent, le chancre caliciopsien peut etre utilise comme indicateur de tiges de mauvaise qualite. Nous recommandons l'eclaircie pour eliminer les arbres qui montrent des symptomes du chancre caliciopsien afin de respecter les recommandations qui pronent une faible densite relative, ce qui peut minimiser les pertes de revenus tout en minimisant par le fait meme le stress chez les tiges residuelles. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: pin blanc, chancre caliciopsien, Caliciopsis pinea, produits forestiers, perte de valeur, pathogenes forestiers., Introduction Forest pests and pathogens are a leading cause of damage and value loss in North American forests (Ayres and Lombardero 2000; Dale et al. 2001; Flower and Gonzalez-Meler 2015). [...]

Underground concrete vaults have been and are planned to be used to store contaminated materials, such as hazardous materials and radioactive waste, over long periods of time. To protect humans from exposure to the contamination, the key to this long-term storage is immobilization achieved through designing concrete vaults with enhanced hydraulic performance. This paper evaluates concrete vault design parameters including properties of soil layers surrounding the vault, vault size, slope of the vault roof, and the amount of concrete degradation under various infiltration rates. A numerical model that estimates the flow of water through the vault is used as the computer simulation tool. Conclusions from the modeling simulations are that clay layers, including sand and loam layers forming a capillary barrier and placed adjacent to the vault concrete, were found to have a better hydraulic performance. Smaller vault sizes result in lower seepage through the vault and suggest a scale effect. Roof slope has a relatively small influence on hydraulic performance. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2006) 132:10(1346) CE Database subject headings: Performance characteristics: Design criteria; Concrete: Underground storage; Waste storage; Waste disposal; Hazardous wastes; Mixed wastes: Radioactive wastes.

A field study assessed disturbance by office noise in relation to environmental satisfaction, job satisfaction, and job performance ratings among 2,391 employees at 58 sites before and/or after office renovation. In all, 54% said they were bothered often by noise, especially by people talking and telephones ringing. Disturbance by noise correlated with dissatisfaction with the environment and job but not with self- or supervisor-rated performance. Quasi-experimental analysis of groups reporting increased, decreased, or unchanged disturbance by noise revealed a drop in satisfaction concurrent with increasing noise. Disturbance by office noise may reflect a variety of environmental and job characteristics and may have a role in job satisfaction through both environmental satisfaction and job characteristics. Implications are discussed.

This review synthesizes the findings of 17 independent studies dealing with the prevalence of elder care responsibilities among the work force population. Across study, summative findings were: (a) approximately one fifth (M = 21.1%) to one quarter (Md = 23.1%) of employees provide care for an elderly dependent; primary study findings varied by a factor of nearly 25, ranging from a high estimate of 46.0% to a low of 1.9%; (b) the average response rate was fairly low (M = 45.0% and Md = 41.1%), indicating that the studies captured only slightly more than one third, but less than half of all eligible in-sample assignments; (c) the correlation of prevalence and response rates was found to be r = 0.69,p

This study examined the quality of life of women and men in two types of dual-career families. Individuals from 90 commuting and 133 single-residence dual-career couples were compared on measures of satisfaction and stress. Commuters were more satisfied with their work life and with the time they had for themselves, and were more dissatisfied with family life, with their partner relationships, and with life as a whole. Commuters did not report experiencing a more stressful lifestyle than did single-residence dual-career respondents, and commuters reported significantly less overload. There were no significant interactions of gender with dual-career family type on measures of either satisfaction or stress. Among commuters, there were no significant differences in self-reported satisfaction or stress between those who traveled and those who stayed at the primary residence, and there were no Commuter Role (traveler vs. nontraveler) x Gender interactions. We concluded that the commuting lifestyle can have both rewards and costs, and that in some ways single-residence dual-career lifestyle may be more stressful and dissatisfying.

Two 2 X 2 (Fact Importance X Facet Amount) factorial experiments tested Locke's (1969, 1976) hypothesis that facet importance moderates the range of affective reactions. Written excerpts from letters, interview transcripts, and employee handbooks were used to create scenarios which manipulated the importance and current amount of two target job facets: freedom to do things one's own way on the job, and amount of face-to-face contact with customers/clients. As predicted, significant Facet Importance X Facet Amount interactions showed that facet satisfaction was influenced more strongly by differences in facet amount when the facet was high in importance than when it was low in importance. Subjects in the high-importance condition, relative to subjects in the low-importance condition, were more satisfied with high facet amounts and more dissatisfied with low facet amounts. Discussion focused on the convergence of results from research using different methods to test the range of affect hypothesis.

Two hypotheses concerning the moderating effects of facet importance were derived from Locke's (1969, 1976) theory of job satisfaction. Questionnaire data concerning 12 job facets were collected from 97 working college students holding diverse jobs in different organizations. Moderated regression analyses of facet satisfaction showed facet importance to be a significant moderator for 9 of the 12 job facets. As hypothesized, the relationship between facet amount and facet satisfaction was generally stronger among respondents placing high importance on the job facet than among respondents placing low importance on it. Moderated regression analyses of overall job satisfaction showed facet importance to be a nonsignificant moderator for 11 job facets. As hypothesized, the relationship between facet satisfaction and overall job satisfaction generally did not change significantly as a function of facet importance. Discussion is focused on the need to recognize when facet importance plays a moderator role and when it does not. Also discussed is the relative usefulness of seven self-report procedures for measuring facet importance. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

In this study, a mail survey was used to measure pay satisfaction, current salary, 4 personal standards of comparison, and basic demographics for 169 mental health professionals. As predicted, pay satisfaction was determined by the simultaneous appraisal of current salary against several personal standards of comparison. Explained variance in pay satisfaction rose from 26.1% when only salary and demographics were used as predictors to 46.5% when discrepancy-related variables associated with 4 standards of comparison also were used. Furthermore, R squared for the combined discrepancy-related variables associated with all 4 standards of comparison was significantly greater than R squared for the discrepancy-related variables associated with any single standard. These discrepancy effects took both additive and nonadditive forms. Discrepancy effects were stronger when deserved salary or minimum salary was the standard of comparison than when other's salary or average salary was. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Describes a "valence instrumentality expectancy" (VIE) questionnaire designed to measure university students' motivation to perform in an organizational psychology class. By focusing on classroom motivation, the questionnaire gives students a relevant and concrete experience with the various concepts of VIE theory. (Author/KC)

The article presents a study pertaining to the attitudes of male cadets toward their female leaders. The study utilized the Army Research Institute's attitudes toward women in the military scale (ARIAWS). The subjects were U.S. Military Academy cadets in leader and trainee roles at Cadet Basic Training and Cadet Field Training. The study results were compared with the results from a similar study conducted at West Point. Researchers discovered that male cadet attitudes about their female leaders were favorably influenced by the leader's performance, negating the negative sex-role stereotypes.

On the basis of discrepancy theories of satisfaction, it was hypothesized that satisfaction with specific job facets is uniquely related to discrepancies between current job facet experiences and desired levels of those same job facet experiences (i.e., between what employees now get from their jobs and what they want from their jobs). Seventy-eight employed college students provided questionnaire data to test this hypothesis for each of 13 separate job facets (e.g, hourly pay, customer/client contact, promotion opportunities). Results based on 2 methods of operationalizing the discrepancy concept generally supported the unique predictive capacity hypothesis. A second sample of 47 master's of business administration students provided similar results. Discussion focused on the value of the discrepancy concept in efforts to predict and explain satisfaction. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)