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Funding Information: Luis Marques is acknowledged for his help with the images and Ana Catarina Fialho for her assistance in the field collection. The authors are grateful to the technical imaging support of Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon's Microscopy Facility which is a node of the Portuguese Platform of BioImaging, reference PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122 , and to FCT/MCTES for financial support to CESAM ( UIDP/50017/2020 + UIDB/50017/2020 + LA/P/0094/2020 ), to CIISA by Project UIDB/00276/2020 , to GHTM ( UID/04413/2020 ) and CE3C ( UIBD/00329/2020 ). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Elsevier B.V. Blowflies have forensic, sanitary and veterinary importance, as well as being pollinators, parasitoids and ecological bioindicators. There is still little work with real data and from experiments assessing the relationship between blowflies’ morphologic features and environmental and demographic factors. The present work tests whether the variation, in the shape and size, of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) wings is influenced by the following factors: 1) time; 2) temperature; 3) sex and; 4) different types of carcasses (pig, dog/cat and whale). Male and female wings from four different sites collected in six different years were used to obtain wing size and shape of C. albiceps. Analyses between wing shape and the variables tested had low explanatory power, even though they had statistical support. However, it was possible to identify differences in wing shape between males and females, with good returns in sex identification. The comparison between wing size and the variables tested showed that wing size has a negative relationship with temperature, significant differences between sexes, slight variation over time and no influence by carcass types. Furthermore, wing size influenced wing shape. Understanding population-specific characteristics of C. albiceps provide important insights about how the species reacts under specific conditions. publishersversion published

Background: Returning home after an inpatient psychiatric admission is a difficult and complex process that requires individuals to reintegrate into their daily lives. This presents itself as a transitional challenge to overcome and that is, for this very reason, a focus that generates health care needs to which nursing must respond. Aim: To identify, examine and map the range of adult´s experiences in their return home after being discharged from an acute psychiatric care unit; to produce a summary of results of all relevant literature. Methods: Scoping review based on Arksey & O’Malley (2005) with research in 8 databases until March 17th 2018. Results: We have included 9 publications, pertaining to 8 studies, which show that participants’ experiences comprehend: dealing with an unsteady emotional path; living with a lurking mental illness; readjusting to everyday life; dealing with recurring difficult contingences; facing social stigma and discrimination; valuing meaningful relationships; being supported by health services, medication compliance, managing hospitalization effects on identity, and finally an awakening recovery. Conclusions: The experiences of this particular return home are very complex and idiosyncratic, establishing discharge as a process that involves more than the formal moment of leaving the hospital. The need for a transitional structured care, where mental health nurses can have a relevant role in assisting these individuals is evident. Limited literature was found, and more research has to be developed in order to better comprehend returning home after psychiatric admission, with an emphasis on research in non-English speaking countries, on the transition after a first admission, and on the transition for age or diagnosis specific groups.

Mini-FLOTAC is emerging as a more sensitive and accurate tool to identify gastrointestinal parasites in faecal samples from domestic animals, in comparison with the McMaster method. However, research regarding its specific application in poultry samples, particularly from free-range chickens, is scarce. The current research aimed to test the use of Mini-FLOTAC for the identification of Eimeria spp. in free-range chickens and compare its results with McMaster. For this study, 40 faecal samples were collected from free-range chickens in a poultry farm located in North-Western Lisbon (Portugal). Each sample was processed with McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC techniques for the detection and count of coccidian Eimeria spp. oocysts. The resulting OPG (oocysts per gram of faeces) data obtained by the two techniques were compared using the Wilcoxon Test and correlated with the Spearman Test, and Mini-FLOTAC’s relative sensitivity was assessed, using a significance level of p

In free-range broiler production, animals are highly exposed to gastrointestinal parasitism, namely by coccidia, due to their long contact with the outdoor environment. Also, the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in extensive poultry production, is frequently influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. The current national pioneer long-term survey aimed to assess the prevalence and faecal shedding of Eimeria spp. oocysts in a traditional Portuguese free-range broiler farm, on different production conditions. Between July 2018 and March 2019, a total of 350 faecal samples were collected from different groups of free-range broilers at the fattening phase, in a poultry farm located in North-western Lisbon district, Portugal. Quantitative and qualitative coprological techniques were performed, aiming to quantify the Eimeria spp. prevalence and faecal shedding level. Coccidia prevalence was higher in Summer and Autumn groups (72% and 80%, respectively), although faecal shedding levels were higher in the Autumn and Winter groups (1191 and 1562 Oocysts Per Gram, OPG). Animals showed clinical signs of coccidiosis during the survey, especially in Autumn’s 1st sampling, in which 42% of the faecal samples had blood. The lack of sanitary depopulations, length of the fattening phase (1 month), short pre-patent period of coccidia, exposure to different environmental conditions and irregular drug treatments with amprolium, were key factors responsible for the different parasitic scenarios observed during this survey. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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This article questions the scientific model of porn studies following Kuhn’s epistemological work. Can porn studies be thought of as a pornology; that is, an organized and coherent scientific disci...

AFPEN : Association Francaise des Psychologues de l'Education Nationale.; International audience

Agradecimentos: This work was funded by Coordenac¸~ao de Aperfeic¸oamento de Pessoal de N ivel Superior (CAPES) (Edital Ci^ encias Forenses no. 25/2014, Process 23038.006839 / 2014-33), International postdoc fellowship (CAPES 0092/ 17-7) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient ifico e Tecnologico (CNPq). Financial support was also provided by CESAM (UID/ AMB/50017 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007638), and by FCT/MCTES through national funds (PIDDAC). Co-funding was provided by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020 Abstract: The Sarcophagidae family of fresh flies bears strong importance in the context of forensic entomology due to their application in the estimation of the Post Mortem Interval (PMI). Sarcophaga is the major genus in the Sarcophagidae family and includes cosmopolitan species, which are distributed worldwide. In this communication, we present the analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of two species from Portugal – S. melanura and S. dux – and one from Brazil – S. ruficornis. The mtDNA of these species range from 14,882?bp to 15,190?bp and have 22 tRNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), and two rRNAs distributed along both strands. Our data include the first record of complete Sarcophaga mtDNA sequences from species collected in Portugal and in Brazil. These genomes represent an advance in the understanding about this group, expand the database, and can be used for the development of new markers for species identification COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPES CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ Aberto

Trabalho desenvolvido no laboratório de Micologia do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge. Dissertação de mestrado em Biologia Humana e Ambiente, apresentado à Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, 2019. O género Aspergillus é composto por centenas de espécies de fungos ubíquos que são agentes patogénicos oportunistas do ser humano, particularmente dos indivíduos imunocomprometidos e/ou com danos estruturais nos pulmões resultado de patologias prévias como tuberculose pulmonar. Aspergilose é o nome dado ao espetro de patologias causadas por Aspergillus e que se estendem desde a reação hipersensível do hospedeiro aos fungos até à infeção invasiva cuja taxa de letalidade é elevada. O tratamento destas patologias depende essencialmente dos antifúngicos da classe dos azóis, contudo a emergência de resistência por A. fumigatus sensu stricto assim como a resistência intrínseca das espécies crípticas pode comprometer esta terapêutica. O diagnóstico de aspergilose está dependente da deteção laboratorial direta e/ou indireta de Aspergillus nas amostras biológicas dos pacientes através das técnicas culturais e imunoenzimáticas, mas a sensibilidade e a especificidade destas técnicas varia amplamente. Posto isto, este trabalho foi realizado com os seguintes objetivos: (i) a vigilância de Aspergillus em pacientes com sintomas de patologia respiratória fúngica, nomeadamente em grupos de risco de aspergilose pulmonar crónica (VIH positivo e tuberculose pulmonar ativa ou prévia) e (ii) a otimização da deteção molecular de Aspergillus e/ou de outros fungos potencialmente patogénicos através de PCR multiplex em tempo real com o kit AsperGenius® e de técnicas de next generation sequencing, respetivamente. No âmbito do estudo da epidemiologia de aspergilose em doentes com suspeita de infeção fúngica do trato respiratório foram analisadas retrospetivamente as amostras respiratórias de 146 pacientes que se encontravam conservadas no Laboratório Nacional de Referência de Infeções Parasitárias e Fúngicas. Cinquenta e sete destes pacientes (39,0%) foram positivos para Aspergillus através das técnicas cultural, imunoenzimática e molecular. Cinquenta e oito colónias de Aspergillus foram isoladas e identificadas através de sequenciação dos genes para a calmodulina ou a β-tubulina e por PCR em tempo real. Detetaram-se 6 secções de Aspergillus distintas, sendo a mais frequente a Nigri (42,1%) seguida de Fumigati (33,3%) e de Flavi (8,6%). Quanto às espécies, as mais frequentemente identificadas foram A. niger sensu stricto (33,9%) seguida de A. fumigatus sensu stricto (32,1%). Identificaram-se também 9 espécies crípticas cuja frequência foi 21,4%. Paralelamente ao estudo epidemiológico indicado, analisou-se o perfil de suscetibilidade aos azóis de Aspergillus da secção Fumigati que haviam sido isolados de produtos respiratórios e conservados em coleção de culturas no âmbito do programa de Vigilância em Aspergillus. Os isolados identificados como Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto (n=45), A. lentulus (n=4), A. udagawae (n=2) e A. pseudofelis (n=1) foram inoculados em meios de screening com voriconazol, itraconazol e posaconazol e o seu crescimento foi caracterizado. Os resultados foram corroborados pelas técnicas de E-test e através de PCR multiplex em tempo real para deteção de mutações no gene Cyp51A. Nenhum isolado de A. fumigatus sensu stricto revelou resistência aos azóis, mas foi detetada menor suscetibilidade ao voriconazol num isolado da espécie A. udagawae e ao voriconazol (CMI = 1 μg/ml) e ao itraconazol (CMI = 2 μg/ml) em A. pseudofelis. Com o objetivo de comparar os resultados obtidos por técnicas convencionais com os das técnicas moleculares, o DNA extraído do sobrenadante de 44 amostras respiratórias que haviam sido previamente analisadas através de ELISA para deteção de galactomanano e/ou pela técnica cultural foi sujeito ao PCR multiplex em tempo real com o kit AsperGenius® e compararam-se os resultados obtidos pelas várias técnicas. Verificou-se que o PCR multiplex em tempo real permitiu obter uma taxa de positividade superior à das técnicas convencionais de diagnóstico de aspergilose, particularmente nos pacientes em risco de desenvolver aspergilose pulmonar crónica (VIH positivo e tuberculose pulmonar ativa ou prévia). Procedeu-se também à otimização da amplificação e vii sequenciação por técnicas de next generation sequencing da região ITS e do gene calmodulina do DNA extraído de amostras respiratórias. Este estudo piloto de análise metagenómica permitiu detetar os fungos Pneumocystis e Cryptococcus mo micobioma dos pacientes VIH positivo que frequentemente desenvolvem pneumocistose e criptococose. Detetaram-se também outros fungos potencialmente patogénicos nomeadamente dos géneros Aspergillus, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces e Schizophyllum. Conclui-se assim que a distribuição de Aspergillus é complexa e diversa e que a resistência aos azóis não aparenta ser um problema nas estirpes analisadas, contudo a monitorização contínua é fundamental. Essa monitorização deve incluir não só as técnicas de determinação do perfil de suscetibilidade in vitro aos antifúngicos como a identificação molecular das espécies, particularmente devido à elevada frequência com que as espécies crípticas foram detetadas neste trabalho assim como a resistência intrínseca aos antifúngicos que algumas delas apresentaram. Conclui-se também que as técnicas moleculares têm uma grande capacidade de detetar rápida e eficazmente fungos potencialmente patogénicos nas amostras biológicas humanas pelo que esforços para a sua otimização, padronização e validação clínica devem ser realizados no futuro. The genus Aspergillus comprises hundreds of fungal species which are ubiquitous and opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised patients and/or individuals whose lungs are structurally damaged due to previous pathologies such as pulmonary tuberculosis. Aspergillosis is the name given to the spectrum of diseases caused by Aspergillus which ranges from a hypersensitive reaction to the fungi by the hosts’ organism to a highly deadly invasive infection. The treatment of aspergillosis depends on azoles, however the emergence of acquired resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto as well as the intrinsic resistance of the cryptic species may compromise the use of this therapy. The diagnosis of aspergillosis depends on the direct and/or indirect detection of Aspergillus in biological samples trough culture or immunoenzimatic techniques, but the sensitivity and the specificity of these methodologies varies widely. Thus, this work had the following objectives: (i) the surveillance of Aspergillus in patients with symptoms of a potential fungal infection of the respiratory tract, namely those in higher risk of developing chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (HIV positive and previous or active pulmonary tuberculosis) and (ii) the optimization of the detection of Aspergillus and/or other potentially pathogenic fungi trough real-time multiplex PCR with the AsperGenius® commercial kit and with next generation sequencing techniques, respectively. In order to determine the epidemiology of Aspergillus in patients with suspicion of fungal infection of the respiratory tract, the respiratory samples of 146 patients which were conserved in the National Reference Laboratory of Parasitic and Fungal Infections were retrospectively analysed. Fifty-seven of these patients (39.0%) were positive for Aspergillus by culture, immunoenzimatic and molecular techniques. Fifty-eight colonies of Aspergillus were isolated and identified by sequencing of the calmodulin and β-tubulin genes. Six Aspergillus sections were detected and the most frequent were the Nigri section (42.1%) followed by the Fumigati (33.3%) and the Flavi sections (8.6%). Regarding the species, the most identified were A. niger sensu stricto (33.9%) followed by A. fumigatus sensu stricto (32.1%). Nine cryptic species were also identified which frequency was 21.4%. In parallel to the referred epidemiological study, we described the susceptibility profile of Aspergillus of the Fumigati section which had been isolated from respiratory samples and conserved in a culture collection in the scope of the program on Aspergillus surveillance. The isolates identified as Aspergillus fumigatus sensu stricto (n=45), A. lentulus (n=4), A. udagawae (n=2) and A. pseudofelis (n=1) were inoculated into screening media supplemented with voriconazole, itraconazole and posaconazole and their growth was characterized. The results were corroborated by E-test and by real-time multiplex PCR for the detection of mutations in the Cyp51A gene. None of the A. fumigatus sensu stricto isolates tested were resistant to azoles, but a decrease in susceptibility to voriconazole was shown in an A. udagawae strain and to voriconazole (MIC =1 μg/ml) and itraconazole (MIC = 2 μg/ml) in an A. pseudofelis strain. In order to compare the results obtained by the conventional and by the molecular techniques, the DNA extracted from the supernatant of 44 respiratory samples that had been previously analysed by ELISA for the detection of galactomannan and/or by cultural techniques was amplified by realtime multiplex PCR with the AsperGenius® kit and the results obtained by these different methodologies were compared. The real-time PCR was found to have a higher positivity rate than the conventional techniques used for the diagnosis of aspergillosis, particularly in the group of patients who have a higher risk of developing chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (HIV positive and active or previous pulmonary tuberculosis). We also optimized the amplification and sequencing by next generation techniques of the ITS region and the calmodulin gene of the DNA extracted from respiratory samples. This pilot study of metagenomic analysis allowed the detection of Pneumocystis and Cryptococcus in the mycobiome of HIV positive patients who frequently develop pneumocystosis and cryptococcosis. Other potentially pathogenic fungi such as Aspergillus, Trichosporon, Saccharomyces and Schizophyllum were also detected. In conclusion, the distribution of Aspergillus is complex and diverse and resistance to azoles is not a problem found in the tested isolates, but a continuous monitorization is essential. Monitoring should include not only the determination of the in vitro susceptibility profile but also the molecular identification of the species, particularly due to the high frequency in which cryptic species were detected in this work as well as the intrinsic resistance to antifungal drugs that characterizes some of them. We also conclude that molecular techniques have a great ability to detect potentially pathogenic fungi in human biological samples rapidly and efficiently. Efforts towards the optimization, standardization and clinical validation should be carried out in the future. N/A

The mosquito Aedes albopictus is here reported for the first time in Portugal, from the south of the country, at least 240km west of the nearest known observation in Spain. A population of more than fifty specimens was spotted within a suburban garden over seven days of survey. As an important vector of Human affecting zoonoses such as dengue, chikungunya and yellow-fever, the presence of this mosquito in Portugal now enhances the outbreak chances for such diseases.