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Soil moisture (q) is a key variable for agriculture, however a gap remains in observations at intermediate scales, the cosmic-ray neutron sensor (CRNS) is a novel tool for such applications. We designed an experiment using a CRNS and time domain reflectometry (TDR at vegetated and bare soil sites) to measure q in the Yaqui Valley, where wheat (Triticum spp) is the main crop and water is managed by flooded irrigation. We used a drydown analysis of the daily rate at which q is lost (qdecay) after every irrigation, and the amount of q that represents 1/3 of the remaining q as soil dries (qthreshold). Statistical analysis included multivariate correlations (Spearman) and a principal components analysis (PCA) using q , meteorological variables, and vegetation greenness. With TDR’s we observed differences in qdecay, it was higher at the vegetation site qdecay= 0.53 cm3/cm3 /day, while qthreshold was higher at bare soil site 0.33 cm3/cm3. The qdecay observed with the CRNS was higher for the 2nd and 3rd irrigation (0.7 cm3/cm3 /day and 0.16 cm3/cm3 /day, respectively). After each irrigation, the meteorological variables correlated with q varied, highlighting air temperature (Tair, r=-0.7) in the 1st irrigation, evapotranspiration (ET, r>0.5) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD, r=0.6, r=-0.8) for the 2nd and 3rd irrigation, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, r=0.8) for the 3rd irrigation. The variation explained by PC1 and PC2 increases with each irrigation event, relevant variables in PCA where q, Tair, VPD, NDVI, and precipitation. The results of this study suggest that CRNS is a suitable technique at field scale and that drydown curves are useful to quantify soil dryness and the influence of meteorological variables and crop development, thus providing an opportunity for water management in agriculture.

Nematocarcinus agassizii Faxon, 1893 Figures 1, 2 A, 3, 4A, 5 A���C Nematocarcinus agassizii Faxon, 1893: 204; 1895: 158, pl. 42; Del Solar 1972: 9; 1987: 79, fig. 7; M��ndez 1981: 76, pl. XXXIV, figs. 255���257; Wicksten 1989: 312; 1991: 154; Burukovsky, 2001: 1432, fig. 3. V��lez et al. 1992: 7, textfig. 5; Wicksten & Hendrickx 1992: 7 (list); 2003: 59 (list); Hendrickx 1993: 307 (table); 1995: 454 (key), fig. 1, 455, textfig.; 1996: 946; 2005: 163; Kameya et al. 1997: 20; 1998: 89 (list); Moscoso 2012: 42. Nematocarcinus gracilipes. Cardoso & Burukovsky 2014: 440 (part; records from the eastern Pacific). Characteristics. Rostrum distinctly longer than carapace in males (1.06 times CL; n = 10), shorter in females (0.86 CL; n = 10), elongate, almost horizontal from its base to 2 / 5 of its length, remaining portion without dorsal teeth and gently curved upwards, ending in a sharp point, numerous closely set teeth (23���32) (up to 38 in material examined; n= 10) on the dorsal margin in proximal 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of its length; 3���4 ventral teeth in the distal half. Flagella of both antennas long, that of antennule almost twice the antennal flagellum length and more than twice the length of the whole body. Antennal scale with lamella distally truncated. Spines on pereiopods 1���5 as follows: first pereiopod, ischium 2, merus 1; second, ischium 2, merus 1; third, ischium 1, merus 5 + 7; fourth, ischium 1, merus 4 + 4; fifth, ischium 1, merus 3 + 5. Carpus of all pereiopods without spine. Pereiopods 3���5 greatly elongate, of about the same length, carpus of these legs 5���7 length of propodus, combined length of ischium, merus and carpus about 4 times as long as carapace length. Third pleomere with posterodorsal margin of tergum somewhat extended over fourth pleomere, tip of margin rounded. Pleura of fifth pleomere without bump on inner sides, ending in a sharp spine curved slightly downward. Spots of ventral organ of sixth pleomere small, hardly discernible, kidney-shaped, slightly narrowing forward, 2���2.5 times as long as wide, distance between the spots about 2.1 times spots width (n = 10); setal pits arrange in single line on each side, nearly parallel. Length of telson barely exceeding length of sixth pleomere in females (telson/ 6 th pleomere ratio, 1.05; n = 10), proportionally longer in males (telson/ 6 th pleomere ratio, 1.21; n = 10), armed with 7 pairs of dorsolateral spines, and 3 pairs of spines on posterior tip (modified and completed from Burukovsky 2003, 2013) (Figures 1, 2 A, 3, 4A, 5 A���C). Colour. Crimson red (Figure 2 A). Material examined. TALUD XV, St. 1 (23 �� 18 ��� 40 ���N; 111 �� 19 ��� 37 ��� W), Ago 4, 2012, 10 M (CL 21.51���25.42 mm), 4 F (CL 20.49���24.74 mm), 26 OF (CL 23.32���31.21 mm), BS, 750���850 m (ICML-EMU-10773, 10787); St. 24 (27 ��05��� 42 ���N; 114 �� 35 ��� 30 ���W), Ago 1, 2012, 34 M (CL 18.36���27.04 mm), 4 F (CL 20.48���25.39 mm), BS, 772��� 786 m (ICML-EMU- 10774); TALUD XVI���B, St. 5 (28 �� 48 ���N; 115 �� 24 ���06���W), May 24, 2014, 16 M (CL 13.59��� 27.89 mm), 35 F (CL 13.59���29.61 mm), 17 OF (CL 27.23���30.22 mm), BS, 772���776 m (ICML-EMU-10775, 10788); St. 7 (20 �� 21 ��� 12 ���N; 115 �� 39 ���08���W), May 31, 2014, 2 M (CL 14.28���14.95 mm), 4 F (CL 13.75���16.38 mm), 1 OF (CL 28.56 mm), BS, 750 ��� 710 m (ICML-EMU- 10776); St. 10 (29 ��07��� 50 ���N; 116 �� 15 ��� 30 ���W), May 30, 2014, 2 M (CL 12.03���21.34 mm), 4 F (CL 20.79���28.96 mm), 4 OF (CL 29.03���31.90 mm), BS, 860���910 m (ICML-EMU- 10777, 10789); St. 23 (30 �� 56 ��� 24 ���N; 116 �� 40 ��� 45 ���W), May 27, 2014, 1 M (CL 23.48 mm), 1 F (CL 21.10 mm), BS, 1296���1340 m (ICML-EMU- 10778). Additional material examined. Lectotype USNM 291472 (ex 21233). R/V "Albatross" St. 3358, Coiba Island, Panama, February 24, 1891. Paralectotypes: 1 ovigerous female, CL 29.4 mm, USNM 21233, and 2 ovigerous female, CL 30.1 and 34.5 mm, USNM 21152. Geographical distribution. From off Ahome, Sinaloa, Mexico, to Mancora Bank, Peru; Coco (del Coco) (Costa Rica), Malpelo (Colombia) and Gal��pagos (Ecuador) islands (Wicksten & Hendrickx 2003). Based on the material examined, the distribution of N. agassizii extends to the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula (Figure 6). The Scripps Institution of Oceanography invertebrates collection contains one lot of Nematocarcinus agassizii (Id. M.K. Wicksten) (C- 10435) captured by the R/V "New Horizon" (ROSA cruise, March 24, 1993) in 503���795 m depth, at 30 �� 36.36 'N, 117 �� 12.14 'W. Remarks. While reviewing species of Nematocarcinus collected in the southwestern Atlantic, Cardoso & Burukovsky (2014) compared material of N. gracilipes Fihol, 1884 with that of N. agassizii and came to the conclusion that the latter is a junior subjective synonym of the former. They pointed out that N. agassizii and N. gracilipes are very similar and the only two species within the genus featuring a distoventral organ of the sixth pleomere with non-plumose, spindle-shaped setae. In their account of N. gracilipes, Cardoso & Burukowsky (2014) noted: "Distoventral organ at sixth abdominal somite formed by two single parallel rows of setae that begins with long plumose setae and at the proximal third of sixth abdominal somite length turns to short spindle-shaped setae (not plumose) that extends to more than a half of spot length". The lectotype (USNM- 291472) and paralectotypes (USNM- 21233 and 21152) of N. agassizi were carefully examined during our study (Figures 3, 4 A, 5 A���C). None of the specimens examined has ventral splindle-shaped setae on the sixth pleomere as illustrated by Cardoso & Burukovsky (2014) for N. gracilipes, reproduced herein (Figure 4 B, C). Instead, all setae are long, slender, and those in the middle part of the somite are similar to those found on the distal and proximal section of the somite, although slightly different in length (Figures 3, 4 A, 5 A, B). Moreover, all the setae are plumose (Figures 4 A, 5 B), although in some cases many setules have been lost and setae might appears as non-plumose at first glance. In several cases, however, setules are clearly visible under high magnification (Figure 5 B). In addition to the slight differences observed in the structure of the distoventral organ between the two species (see Cardoso & Burukovsky, 2014), we believe that the clear difference of setae type (both in shape and in size) between N.agassizii and N. gracilipes is sufficient to reinstate N. agassizii as a valid species. In addition to the morphology, the disjunct distribution between the two remote populations would seem to suggest that they are specifically distinct. As in other closely resembling species with allopatric or almost allopatric distribution, a comparison of genetic material based on freshly collected material of both species is highly desirable to define how close they are and how they relate to other species within the genus. Despite of the numerous samples available, N. agassizii was not collected during the present survey within the Gulf of California and only N. faxoni was found in that area (see below). Therefore, any material from the Gulf of California available in collections and identified as N. agassizii should be carefully re-examined., Published as part of Hernandez-Payan, J. C. & Hendrickx, M. E., 2016, Two species of the deep-water shrimp genus Nematocarcinus A. Milne ��� Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Nematocarcinidae) from the Mexican Pacific, pp. 587-599 in Zootaxa 4126 (4) on pages 589-592, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4126.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/267779, {"references":["Faxon, W. (1893) Reports on the dredging operations off the west coast of Central America to the Galapagos, to the west coast of Mexico, and in the Gulf of California, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, carried on by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer \" Albatross \", during 1891, lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. VI. Preliminary descriptions of new species of Crustacea. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 24 (7), 149 - 220.","Del Solar, E. M. (1972) Addenda al catalogo de crustaceos del Peru. Boletin del Instituto del Mar del Peru, 38, 1 - 21.","Mendez, M. (1981) Claves de identificacion y distribucion de los langostinos y camarones (Crustacea: Decapoda) del mar y rios de la costa de Peru. Boletin Instituto del Mar de Peru, 5, 6 - 165.","Wicksten, M. K. (1989) Ranges of offshore decapod crustaceans in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 21 (19), 291 - 316. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24590","Burukovsky, R. N. (2001) Taxonomy of Nematocarcinus (Decapoda, Nematocarcinidae). Description of Nematocarcinus from waters of the American continent. Zooologicheskii Zhurnal, 80 (11), 1429 - 1443. [In Russian with English abstract]","Velez, J., Kameya, A., Yamashiro, C., Lostaunau, N. & Valiente, O. (1992) Investigacion del recurso potencial langostino rojo de profundidad a bordo del BIC \" Fridtjof Nansen \" (25 de abril - 25 de mayo, 1990). Informe del Instituto del Mar del Peru, C. E. E, 104, 3 - 24.","Wicksten, M. K. & Hendrickx, M. E. (1992) Checklist of Penaeoid and Caridean shrimps (Decapoda: Penaeoidea, Caridea) from the eastern tropical Pacific. Proceeding of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 9, 1 - 11.","Hendrickx, M. E. (1993) Crustaceos decapodos del Pacifico Mexicano. In: Salazar - Vallejo, S. I. & Gonzalez, N. E. (Eds.), Biodiversidad Marina y Costera de Mexico. Comision Nacional de Biodiversidad y CIQRO, Mexico, pp. 271 - 318.","Kameya, A., Castillo, R., Escudero, L., Tello, E., Blaskovic, V., Cordova, J., Hooker, Y., Gutierrez, M. & Mayor, S. (1997) Localizacion, distribucion y concentracion de langostinos rojos de profundidad Crucero BIC Humboldt 9607 - 08. 18 de julio a 0 6 de agosto de 1996. Publicacion Especial, Instituto del Mar de Peru, 1 - 47.","Moscoso, V. (2012) Catalogo de crustaceos decapodos y estomatopodos del Peru. Boletin Instituto del Mar del Peru, 27 (1 - 2), 1 - 208.","Cardoso, I. A. & Burukovsky, R. N. (2014) Nematocarcinus Milne Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Southwestern Atlantic, including the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge area. Zootaxa, 3887 (3), 437 - 458. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3887.4.3","Burukovsky, R. N. (2003) Shrimps of the family Nematocarcinidae. Kaliningrad State Technical University, Kaliningrad, 250 pp. [In Russian]","Burukovsky, R. N. (2013) Shrimps of the family Nematocarcinidae Smith, 1884 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) from Taiwan and the Philippines collected by the TAIWAN, PANGLAO 2005 and AURORA expeditions in the western Pacific. In: Ahyong, S. T., Chan, T. Y., Corbari, L. & Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Vol. 27. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 204, 155 - 189.","Wicksten, M. K. & Hendrickx, M. E. (2003) An updated checklist of benthic marine and brackish water shrimps (Decapoda: Penaoidea, Stenopodidea, Caridea) from the Eastern Tropical Pacific. In: Hendrickx, M. E. (Ed.), Contributions to the Study of East Pacific Crustaceans 2. [Contribuciones al Estudio de los Crustaceos del Pacifico Este 2] Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, UNAM, pp. 49 - 76.","Filhol, H. (1884) Explorations sous-marines. Voyage du \" Talisman \". La Nature, 12, 119 - 122, 134 - 138, 147 - 151, 161 - 164, 182 - 186, 198 - 202, 230 - 234, 278 - 282, 326 - 330, 391 - 394."]}

Nematocarcinus faxoni Burukovsky, 2001 Figures 2 B, 5 D, 7 Nematocarcinus ensifer. Faxon 1895: 156 ���157 (part); Crosnier & Forest 1973: 116 (part); Wicksten 1989: 312 (list); Wicksten & Hendrickx 1992: 7 (list); 2003: 59 (list); Hendrickx 1995: 454 (key), fig. 2. Nematocarcinus cf. ensifer. Hendrickx, 2001: 99, fig. 1, tables 3, 4. Nematocarcinus faxoni Burukovsky, 2001: 1429, figs. 1, 2; 2003: 92���95, fig. 25 a���g; 2004: 558 (key); 2012: 112���115, figs. 36, 37. Komai & Segonsac 2005: 361, fig. 11. Characteristics. Rostrum curving up into the shape of a sword, as long as 0.7 times of the length of the carapace, postrostral crest usually with 20���32 dorsal teeth, often between 25 and 27 widely separated teeth (23 to 30 teeth in material examined; n = 10); ventral teeth 0���5, usually 2���3. Spines on pereiopods 1���5 as follows: first pereiopod, ischium 4, merus 2; second, ischium 3, merus 6 + 1; third, ischium 1, merus 5 + 5; fourth, ischium 1, merus 3; fifth, ischium 0, merus 2. Carpus of all periopods without spines. Pereiopods 3���5 greatly elongate, of about the same length, carpus of these legs 7���8 length of propodus; combined length of ischium, merus and carpus about 3 times as long as carapace length. Dorsal posterior protrusion of the 3 rd pleomere moderately developed. Fifth pleomere with a low conspicuously elongated protrusion whose length is aimed at a very sharp angle to the front side of the pleura and crosses just above the tooth which is well developed; anteroventral margin of the pleura slightly recurved. Pleura of 5 th pleomere with an elongate protuberance on the inner side. Spots of the ventral organ of 6 th pleomere widely rounded, 1.5���2 times longer than wide, distance between these spots not exceeding the width of the spots; one row of setae on each side, rows aligned and nearly parallel to each other. Length of telson barely exceeding length of sixth pleomere in females (telson/ 6 th pleomere ratio, 1.05; n = 10), proportionally longer in males (telson/ 6 th pleomere ratio, 1.13; n = 10), armed with 6���9 pairs of spines on the dorsal margin, and 3 pairs of spines on posterior tip (adapted from Burukovsky 2003, 2013) (Figures 2 B, 5 D, 7). Color. Crimson red (Figure 2 B). Material examined. TALUD III, St. 14 -A (24 �� 38 ��� 48 ���N; 108 �� 26 ��� 54 ���W), Aug 19, 1991, 12 M (CL 13.05���18.88 mm), 25 F (CL 16.09���20.73 mm), 9 OF (CL 19.53���22.4 mm), AD, 1016���1020 m (ICML-EMU- 4038); St. 14 -B (24 �� 39 ��� 12 ���N; 108 �� 19 ��� 12 ���W), Aug 19, 1991, 1 M (CL 19.82 mm), 3 F (CL 19.22���24.7 mm), 1 OF (CL 24.31 mm), AD, 1188���1208 m (ICML-EMU- 4039); St. 24 (25 �� 33 ��� 36 ���N; 109 �� 42 ���01���W), Aug 21, 1991, 1 M (CL 19.87 mm), AD, 1043 m (ICML-EMU- 4040); St. 24 -B (25 �� 45 ��� 12 ���N; 109 �� 46 ��� 54 ���W), Aug 21, 1991, 6 M (CL 16.4���19.17 mm), 6 F (CL 13.52���19.28 mm), 2 OF (CL 20.4���21.21 mm), AD, 1027���1060 m (ICML-EMU- 4041). TALUD IV, St. 13 (23 �� 17 ��� 30 ���N; 107 �� 29 ��� 51 ���W), Aug 29, 2000, 3 M (CL 11.43���16.16 mm), 2 F (CL 15.92��� 17.5 mm), BS, 860 m (ICML-EMU- 6590); St. 26 (24 �� 56 ��� 24 ���N; 109 ��05��� 36 ���W), Aug 26, 2000, 1 M (CL 11.2 mm), 3 F (CL 11.53���13.78 mm), 1 OF (CL 22.36 mm) BS, 1200���1264 m (ICML-EMU- 6581 -A); St. 33 (25 �� 45 ��� 54 ���N; 109 �� 48 ���06���W), Aug 27, 2000, 2 M (CL 17.92���19.74 mm), BS, 1060���1080 m (ICML-EMU- 6588); St. 34 (25 �� 40 ��� 42 ���N; 109 �� 54 ��� 24 ���W), Aug 27, 2000, 1 M (CL 17.71 mm), BS, 1240 m (ICML-EMU- 6589). TALUD V, St. 12 (23 �� 18 ���00���N; 107 �� 26 ��� 59 ���W), Dec 14, 2000, 2 F (CL 21.2���21.56 mm), BS, 1160���1170 m (ICML-EMU- 6587); St. 26 (24 �� 56 ��� 18 ���N; 109 �� 11 ��� 48 ���W), Dec 16, 2000, 2 M (CL 15.48���20.58 mm), 1 F (CL 12.65 mm), BS, 1280���1310 m (ICML-EMU- 6581 -B). TALUD VI, St. 20 (24 �� 14 ��� 48 ���N; 108 �� 35 ��� 11 ���W), Mar 15, 2001, 1 OF (CL 26.76 mm), BS, 1250���1440 m (ICML-EMU- 6691); St. 34 (25 �� 43 ��� 50 ���N; 109 �� 53 ��� 59 ���W), Mar 17, 2001, 33 M (CL 14.35���24.93 mm), 27 F (CL 12.88 ���28.00 mm), 6 OF (CL 23.20���26.61 mm), BS, 1210���1270 m (ICML-EMU- 6576). TALUD VII, St. 4 (22 ��03��� 18 ���N; 106 �� 34 ��� 42 ���W), Jun 5, 2001, 1 OF (CL 21.63 mm), BS, 1200���1230 m (ICML- EMU- 6586); St. 12 (23 �� 18 ��� 18 ���N; 107 �� 26 ��� 48 ���W), Jun 6, 2001, 1 F (CL 24.61 mm), BS, 1040���1120 m (ICML- EMU- 6584); St. 13 -B (23 �� 30 ��� 18 ���N; 107 �� 44 ���00���W), Jun 6, 2001, 12 M (CL 15.31���21.05 mm), 6 F (CL 18.64���25.1 mm), 1 OF (CL 25.37 mm), BS, 1400���1450 m (ICML-EMU- 6580); St. 19 (24 �� 16 ��� 12 ���N; 108 �� 23 ��� 42 ���W), Jun 7, 2001, 19 M (CL 10.88���21.26 mm), 31 F (CL 9.05���23.26 mm), 1 OF (CL 24.63 mm), BS, 1160���1180 m (ICML- EMU-6696, 6577). TALUD VIII, St. 3 (24 �� 32 ��� 36 ���N; 109 �� 30 ��� 30 ���W), Apr, 16, 2005, 19 M (CL 9.04���22.86 mm), 30 F (CL 9.40��� 22.91 mm), 4 OF (CL 20.73���21.66 mm), BS, 1600 m (ICML-EMU- 10732 A, 10732 B); St. 10 (24 �� 58 ��� 12 ���N; 110 �� 16 ���06���W), 3 M (CL 18.66���21.80 mm), BS, 1500 m (ICML-EMU- 10733). TALUD IX, St. 10 (24 �� 56 ��� 24 ���N; 110 �� 16 ��� 42 ���W), Nov 12, 2005, 1 M (CL 16.26 mm), 3 F (CL 11.26���22.91 mm), BS, 969���1225 m (ICML-EMU- 10734); St. 21 ���B (26 ��04��� 42 ���N; 110 �� 34 ��� 48 ���W), Nov 14, 2005, 2 M (CL 13.51��� 14.97 mm), 3 F (CL 17.79���25.09 mm), 1 OF (CL 24.34 mm), BS, 1349���1369 m (ICML-EMU- 10735). TALUD X, St. 10 (27 �� 48 ��� 30 ���N; 112 �� 17 ��� 12 ���W), Feb 10, 2007, 2 M (CL 14.07���19.58 mm), BS, 1396���1422 m (ICML-EMU- 8095); St. 18 (27 ��09���06���N; 111 �� 46 ��� 54 ���W), Feb 12, 2007, 1 M (CL 19.72 mm), 1 F (CL 20.62 mm), BS, 1526 m (ICML-EMU- 10736 -A, 10736 -B); St. 21 (27 �� 14 ��� 31 ���N; 111 �� 14 ��� 39 ���W), Feb 13, 2007, 1 F (CL 25.00 mm), BS, 1864���1865 m (ICML-EMU- 10737); St. 22 (27 ��02��� 46 ���N; 110 �� 52 ��� 57 ���W), Feb 13, 2007, 8 M (CL 13.28��� 24.89 mm), 6 F (CL 14.93���27.18 mm), 5 OF (CL 21.46���26.27 mm), BS, 1575���1586 m (ICML-EMU- 10738); St. 29 (26 �� 35 ��� 36 ���N; 110 �� 35 ��� 44 ���W), Feb 15, 2007, 1 F (CL 17.1 15.07 mm), BS, 1383���1439 m (ICML-EMU- 10739); St. 30 (26 �� 36 ��� 50 ���N; 110 �� 21 ��� 10 ���W), Feb 15, 2007, 2 F (CL 14.00��� 20.96 mm), BS, 1203���1213 m (ICML-EMU- 10740). TALUD XII, St. 9 (17 �� 10 ��� 15 ���N; 101 �� 37 ��� 23 ���W), Mar 29, 2008, 3 M (CL 18.70���21.44 mm) 4 F (CL 20.72��� 27.42 mm), BS, 1392���1420 m (ICML-EMU- 10779); St. 10 (17 �� 11 ���03���N; 101 �� 28 ���05���W), Mar 28, 2008, 7 F (CL 13.32���27.62 mm), BS, 1180���1299 m (ICML-EMU- 10741); St. 13 (17 �� 45 ��� 16 ���N; 102 ��00��� 29 ���W), Mar 30, 2008, 5 M (CL 18.63���21.11 mm), 3 F (CL 17.34���17.35 20.75���25.43 mm), BS, 1199 ��� 1100 m (ICML-EMU- 10742); St. 23 (18 �� 33 ��� 43 ���N; 103 �� 57 ��� 45 ���W), Apr 1, 2008, 84 M (CL 11.46���21.97 mm), 279 F (CL 13.47���26.27 mm), 3 OF (CL 21.43���24.80 mm), BS, 1058���1088 m (ICML-EMU-10743, 10744, 10745); St. 24 (18 �� 28 ���00���N; 104 �� 14 ��� 10 ���W), Apr 1, 2008, 7 M (CL 13.95���22.2 mm), 4 F (CL 15.65���23.83 mm), 1 OF (CL 23.3 mm), BS, 1535���1542 m (ICML-EMU- 10746); St. 25 (18 �� 26 ��� 45 ���N; 104 �� 16 ��� 10 ���W), Apr 1, 2008, 2 M (CL 23.87���25.66 mm), 1 F (CL 18.95 mm), BS, 1858���1879 m (ICML-EMU- 10747); St. 27 (18 �� 40 ��� 28 ���N; 104 �� 35 ��� 51 ���W), Apr 2, 2008, 5 M (CL 14.00��� 16.93 mm), 10 F (CL 10.36���19.44 mm), BS, 1040���1095 m (ICML-EMU- 10748); St. 28 (18 �� 50 ��� 19 ���N; 104 �� 34 ��� 14 ���W), Apr 2, 2008, 23 M (CL 13.05���24.18 mm), 35 F (CL 9.31���24.88 mm), BS, 1101���1106 m (ICML- EMU- 10749); St. 29 (19 �� 19 ��� 37 ���N; 105 �� 26 ��� 20 ���W), Apr 2, 2008, 12 M (CL 13.28���23.97 mm), 17 F (CL 15.50��� 27.98 mm), 4 OF (CL 21.51���28.33 mm), BS, 1609���1643 m (ICML-EMU- 10750). TALUD XV, St. 1 (23 �� 18 ��� 40 ���N; 111 �� 19 ��� 37 ���W), Ago 4, 2012, 44 M (CL 12.52���21.48 mm), 66 F (CL 12.27��� 23.94 mm), 11 OF (CL 17.96���22.60 mm), BS, 750���850 m (ICML-EMU-10751, 10752, 10781); St. 2 (23 �� 12 ���02���N; 111 �� 20 ��� 50 ���W), Ago 5, 2012, 21 M (CL 14.07���21.51 mm), 29 F (CL 10.62���27.43 mm), 3 OF (CL 22.83���24.47 mm), BS, 1118���1150 m (ICML-EMU-10753, 10754, 10784); St. 3 (23 ��09��� 55 ���N; 111 �� 20 ���0���W), Ago 6, 2012, 2 M (CL 18.94���23.96 mm), 2 F (CL 17.30���21.82 mm), BS, 1395���1465 m (ICML-EMU- 10755); St. 5 C (23 �� 16 ��� 42 ���N; 110 �� 54 ��� 55 ���W), Ago 5, 2012, 79 M (CL 12.32���26.60 mm) (ICML-EMU- 10756), 145 F (CL 13.05���26.27 mm), 16 OF (CL 19.75���26.14 mm), BS, 980���1036 m (ICML-EMU-10757, 10780); St. 5 E (23 ��05��� 22 ���N; 110 �� 27 ��� 54 ���W), Ago 6, 2012, 42 M (CL 13.54���22.02 mm), 64 F (CL 13.52���23.11 mm), 13 OF (CL 18.10 ���25.00 mm), BS, 948��� 954 m (ICML-EMU-10758, 10759); St. 8 (25 ��02��� 12 ���N; 112 �� 54 ���06���W), Jul 30, 2012, 7 M (CL 18.81���24.85 mm), 4 F (CL 17.34���20.9 mm), 1 OF (CL 21.56 mm), BS, 1210���1245 m (ICML-EMU- 10760); St. 9 (24 �� 25 ��� 12 ���N; 112 �� 52 ��� 48 ���W), Jul 30, 2012, 10 M (CL 17.67���24.54 mm), 1 F (CL 20.59 mm), BS, 1425���1494 m (ICML-EMU- 10782); St. 24 (27 ��05��� 42 ���N; 114 �� 35 ��� 30 ���W), Ago 1, 2012, 4 M (CL 15.63���18.6 mm), 10 F (CL 14.54���23.36 mm), BS, 772���786 m (ICML-EMU- 10761). TALUD XVI, St. 3 (28 �� 39.0N; 115 �� 49.0W), Jul 31, 2013, 5 M (CL 18.21���24.87 mm), 4 F (CL 17.79���20.92 mm), BS, 1397���1408 m (ICML-EMU-10762, 10785). TALUD XVI���B, St. 3 (28 �� 42 ��� 36 ������N; 115 �� 50 ��� 42 ���W), May 23, 2014, 4 M (CL 18.08���21.95 mm), 1 OF (CL 20.54 mm), BS, 1350���1365 m (ICML-EMU- 10763); St. 8 (29 �� 23 ��� 48 ������N; 115 �� 45 ��� 12 ������W), May 31, 2014, 2 M (CL 16.21���16.50 mm), 3 F (CL 10.61���17.93 mm), BS, 1416���1480 m (ICML-EMU- 10764); St. 9 (29 �� 20 ��� 53 ������N; 115 �� 51 ���), May 31, 2014, 2 M (CL 20.79���23.39 mm), 1 F (CL 20.77 mm), BS, 1848���1860 m (EMU- 10765); St. 16 (29 �� 51 ��� 24 ������N; 116 ��09���06������W), May 29, 2014, 2 M (CL 19.51���21.14 mm), 3 F (CL 15.44���18.60 mm), BS, 1425 ��� 1360 m (ICML-EMU- 10766); St. 19 (30 �� 38 ���N; 116 �� 31 ��� 40 ������W), May 25, 2014, 2 M (CL 13.97���14.67 mm), 1 F (CL 26.99 16.03 mm), BS, 1385���1433 m (ICML-EMU- 10767); St. 21 (30 �� 49 ��� 24 ������N; 116 �� 47 ��� 48 ������W), May 28, 2014, 2 F (CL 17.80���27.78 mm), BS, 2018���2093 m (EMU��� 10768); St. 22 (30 �� 49 ��� 47 ������N; 116 �� 35 ��� 54 ������W), May 28, 2014, 1 M (CL 23.34 mm), 1 F (CL 24.05 mm), BS, 1480���1560 m (ICML-EMU- 10769); St. 23 (30 �� 56 ��� 2 ������N; 116 �� 40 ��� 55 ������W), May 27, 2014, 4 M (CL 14.82���20.06 mm), 3 F (CL 12.97 ���20.00 mm), BS, 1296���1340 m (EMU-10770, 10786); St. 28 (31 �� 22 ���N; 117 ��02���W), May 27, 2014, 1 F (CL 21.97 mm), BS, 1461���1532 m (EMU- 10772). Additional material examined. Holotype, female, CL 25 mm, USNM 1073696. R/V "Albatross", St. 3418, off Acapulco, Mexico, April 11, 1891. Geographical distribution. Previously known from Guaymas basin, central Gulf of California to Acapulco (16 �� 33 ���N, 99 �� 52 ���W), Mexico (Wicksten & Hendrickx 2003); West Atlantic, roughly from 27 �� 58 ���N, 78 �� 27 ���W to 23 �� 47 ���N, 78 �� 46 ���W (Cardoso & Burukowki 2014). The Atlantic record is questionable, because the distribution is vicariant. Based on the material examined herein, Nematocarcinus faxoni distribution is extended to 27 �� 48 ��� 30 ���N in the Gulf of California and off the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula to 31 �� 22 ��� N (Figure 8). Remarks. Nematocarcinus faxoni is clearly the dominant species of the genus in deep-water off the Pacific coast of Mexico. The combination of the structure of the ventral organ of the sixth pleomerer (Figure 7 E), the shape and size of the rostrum (Figures 2 B, 7 A), the presence of an inner protuberance on the pleura of fifth pleomere (Figure 7 F), and the larger space between proximal rostral teeth (Figures 7 A) allow to separate this species from N. agassizii., Published as part of Hernandez-Payan, J. C. & Hendrickx, M. E., 2016, Two species of the deep-water shrimp genus Nematocarcinus A. Milne ��� Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Nematocarcinidae) from the Mexican Pacific, pp. 587-599 in Zootaxa 4126 (4) on pages 593-597, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4126.4.9, http://zenodo.org/record/267779, {"references":["Burukovsky, R. N. (2001) Taxonomy of Nematocarcinus (Decapoda, Nematocarcinidae). Description of Nematocarcinus from waters of the American continent. Zooologicheskii Zhurnal, 80 (11), 1429 - 1443. [In Russian with English abstract]","Faxon, W. (1895) The stalk-eyed Crustacea. Reports on an exploration off the West Coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. fish commission steamer \" Albatross \", during 1891, Lieut. - Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 18, 1 - 192.","Crosnier, A. & Forest, J. (1973) Les crevettes profondes de l'Atlantique oriental tropical. Faune Tropicale, 19, 1 - 409.","Wicksten, M. K. (1989) Ranges of offshore decapod crustaceans in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 21 (19), 291 - 316. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24590","Wicksten, M. K. & Hendrickx, M. E. (1992) Checklist of Penaeoid and Caridean shrimps (Decapoda: Penaeoidea, Caridea) from the eastern tropical Pacific. Proceeding of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 9, 1 - 11.","Hendrickx, M. E. (1995) CAMARONES. In: Fischer, W., Krupp, F., Schneider, W., Sommer, C., Carpenter, K. E. & Niem, V. H. (Eds.), Guia FAO para la identificacion de especies para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico centro-oriental. Vol. I. Plantas e Invertebrados. FAO, Rome, Italy, pp. 417 - 537.","Hendrickx, M. E. (2001) Occurrence of a continental slope decapod crustacean community along the edge of the minimum oxygen zone in the southeastern Gulf of California, Mexico. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 131 (Suppl. 2), 95 - 109.","Komai, T. & Segonzac, M. (2005) Two new species of Nematocarcinus A. Milne-Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Nematocarcinidae) from hydrothermal vents on the North and South East Pacific Rise. Zoosystema, 27 (2), 343 - 364.","Burukovsky, R. N. (2003) Shrimps of the family Nematocarcinidae. Kaliningrad State Technical University, Kaliningrad, 250 pp. [In Russian]","Burukovsky, R. N. (2013) Shrimps of the family Nematocarcinidae Smith, 1884 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea) from Taiwan and the Philippines collected by the TAIWAN, PANGLAO 2005 and AURORA expeditions in the western Pacific. In: Ahyong, S. T., Chan, T. Y., Corbari, L. & Ng, P. K. L. (Eds.), Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos Vol. 27. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 204, 155 - 189.","Wicksten, M. K. & Hendrickx, M. E. (2003) An updated checklist of benthic marine and brackish water shrimps (Decapoda: Penaoidea, Stenopodidea, Caridea) from the Eastern Tropical Pacific. In: Hendrickx, M. E. (Ed.), Contributions to the Study of East Pacific Crustaceans 2. [Contribuciones al Estudio de los Crustaceos del Pacifico Este 2] Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, UNAM, pp. 49 - 76.","Cardoso, I. A. & Burukovsky, R. N. (2014) Nematocarcinus Milne Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea, Decapoda) from Southwestern Atlantic, including the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge area. Zootaxa, 3887 (3), 437 - 458. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3887.4.3"]}

Hernandez-Payan, J. C., Hendrickx, M. E. (2016): Two species of the deep-water shrimp genus Nematocarcinus A. Milne – Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Caridea, Nematocarcinidae) from the Mexican Pacific. Zootaxa 4126 (4): 587-599, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4126.4.9

The main goal of this research is to develop and to evaluate a relationship established between Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and crop coefficient (K-c) for estimating crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of table grapes vineyards (Vitis vinifera L., cvs. Perlette and Superior) in the semi-arid region of Northwest Mexico. Two consecutive growing seasons (2005 and 2006) of continuous measurements of ETc with the eddy covariance system were used to test the performance of the K-c-NDVI relationship. An exponential relation relating K-c to NDVI (R-2 = 0.63) is proposed and tested here as the basis for calculating ETc. The obtained results indicate that the K-c-NDVI approach estimates ETc reasonably well over two growing seasons. The root mean square error (RMSE) between measured and derived ETc from NDVI during 2005 and 2006 were respectively about 0.45 and 0.76 mm day(-1). Some discrepancies between measured and simulated ETc occurred when NDVI saturates at high values, causing the under-estimation of evapotranspiration.

Nursery experiments were conducted in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, to assess the growth of 'Kent' mango in nursery for transplant production as affected by selected bioregulators. A commercial extract of the brown alga Ascopyllum nodosum (Stimplex™), and a commercial formulation of amino acids (Macro-Sorb Radicular™) were applied to the soil every two weeks after grafting the mangos, at rates from 0 (check) to 2 ml/L, using 150 ml of aqueous solution per plant per application. Aside from bioregulators, the mango plants were managed following local recommendations. Check plants grew more slowly and reached the adequate transplanting stage later than bioregulator-treated plants. Increasing the bioregulator rate resulted in more accelerated growth in mango plants, and response to both bioregulators was comparable.

In Puerto Rico there is increasing interest in Crotalaria juncea as a cover crop for soil improvement, weed and nematode suppression, and seed production. As more area is sown with Crotalaria juncea, pests have been appearing in relatively large abundance in this plant. Commonly occurring undesirable animals feeding on leaves, pods and seeds of organically grown Crotalaria juncea in Lajas and Isabela, Puerto Rico, include the green iguana {Iguana iguana), beetles (species of Cerotoma and Diabrotica) and the pod borers Utetheisa bella and Utetheisa ornatrix.

Research was conducted in Lajas, Puerto Rico, to determine the effect of an extract of the brown alga (Ascophyllum nodosum), applied at different rates and times, on fruit retention in Tahiti lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka). A commercial formulation of the alga extract (Stimplex™) was diluted in water and sprayed covering the tree canopy, applying 0 (check treatment), 6, or 12 ml of the extract per tree per application. Applications were made 21 days apart, from January-March (from the preflowering stage through full bloom stage) or January-April (from the pre-flowering stage through the fruit set stage). Application at the rate of 12 ml per tree did not affect fruit retention, whereas the rate of 6 ml per tree from pre-flowering stage through the fruit set stage increased fruit number by 68% as compared to that of control trees.

Research was conducted in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, to determine the effect of two biostimulants on the in-nursery growth of 'Martinez' quenepa grown for rootstock. A brown alga (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract (Stimplex®) and a commercial blend of amino acids and related compounds (Macro-Sorb Radicular®) were applied to the rootstock container substrate as drench every three weeks until the plants reached the adequate grafting stage. Plants treated with the biostimulants were ready for grafting earlier than control plants. In general, 'Martinez' quenepa response to the amino acid blend was somewhat greater than its response to the (Ascophyllum nodosum extract, but the extent of growth response depended on biostimulant rate. Both biostimulants may be useful to accelerate the growth of quenepa seedlings for rootstock.

Experiments were conducted in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, to assess the effect of the physiological regulator aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) as a post-harvest treatment on a lowchill peach variety grown in Puerto Rico. Fruits of 'FlordaPrince' were harvested at the 40% green peel color stage and dipped in AVG aqueous solutions (0 and 300 mg/L) for 120 or 300 seconds, allowed to air-dry, and stored at 10 or 20 °C. Five days after exposure to AVG, fruit weight loss, external coloration, acidity, and soluble solids were determined. When fruits were stored at 10° C, there was no detectable difference between AVG-treated and control fruits. However, when stored at 20° C, by five days after treatment fruits exposed to AVG for either two or five minutes were firmer than control fruits. These results indicate that, under the conditions of this research, the benefit of post-harvest AVG treatment in melting flesh peach depended more on post-treatment temperature than on time of exposure to AVG.

Research was conducted in Isabela, Puerto Rico, to determine the tuber productivity of the weed purple nutsedge (PN) and the yield of 'Crimson Sweet' watermelon when grown with or without organic soil bed mulches [hays of millet (Pennisetum glaucum), nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata), cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), Bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum), and rye (Secale cereale)]. The mulches covered the top of the soil beds, and were set the same day the watermelon was established. Natural populations of PN on the site were approximately 100 viable tubers/m2. PN shoots able to grow through the mulches were left unchecked until the final harvest of the crop. For non-mulched checks, we had a bare soil weed-free treatment and a bare soil season-long-PN-infested treatment. There were significant effects on watermelon yield and PN tuber productivity by mulch material. The tuber productivity of PN production was significantly reduced when watermelon was mulched with Bahiagrass (68% lower), nutsedge (45% lower), cogongrass (36% lower), millet (36% lower), and sorghum (34% lower), as compared to PN-infested checks. When mulching with cogongrass and nutsedge, watermelon yield was significantly higher than with other mulches.

Experiments were conducted in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, to determine the effect of two biostimulants on the in-nursery growth of grapefruit budded on 'Cleopatra' rootstock. A kelp (Ascophyllum nodosum) extract (Stimplex®) and a commercial mixture of amino acids (Macro-Sorb Radicular®) were drenched at several rates, starting one month after budding and repeating the applications every 10 days until the plants reached the adequate transplanting stage. Biostimulant-treated plants attained the adequate transplanting stage earlier than untreated plants. 'Duncan' and 'Marsh' responded equally to the biostimulants, and the extent of growth response was greater as the biostimulant rates increased. These results indicate that both biostimulants may be useful to accelerate the production of 'Duncan' and 'Marsh' grapefruits budded on 'Cleopatra' rootstock.

Research was conducted in 2007 and 2008 to assess the external coloration components in fruits of the low-chill peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] 'Tropicbeauty' grown in Adjuntas, Puerto Rico. Fruits were harvested at three apparent maturity stages (AMS) (50, 70, and 90% change in ground color) and external (peel) color was determined shortly after harvesting (fruits kept at 20°C) or after storage at 0°C for two weeks followed by ripening at 20°C. Peel color was determined with a Hunter Lab-MiniScan XE spectrocolorimeter calibrated with white and black standards (X=79.8, Y=84.6, Z=90.4) in the L* a* b* uniform color space, assessing values for L* (lightness of the color), a* (green to red), b* (blue to yellow), Chroma (color saturation or intensity), and hue (red, yellow, green, blue, purple, or intermediate colors between adjacent pairs of the basic colors). Chroma values increased as AMS was higher, whereas Hue values tended to decrease as AMS increased. L* values increased slightly as AMS was higher and after storage.

There is an increasing interest in organic horticulture in Puerto Rico. One of the main limitations for organic production is the scarcity of local research for production recommendations. Research was conducted to evaluate mulching for weed suppression and alternative pesticides for disease management in an organic watermelon system in Lajas, Puerto Rico. Plots were either not mulched or mulched with freshly-cut grass straw. The alternative pesticides were (1) a blend of oils of rosemary, clove, thyme and wintergreen, mixed with lecithin and buthyl lactate (Sporan®), (2) hydrogen dioxide (OxiDate®), (3) an oil extract from the tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia) (Timorex®), (4) a clarified Hydrophobic Extract of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil (Trilogy®), (5) mint and rosemary oils mixed with wintergreen oil, vanillin, lecithin and buthyl lactate (Ecotrol®), (6) potassium bicarbonate (Milstop®), (7) Bacillus pumilis strain QST 2808 (Sonata®), (8) B. subtilis strain QST 713 (Serenade®), (9) whole milk (10% solution in water), (10) a garlic (Allium sativum) extract (Garlic Barrier®), (11) (Javelin®) mixed with a copper fungicide (NuCop®) alternated with B. thuringiensis (Agree®) mixed with a copper fungicide (NuCop®), and (12) a check treated with water. The organic pesticides were applied weekly at recommended rates. Downy mildew was the prevalent disease throughout the season. Watermelon yield was significantly higher in mulched plots than in non-mulched plots, due to weed suppression by the mulch. Among the organic pesticide treatments resulting in the highest crop yields were hydrogen dioxide, Bacillus pumilis strain QST 2808, the garlic extract, and the Melaleuca alternifolia oil extract. These results provide valuable information for weed and disease management in organic and ecological watermelon systems in tropical regions.