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The article discusses the study to recognise variability in basic circulatory levels of immune response mediators or oxidative stress markers between sexes, ages and estrous cycle stages in Murrah buffaloes. The study found negative correlation of lymphocyte proliferation and positive correlation of plasma immunoglobulin C (IgC) with age, while plasma nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α was sex-biased. It suggests the apparent role of age and sex steroids in immune competence.

The article examines the inhibitory effects of nitric oxide (NO) on steroidogenesis and progesterone production by buffalo granulosa cells. The study suggests that the strong inhibitory effects of NO can be considered as a paracrine/autocrine regulator of steroidogenesis. It points out that NO can inhibit estradiol-17ß and progesterone production by the granulosa cells.

Contents [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twelve healthy lactating murrah buffaloes of similar parity between 90-120 days of lactation, selected from institute herd and maintained at managemental practices as followed at the institute, were included in this experiment. The animals were divided into two groups based on their production level in previous lactation. The average milk production level of group I and II was 9.33 and 6.0 lit/day respectively. Blood was collected from these buffaloes on three occasions 10 days apart. The lymphocytes were separated and cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with PHA-P for 24h at 37°C in a humidified CO2 incubator (95% air and 5% CO2). The lymphocyte responsiveness in vitro was also evaluated in response to different nitric oxide compounds viz SNAP, LNAME and NMMA. Mitogen induced stimulation index tended to be significantly different (P<0.01) in buffaloes at different levels of production Lymphocytes were also found to be responsive to nitric oxide compounds. While the blastogenic response was significantly reduced at 10 mM (P<0.01) by SNAP (nitric oxide donor), the NOS inhibitors (both L-NAME, NMMA) were effective at as low as 0.2mM concentration (P<0.01). The study demonstrates the presence of an active Nitric oxide Synthase (NOS) system in buffalo lymphocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain serves as an immutable ledger which allows transactions to take place in a decentralized manner. The proposed solution incorporates the use of Blockchain for Supply Chain Management of Relief Materials after a Disaster. The proposed solution also provides many additional features when compared to the current system like being tamper-proof, providing anonymity and accountability to the users. Our solution incorporates a box-in-box approach whilst keeping tabs via tamper-proof barcodes. Barcodes will be frequently scanned at designated locations. Users also have the facility to track the donated items online through a dedicated website. For blockchain infrastructure, we have used Hyperledger Fabric.

In this article, a multi-purpose tactile/acceleration sensor system made of newly developed thick polymeric piezoelectric material and capable of sensing acceleration, contact force and pressure is developed and evaluated using analytical and experimental techniques. The sensor system is discretized and modeled by a single degree of freedom second order system from which equations of electromechanical dynamics are formulated to evaluate its performance. Analytical solutions are compared favorably with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]