Search

Learning in the twenty-first century is becoming more dependent on the use of digital tools and interactive media. Teachers play a crucial role in creating game-based learning procedures and enhancing learning and motivation. The aim of this article is to determine what kinds of expertise educators could require to effectively use game-based education (GBP). This study was done with 14 schools in East Java and their partner schools that took part in the GBP network initiative from 2017 to 2020. Two or three instructors at each school serve as the "core participants" who disseminate their knowledge to their colleagues. After collecting data via teacher documentation, theme interviews, and questionnaires, this research used qualitative content analysis to draw conclusions. The fields of pedagogy, technology, collaboration, and creativity were defined as the four key domains of competency. Researchers found that teachers' collaborative skills (whether intra-school or inter-school collaborations or networks with other teachers and key actors) were crucial to the success of the GBP's implementation. The findings may be used to improve pre-service and in-service teacher education and training, since teachers' game-based learning abilities will increasingly form an important part of their professional toolkits.

Teachers are unclear how to adapt pedagogical techniques in digital play to enhance language development for young children in the digital era and with the changes in early childhood education. The purpose of this study is to analyze how teachers understand the development and teaching of early childhood language in early grades with digital game media and special references for early grade students. Qualitative, interpretative research is employed. The researcher picked a Surabaya primary school with digital technologies for the study's participants. Eight elementary school teachers were also included in the research. Teachers' interactions with students while utilizing digital tools were studied via the use of semi-structured surveys and focus group interviews. In addition, it was recorded that bystanders saw these exchanges. The data utilized in this analysis takes into consideration instructors' perspectives on the value of information communication technology (ICT) in early education, the benefits of digital play, and the potential of digital pedagogy to foster better language acquisition. The study found that instructors were amenable to digital play-based learning. Educators' knowledge of digital games' potential to assist primary language learning is limited. Since today's children are digital natives, many instructors feel video games may help them acquire a second language. More effort should be placed into producing games that incorporate digital language-learning tools. Results also demonstrate that using digital games in the classroom is current. Before completely understanding the benefits of digital play in language instruction, we need further research on teachers' viewpoints, digital literacy, and behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to analyze online-based learning management for elementary school teachers during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia in terms of lesson planning, learning organization, learning implementation, learning directing, and learning evaluation. This research method used quantitative research with the type of survey research. Participants in this study were elementary school teachers in east java province in Indonesia. The total sample of the study is 140 elementary school teachers in east java Indonesia the July, 2020/2021 school year. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive samples. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The research instrument used a questionnaire with open-ended questions filled out by all primary school teachers who were sampled. The data analysis technique is carried out using descriptive statistics namely the presentation in the form of tables, charts, graphs, percentage values and so on. The data analysis technique is carried out using SPSS version 23. The results showed that online-based learning management for elementary school teachers during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia obtained 0,52926 for the standard deviation score is, it means that all data are in that range. The mean of majority score is 3,6214, it means that majority indicators are in very good criteria. The five online learning management functions that were carried out during COVID-19 show: the implementation of learning is in the first position, learning planning is in the second position, learning organization is in the third position, online learning evaluation is in the fourth position and online learning directing is in the fifth position. The success of online learning management is determined by the ease of application used by teachers to communicate with students. In addition, teacher mastery with digital application platforms, and quotas also has an influence on the success of online learning management during COVID-19 pandemic.

This research invites us to analyze how IoT through social media is transformed as an educational medium for social interaction for children during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study also identifies how parents, teachers, and children perceive social interactions before and after the pandemic. This research method uses embedded mixed methods by utilizing a qualitative approach through virtual ethnography and borrowing a questionnaire to complement the qualitative data. The survey of responses in this study was obtained from 100 parents and children who carried out learning activities at home from April 2020 to April 2021.The results show that the transformation of IoT and social media has had a significant impact on children's education in social interaction, owing to their interactive nature. Thus, IoT and social media can evolve into additional artifacts that act as mediators in the post-millennial generation, rather than as a form of culture. When social media and online games are introduced into a child's environment, it has been demonstrated that they mediate their conceptualization of learning and cognitive development, among other agents through the interactions between teachers, children, and technology, children conceptualize higher mental functions such as continuous and ongoing problem-solving dispositions, as well as language acquisition and social learning. The effect of technology on human interaction results in the transformation of social functions into individual mental functions, a process facilitated by modern technology.

Targeted degradation of cell surface and extracellular proteins via lysosomal delivery is an important means to modulate extracellular biology. However, these approaches have limitations due to lack of modularity, ease of development, restricted tissue targeting and applicability to both cell surface and extracellular proteins. We describe a lysosomal degradation strategy, termed cytokine receptor-targeting chimeras (KineTACs), that addresses these limitations. KineTACs are fully genetically encoded bispecific antibodies consisting of a cytokine arm, which binds its cognate cytokine receptor, and a target-binding arm for the protein of interest. We show that KineTACs containing the cytokine CXCL12 can use the decoy recycling receptor, CXCR7, to target a variety of target proteins to the lysosome for degradation. Additional KineTACs were designed to harness other CXCR7-targeting cytokines, CXCL11 and vMIPII, and the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor-targeting cytokine IL-2. Thus, KineTACs represent a general, modular, selective and simple genetically encoded strategy for inducing lysosomal delivery of extracellular and cell surface targets with broad or tissue-specific distribution.

Music education often struggles to sustain students’ long-term commitment, with many perceiving lessons as frustrating or unengaging, leading to discontinuation. To address this gap, our study aimed to elucidate the primary reasons for dropout from the perspectives of various stakeholders, including students, parents, teachers, and principals. Drawing upon the self-determination theory, our research comprehensively investigated external and internal factors contributing to dropout. Among external factors, competing extracurricular commitments, music theory and solfége lessons, and teacher’s approach emerge as the most prominent. Among internal factors, our findings highlighted the critical role of autonomy, competency, and relatedness in shaping students’ decisions to continue or discontinue music education. Inadequate teacher-student relationships, limited peer interactions, and uninspiring classroom atmospheres significantly impacted dropout. Moreover, challenges in the music school curriculum, such as difficulties with music theory and solfège, resource limitations, and excessive workloads, emerged as prominent barriers to student engagement. By addressing these multifaceted issues, our study underscores the importance of fostering supportive environments that cater to individual needs and interests, ultimately enhancing the overall music education experience and reducing dropout rates. This research represents the first systematic empirical study in Slovenian music education, laying the groundwork for future quantitative investigations to advance education practices in Slovenia.

Commenting on the work of other authors is justified when there are serious concerns related the scientific content, and the authors do not respond with valid arguments so that such concerns cannot be addressed. It should not be used to advertise one’s own work.

Abstract Plasmodium falciparum secretes extracellular vesicles (PfEVs) that contain parasite-derived RNA. However, the significance of the secreted RNA remains unexplored. Here, we compare secreted and intracellular RNA from asexual cultures of six P. falciparum lines. We find that secretion of RNA via extracellular vesicles is not only periodic throughout the asexual intraerythrocytic developmental cycle but is also highly conserved across P. falciparum isolates. We further demonstrate that the phases of RNA secreted via extracellular vesicles are discernibly shifted compared to those of the intracellular RNA within the secreting whole parasite. Finally, transcripts of genes with no known function during the asexual intraerythrocytic developmental cycle are enriched in PfEVs compared to the whole parasite. We conclude that the secretion of extracellular vesicles could be a putative posttranscriptional RNA regulation mechanism that is part of or synergise the classic RNA decay processes to maintain intracellular RNA levels in P. falciparum.

Musical creativity is represented through the activity of "creation" in the curricula for music education in both Montenegrin and Slovenian primary schools. Starting from the assumption that this activity is insufficiently realised, a survey of the teaching practice of the specialist music teachers in the two countries was conducted (N = 154). The obtained results show that creative musical activities are moderately represented in teaching practice and that Slovenian teachers achieve programme-defined goals related to the activities through which pupils create their own music to a greater extent. The results also indicate the particular circumstances that, in real school conditions, make it difficult to systematically realise this activity within regular music classes.

Learning media is often used in the implementation of effective learning so that students can be more involved in the classroom. However, many teachers continue to use traditional teaching methods, causing students to be less engaged in learning. Teachers can use song media as one of the learning media. The purpose of this study was to (1) analyze the research planning stages of using song media in social studies learning in class V SDN Kertajaya IV/210 Surabaya. (2) Describe the results of the use of music media in social studies learning on the learning motivation of fifth grade students at SDN Kertajaya IV/210 Surabaya. This study used qualitative research methods. The subjects of this study were 20 fifth grade students. This study uses primary data sources. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, tests, questionnaires, and documentation. Test the validity of the data using technical triangulation. Data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions are the data analysis techniques used. The results of the study revealed that social studies learning with the media of European arrival historical songs included three stages, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation. Learning planning consists of 2 stages: observation and study of literature. The stages of learning implementation are divided into three parts, namely preparatory activities, core activities, and closing activities. Learning is carried out at the assessment stage by examining achievements and deficiencies that occur during the learning process. The use of music media in social studies learning shows that the learning process runs smoothly and has the potential to increase student learning motivation.

Current serology tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies mainly take the form of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays or lateral flow assays, which are either laborious, expensive or lacking sufficient sensitivity and scalability. Here we present the development and validation of a rapid, low-cost, solution-based assay to detect antibodies in serum, plasma, whole blood and to a lesser extent saliva, using rationally designed split luciferase antibody biosensors. This new assay, which generates quantitative results in 30 min, substantially reduces the complexity and improves the scalability of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) antibody tests. This assay is well-suited for point-of-care, broad population testing, and applications in low-resource settings, for monitoring host humoral responses to vaccination or viral infection.

Numerous neutralizing antibodies that target SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, and most directly block binding of the viral Spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) to angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2). Here, we deliberately exploit non-neutralizing RBD antibodies, showing they can dramatically assist in neutralization when linked to neutralizing binders. We identified antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) by phage display that bind RBD, but do not block ACE2 or neutralize virus as IgGs. When these non-neutralizing Fabs were assembled into bispecific VH/Fab IgGs with a neutralizing VH domain, we observed a ~ 25-fold potency improvement in neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 compared to the mono-specific bi-valent VH-Fc alone or the cocktail of the VH-Fc and IgG. This effect was epitope-dependent, reflecting the unique geometry of the bispecific antibody toward Spike. Our results show that a bispecific antibody that combines both neutralizing and non-neutralizing epitopes on Spike-RBD is a promising and rapid engineering strategy to improve the potency of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

Neutralizing agents against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed for the treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19. Here, we present a strategy to rapidly identify and assemble synthetic human variable heavy (VH) domains toward neutralizing epitopes. We constructed a VH-phage library and targeted the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding interface of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike receptor-binding domain (Spike-RBD). Using a masked selection approach, we identified VH binders to two non-overlapping epitopes and further assembled these into multivalent and bi-paratopic formats. These VH constructs showed increased affinity to Spike (up to 600-fold) and neutralization potency (up to 1,400-fold) on pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus when compared to standalone VH domains. The most potent binder, a trivalent VH, neutralized authentic SARS-CoV-2 with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 4.0 nM (180 ng ml-1). A cryo-EM structure of the trivalent VH bound to Spike shows each VH domain engaging an RBD at the ACE2 binding site, confirming our original design strategy.

This article aims to explore the application of Project-Based Learning (PJBL) models in the course of stage management and to examine the global perspective regarding its implementation. In the context of the stage management course, PJBL can serve as an effective tool to involve students in practical and in-depth learning experiences. The implementation steps of the PJBL model are as follows: Firstly, the selection of challenging and relevant projects or tasks related to the field of stage management is carried out. Secondly, instructional planning is developed, including learning objectives, schedules, resources, and assessments. Subsequently, students are divided into working teams that will collaborate to complete the project. The learning process revolves around the project, with the instructor playing the role of a facilitator and guide. Through the implementation of the PJBL model, students are provided with opportunities to develop managerial skills, team collaboration, problem-solving, and more. Students also have the chance to learn from real experiences and apply management theories learned in practical situations. Furthermore, global competencies are also honed through this implementation, achieved by integrating elements of multiculturalism and cultural diversity within the given projects. In conclusion, the implementation of the PJBL model in the stage management course demonstrates significant potential in enhancing student engagement and facilitating deeper learning experiences. Taking a global perspective into account, this model can help students prepare themselves to face real-world challenges in the field of stage management.

Plasmodium falciparum parasites have a complex life cycle, but the most clinically relevant stage of the disease is the invasion of erythrocytes and the proliferation of the parasite in the blood. The influence of human genetic traits on malaria has been known for a long time, however understanding the role of the proteins involved is hampered by the anuclear nature of erythrocytes that makes them inaccessible to genetic tools. Here we overcome this limitation using stem cells to generate erythroid cells with an in-vitro differentiation protocol and assess parasite invasion with an adaptation of flow cytometry to detect parasite hemozoin. We combine this strategy with reprogramming of patient cells to Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and genome editing to understand the role of key genes and human traits in malaria infection. We show that deletion of basigin ablates invasion while deletion of ATP2B4 has a minor effect and that erythroid cells from reprogrammed patient-derived HbBart α-thalassemia samples poorly support infection. The possibility to obtain patient-secific and genetically modifed erythoid cells offers an unparalleled opportunity to study the role of human genes and polymorphisms in malaria allowing preservation of the genomic background to demonstrate their function and understand their mechanisms.

Some parasitic diseases, such as malaria, require two hosts to complete their lifecycle: a human and an insect vector. Although most malaria research has focused on parasite development in the human host, the life cycle within the vector is critical for the propagation of the disease. The mosquito stage of the Plasmodium lifecycle represents a major demographic bottleneck, crucial for transmission blocking strategies. Furthermore, it is in the vector, where sexual recombination occurs generating “de novo” genetic diversity, which can favor the spread of drug resistance and hinder effective vaccine development. However, understanding of vector-parasite interactions is hampered by the lack of experimental systems that mimic the natural environment while allowing to control and standardize the complexity of the interactions. The breakthrough in stem cell technologies has provided new insights into human-pathogen interactions, but these advances have not been translated into insect models. Here, we review in vivo and in vitro systems that have been used so far to study malaria in the mosquito. We also highlight the relevance of single-cell technologies to progress understanding of these interactions with higher resolution and depth. Finally, we emphasize the necessity to develop robust and accessible ex vivo systems (tissues and organs) to enable investigation of the molecular mechanisms of parasite-vector interactions providing new targets for malaria control.

MSME actors have limited knowledge in applying for halal certification so that it becomes an obstacle in implementing halal product guarantees in Indonesia. Whereas the halal logo on the packaging has an impact on purchasing decisions and consumer satisfaction. Community service aims to provide training on the importance of halal certification as an effort to increase customer satisfaction for MSME actors. The target of the activity is 26 MSMEs in Surabaya. The method used is lectures and questions and answers followed by distributing knowledge questionnaires about halal certification and consumer satisfaction as material for evaluating activities. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the Paired Sample Test. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant increase in knowledge (p-value 0.000). This is indicated by the average knowledge score before training from 3.81 to 6.50 after being given training. Furthermore, MSME actors expect there are activities to assist in the registration of halal certification.

Introduction: The purpose of the research was to analyze the treatment of children during the SARS CoV-2 epidemic in the red zone of of the Pediatric Clinic in Ljubljana. Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental type of research was used. All hospitalized children from October to March 2022 were included. Data were obtained using the Clinical information system. results: 203 children, (113 (55.7%) boys and 90 (44.3%) girls) were included. The majority were aged 6–12 years 58 (26.1%). Most SARS-CoV-2 positive children (93,6%) were hospitalized in the red zone of Admission and Triage Department red zone and 10 (6.4%) in the another departments. The majority were hematological oncology patients (22.7%), and the leastowest number of children was in the field of allergology, rheumatology and clinical immunology 3%. Thirty-nine (19.2%) children received Sotrovimab, 24 (11.8%) Regencov and Remdesevir 12 (5.90%). Discusion: During the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, work at the Pediatric Clinic has fully adapted to ensure safe management of children despite the reduced scope of work. Treatment of children with cancer, newborns, and other children with serious acute or chronically ill children from all over Slovenia were treated without interruption in the red zone of the Pediatric clinic in Ljubljana.

Metode: Uporabili smo kvantitativno, neeksperimentalno metodo raziskave. Vključili smo vse hospitalizirane otroke od oktobra do marca 2022. Podatke smo pridobili iz informacijskega sistema Clinical. rezultati: Analizirali smo 203 otroke (113 (55,7 %) fantov in 90 (44,3 %) deklet). Največ je bilo šolskih otrok 58 (26,1 %), starih 6–12 let. Večina SARS-Cov-2 pozitivnih otrok (93,6 %) je bila sprejeta v rdečo cono, 10 (6,4 %) pa na druge oddelke v kliniki. Največ je bilo hematoonkoloških bolnikov (22,7 %), najmanj pa otrok z boleznimi s področja alergologije, revmatologije in klinične imunologije (3 %). Sotrovimab je prejelo 39 otrok (19,20 %), Regencov 24 (11,8 %) in Remdesevir 12 (5,90 %) otrok. Zaključek: Med epidemijo SARS-CoV-2 smo na Pediatrični kliniki delo v celoti prilagodili, da bi bolnim otrokom zagotovili varno obravnavo tudi ob omejenem obsegu dela. V rdeči coni Pediatrične klinike je nemoteno potekalo zdravljenje otrok z rakom, novorojenčkov ter drugih težje kronično ali akutno bolnih otrok iz vse Slovenije z okužbo s SARS-Cov-2.