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2. Final results of the LOPES radio interferometer for cosmic-ray air showers

Author

Apel, W. D., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Fuchs, B., Gemmeke, H., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huber, D., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K. -H., Kang, D., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Link, K., Luczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H. J., Melissas, M., Morello, C., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Palmieri, N., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schoo, S., Schröder, F. G., Sima, O., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., Zensus, J. A., and Collaboration, LOPES

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

LOPES, the LOFAR prototype station, was an antenna array for cosmic-ray air showers operating from 2003 - 2013 within the KASCADE-Grande experiment. Meanwhile, the analysis is finished and the data of air-shower events measured by LOPES are available with open access in the KASCADE Cosmic Ray Data Center (KCDC). This article intends to provide a summary of the achievements, results, and lessons learned from LOPES. By digital, interferometric beamforming the detection of air showers became possible in the radio-loud environment of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). As a prototype experiment, LOPES tested several antenna types, array configurations and calibration techniques, and pioneered analysis methods for the reconstruction of the most important shower parameters, i.e., the arrival direction, the energy, and mass-dependent observables such as the position of the shower maximum. In addition to a review and update of previously published results, we also present new results based on end-to-end simulations including all known instrumental properties. For this, we applied the detector response to radio signals simulated with the CoREAS extension of CORSIKA, and analyzed them in the same way as measured data. Thus, we were able to study the detector performance more accurately than before, including some previously inaccessible features such as the impact of noise on the interferometric cross-correlation beam. These results led to several improvements, which are documented in this paper and can provide useful input for the design of future cosmic-ray experiments based on the digital radio-detection technique., Comment: Accepted for publication by EPJ C

Published
2021
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3. Psychological characteristics and structural brain changes in women with endometriosis and endometriosis-independent chronic pelvic pain.

Author

Maulitz, L, Nehls, S, Stickeler, E, Ignatov, A, Kupec, T, Henn, A T, Chechko, N, and Tchaikovski, S N

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION Are there neurobiological changes induced by endometriosis? SUMMARY ANSWER Women with endometriosis demonstrate specific neurobiological changes distinct from those in patients with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) in the absence of endometriosis. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Endometriosis is a chronic disease affecting women of reproductive age that presents with pain and infertility often accompanied by comorbid mental disorders. Only one study with a number of limitations has investigated changes in gray matter volumes and functional connectivity in a small group of patients with endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This prospective study recruited 53 women undergoing a laparoscopy due to suspicion of symptomatic endometriosis and 25 healthy, pain-free women. Clinical and psychological characteristics, thermal pain perception, and voxel- and surface-based morphology were assessed in all study participants. Thereafter, the patients underwent a laparoscopy, where endometriosis was either histologically confirmed and removed, or ruled out. Correspondingly, patients were assigned into the group with endometriosis (n = 27) or with endometriosis-independent CPP (n = 26) and compared to the pain-free controls. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The study groups were generally representative for the population of women with endometriosis. Sociodemographic, medical, clinical, and psychological characteristics were collected using various questionnaires and a structured clinical interview. Thermal pain perception and voxel- and surface-based morphometry were assessed using thermode and MRI, respectively. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Despite comparable pain intensity and burden of mental disorders, both patient groups demonstrated distinct neurobiological patterns. Women with endometriosis exhibited increased gray matter volume (GMV) in the left cerebellum, lingual gyrus and calcarine gyrus, compared to those with endometriosis-independent CPP. Patients with CPP had decreased GMV in the right cerebellum as compared to controls. Dysmenorrhoea severity correlated positively with GMV in the left inferior parietal lobule, whereas depressive symptoms were associated with decreased GMV in the right superior medial gyrus across patient groups. Dyspareunia correlated negatively with cortical thickness in the left inferior temporal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The study groups differed in a few baseline-characteristics, including educational levels, smoking and BMI. While measuring pain perception thresholds, we did not attempt to mimic CPP by placement of the thermode on the abdominal wall. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Changes in gray matter volume associated with endometriosis differ from those observed in women with endometriosis-independent CPP. Our results underline an involvement of the cerebellum in pain perception and the pathogenesis of pain associated with endometriosis. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded by the START Program of the Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Germany, and supported by the International Research Training Group (IRTG 2150) of the German Research Foundation (DFG)—269953372/GRK2150, Germany. S.T. was supported by postdoctoral fellowship of the Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen, Germany. There are no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00021236 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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4. Improved absolute calibration of LOPES measurements and its impact on the comparison with REAS 3.11 and CoREAS simulations

Author

Apel, W. D., Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Fuchs, B., Gemmeke, H., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hiller, R., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huber, D., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K. -H., Kang, D., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Link, K., Luczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H. J., Melissas, M., Morello, C., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Palmieri, N., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schoo, S., Schröder, F. G., Sima, O., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

LOPES was a digital antenna array detecting the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. The calibration of the absolute amplitude scale of the measurements was done using an external, commercial reference source, which emits a frequency comb with defined amplitudes. Recently, we obtained improved reference values by the manufacturer of the reference source, which significantly changed the absolute calibration of LOPES. We reanalyzed previously published LOPES measurements, studying the impact of the changed calibration. The main effect is an overall decrease of the LOPES amplitude scale by a factor of $2.6 \pm 0.2$, affecting all previously published values for measurements of the electric-field strength. This results in a major change in the conclusion of the paper 'Comparing LOPES measurements of air-shower radio emission with REAS 3.11 and CoREAS simulations' published in Astroparticle Physics 50-52 (2013) 76-91: With the revised calibration, LOPES measurements now are compatible with CoREAS simulations, but in tension with REAS 3.11 simulations. Since CoREAS is the latest version of the simulation code incorporating the current state of knowledge on the radio emission of air showers, this new result indicates that the absolute amplitude prediction of current simulations now is in agreement with experimental data., Comment: Partly changes results and conclusion of publication Astroparticle Physics 50-52 (2013) 76-91 (arXiv:1309.5920)

Published
2015
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5. Thunderstorm Observations by Air-Shower Radio Antenna Arrays

Author

Apel, W. D., Arteaga, J. C., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Doll, P., Ender, M., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huber, D., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K. -H., Kang, D., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Link, K., Luczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H. J., Melissas, M., Morello, C., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Palmieri, N., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schröder, F. G., Sima, O., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Relativistic, charged particles present in extensive air showers lead to a coherent emission of radio pulses which are measured to identify the shower initiating high-energy cosmic rays. Especially during thunderstorms, there are additional strong electric fields in the atmosphere, which can lead to further multiplication and acceleration of the charged particles and thus have influence on the form and strength of the radio emission. For a reliable energy reconstruction of the primary cosmic ray by means of the measured radio signal it is very important to understand how electric fields affect the radio emission. In addition, lightning strikes are a prominent source of broadband radio emissions that are visible over very long distances. This, on the one hand, causes difficulties in the detection of the much lower signal of the air shower. On the other hand the recorded signals can be used to study features of the lightning development. The detection of cosmic rays via the radio emission and the influence of strong electric fields on this detection technique is investigated with the LOPES experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany. The important question if a lightning is initiated by the high electron density given at the maximum of a high-energy cosmic-ray air shower is also investigated, but could not be answered by LOPES. But, these investigations exhibit the capabilities of EAS radio antenna arrays for lightning studies. We report about the studies of LOPES measured radio signals of air showers taken during thunderstorms and give a short outlook to new measurements dedicated to search for correlations of lightning and cosmic rays.

Published
2013
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6. Longitudinal EAS-Development Studies in the Air-Shower Experiment KASCADE-Grande

Author

Doll, P., Apel, W. D., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Buchholz, P., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., di Pierro, F., Engel, R., Engler, J., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Ghia, P. L., Gils, H. J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K. -H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Klages, H. O., Link, K., Łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Melissas, M., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Palmieria, N., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Schröder, F. G., Sima, O., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Ulrich, H., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., and Zabierowski, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

A large area (128 m^2) Muon Tracking Detector (MTD), located within the KASCADE experiment, has been built with the aim to identify muons (E_mu > 0.8 GeV) and their directions in extensive air showers by track measurements under more than 18 r.l. shielding. The orientation of the muon track with respect to the shower axis is expressed in terms of the radial- and tangential angles. By means of triangulation the muon production height H_mu is determined. By means of H_mu, a transition from light to heavy cosmic ray primary particle with increasing shower energy Eo from 1-10 PeV is observed. Muon pseudorapidity distributions for the first interactions above 15 km are studied and compared to Monte Carlo simulations., Comment: Presented at the XVI International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (ISVHECRI 2010), Batavia, IL, USA (28 June 2 July 2010). 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
2010

7. Sensitivity of KASCADE-Grande data to hadronic interaction models

Author

Kang, D., Apel, W. D., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Buchholz, P., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Ghia, P. L., Gils, H. J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K. -H., Kickelbick, D., Klages, H. O., Link, K., Luczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Melissas, M., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Palmieria, N., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Schröder, F. G., Sima, O., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Ulrich, H., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., and Zabierowski, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

KASCADE-Grande is a large detector array dedicated for studies of high-energy cosmic rays in the primary energy range from 100 TeV to 1 EeV. The multi-detector concept of the experimental set-up offers the possibility to measure simultaneously various observables related to the electromagnetic, muonic, and hadronic air shower components. The experimental data are compared to predictions of CORSIKA simulations using high-energy hadronic interaction models (e.g. QGSJET or EPOS), as well as low-energy interaction models (e.g. FLUKA or GHEISHA). This contribution will summarize the results of such investigations. In particular, the validity of the new EPOS version 1.99 for EAS with energy around 100 PeV will be discussed., Comment: Talk given at XVI International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions ISVHECRI 2010, Batavia, IL, USA (28 June 2 July 2010). 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
2010

8. The KASCADE-Grande experiment: measurements of the all-particle energy spectrum of cosmic rays

Author

Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Apel, W. D., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Buchholz, P., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Ghia, P. L., Gils, H. J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K. -H., Kickelbick, D., Klages, H. O., Link, K., Luczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Melissas, M., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Palmieri, N., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Schröder, F., Sima, O., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Ulrich, H., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., and Zabierowski, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The all-particle energy spectrum as measured by the KASCADE-Grande experiment for E = 10^{16} - 10^{18} eV is presented within the framework of the QGSJET II/FLUKA hadronic interaction models. Three different methods were applied based on the muon size and the total number of charged particles individually and in combination. From the study it is found that the spectrum cannot be completely described by a smooth power law due to the presence of characteristic features., Comment: Invited talk given at XVI International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions ISVHECRI 2010, Batavia, IL, USA (28 June 2 July 2010). 6 pages, 8 figures

Published
2010

9. On noise treatment in radio measurements of cosmic ray air showers

Author

Schröder, F. G., Apel, W. D., Arteaga, J. C., Asch, T., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huber, D., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K. -H., Kang, D., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Link, K., Łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H. J., Melissas, M., Morello, C., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Palmieri, N., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Sima, O., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Collaboration, J. A. Zensus - LOPES

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Precise measurements of the radio emission by cosmic ray air showers require an adequate treatment of noise. Unlike to usual experiments in particle physics, where noise always adds to the signal, radio noise can in principle decrease or increase the signal if it interferes by chance destructively or constructively. Consequently, noise cannot simply be subtracted from the signal, and its influence on amplitude and time measurement of radio pulses must be studied with care. First, noise has to be determined consistently with the definition of the radio signal which typically is the maximum field strength of the radio pulse. Second, the average impact of noise on radio pulse measurements at individual antennas is studied for LOPES. It is shown that a correct treatment of noise is especially important at low signal-to-noise ratios: noise can be the dominant source of uncertainty for pulse height and time measurements, and it can systematically flatten the slope of lateral distributions. The presented method can also be transfered to other experiments in radio and acoustic detection of cosmic rays and neutrinos., Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitted to NIM A, Proceedings of ARENA 2010, Nantes, France

Published
2010
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10. New method for the time calibration of an interferometric radio antenna array

Author

Schröder, F. G., Asch, T., Bähren, L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Falcke, H., Haungs, A., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Krömer, O., and Nehls, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Digital radio antenna arrays, like LOPES (LOFAR PrototypE Station), detect high-energy cosmic rays via the radio emission from atmospheric extensive air showers. LOPES is an array of dipole antennas placed within and triggered by the KASCADE-Grande experiment on site of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. The antennas are digitally combined to build a radio interferometer by forming a beam into the air shower arrival direction which allows measurements even at low signal-to-noise ratios in individual antennas. This technique requires a precise time calibration. A combination of several calibration steps is used to achieve the necessary timing accuracy of about 1 ns. The group delays of the setup are measured, the frequency dependence of these delays (dispersion) is corrected in the subsequent data analysis, and variations of the delays with time are monitored. We use a transmitting reference antenna, a beacon, which continuously emits sine waves at known frequencies. Variations of the relative delays between the antennas can be detected and corrected for at each recorded event by measuring the phases at the beacon frequencies., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, pre-print of article published in Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A, available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TJM-4Y9CF4B-4/2/37bfcb899a0f387d9875a5a0729593ae

Published
2010
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11. Lateral Distribution of the Radio Signal in Extensive Air Showers Measured with LOPES

Author

LOPES Collaboration, Apel, W. D., Arteaga, J. C., Asch, T., Badea, A. F., Baehren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Bluemer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Brueggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hoerandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K. H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Kroemer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Luczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Melissas, M., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Oehlschlaeger, J., Over, S., Palmieri, N., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schroeder, F., Sima, O., Singh, K., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Ulrich, H., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The antenna array LOPES is set up at the location of the KASCADE-Grande extensive air shower experiment in Karlsruhe, Germany and aims to measure and investigate radio pulses from Extensive Air Showers. The coincident measurements allow us to reconstruct the electric field strength at observation level in dependence of general EAS parameters. In the present work, the lateral distribution of the radio signal in air showers is studied in detail. It is found that the lateral distributions of the electric field strengths in individual EAS can be described by an exponential function. For about 20% of the events a flattening towards the shower axis is observed, preferentially for showers with large inclination angle. The estimated scale parameters R0 describing the slope of the lateral profiles range between 100 and 200 m. No evidence for a direct correlation of R0 with shower parameters like azimuth angle, geomagnetic angle, or primary energy can be found. This indicates that the lateral profile is an intrinsic property of the radio emission during the shower development which makes the radio detection technique suitable for large scale applications., Comment: accepted by Astroparticle Physics

Published
2009
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12. Cosmic Ray Measurements with the KASCADE-Grande Experiment

Author

Collaboration, KASCADE-Grande, Apel, W. D., Arteaga, J. C., Badea, F., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Bluemer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Brueggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., deSouza, V., DiPierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Ghia, P. L., Gils, H. J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hoerandel, J. R., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K. -H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Klages, H. O., Luczak, P., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Oehlschlaeger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Schroeder, F., Sima, O., Stuempert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Ulrich, H., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., and Zabierowski, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

14 KASCADE-Grande reports submitted to the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, Lodz, Poland, July 2009, Comment: Contributions to the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, Lodz, Poland, July 2009

Published
2009

13. Amplitude calibration of a digital radio antenna array for measuring cosmic ray air showers

Author

Nehls, S., Hakenjos, A., Arts, M. J., Bluemer, J., Bozdog, H., van Cappellen, W. A., Falcke, H., Haungs, A., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., and Kroemer, O.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Radio pulses are emitted during the development of air showers, where air showers are generated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays entering the Earth's atmosphere. These nanosecond short pulses are presently investigated by various experiments for the purpose of using them as a new detection technique for cosmic particles. For an array of 30 digital radio antennas (LOPES experiment) an absolute amplitude calibration of the radio antennas including the full electronic chain of the data acquisition system is performed, in order to estimate absolute values of the electric field strength for these short radio pulses. This is mandatory, because the measured radio signals in the MHz frequency range have to be compared with theoretical estimates and with predictions from Monte Carlo simulations to reconstruct features of the primary cosmic particle. A commercial reference radio emitter is used to estimate frequency dependent correction factors for each single antenna of the radio antenna array. The expected received power is related to the power recorded by the full electronic chain. Systematic uncertainties due to different environmental conditions and the described calibration procedure are of order 20%., Comment: Article accepted by Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, A (NIM A)

Published
2008
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14. Radio Emission in Atmospheric Air Showers: First Measurements with LOPES-30

Author

Isar, P. G., Nehls, S., and Collaboration, LOPES

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

When Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays interact with particles in the Earth's atmosphere, they produce a shower of secondary particles propagating toward the ground. LOPES-30 is an absolutely calibrated array of 30 dipole antennas investigating the radio emission from these showers in detail and clarifying if the technique is useful for largescale applications. LOPES-30 is co-located and measures in coincidence with the air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande. Status of LOPES-30 and first measurements are presented., Comment: Proceedings of ARENA 06, June 2006, University of Northumbria, UK

Published
2006
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15. Absolute calibration of the LOPES antenna system

Author

Nehls, S. and Collaboration, LOPES

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Radio emission in extensive air showers arises from an interaction with the geomagnetic field and is subject of theoretical studies. This radio emission has advantages for the detection of high energy cosmic rays compared to secondary particle or fluorescence measurement methods. Radio antennas like the LOPES30 antenna system are suited to investigate this emission process by detecting the radio pulses. The characteristic observable parameters like electric field strength and pulse length require a calibration which was done with a reference radio source resulting in an amplification factor representing the system behavior in the environment of the KASCADE-Grande experiment. Knowing the amplification factor and the gain of the LOPES antennas LOPES30 is calibrated absolutely for systematic analyses of the radio emission., Comment: 5 pages, Proceedings of International Workshop on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino detection Activities: ARENA, May 17-19, 2005, DESY Zeuthen

Published
2005
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16. Improved absolute calibration of LOPES measurements and its impact on the comparison with REAS 3.11 and CoREAS simulations

Author

Apel, W.D., Arteaga-Velázquez, J.C., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P.L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Fuchs, B., Gemmeke, H., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hiller, R., Hörandel, J.R., Horneffer, A., Huber, D., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kang, D., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Link, K., Łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H.J., Melissas, M., Morello, C., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Palmieri, N., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schoo, S., Schröder, F.G., Sima, O., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J.A.

Published
2016
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18. Muon production height studies with the air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande

Author

Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Buchholz, P., Büttner, C., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Ghia, P.L., Gils, H.J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Klages, H.O., Link, K., Ludwig, M., Łuczak, P., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Melissas, M., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Obenland, R., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Palmieri, N., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schatz, G., Schieler, H., Schröder, F., Sima, O., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., and Zabierowski, J.

Published
2011
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19. Thunderstorm observations by air-shower radio antenna arrays

Author

Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P.L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Pierro, F. Di, Doll, P., Ender, M., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Horneffer, A., Huber, D., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kang, D., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Link, K., Łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H.J., Melissas, M., Morello, C., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Palmieri, N., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schröder, F.G., Sima, O., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J.A.

Published
2011
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20. Investigation of the properties of galactic cosmic rays with the KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author

Hörandel, J.R., Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Badea, F., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Ghia, P.L., Gils, H.J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Klages, H.O., łuczak, P., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Schröder, F., Sima, O., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., and Zabierowski, J.

Published
2011
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21. Measurement of radio emission from extensive air showers with LOPES

Author

Hörandel, J.R., Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Asch, T., Badea, F., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P.L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Ender, M., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Link, K., łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Melissas, M., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Oehlschläger, J., Over, S., Palmieri, N., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schröder, F., Sima, O., Singh, K., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J.A.

Published
2011
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22. Lateral distribution of the radio signal in extensive air showers measured with LOPES

Author

Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Asch, T., Badea, A.F., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P.L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Melissas, M., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Oehlschläger, J., Over, S., Palmieri, N., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schröder, F., Sima, O., Singh, K., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J.A.

Published
2010
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23. The KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author

Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Badea, A.F., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Buchholz, P., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Ghia, P.L., Gils, H.J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Klages, H.O., Link, K., łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Melissas, M., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Palmieri, N., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Schröder, F., Sima, O., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., and Zabierowski, J.

Published
2010
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24. Energy spectra of elemental groups of cosmic rays: Update on the KASCADE unfolding analysis

Author

Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Badea, A.F., Bekk, K., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Gils, H.J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Klages, H.O., Kolotaev, Y., Łuczak, P., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schatz, G., Schieler, H., Schröder, F., Sima, O., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Ulrich, H., van Buren, J., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., and Zabierowski, J.

Published
2009
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25. Recent Results from KASCADE-Grande and LOPES

Author

Kampert, K.-H., Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Asch, T., Badea, F., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P.L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Ender, M., Engel, R., Engler, J., Falcke, H., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Gils, H.J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Klages, H.O., Kolotaev, Y., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Link, K., Łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Milke, J., Melissas, M., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Palmieri, N., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schröder, F., Sima, O., Singh, K., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G., Ulrich, H., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J.A.

Published
2009
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26. Radio emission of energetic cosmic ray air showers: Polarization measurements with LOPES

Author

Isar, P.G., Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Asch, T., Auffenberg, J., Badea, F., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P.L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Horneffer, A., Huang, X., Huege, T., Kampert, K.-H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Kolotaev, Y., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Łuczak, P., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Oehlschläger, J., Over, S., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schröder, F., Sima, O., Singh, K., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J.A.

Published
2009
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27. Analysis of inclined showers measured with LOPES

Author

Saftoiu, A., Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Asch, T., Auffenberg, J., Badea, F., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P.L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Kolotaev, Y., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Łuczak, P., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Oehlschläger, J., Over, S., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schröder, F., Sima, O., Singh, K., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J.A.

Published
2009
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28. Air shower measurements with the LOPES radio antenna array

Author

Haungs, A., Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Asch, T., Auffenberg, J., Badea, F., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P.L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Kolotaev, Y., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Łuczak, P., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Oehlschläger, J., Over, S., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Schröder, F., Sima, O., Singh, K., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J.A.

Published
2009
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29. KASCADE-Grande: An overview and first results

Author

Bertaina, M., Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Badea, F., Bekk, K., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Ghia, P.L., Gils, H.J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kickelbick, D., Klages, H.O., Kolotaev, Y., Luczak, P., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Meurer, C., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morales, A., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Sima, O., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., van Buren, J., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., and Zabierowski, J.

Published
2008
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30. Time structure of the EAS electron and muon components measured by the KASCADE–Grande experiment

Author

Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Badea, A.F., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Ghia, P.L., Gils, H.J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kickelbick, D., Klages, H.O., Kolotaev, Y., Luczak, P., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Meurer, C., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Sima, O., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., van Buren, J., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., and Zabierowski, J.

Published
2008
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31. Investigations of Muons in EAS with KASCADE-Grande

Author

Haungs, A., Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Badea, A.F., Bekk, K., Bercuci, A., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Ghia, P.L., Gils, H.J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Klages, H.O., Kolotaev, Y., Luczak, P., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Meurer, C., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Obenland, R., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Risse, A., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Sima, O., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G., Ulrich, H., van Buren, J., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., and Zimmermann, D.

Published
2008
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32. Status of the KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author

Ulrich, H., Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Badea, A.F., Bekk, K., Bercuci, A., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Finger, M., Ghia, P.L., Gils, H.J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Klages, H.O., Kolotaev, Y., Luczak, P., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Meurer, C., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Obenland, R., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Risse, A., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Sima, O., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G., van Buren, J., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., and Zimmermann, D.

Published
2008
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33. Cosmic Ray Air Shower Detection with LOPES

Author

Haungs, A., Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Asch, T., Badea, A.F., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P.L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S., Butcher, H., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Hakenjos, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kolotaev, Y., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Luczak, P., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Meurer, C., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Petrovic, J., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Sima, O., Singh, K., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G., Ulrich, H., van Buren, J., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., Zensus, J.A., and Zimmermann, D.

Published
2008
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34. Tests of hadronic interaction models by data of the KASCADE-Grande air-shower experiment

Author

Haungs, A., Risse, M., Apel, W. D., Badea, F., Bekk, K., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Daumiller, K., Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Gils, H. J., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Huege, T., Klages, H. O., Maier, G., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Milke, J., Müller, M., Nehls, S., Obenland, R., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Stümpert, M., Ulrich, H., van Buren, J., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Bercuci, A., Brancus, I. M., Mitrica, B., Petcu, M., Sima, O., Toma, G., Bertaina, M., Chiavassa, A., Di Pierro, F., Ghia, P. L., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Trinchero, G. C., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Grupen, C., Kolotaev, Y., Over, S., Walkowiak, W., Zimmermann, D., Glasstetter, R., Kampert, K.-H., Risse, A., and Zabierowski, J.

Published
2006
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35. Radio detection of cosmic ray air showers with LOPES

Author

Huege, T., Apel, W.D., Asch, T., Badea, A.F., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bercuci, A., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P.L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Buitink, S., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Butcher, H., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Hakenjos, A., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Horneffer, A., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.H., Kolotaev, Y., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Meurer, C., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Obenland, R., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Petrovic, J., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Risse, A., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Sima, O., Singh, K., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., van Buren, J., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., Zensus, J.A., and Zimmermann, D.

Published
2007
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36. Status of the KASCADE-Grande experiment

Author

Di Pierro, F., Apel, W.D., Badea, F., Bekk, K., Bercuci, A., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Ghia, P.L., Gils, H.J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Huege, T., Kampert, K.-H., Klages, H.O., Kolotaev, Y., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Meurer, C., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Obenland, R., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Risse, A., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Sima, O., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., van Buren, J., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., and Zimmermann, D.

Published
2007
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37. Detection and imaging of atmospheric radio flashes from cosmic ray air showers

Author

Falcke, H., Apel, W. D., Badea, A. F., Bahren, L., Bekk, K., Bercuci, A., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Blumer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Buitink, S., Bruggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Butcher, H., Chiavassa, A., Daumiller, K., de Bruyn, A. G., de Vos, C. M., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Horandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Kampert, K.-H., Kant, G. W., Klein, U., Kolotaev, Y., Koopman, Y., Kromer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Maier, G., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Obenland, R., Oehlschlager, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Pepping, H. J., Petcu, M., Petrovic, J., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Risse, A., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Schoonderbeek, G., Sima, O., Stumpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Ulrich, H., Valchierotti, S., van Buren, J., van Cappellen, W., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wijnholds, S., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., Zensus, J. A., and Zimmermann, D.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): H. Falcke (corresponding author) [1, 4, 9]; W. D. Apel [6]; A. F. Badea [6]; L. Bähren [4]; K. Bekk [6]; A. Bercuci [3]; M. Bertaina [11]; P. L. [...]

Published
2005
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38. Progress in air shower radio measurements: Detection of distant events

Author

Apel, W.D., Asch, T., Badea, A.F., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bercuci, A., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P.L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Buitink, S., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Butcher, H., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Kampert, K.H., Kolotaev, Y., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Meurer, C., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Obenland, R., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Petrovic, J., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Risse, A., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Sima, O., Singh, K., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., van Buren, J., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., Zensus, J.A., and Zimmermann, D.

Published
2006
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40. Measuring the radio emission of cosmic ray air showers with LOPES

Author

Schröder, F.G., Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Asch, T., Badea, F., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P.L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S., Cantoni, E., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.-H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Melissas, M., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Oehlschläger, J., Over, S., Palmieri, N., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmidt, A., Sima, O., Singh, K., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J.A.

Published
2010
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41. Demokratie und Media Governance in Europa

Author

Kleinsteuber, H J, Nehls, S, Kleinsteuber, H J ( H J ), Nehls, S ( S ), Meier, W A, Kleinsteuber, H J, Nehls, S, Kleinsteuber, H J ( H J ), Nehls, S ( S ), and Meier, W A

Published
2011

43. A multi-center prospective interventional study for improving medication safety in German nursing homes (AMTS-AMPEL)

Author

Bernard, S, Pietzyk, S, Kulick, M, Nehls, S, Redaèlli, M, Wollny, A, Böhmer, F, Altiner, A, Drewelow, B, Wilm, S, Jaehde, U, and Thürmann, P

Subjects
ddc: 610, health care facilities, manpower, and services, social sciences, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine, humanities
Abstract

Background: The population of elderly people is growing in all industrialised countries, described as the “demographic change”. Although the majority of frail, elderly people, requiring nursing care, are living at home and care is provided by their (usually female) relatives, the total[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 20. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Arzneimittelanwendungsforschung und Arzneimittelepidemiologie

Published
2013
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44. Investigation of the S(500) distribution for large air showers detected with the KASCADE-Grande array

Author

Toma, G., Apel, W. D., Arteaga, J. C., Badea, F., Bekk, K., Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Blumer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Bruggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Cantoni, Elena Carla, Chiavassa, Andrea, Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., Souza, De, DI PIERRO, Federico, Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Finger, M., Fuhrmann, D., Ghia, P. L., Gils, H. J., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Horandel, J. R., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K. H., Kang, D., Kickelbick, D., Klages, H. O., Kolotaev, Y., Luczak, P., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, Hh, . J., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, Gianni Maria, Nehls, S., Oehlschlager, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Pierog, T., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Schroder, F., Sima, O., Stumpert, M., Trinchero, G., Ulrich, H., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., and Zabierowski, J.

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), business.industry, Attenuation, Context (language use), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Charged particle, Computational physics, Optics, KASCADE, Angle of incidence (optics), business, Event (particle physics), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Previous EAS investigations have shown that the charged particle density becomes independent of the primary mass at certain distances from the shower core and can be used as an estimator for the primary energy. In the context of the KASCADE-Grande experiment, the particular distance to shower core at which t his effect takes place is around 500 m, hence the study at this particular distance and the notation S(500) for the charged particle density. It has been shown that S(500) maps the primary energy. We present results of further investigations in this direction. An attenuation correction function can be derived from the S(500) attenuation with the EAS angle of incidence, allowing us to build an all event S(500) spectrum. In view of a future conversion of the recorded S(500) spectrum to the primary energy, based on simulations a calibration of the observed S(500) values with the primary energies has been worked out (in the energy range accessible to the KASCADE-Grande array, 10 16 – 10 18 eV ).

Published
2009

45. Hadronic interactions and EAS muon pseudorapidities investigated with the Muon Tracking Detector in KASCADE-Grande

Author

Zabierowski, J., Apel, W. D., Arteaga, J. C., Badea, F., Bekk, K., Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Blumer, H., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Bruggemann, M., Buch, Holz, Cantoni, Elena Carla, Chiavassa, Andrea, Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., de So uza, DI PIERRO, Federico, Doll, P., Engel, R., Engler, J., Finger, M., Fuhrm, Ann, Ghia, D., P. L., Gils, H. J., Glasstetter, Grupen, R., Haungs, C., Heck, A., Horandel, D., J. R., Huege, Isar, T., P. G., Kampert, K. H., Kang, Kickelbick, D., Klages, D., H. O., Kolotaev, Luczak, Y., Mathes, P., H. J., Ayer, Mm, H. J., Milke, Mitrica, J., Morello, B., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., ehlschl辰ger, O., Ostapchenko, J., Petcu, S., Pierog, M., Rebel, T., Roth, H., Schieler, M., Schr旦der, H., Sima, F., Stumpert, O., Toma, M., Trinc, Hero, G. C., Ulrich, Van, Buren, Walkowiak, J., Weindl, W., Wochele, A., and Wommer, J.

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Meson, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Mean value, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Tracking (particle physics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, KASCADE, Pseudorapidity, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Muon Tracking Detector in the KASCADE-Grande EAS experiment allows the precise measurement of shower muon directions up to 700 m distance from the shower center. This directional information is used to study the pseudorapidity of muons in EAS, closely related to the pseudorapidity of their parent mesons. Moreover, the mean value of muon pseudorapidity in a registered shower reflects the longitudinal development of its hadronic component. All of this makes it a good tool for testing hadronic interaction models. The possibilities of such tests given by the KASCADE-Grande experimental setup are discussed and an example of the obtained muon pseudorapidity spectrum is shown.

Published
2009

47. Air shower radio detection with LOPES

Author

Blumer, J., Apel, W.D., Arteaga, J.C., Asch, T., Auffenberg, J., Badea, F., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P.L., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I.M., Bruggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Buitink, S.J., Butcher, H., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., Souza, V. de, Pierro, F. di, Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H.D.E., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J.R., Horneffer, K.H.A., Huege, T., Isar, P.G., Kampert, K.H., Kickelbick, D., Kolotaev, Y., Kromer, O., Kuijpers, J.M.E., Lafebre, S.J., Luczak, P., Mathes, H.J., Mayer, H.J., Meurer, C., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Oehlschlager, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Petrovic, J., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Sima, O., Singh, K., Stumpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G.C., Ulrich, H., Buren, J. van, Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J.A.

Subjects
Astronomy, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 72639.pdf (Author’s version preprint ) (Open Access) 3 p.

Published
2008

48. Amplified radio emission from cosmic ray air showers in thunderstorms

Author

Buitink, S., Apel, W. D., Asch, T., Badea, F., Bahren, L., Bekk, K., Bercuci, A., Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Biermann, P. L., Blumer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Bruggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Butcher, H., Chiavassa, Andrea, Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Horandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Kampert, K. H., Kolotaev, Y., Kromer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Meurer, C., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, Gianni Maria, Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Obenland, R., Oehlschlager, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Petrovic, J., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Risse, A., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Sima, O., Singh, K., Stumpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Ulrich, H., van Buren, J., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., Zensus, J. A., and Zimmermann, D.

Subjects
Physics, LOPES, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Radiation, Particle acceleration, Air shower, Space and Planetary Science, Electric field, Ionization, Thunderstorm
Abstract

Cosmic ray air showers produce radio emission, consisting in large part of geosynchrotron emission. Since the radiation mechanism is based on particle acceleration, the atmospheric electric field can play an important role. Especially inside thunderclouds large electric fields can be present. We examine the contribution of an electric field to the emission mechanism theoretically and experimentally. Two mechanisms of amplification of radio emission are considered: the acceleration radiation of the shower particles and the radiation from the current that is produced by ionization electrons moving in the electric field. We selected and evaluated LOPES data recorded during thunderstorms, periods of heavy cloudiness and periods of cloudless weather. We find that during thunderstorms the radio emission can be strongly enhanced. No amplified pulses were found during periods of cloudless sky or heavy cloudiness, suggesting that the electric field effect for radio air shower measurements can be safely ignored during non-thunderstorm conditions., Comment: accepted for publication in A&A, 11 pages, 17 figures

Published
2007
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49. Radio detection of cosmic rays with LOPES (LOPES Collaboration)

Author

Grupen,C., Apel,W.D., Asch,T., Badea,A.F., Bähren,L., Bekk,K., Bercuci,A., Bertaina,M., Biermann,P.L., Blümer,J., Bozdog,H., Brancus,I.M., Buitink,S., Brüggemann,M., Buchholz,P., Butcher,H., Chiavassa,A., Cossavella,F., Daumiller,K., Di Pierro,F., Doll,P., Engel,R., Falcke,H., Gemmeke,H., Ghia,P.L., Glasstetter,R., Haungs,A., Heck,D., Hörandel,J.R., Horneffer,A., Huege,T., Kampert,K.H., Kolotaev,Y., Krömer,O., Kuijpers,J., Lafebre,S., Mathes,H.J., Mayer,H.J., Meurer,C., Milke,J., Mitrica,B., Morello,C., Navarra,G., Nehls,S., Nigl,A., Obenland,R., Oehlschläger,J., Ostapchenko,S., Over,S., Petcu,M., Petrovic,J., Pierog,T., Plewnia,S., Rebel,H., Roth,M., Schieler,H., Sima,O., Singh,K., Stümpert,M., Toma,G., Trinchero,G.C., Ulrich,H., van Buren,J., Walkowiak,W., Weindl,A., Wochele,J., Zabierowski,J., Zensus,J.A., and Zimmermann,D.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extensive air shower, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Radio emission, Cosmic rays
Abstract

Data taken with a radio antenna array in combination with the ground-level air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe open up the possibility to measure large extensive air showers with this new technique. The pulse height of the observed radio signals scales with the primary energy of the particles initiating the air shower. The dependence of the radio signal on the angle of the shower axis with respect to the Earth's geomagnetic field and the coherence of the radiation suggest that the radio signal generation is due to the geosynchrotron mechanism.

Published
2006

50. Radio detection of cosmic rays with LOPES

Author

Grupen, C., Asch, T., Badea, A. F., Bahren, L., Bekk, K., Bercuci, A., Bertaina, Mario Edoardo, Biermann, P. L., Blumer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Buitink, S., Bruggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Butcher, H., Chiavassa, Andrea, Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Glasstetter, R., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Horandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Kampert, K. H., Kolotaev, Y., Kromer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Meurer, C., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, Gianni Maria, Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Obenland, R., Oehlschlager, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Petrovic, J., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Risse, A., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Sima, O., Singh, K., Stumpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Ulrich, H., van Buren, J., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., Zensus, J. A., and Zimmermann, D.

Published
2006

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