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Migration is a concept having economic and social dimensions for many countries. Therefore, migration has important effects within the country as well as between countries. This study focused on internal migration, which is defined as the act of moving within the country for any reason. Income is first on the list when we talk about economic factors. Income inequality is the result of unequal distribution of income among a group of people in society. The major objective of this study is to determine the relationship between internal migration and income inequality in Turkey. The relationship between internal migration and income inequality was examined with logistic regression in line with the main purpose of study. Data for 2022 were used in the analysis, taking into account the TURKSTAT NUTS 2 (26 Regions) classification. According to the analysis results, it has been determined that income inequality increases the net migration rate. On the other hand, it has been found that employment and being a secondary school graduate have a reducing effect on the net migration rate. It has also been found that the relationship between labor force participation rate and average household size and internal migration is not statistically significant. The policies for reducing income inequality will have a reducing effect on internal migration. Likewise, increasing the level of education and employment will reduce internal migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current population of Ağrı province is around 510 thousand and with a surface area of approximately 11,100 km² whish located in the east of Turkey. In addition to the central district of Ağrı, which is also the provincial capital, Ağrı includes the districts of Eleşkirt, Doğubayazıt, Tutak, Hamur, Taşlıçay, Diyadin and Patnos. The aim of this study is to reveal the change in the demographic structure in Ağrı province and its reasons with data in the period 2000-2022. TurkStat data were used in the study, and quantitative method was used in this research, which examined the temporal changes of various elements. In recent years, the demographic structure has been changing in Ağrı province, as in the whole country, due to the decrease in total fertility, crude birth and natural increase rate. While the rate of child population is decreasing in the province, the rate of working age and elderly population is increasing. As a matter of fact, according to the results of the 2000 general census, while the child population rate in Ağrı was around 46%, today this rate has decreased to 33%. In the 22-year period, the working age population rate increased from 51.2% to 61.6%, while the elderly population rate increased from 2.7% to 5.4%. In short, while there has been an 13% decrease in the share of the child population in 22 years, there has been an increase of approximately 10.4% in the share of the 15-64 age group and approximately 2.7% increase in the share of the population aged 65+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although elevation is the main determinant of spatial characteristics, it can directly or indirectly affect many geographical elements. For this reason, knowing the elevation of a settlement is an important step in revealing the relationship between settlement and space. In this study, the geographical distribution of population and settlements in Denizli province is discussed in relation to elevation, which is one of the important components of topography. The amount of population and number of settlements according to elevation zones and their geographical distribution have been emphasized. For this purpose, first, 454 settlements in Denizli province were located on the map. Then, calculations were made on the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data to determine the elevations of the settlements. Considering the average elevation of Denizli province, elevation zones were determined by 200 m intervals, and the number of settlements at each zone and their total population were calculated. Considering the highest and lowest elevation settlements, elevation levels were evaluated between 100 m and 1600 m. In addition, the settlements, and the physical map of Denizli province were overlaid on top of each other, thus showing the distribution of settlements according to morphological units. Spatial analyzes were made with the data achieved and the results of the analysis were mapped. According to the analysis, 63.81% of the population in Denizli lives between the 301-500 m zone. The fact that more than half of the population lives in only 5% of the surface area of the province shows that most of the population in Denizli is concentrated in a very small area. The elevation zone with the highest number of settlements in the province is 701-900 m range. In this range, there are 168 settlements in total, constituting 37% of the total settlements. Another elevation level where settlements are concentrated is the 901-1100 m elevation zone with 118 settlements. Therefore, the 700-1100 m zone has 63% of all settlements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ÖZ: Antik Nysa şehri kalıntılarının yakınında bulunan Sultanhisar, günümüzde Aydın iline bağlı ilçelerden biridir. Aydın yöresi XIII. yüzyıl sonlarında Menteşe Bey’in fethiyle Türk hakimiyetine alınmış ve bu bölge Türkmenlerin yoğun olarak yerleştikleri bir bölge haline gelmiştir. İlk kez I. Bayezid’in 1389-90 yılındaki seferiyle Osmanlı hakimiyetine alınan bölge kısa süre sonra Osmanlı hakimiyetinden çıkmış ve XV. yüzyılın ilk yarısında kati bir şekilde Osmanlı egemenliğine alınmıştır. Osmanlı devrinde bölgede XV. ve XVI. yüzyıllar boyunca birkaç kez tahrir işlemi yapılmıştır. Tahrir işlemleri sayesinde bahsi geçen dönemde Sultanhisar kazasının idari ve iktisadi durumuna dair bilgiler elde edilmiş, ayrıca kazadaki tarımsal üretim faaliyetlerine ve diğer vergi gelirleriyle ilgili veriler kayıt altına alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada tahrir defterlerindeki kayıtlardan yola çıkılarak Sultanhisar’ın XV. ve XVI. yüzyıllardaki durumu ele alınacak ve tahrir defterlerindeki veriler değerlendirilecektir. ABSTRACT: Sultanhisar, located near the ruins of the ancient city of Nysa, is one of the districts of Aydın province today. Aydın region was taken under Turkish rule with the conquest of Menteşe Bey at the end of the XIIIth century and this region became a region where Turkmens were settled. The region, which was first taken under Ottoman rule with Bayezid I's campaign in 1389-90, soon fell out of Ottoman rule and was taken under Ottoman rule permanently in the first half of the XVth century. During the Ottoman period, the region was surveyed several times throughout the XVth and XVIth centuries. Thanks to the tahrir records, information on the administrative and economic status of Sultanhisar district in the mentioned period was obtained, as well as data on agricultural production activities and other tax revenues in the district were recorded.In this study, the situation of Sultanhisar in the XVth and XVIth centuries is discussed based on the records in the tahrir books and the data in the tahrir books are discussed.

Yükselti olarak ifade edilen dikey dağılışın önemli coğrafi neticeleri bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle bir yerleşmenin bulunduğu yerin yükseltisinin bilinmesi, yerleşme ve mekân ilişkisinin ortaya konulması adına önemli bir adımdır. Yükseklik, mekânsal özelliklerin temel belirleyicisi olmakla birlikte birçok coğrafi unsuru da doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Denizli ili örneğinde nüfus ve yerleşmelerin coğrafi dağılışı, topografyanın önemli bileşenlerinden yükselti ile ilişkili olarak ele alınmıştır. Yükselti kuşaklarına göre toplam nüfus ve yerleşme sayıları ile bunların dağılışları üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu amaçla öncelikle Denizli ilinde bulunan 454 yerleşme, harita üzerinde konumlandırılmıştır. Daha sonra yerleşmelerin yükseltilerini tespiti etmek için Sayısal Yükselti Modeli verisi üzerinden hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Denizli ilinin ortalama yükseltisi göz önünde bulundurularak yükselti basamakları 200 m arayla belirlenmiş, her kademedeki yerleşme sayıları ve toplam nüfusları hesaplanmıştır. Yükseltisi en yüksek ve en düşük yerleşme dikkate alınarak, yükselti kademeleri 100 m ile 1600 m arasında değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca yerleşmeler ile Denizli ilinin fiziki haritası üst üste çakıştırılmış, böylece yerleşmelerin morfolojik birimlere göre dağılışı gösterilmiştir. Elde edilen verilerle mekânsal analizler yapılmış, analiz sonuçları haritalandırılmıştır. Yapılan analizlere göre Denizli ilinde nüfusun % 63,81’i, 301-500 m aralığında yaşamaktadır. Nüfusun yarıdan fazlasının il yüzölçümün sadece %5’lik bir kısmında yaşaması, Denizli ilinde nüfusun büyük bir çoğunluğunun oldukça dar bir alanda yoğunlaştığını göstermektedir. İlde bulunan yerleşmelerin sayıca en fazla yoğunlaştığı yükselti basamağı 701-900 m aralığıdır. Bu aralıkta 168 yerleşme olup, toplam yerleşmelerin %37’sini oluşturmaktadır. Yerleşmelerin toplandığı başka bir yükselti basamağı 118 yerleşme ile 901-1100 m kademesidir. Dolayısıyla 700-1100 m aralığı, bütün yerleşmelerin %63’üne sahiptir.

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sultanhisar, located near the ruins of the ancient city of Nysa, is one of the districts of Aydın province today. Aydın region was taken under Turkish rule with the conquest of Menteşe Bey at the end of the XIII th century and this region became a region where Turkmens were settled The region, which wasfirst taken under Ottoman rule with Bayezidl's campaign in 1389-90, soon fell out of Ottoman rule and was taken under Ottoman rule permanently in the first-half of the XVth century. During the Ottoman period, the region was surveyed several times throughout the XVth andXVIth centuries. Thanks to the tahrir records, information on the administrative and economic status of Sultanhisar district in the mentioned period was obtained, as well as data on agricultural production activities and other tax revenues in the district were recordedln this study, the situation of Sultanhisar in the XVth and XVIth centuries is discussed based on the records in the tahrir books and the data in the tahrir books are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Akçakoca, which constitutes the study area, is a province of Düzce and is located in the Western Black Sea coastal zone. Akçakoca district has a surface area of 380 km². In Akçakoca district, which is surrounded by natural borders, the slope generally increases from west to east and from north to south. The district is connected to important megapolis and metropolis such as Istanbul and Ankara via the TEM highway via Düzce. In the study, rural settlements of the Akçakoca district were examined from a geographical perspective. While it is an important resource for different fields by evaluating the results obtained, it also contributed to the updating of existing information. Data sources of the study; it was obtained from field studies conducted at regular intervals, electronic media, and official institutions and organizations. The resulting results were processed with various programs and supported with tables, graphs, and maps. The main subject of the study is the 43 village settlements of the district. Most of these village settlements were established below 100 m. altitude. It has been determined that the elevation levels of the villages in the study area are relatively evenly distributed. Villages are generally located at the edge of the forest, on the slope, by the river, and by the intercity road. While 20 of the village settlements are collective, 23 are dispersed. Economic activities in village settlements are shaped around agriculture, animal husbandry and tourism activities. The minimum population in the villages in the study area is 97 people and the highest is 736 people. The rate of villages with a population of 200-300 was determined as 41,86%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of International Journal of Management Academy is the property of Uluslararasi Yonetim Akademisi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the Ottoman period, the first population census in a modern sense was conducted in 1831 with the aim of determining the number of soldiers and collecting taxes. This census only recorded the male population and aimed to address various tax inequalities and determine the number of Muslim men eligible for military service. In 1844, a census was conducted that included the female population. The last population census in the Ottoman Empire was conducted in 1914, revealing a total population of 18,520,016, with 15,044,846 Muslims and 3,475,170 non-Muslims. Erzurum Vilayet, consisting of the sancaks of Erzurum, Erzincan, and Beyazıt, accounted for 4.4% of the total population. Subsequent to wars, territorial losses, and migrations, significant demographic changes occurred, rendering the existing population data obsolete. With the establishment of the Republic, there arose a need to ascertain the country's population potential for planning and policymaking purposes. To this end, a directive was issued on April 25, 1926, through decree number 3517, leading to the establishment of the General Directorate of Statistics under the Prime Ministry. On June 2, 1926, a bill was presented to the parliament with the objective of determining the size and characteristics of the country's population. Following deliberations, the bill was accepted and passed into law. After completing the necessary preparations, the general population census took place on October 28, 1927, yielding essential information about various aspects of the country, including its social, cultural, and economic dimensions. In summary, this study provided information about the administrative structure of Erzurum Vilayet and the demographic characteristics throughout its historical development. It analyzed statistical results from the 1927 population census, shedding light on Erzurum Vilayet's population size, gender and age distribution, education levels, occupational profiles, ethnic composition, language usage, religious affiliations, marital status, and health status. These findings contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the region's demographics during that era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the relative development of the population of the District of Polatlı during the Republic Period. It also considers how change occurred in the neighborhood according to the spatial distribution of the population. This population is assessed in the study in terms of numbers, rate of increase, rural and urban conditions, age and gender structure, and the change of population density, according to neighborhood, due to twenty-five years of migration. The socioeconomic status of the population is also evaluated. Population figures in Polatlı between 1935 and 1960 were obtained from printed documents published by the State Institute of Statistics (SIS), and from data gathered from general censuses taken by TurkStat between 1965 and 2000. Data between 2010 and 2022 was obtained from the TurkStat (TurkStat, 2023) Address Based Population Registration System (ABPRS). The quantitative data obtained was converted into charts using the Excel program and supported with graphics. Population density according to neighborhood was analyzed using the "Kernel Density Method", and maps were produced made using the program: ArcGIS 10.9. Due to consistent yearly population increase in Polatlı, as well as the district playing an increasingly important role in terms of the military, education, transportation, agriculture, industry, and trade, Polatlı has achieved provincial standards in socioeconomic terms. It is believed that the district will attract more immigrants in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Global population growth is increasing the pressure on water resources day by day. At the same time, changes in land use, especially due to increased urbanization, affect hydrological processes. Considering both population and urbanization, the management of water resources with the right planning becomes inevitable. In this study, the worst-case scenario was handled and it was investigated how much more the city could meet its water needs if the drinking water treatment plants in the provinces of Istanbul, Ankara and Kocaeli were operating at full capacity. In the analyzes handled with the current water losses, the population projections and the future change in the per capita water need are revealed. According to the results obtained, it was determined that when the existing drinking water treatment plants in Istanbul are used at full capacity, there may be water shortages in 2039. Under the same conditions, it was determined that Ankara would not be able to meet its water needs in 2036. In Kocaeli, it was determined that in 2031, the existing facilities will be insufficient for the water demand. The results of the study showed that the necessary measures should be taken immediately for the water crisis, which is expected to be one of the most important problems of our country in the future.

Bu çalışmada Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nin Dicle Bölümü’nde yer alan Siirt ilinde nüfusun ve yerleşmelerin yükselti kademelerine göre nasıl bir dağılış gösterdiği incelenmiştir. Siirt ili topoğrafya özellikleri bakımından kısa mesafelerde büyük farklılıklar göstermektedir. Siirt ilinin yerleşme ve nüfus özelliklerine bakıldığında topoğrafik yapıya uygun bir çeşitliliğe sahip olduğu ve nüfusun oldukça dengesiz bir şekilde dağılış gösterdiği anlaşılmıştır. Cumhuriyet döneminden günümüze kadar Siirt ilinde nüfus artışı değişkenlik göstermiş olup, nüfusun bazen belirgin bir şekilde arttığı bazen de keskin düşüşler yaşadığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu durumun en önemli sebepleri arasında yerleşmelerin yapısal özelliklerinin farklılaşması, göçler ve ilin idari taksimatında meydana gelen değişimler yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) kullanılarak Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu’nun (TUİK) 2021 yılına ait nüfus verileri ışığında yerleşmelerin yükselti basamaklarına göre nasıl bir dağılış gösterdiği ele alınıp sınıflandırılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler neticesinde Siirt ilinde yerleşmelerin genellikle yükseltinin az olduğu sahalarda yoğunlaştığı anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca sahada hem yerleşme sayısı hem de nüfus miktarı bakımından 410 ila 1250 metre yükselti basamakları arasında bir kümelenme gözlenmiştir. Öte yandan Siirt ilinde 2000 metrenin üstündeki alanlarda yerleşme sayısı ve nüfus miktarında kayda değer bir düşüş görülmektedir. Bunun yanında sahada bazı yerleşimlerin, coğrafi koşulların oluşturduğu dezavantaja rağmen engebeli ve yüksek kesimlerde konumlandığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Sonuç olarak Siirt ilinde nüfus ve yerleşme bakımından farklılıkların oluşmasında iklim, topoğrafya, ziraat ve hayvancılık faaliyetlerinin oldukça etkili olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.

Kiğı Sanjak was among the classical Ottoman sanjaks subject to the province of Diyarbekir in 1514 within the Ottoman provincial organization. After being under the rule of the Karakoyunlu, Akkoyunlu and Safavid states respectively, Kiğı and its vicinity joined the Ottoman administration together with other sanjaks in the region after the War of Chaldiran between the Safavid State and the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Yavuz Sultan Selim. Until 1535, Kiğı Sanjak, which was affiliated to the Governor of Diyarbekir, was connected to the Governor of Erzurum with the establishment of the Governor of Erzurum in 1535. Due to its regional geographical features, Kiğı Sanjak was a sanjak that served as a living space for some tribes and communities. As a matter of fact, according to the 1518-1523 cadastral record books of Kiğı Sanjak, Shadlu, Disimlü, Abu Taliblü, Rükneddin, Okculu and İlbeğlü communities and tribes were located within the borders of the sanjak and each community had its own villages. In 1553, although the Abu Taliblü, Okculu, Shadlu and Rükneddin communities continued to exist in the sanjak, there is no data on the Disimlü community. As a matter of fact, this should be an indication that this community settled in a different sanjak or district. When the 1642 data is analyzed, it is determined that there are serious differences regarding the tribes and communities in Kiğı. In this context, in addition to the Disimlu and Shadlu communities, Suveydi, Çoburlu, Kara Çorlu, and Gamur/Kamur, whose traces were not found in Kiğı between 1518-1553, were recorded within the borders of the sanjak at this date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Population growth has a significant impact on a country's economy. The importance of the relationship between population growth and economic growth is accepted by both growth theorists and development economists. However, the literature has no consensus on the relationship between population and economic growth. There are three different views on this issue. Some researchers argue that population positively affects economic growth, while others argue that the effect is negative. In some studies, no correlation was found between these two variables. In this article, the long-term and short-term correlation between population and economic growth, including life expectancy, inflation, and capital formation variables, is analyzed with ARDL bounds test analysis using annual data for the period 1968-2019, based on the case of Turkey. According to the research findings, while the population in Turkey affects economic growth negatively in the short term, it has a positive effect in the long term. The life expectancy and capital formation affect economic growth positively in the short and long run but the inflation variable has a negative effect in the long run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Osmanli Arastirmalari is the property of Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Centre for Islamic Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Universal History Studies is the property of Sabit Dokuyan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When the Republic of Turkey was founded, the population in the country was rapidly decreasing due to adverse sanitary conditions and many infectious diseases, especially malaria. This was not in line with the economic, national, and social objectives of the founding elites. Being aware of this situation, the founders of the state started sanitary and social geography studies in provinces before the republic was established, made the population issue their basic policy and launched a national struggle to increase the population and make it healthy. In this process, the founders used education as a tool, which is the most effective way to reach children, which they considered the main channel of modernization. Revised curricula and related textbooks gained an important place in this struggle. However, the fight against malaria, namely sanitation, formed an aspect of modernization by associating it with issues related to the new order targeted by the revolution, such as the teaching of civilized principles and the distancing from superstitions. At this point, teachers were brought to a key point and played an active role in the fight against malaria, especially in the villages. This struggle found a place more in the curriculum of primary schools, which were given more importance in the Early Republican Period compared to middle and high schools. The malaria fight was most commonly included in the 1926 curriculum among the four curricula for primary schools between 1923 and 1948. The elites who directed the education emphasized the national and civil aspect of the struggle by taking part in the malaria fight not in courses of Tabiat Tedkiki, Ziraat, Hıfzıssıhha (Nature Studies, Agriculture and Sanitation), but in the course called Musahabat-ı Ahlakiye ve Malumat-ı Vataniye (Civics). However, the visibility of the malaria fight in education gradually decreased until 1948.

ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes Michel Foucault’s theorisation on life, body and population in referring to the concepts of biopolitics and sexuality. In doing so, the paper puts critical attention to the relation between the rationality of politics and power. Tracing this relationship, the paper basically develops a conceptual framework in which truth and discursive practices of the truth regime gain strategic and operational position to produce social norms and to impose these norms on the idealisations of population and human-subjects. By the end of this paper, this conceptual analysis offers a way through which the subject formation and biopolitical subjectivity are clarified. Relying on this new way, this paper puts forward that biopolitics with its mechanisms and instruments is a perspective in order to reveal power relations and political regulations in general; and is a light to realize boundaries of different sexualities. This analysis ends by questioning the resistance, counteract and power relations in the light of these concepts. ÖZ: Bu makale, biyopolitika ve cinsellik kavramlarına gönderme yaparak Michel Foucault'nun yaşam, beden ve nüfus üzerine kuramlamasını incelemektedir. Bunu yaparken, makale siyasetin rasyonalitesi ile iktidar arasındaki ilişkiye ciddi bir dikkat göstermektedir. İzini sürdüğü bu ilişkiile makale esasında hakikatin ve hakikat rejiminin söylemsel pratiklerinin sosyal normlar üretmek için ve bu normları nüfus ve insan-özne idealleştirmelerine dayatmak için stratejik ve operasyonel konum elde ettiği bir kavramsal bir çerçeve geliştirmektedir. Makalenin sonunda, bu kavramsal analiz, özne oluşumu ve biyopolitik öznelliğin açıklığa kavuşturulması için bir yol sunmaktadır. Bu alternatif yoldan ilerleyerek, makale biyopolitikanın mekanizmaları ve araçlarıyla genel olarak iktidar ilişkilerini ve siyasi düzenlemeleri ortaya çıkaran bir perspektif ve farklı cinselliklerin hadlarını fark etmek için aydınlatıcı bir kavram olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Makale bu analiz ışığında direniş, karşı koyma ve iktidar ilişkilerinin sorgulanmasıyla sona ermektedir.

Copyright of Journal of Social Sciences Research / Sosyal Bilimler Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Kyustendil is a city in southwestern Bulgaria today. Bulgaria is located at the intersection of Serbia and Macedonia. Kyustendil was a Balkan city captured by Sultan Murad the First in 1372 without entering into war. Konstantin, who declared his allegiance to the Ottomans, ruled the location. Shortly after he died in 1395, the city became starboard of Rumelia. The 15th century was when Kyustendil started to gain its identity as a Turkish-Islamic city. Significant developments in architecture and public works took place in this century. This situation was influential in the city’s population growth as understood from the cadastral record books of the 15th century. By the end of the 16th century, the cadastral record books were replaced by the extraordinary tax record books. Although these record books do not provide as much descriptive data on the demographical and settlement characteristics as the cadastral record books for historical research, they give light to the present time in these areas by their various qualities such as exquisiteness and conciseness. In this study, the villages and neighborhoods connected to Kyustendil (Ilıca), Radomir, and Sirisnik counties under the Kyustendil Starboard in 1695 will be evaluated in terms of population-based on extra-ordinary tax record books. These record books will be compared with the book dated 1668, later found to be the previous extraordinary tax record book. Muslim and non-Muslim populations living in the neighborhoods and villages connected to the city center will be identified, and a comparative ratio will be specified between these two items. In this way, the religious structure of the population will be outlined. Civil and military people of residential areas will be identified and their rate in the city’s total population will be analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty / ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Abant Social Sciences / Abant Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Journal of Abant Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the most important indicators of economic development is environmental quality. One of the most important sources of environmental pollution and climate change is greenhouse gas emissions. In this work, a new approach based on Gene Expression Programming (GEP) was used to forecast greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions depending on energy consumption, economic development (GDP), and population. The reliability of the GEP model was determined using several statistical indicators. In the relationship between energy consumption-GDP- population and GHG emissions, R2, MAPE, and RMSE values were found as 0.99337, 0.06987, and 7.1355, respectively. Sensitivity analysis seen that energy consumption have the highest effect on greenhouse gas emissions. The results obtained, it is showing that Gene Expression Programming can be successfully used to model greenhouse gas emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Social Sciences / Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Afyon Kocatepe University (AKU) Sosyal Bilimler Enstitusu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu çalışmanın amacı, İsrail’in kurulması ve varlığını sürdürmesi noktasında temel taşlardan biri olan “nüfus/demografi” olgusunun günümüzde aldığı halin, İsrail politikası üzerinde hâlihazırda ve yakın gelecekte yaratığı/yaratabileceği ihtimalleri analiz etmektir. Siyonizm’in ilk dönemlerinden itibaren misyon edindiği Filistin’de kurulacak devletin demografik anlamda çoğunluğu sağlama amacına (Yahudi karakterde bir devlet) ulaşmış olmasına rağmen 2018-2019 yılı İsrail nüfus verileri ışığında bu olgunun değişmeye başladığı ve yakın gelecekte bütün Filistin bölgesi göz önüne alındığında, Filistinli (Arap) nüfusunun Yahudi nüfusunu geçeceği tahmin edilmektedir. İsrail devletinin oluşumu ve varlığını sürdürme noktasında temel taşlarından biri olan devletin demografik anlamda Yahudi çoğunluğunu sağlama ve koruma misyonu tehdit altındadır. Bu minvalde çalışma, devletin ulusal güvenliğiyle bağlantılı nüfus olgusunda yaşanan değişim sonucu İsrail, devletin Yahudi karakterini korumak için hem vatandaşlık temsilinde hem de devletin sınırları noktasında Yahudileştiğini iddia etmektedir. Bu noktada “Yüzyılın Anlaşması” ve “Yahudi Ulus Devleti Yasası” gibi gelişmeler, Arap nüfusundaki artışın yükünü kaldırmakta zorlanan devletin hem fiziksel/sınır hem de vatandaşlık manasında bir homojenleşmeye (Yahudileşme) gittiğinin ve kendisini keskin bir şekilde Filistinlilerden soyutlama isteğinin göstergeleridir. Bu çerçevede çalışma, tarihsel olarak İsrail’in nüfus politikası ve günümüz verileri ışığında İsrail’in nüfus sorununa eğilmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Bu çalışmada zaman itibariyle oldukça kozmopolit bir yapıdan homojen bir toplum yapısına geçen Van’ın yaşamış olduğu değişimin neden ve nasıl olduğunu tespit etmek amaçlandı. Bu amacı gerçekleştirirken Van’ın nüfus yapısıyla ilgili hem Osmanlı hem de başta Rusya olmak üzere dış devletlerin çalışmaları değerlendirilmeye alındı. Özellikle Rus Dış İşleri Arşivi’nden elde edilen raporların Osmanlı verileriyle mukayesesi sonucunda ortaya çıkan olgular titizlikle incelenmekle beraber bu dönemde meydana gelen siyasi ve politik olaylar da göz önünde bulundurularak nesnel verilere ulaşılmaya çalışıldı. Resmi yayınların da kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, dış devletlerin daha çok etnisite üzerinden Van’ın demografik yapısını değerlendirmesine karşın Osmanlı Devleti’nin din üzerinden nüfus yapısını irdelediği görüldü. Cumhuriyet’in ilanıyla birlikte daha detaylı çalışmalarla oransal bazda Van’ın demografik yapısı tespit edilmeye çalışıldı. Van’ın toplum yapısından kaynaklı olarak elde edilen verilerle kesin rakamlara ulaşma zorluğu ön planda tutuldu. Cinsiyet, medeni hal, yaş dağılımı, meslekler, din ve etnik unsurlar bakımından çok yönlü olarak yaptığımız çalışmada Van toplumunun 1914-1945 yılları arasında oldukça fazla değişkenliğe uğradığı gözlemlendi. Özellikle Merkez Kaza’da yaşanan değişmelerin tam anlamıyla yeniden doğuş şeklinde yaşandığını söylemek yanlış olmaz diye düşünmekteyiz. Bu bakımından yapılacak okumaların yaşanan toplumsal değişmenin ne denli keskin olduğunu Van özelinde okuyucuya aktarmayı umut ediyoruz.

Bu çalışmanın amacı Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in uyguladığı politikaların altyapısını, Avrathisarı Kazası örneğinden tespit etmektir. Sultan Abdülhamid, amcası Abdülaziz ve ağabeyi Murad’ın tahtan indirilmelerinden kısa süre sonra padişah olmuştur. Saltanata giden süreçte kendisine bu yolu açanların şartlarına evet demesine rağmen, iktidara geldiğinde kendi politikalarını hayata geçirmeye çalışmıştır. Tanzimat reformlarının aksine Babıali’yi değil Saray’ı yönetim merkezine taşımıştır. Yönetim merkezinin Tanzimat öncesi gibi saraya kaydırılması ve kendi bürokratik kadrolarını oluşturması Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in müstebit, devrinin de istibdat dönemini olarak anılmasına yol açmıştır. Oysa Sultan’ın ilk talimatlarından birisi, Yıldız’dan idare edeceği ülkenin ihtiyaçlarını ve imkânlarını tespit etmektir. Taşradan gelen yazılarda vilayet, sancak ve kaza bazında ihtiyaçlar belirtildiği gibi, ihtiyaçları finanse edecek veya Sultan’ın eli kolu olabilecek halkın ileri gelenleri de listelenmiştir. Yine bu minvalde Abdülhamid’in üzerinde önemle durduğu ülke nüfusu da Sultan’ın bilgi talep ettiği öncelikli alanlardan birisidir. Çalışmada, Sultan II. Abdülhamid’in Osmanlı vilayetlerinden talep ettiği ve yönetimi esnasında üreteceği politikaların altyapısını oluşturan envanterler, Osmanlı Arşiv belgelerine dayalı olarak tahlil edilmiştir.

In this article, the historical background of the Armenian population in Russia, and their demographic structure were analyzed. The main sources of this research are the census results in 1926, 1939, 1959, 1970, 1979 and 1989 during the Soviet Period and the censuses carried out in 2002 and 2010 during the Russian Federation Period. These census results provide information about the total population of Armenians who live in Russia, their settlements, gender ratio, marital status, spoken languages and levels of education. This research aims to give detailed information about the demographic structure of Armenians officially living in Russia in the scope of these census results. As a result of this study, it is understood that the Armenian population was estimated at 195,410 in the first census which was conducted in the Soviet period in 1926. The Armenian population, which has increased yearly, reached 532,390 according to the 1989 census results. During the Soviet Period, the majority of Armenians had been living in urban regions. In addition, considering gender statistics, the number of males has been larger than females. In 2002, the first census of the Russian Federation, the Armenian population was recorded as 1,130,491. The majority of Armenians were living in big cities and the southern regions of the country. 904,892 out of 1,130,491 Armenians could speak Armenian, and 1,113,215 could speak Russian. According to census results in 2010, Armenians in Russia were estimated at 1,182,388. 816,375 of them were residing in urban areas, and 366,013 of them were living in rural areas. When the gender composition is considered, it is observed that 638,479 are male and 543,909 are female. Of the 1,182,388 Armenians, 1,165,256 can speak Russian. When the education level of the population is examined, it is seen that 212,690 people have higher education, 245,492 people have secondary education, 111,902 people have basic education, and 34,360people have primary education level based on data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish History Education Journal (TUHED) is the property of Ahmet Simsek and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mavi Atlas is the property of Mavi Atlas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cumhuriyet Döneminin en yoğun göç hareketi, 1923 yılında gerçekleştirilen Türk-Yunan halklarının karşılıklı değişimidir. Lozan Görüşmeleri sırasında kabul edilen mübadele protokolünün 1 Mayıs 1923’ten itibaren uygulanırlığı kabul edilmiş ve bu süreç içinde, Batı Trakya hariç, Yunanistan’daki Müslümanların Türkiye’ye göçürülmesi, Ortodoks Osmanlı vatandaşlarının da Yunanistan’a göçürülmesi karşılıklı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu değişimin sonucu Yunanistan ve Balkanlardan gelen göçmenlerin malları ve iskânına ilişkin olarak çıkartılmış olan kanun gereği, mübadil olarak tanımlanan göçmenler ile mülteciler, Rumların bıraktıkları evlere, topraklara, Anadolu’dan giden Rumlar da Türklerin bıraktıkları ev ve mülklere yerleşmişlerdir. Türkiye’ye gelmeden önce Yunanistan’daki fanatikler ve Balkan devletlerinin homojen ulus yaratma çabaları nedeniyle birçok sıkıntılar yaşayan mübadiller, özellikle 1924 yılından itibaren yapılan yerleşimlerinde yeni sorunlarla karşılaştılar. Göçmenlerin çoğunluğu yeni yerlerine uyum sağlayıp, üretici konuma geçene kadar yoksulluk çektiler. Bazı göçmenler de iskân edildikleri yerleri terk ederek yaşamlarını başka yerlerde sürdürdüler. Bu çalışma mübadele kapsamında Denizli’ye 1924 yılından itibaren gelen göçmenlerin yerleşimleri sırasında yaşadıkları yerleşme sorunlarını, yer değiştirme çabalarını, Hükûmet’in iskân politikası sırasında göçmenlerle yaşanan olayları incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma sırasında yazılı kaynaklar ve Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi belgeleri kullanılarak Denizli’ye gelen göçmenlerin üretici konuma geçene kadar olan süreçte yaşadıkları gelişmeler incelenecektir.

Human capital is considered as one of the most important factors in explaining development differences between countries, and as a unique source of long-run permanent economic growth. Therefore, increasing the accumulation of human capital has become an extremely important mission for economies. Theoretical and empirical literature emphasizes that public expenditures can play an important role in increasing human capital accumulation. Therefore, in this study, the effect of public expenditures on human capital accumulation for the case of Turkey was analyzed. Besides per capita income, unemployment and population variables were also included in the estimated model since they are considered as important determinants of human capital accumulation in the literature. Annual data for the period 1960-2019 were used in the analysis. The long-run cointegration relationship between the variables was determined and the long-run cointegration coefficients were obtained by applying FMOLS, DOLS and CCR estimators. Results show that public expenditures negatively affect human capital accumulation. Similarly, the increase in unemployment negatively affects human capital. However, per capita income and population are helpful to promote human capital. Probable causes of empirical outputs for the case of Turkey are further discussed in the study and policy strategies are recommended accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]