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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social, behavioral, and cognitive impairments. Several comorbidities, including gastrointestinal (GI) dysregulations, are frequently reported in ASD children. Although studies in animals have shown the crucial role of the microbiota in key aspects of neurodevelopment, there is currently no consensus on how the alteration of microbial composition affects the pathogenesis of ASD. Moreover, disruption of the gut–brain axis (GBA) has been reported in ASD although with limited studies conducted on the Mediterranean population. In our study, we aimed to investigate gut microbiota composition in Lebanese ASD subjects, their unaffected siblings, and a control group from various regions in Lebanon using the 16 S-rRNA sequencing (NGS). Our study revealed a lower abundance of Turicibacter and a significant enrichment on Proteobacteria in the ASD and siblings' groups compared to the controls, indicating that gut microbiota is probably affected by dietary habits, living conditions together with host genetic factors. The study also showed evidence of changes in the gut microbiome of ASD children compared to their siblings and the unrelated control. Bacteroidetes revealed a lower abundance in the ASD group compared to controls and siblings, conversely, Catenibacterium and Tenericutes revealed an increased abundance in the ASD group. Notably, our study identifies alterations in the abundance of Turicibacter and Catenibacterium in ASD children suggesting a possible link between these bacterial taxa and ASD and contributing to the growing body of evidence linking the microbiome to ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, there has been worldwide growing interest on profiling the human fertility of populations because there has been a noticeable global decline in fertility rate, leading to increased attention toward reproductive health and fertility. The decline in fertility of population of the Arab World was investigated for the 10 years period between 2011–2021. The Arab World was classified into three regional blocks; Block-1 Arabian Peninsula countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Yemen. Block-2 Fertile Crescent Arab countries: Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, West Bank and Gaza. Block-3 African Arab countries: Algeria, Comoros, Djibouti, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia. Data on fertility rates for the 10 years period between 2011–2021 were collected from the World Bank for Arab countries. Statistical analysis along with decline in the fertility rates were determined. Results: Fertility rates varied across Arab countries in 2011 and 2021, with notable decline ranging from 24.3% to 3.8%, except for Algeria, with zero decline. Countries that exhibited significant decline were Jordan (24.3%) followed by Iraq (22.2%) then Yemen (19.1%); Whereas, countries that exhibited slight fertility decline were Libya (3.8%), followed by Tunisia (4.5%), Lebanon (4.5%) and Kuwait (4.5%). On another note, lowest fertility rate was observed in UAE as maintained between 1.7% and 1.5% and the highest fertility rate was observed in Somalia as maintained between 7.3% and 6.3% for 2011 and 2021 respectively. Conclusion: The present study reveals the declining-trend in fertility rate across Arab countries, influenced by variable factors. Therefore, we recommend to the Council of the Health Ministries in the Arab-League to focus on investigating the fertility decline as an important parameter for public health in the Arab world to maintain natural balanced fertility rate. As some non-biological factors surrounding the Arabian region, such as instability, war, migration, the present study did not aim to include the influence of war and migration on fertility because both war and migration are non-biological external factors and both are not among the WHO criteria for fertility determination which based of the population growth rate of population under normal living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in severe, permanent functional changes and has become a global health priority due to its high incidence, cost, and disability rate. Current national epidemiological data on SCI in China are limited and outdated. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive, national cross-sectional investigation of SCI epidemiology in China. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3055 SCI participants aged 8 to 78 years, conducted from May to September 2023. Data collected encompassed demographic characteristics, employment status, etiology, years lived with disability (YLD), family structure, caregiving status, income, health insurance, paralysis type, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Descriptive statistics analyses were used to assess demographic and injury characteristics. Group differences were assessed using t-tests, one-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Significant factors were examined using multivariate regression analysis. Results: The majority (88.9%) of respondents were aged 15 to 59 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.36:1. Car accidents caused 45.4% of tetraplegia cases, falls caused 35.9% of paraplegia cases, and myelitis was the leading cause of non-traumatic SCI. Among paraplegia participants, 65.5% had complete SCI, while 53.1% of tetraplegia participants had incomplete SCI. Functional improvement was reported by 9.58% of participants. Half (50.3%) of the respondents were unemployed, and 75% had incomes below the national average. HRQoL was significantly lower in the SCI population compared to controls, mainly influenced by injury site, income, age and etiology (p < 0.05). Conclusions: SCI participants in China exhibit low HRQoL and reemployment rates. Accessible community and vocational rehabilitation programs, alongside robust public medical services, are essential for enhancing reemployment and HRQoL among SCI participants, reducing the overall disease burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2017, the Landless Workers Movement (MST) institutionalised a lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) collective as part of its representative claims on behalf of the marginalised. This study explains the conditions preceding such representation and how this is now negotiated by the MST and its members in the context of land justice in Brazil. In addition, it discusses the construction of peasant and LGBT as bounded political identities. The argument presented is that the coupling of peasant and LGBT representations relies on a convergence of events happening locally and globally, which – in addition to granting the MST important representational value – has resulted in improved living conditions for sexual and gender minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The nutritional status of seasonal migrant agricultural workers is negatively affected by problems with working conditions, wages, accommodations, and living conditions. This study aimed to investigate the living conditions, dietary habits, and food consumption frequency of seasonal migrant agricultural workers in Turkey. Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in July and August 2022 in the neighborhoods of Akçadağ district in Malatya Province, Turkey. The sample of the study consisted of 262 seasonal migrant agricultural workers aged 15 and over who came to the region for the apricot harvest. The data were obtained using the face-to-face interview technique via a two-part questionnaire including questions on socio-demographic characteristics, living conditions, dietary behaviors and food consumption frequency. Results: The mean age of the seasonal migrant agricultural workers was 24.16 ± 0.75, and they worked 12.01 ± 0.10 hours per day on average. It was determined 74.8% of the workers had access to clean water, and 50.4% did not think they had an adequate and balanced diet. It was found only 57.3% of the workers had a normal body mass index, 80.2% never ate fish, 53.8% never ate red meat, and 67.2% never drank milk, while only 34.4% were able to eat seasonal vegetables. Conclusion: The findings of the study show that seasonal migrant agricultural workers in Turkey do not have suitable conditions in terms of food and accommodations, and their working conditions, wages, and health conditions are inadequate. These deficiencies have a negative effect on workers' quality of life and health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lake Sevan is a freshwater reservoir in the Caucasus region. Since the first half of the 20th century, the lake has undergone significant changes caused by human activity and anthropogenic pressure. To identify the current ecological state of two bays—Lchashen and Lichk—located in different parts of the lake, a study was conducted in 2022–2023 using a multi-biomarker approach. For this purpose, biomarkers for assessing the health status of fish and the quality of their living conditions were used such as the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the concentration of reduced glutathione (RGS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and gills of the whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus Linnaeus, 1758). In addition, hydrochemical and ichthyological analyses were conducted. This study demonstrated seasonal dynamics for all biomarkers. Comparative analysis of biomarkers and hydrochemical and ichthyological data showed that the whitefish in Lchashen Bay is in worse health, and its living conditions there are less favorable than in Lichk Bay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the emancipation, the African-Americans come to recognize the necessity of rebuilding their identity and redefining their blackness. This recognition is seemingly motivated by their post-civil war need to demolish the negative stereotypes long established and believed about them, change the American cultural context and enhance their living conditions. Taking into consideration its performative role and discursive nature, the African-American writers arrive to make an exceptional use of collective memory and its genuine narratives in order to recast their unique identity. As it has formerly been noticed, the process of collective remembering follows three major steps that are: construction, reconstruction and deconstruction. No doubt, these techniques have helped to condemn the lingering racist practices and their destructive outcomes, provide a more accurate conception of blackness and ultimately transcend the earlier established blacks' image into another one which is strong, innovative and full of possibilities. The theoretical background of this research will subsequently be applied on a number of Toni Morrison's novels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) demands an increased focus on investing in young children as a pivotal solution. Many of the SDGs' targeted solutions directly or indirectly address facets of children's living conditions, aiming to foster their social and emotional well‐being. However, the current approach, while successful in delivering some impacts, are often disjointed. In this article, we contend that nurturing socially and emotionally healthy citizens of the future requires a comprehensive, systems‐contextual approach, moving beyond one‐sided focused solutions. A multiple and cross‐sectional approach to the SDGs, targeting potentially modifiable determinants of human capability through families, schools, and communities will enable a nurturing and stable system to be developed and ensure the next generation of children is better prepared to lead lives that are safe, healthy, and responsible. We examine the theoretical and empirical basis for a direct focus on children and young people and explore the criteria that need to be met for such an approach to work. Barriers and enablers for change on a global scale and directions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Rural Observatory System (ROS) was established in Madagascar to address the lack of socioeconomic data on rural areas. It collected, analyzed, and disseminated data to help formulate and evaluate development policies. From 1995 to 2015, the ROS surveyed a total of 26 areas. The ROS methodology involved annual household panel surveys using consistent questionnaires supplemented by modules covering new themes. Qualitative community surveys were used to understand local features and dynamics. The site selection combined quantitative and qualitative insights to reflect the diversity of Madagascar's rural challenges. Quality control was comprehensive, with measures such as limiting the number of daily surveyor interviews and daily field supervision. By making this data available for 21 consecutive years, along with documentation, metadata, and code with analysis examples, we aim to facilitate their discovery, assessment, and understanding by researchers, policymakers, and social organizations. To our knowledge, this is the only available data for an in-depth analysis of the situation and trends in the rural areas of Madagascar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arab Journal for Scientific Publishing is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Georgian documentary film making has a rather rich tradition. The stated thesis is confirmed by the first full length documentary film "Akaki's trip to Racha-Lechkhumi" recognized all over the world (1912, Director Vasil Amashukeli). Origination of the documentary film in Georgia is solely connected with the name of Vasil Amashukeli. A history started earlier in 1908 continues exitance in propagandistic tongs resulted by the Soviet occupation of 1921. Surely, the sovietisized Georgian documentary film making was not able to avoid the dictate's influence. Ideologized news films were reflecting interpretated reality, which, in fact, had no any connection with the political, economic and cultural processes happening in the socius. Holidays, parades, urban development, agricultural achievements, industry and production - all this was delivered to the mass in the form of a documentary film and created ideal demonstration of the Soviet living conditions. However, despite of repressions Georgian authors managed to create the material carrying definite visual and content-related values that for the contemporary society with a definite accuracy revives daily routines of that period, challenges existing in front of the country, socioeconomic background, political processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractEco-Schools is the world’s largest sustainable school program. Drawing on biopolitical theory and fieldwork conducted in Rwanda, South Africa, Sweden and Uganda, this article explores and compares how Eco-Schools is enacted in contexts marked by widely differing socio-economic living conditions. Attention is drawn to the biopolitical rationalities and techniques through which Eco-Schools is rendered operable and to how the program’s peculiar combination of global standardization and flexible adaptation to context enables differentiation. The analysis demonstrates how poor students become educated for micro-entrepreneurial subsistence and community self-reliance, whereas wealthy students are targeted as mass consumers and rendered aware of problems that exist elsewhere for ‘others’. Ultimately the article suggests that the biopolitical rationalities and techniques though which Eco-Schools operate undermine the program’s efficacy to challenge inequality. These findings support previous studies arguing that current modes of local adaptation of sustainability education risk reproducing a global biopolitical divide between rich and poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the vegetation compositional changes between the fifth and third millennium BC on the Karelian Isthmus (north-west Russia). Special emphasis is placed on studying the timing and magnitude of the impact of hunter-fisher-gatherers on the vegetation. First, we reconstruct the local vegetation around Lake Bolshoye Zavetnoye by using the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm modelling. The application of different scenarios to the relevant source area of pollen is used to assess the local vegetation around Lake Bolshoye Zavetnoye (BZL) at specific distances from 500 to 3000 m. The regional vegetation reconstruction is assessed by using the REVEALS model. Second, we present new pollen and charcoal data from adjacent Lake Ikmenlampi (LI). Third, we calculate indices of vegetation change for BZL, LI and the region. We further explore the potential causes for these differences between the spatial scales and compare all these outcomes with local and regional archaeological data. The results show that foragers actively manipulated their environment. A shift towards more heliophilous conditions is shown by ca 4800 BC. Between 4000 and 3000 BC, an increase in archaeological material suggests intensive resource procurement and landscape management activities, particularly near settlements. Around the BZL site a local decrease in birch is observed from 4100 BC, coinciding with an increase in the rate of vegetation changes. Additionally, a decline in tree species (spruce, hazel, Alder) from 3500 to 3300 BC suggests human activities. The high fire frequency recorded between 4090 and 3150 BC further supports the presence of local human disturbances by the deliberate use of fire to create favourable living conditions. The results from the LI site go in the same direction with fluctuating abundances of spruce and the presence of pollen from Cannabis, Hordeum, Urtica and Plantago lanceolata from ca 4000 to 3600 BC, indicating the use of spruce-dominated forests and an early, incipient cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the northeastern edge of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, the Gray‐backed Shrike, a shrubland bird species of the plateau, confronts harsh living conditions. The impact of such an environment on their reproductive strategies has long intrigued us. This study reveals significant environmental effects on the investment of the Gray‐backed Shrike during their nestling‐rearing and egg‐laying stages. (1) Based on measurements of 215 shrike eggs from 2017 to 2021, we found that under the cold alpine climate, Gray‐backed Shrikes opt for a strategy of larger clutches and bigger eggs as average rainfall decreases. Concurrently, parents display a decreasing hatching order strategy, resulting in significant weight differences among newly hatched nestlings. (2) Marginal and core offspring exhibited no significant differences in fledging conditions. Core offspring generally have a slightly larger physique than marginal ones. However, marginal offspring exhibit the highest growth rate, with similar survival rates across different offspring categories. Parental rearing adopts a nest survival strategy. (3) The food provisioning rate by parents correlates strongly with the number of nestlings, the age of the nestling, and the nest's sex ratio. Differences exist between female and male provisioning rates based on begging intensity and average temperature; higher average temperatures lead to more food, with males providing more food. (4) Factors like nest sex ratio, offspring category, nestling age, and nestling sex influence the feeding preferences of parents. When overall nestling ratios skew towards either male or female, parental feeding preferences align with the actual nest sex ratio. Male and female parental feeding preferences differ based on average temperature and nestling sex. Males consistently exhibit a stronger preference for feeding male nestlings, regardless of the nest's sex ratio. In contrast, females don't show a clear preference, leading to differences in survival rates for different nestling sex under male feeding preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I reflect on how paying attention to the flow of affect between participants and the researcher during interviews unveils knowledge that highlights inequalities and advances a decolonial approach. I specifically discuss the capacity of productive discomfort in revealing valuable insights about the lived experiences of forced migrants and in uncovering knowledge that might otherwise stay hidden. In doing so, I demonstrate how my positionality as an 'insider Other' and my approach to interviews as affective encounters open up profound layers of experiences and sense-making. Expanding upon this, the study presents a unique framework that combines the method of interviews, conceptualized as situated affective encounters, with an affective-discursive analytical framework that views affect as intertwined with meaning and discourse. This fusion emphasizes the significance of emotions as a source of knowledge in the research process. The study highlights how this approach contributes to the reflexivity turn in migration studies and elucidates how the combined framework can guide researchers to work with discomfort. This can be a source of insight, as demonstrated by reflecting on my own research on the lived experiences of Eritrean migrants. I use several excerpts from my data to demonstrate how viewing emotions as meaningful leads to nuanced interpretations, thereby enriching insights into the living conditions of those who arrived as forced migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering contemporary crises and challenges, I hereby discuss the Universal Basic Income (UBI) as a citizenship prerogative aimed at promoting new ways of social organization and living. The analysis primarily focuses on understanding how UBI could impact people's quality of life, subjectivities and perceptions. The empirical material used in the analysis includes some statistical data, but mainly ethnographic testimonies from participants in UBI-related programmes or experiments. Access to this data was made possible through secondary research of various worldwide cases related to this policy between 1970 and 2022, aiming to establish a solid foundation for characterizing the effects of the programmes and the experiences of recipients. In this research process, I assumed that documentary secondary sources also provide fertile ground for anthropological approaches and analyses. From this empirical ground it became possible to understand the structural changes brought about by UBI in people's living conditions, subjectively experienced through emotional relief, safety, trust, optimism and joy, constituting embodied subjectivities of well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion The objective of this study is to assess the correspondence, in live conditions, between clinical gradings of facial aging signs by three dermatologists and those afforded by an automatic AI‐based algorithm that analyses smartphones' selfie images of Chinese subjects.In total, 125 Chinese subjects of both genders, aged 18–62y, took a selfie using their own smartphones and were immediately viewed by three dermatologists. The latter graded the severity of 15 facial signs in women and 9 in men, using the standardized values afforded by a Skin Aging Atlas referential dedicated to Asian skin. The data issued by both methodologies were then statistically compared.The absolute gradings of the automatic system were found highly correlated with clinical assessments, with lower values in most cases. In women, large differences in absolute values were found on the gradings for size of isolated spot, cheek fold, spread macules, and texture of mouth contour women. Analysis of the Mean Absolute Errors (M.A.E) revealed that these rarely exceed 0.6 grading units in women and to a lesser extent in men.The present study confirmed the value of the automatic system towards an extended use towards large human cohorts as a surrogate of clinical evaluations and allowed to detect the points where improvements must be brought to the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is considerable variation in the types of symptoms experienced by people living with endometriosis, and it is unclear which symptoms impact people the most. This study aimed to identify the specific symptoms that are "most impactful" to people living with the condition. Material and Methods: Two sequential online surveys were conducted. Women aged over 18 years with a diagnosis of endometriosis were eligible to participate. Participants first provided a free‐text list of all the endometriosis symptoms they experienced (Survey 1, Australian only). Responses were condensed into a shorter list by grouping symptom types and selecting the top 20 most common and most impactful. Survey 2 (international) participants reviewed the list and selected all that they had experienced in the last 3 months, nominated one as their single "most impactful symptom", and rated its impact on one of five randomized scale types. Results: Survey 1 and Survey 2 had 195 and 983 responses, respectively. The mean age of respondents was 30.8 ± 7.9 years. There were 275 separate symptom descriptions from Survey 1, which were condensed into 104 groups, of which 25 met criteria for inclusion in Survey 2. The most commonly experienced symptoms were abdominal pain (93% of respondents), bloating (92%), and fatigue (90%), and the symptoms nominated as causing the most impact were pelvic pain (20%), abdominal pain (15%), and cramps (7%). Nearly everyone (99.7%) in Survey 2 reported experiencing at least one pain symptom. The symptoms that generated the highest impact scores were infertility (99.8/100), irregular menstrual cycles (95.3/100), and constipation (92/100). The average impact score was 87.5/100. Conclusions: There was substantial variation in the symptom selected as causing the most impact, and the level of impact was high. A focus on measuring the "most impactful symptom" in future research may enable us to better capture and measure the true symptom experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the diversity of social and political assertions in the work of Vladimir M Bekhterev. Its findings reveal that he drew social and political conclusions based on his doctrine of reflexology. Moreover, he propagated the use of statistical investigations by scientific and governmental institutions to estimate the social and healthcare needs of the population. These conclusions accord with Bekhterev's desire for a transformation of society that would bring continued progress to people's social and living conditions. Additionally, the findings of this research work also support the idea that Bekhterev should be regarded as an important protagonist of neuroethics, a relatively recent field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an area-level Poisson mixed model with SAR(1) spatially correlated random effects. Small area predictors of proportions and counts are derived from the new model and the corresponding mean squared errors are estimated by parametric bootstrap. The behaviour of the introduced predictors is empirically investigated by running model-based simulation experiments. An application to real data from the Spanish living conditions survey of Galicia (Spain) is given. The target is the estimation of domain proportions of women under the poverty line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The urban settlement of migrants and their families is an important aspect of new urbanization. Affordable housing, a key measure to improve their living conditions, can advance their urbanization goals. Based on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) data and land transaction data of cities, this study employs a complementary log–log model to estimate the effect of public rental housing (PRH) on the long-term settlement intention (LTSI) of migrants and delves into the intrinsic effect mechanism through the mediating effect. The results show that: (1) Living in PRH can significantly improve the LTSI of migrants who rent. A series of robustness tests and endogeneity tests support the validity of this conclusion; (2) The visualization of a heterogeneity analysis shows that PRH has a greater influence on the LTSI of first-generation migrants and urban–urban migrants. As the city class of the destination decreases, the effect of PRH gradually diminishes; (3) A mechanism analysis suggests that a sense of identity plays a mediating role in PRH affecting the LTSI of the migrants, particularly in first-tier cities. This paper enriches the literature related to the field of housing security programs, provides policy references for enhancing the LTSI of the migrants, and promotes the development of urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses energy poverty, a situation where households are unable to afford the minimum energy services required to meet their basic needs, a problem with profound implications for the well-being of vulnerable populations. To identify the most affected areas, a geospatial analysis of energy poverty distribution in the Valencian Community (Spain) was conducted using a correlation study between the global vulnerability index and the energy poverty index, calculated from residential energy certificates. The results highlight areas of significant social, economic, demographic, and residential vulnerability, as well as regions with very high or very low energy consumption. Specifically, regions with high energy poverty and vulnerability indices were identified, enabling targeted interventions. The study concludes that interventions in these identified areas are essential to mitigate the adverse effects of energy poverty and improve living conditions for affected populations. This research offers a novel methodology for mapping regional energy poverty, surpassing previous studies in precision for identifying and addressing vulnerable areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bulk of research exploring the impacts of Boko Haram-induced crisis in Nigeria's Northeast region focuses on the country's social, economic, and political conditions while the understanding on the welfare of vulnerable populations – children living in the conflict-ridden communities is sparse. This study addresses the sparsity by investigating the plights of children who became orphans in the wake of horrific Boko Haram attacks in the region in the mid-2010s. Using a qualitative method, we draw insights from Damaturu, Yobe State, where three hundred and eight (orphaned) children were recruited and interviewed. Based on our analysis of the interview data, we argue that they suffered life-threatening situations – parental fatalities by insurgents, alms begging, hard labour for sustenance, degrading living conditions, sexual exploitation, and recruitment into armed groups for violence. The cumulative effects of the attacks made them unsafe and vulnerable to unconventional coping strategies and delinquency amidst the precarity of decent living in the communities. We provide key research and policy-relevant evidence in advancing the understanding of the predicaments of children in wars and socio-politically precarious environments. Also, we underscore the need for holistic and targeted interventions that include vulnerable children in post-insurgency humanitarian efforts to mitigate their discomfort and improve their living conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Specific aspects and territorial characteristics of migration have been extensively studied, while the primary living conditions of foreigners have been less compared in-depth. Using data from the Labor Force Surveys and EU-Silc for the year 2019, relating to six key aspects of daily life, in this study, foreign-born people living in the five main European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom) and the European Union were compared for the frequency of costs (e.g., for welfare services) and benefits (e.g., for employment) for the host society. Subsequently, the comparison of them, made by juxtaposing natives and non-natives, allowed for a definition of the level of primary integration (distance of immigrants from natives on the same aspects). The results show that the degree of congruence between the frequency of costs and that of benefits in the immigrant population is strongly influenced by the economic situation, favorable for Germany and the United Kingdom in 2019, with a lower recurrence of hardship cases among immigrants, but high wealth did not automatically reduce their differences. Instead, a small gap between immigrants and natives may also be due to the progressive impoverishment of the latter (Italian case). Therefore, especially in periods of economic stagnation, the different impact of it and of welfare measures on the immigrant population compared to natives requires the analysis of their actual living conditions, as the traditionally used economic aggregates (especially GDP) do not reveal the disparities in the distribution of resources between the various social and ethnic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The minimum wage has become a standard measure in the economic and social policies of countries all over the world. The primary objective of this measure is to guarantee that workers receive a minimum wage that allows them to lead a decent life, thereby reducing inequality and poverty. However, studies on the minimum wage have not focused on assessing the effects on these dimensions but only on employment. The objective of this study is to address this research gap by analysing the effects of minimum wage increases on income inequality and poverty. To this end, firstly, a systematic review of the empirical analyses was conducted using the PRISMA methodology, with a view to ensuring that all empirical evidence was available. Secondly, the Spanish case was examined. The significant increase in minimum wage in Spain in 2019 (21.3% in real terms) presents an invaluable opportunity to utilise this event as a natural experiment to generate new evidence. A difference-in-differences approach was employed to assess the impact of this phenomenon in the period 2018–2019 with microdata from European Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC for Spain). In doing so, two basic scientific contributions were made. The first one, a systematic, exhaustive, and up-to-date literature review (up to June 2024), as there is, to our knowledge, no recent systematic review of this relationship (minimum wage vs. inequality). The available evidence indicates a clear inverse relationship between the minimum wage and inequalities and poverty. The second one, regarding the Spanish case, there has been a dearth of scientific studies on this subject. Thus, this paper provides new scientific evidence demonstrating that a significant increase in the minimum wage can significantly improve the income of low-wage earners, thereby reducing income inequality and in-work poverty. Furthermore, there is evidence of a spillover effect towards income groups closer to the treatment group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Cultural Studies / Kultur Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The positive changes in hygienic living conditions are commonly believed to explain secular changes in body height and the age of maturity. However, it is difficult to estimate the separate impacts of these factors due to the lack of social and economic data and variations in the sources of information. We hypothesized that final male body height could be associated with various socioeconomic indicators, such as the development of the medical care system, the quality of nutrition, and the level of sanitary and hygienic conditions. Moreover, we hypothesized that male body height could be associated with the level of morbidity in the region during the time of conscript childhood (from 1 to 7 years old). Materials and methods: We used two main sources of information in the analyses. The first is the data from the Statistical Reference Book published by the Central Statistical Committee in 1929. The second is the annual data from the Statistical Reference Book published in the Russian Empire. Since the conscripts were born between 1906 and 1909, we used datasets from 1910 to 1913. To analyze the data, we used a method of analyzing interacting variables called St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA). Results: Our analyses revealed direct associations between the morbidity of some diseases and male body height and other anthropometric parameters. Conclusions: There are associations between conscript final body height and the morbidity of influenza, dysentery and some venereal diseases, such as chancroid and syphilis. There were no associations between conscript final body height and the level of morbidity during childhood. However, other final parameters, such as BMI, weight, and chest circumference, could be associated with the morbidity of malaria, scabies, scurvy, and scarlet fever during childhood. The prevalence of these diseases could be strongly connected with unfavorable living conditions. The results are similar for both urban and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic pollution is worsening the living conditions on Earth, primarily due to the toxicity and stability of non‐biodegradable plastics (NBPs). Photocatalytic cracking of NBPs is emerging as a promising way to cleave inert C−C bonds and abstract the carbon atoms from these wastes into valuable chemicals and fuels. However, controlling these processes is a huge challenge, ascribed to the complicated reactions of various NBPs. Herein, we summarize recent advances in the CO2 and carbon‐radical‐mediated photocatalytic cracking of NBPs, with an emphasis on the pivotal intermediates. The CO2‐mediated cracking proceeded with indiscriminate C−H/C−C bond cleavage of NBPs and tandem photoreduction of CO2, while carbon‐radical‐mediated cracking was realized by the prior activation of C−H bonds for selective C−C bond cleavage of NBPs. Catalytic generation and conversion of different intermediates greatly depend on the kinds of active species and the structure of photocatalysts under irradiation. Meanwhile, the fate of a specific intermediate is compared with small molecule activation to reveal the key problems in the cracking of NBPs. Finally, the challenges and potential directions are discussed to improve the overall efficiency in the photocatalytic cracking of NBPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy and mobility poverty are often experienced together by vulnerable and disadvantaged segments of society. Effectively addressing these issues requires identifying specific groups within unique contexts and devising context-specific interventions. Based on extensive original research, this study uncovers the energy, mobility and broader socio-economic challenges faced by working class citizens housed in Abu Dhabi's labour camps and how these challenges ultimately impact their quality of life and health. Our investigation focuses on the themes of marginalisation and spatial justice to show how labour camp residents often feel excluded from society and isolate themselves from the city and its activities. In exploring the subject of poverty and vulnerability, we show how low-income and living conditions are intertwined with energy and mobility poverty and, hence, the need for holistic solutions. To remediate these circumstances, we provide a set of policy recommendations, including increased monitoring of labour camp developers to ensure compliance with UAE regulations, guaranteeing that labour camps are part of urban planning and implementing safe soft mobility options so mobility can be achieved without requiring a personal vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperthermophilic archaea such as Pyrococcus furiosus survive under very aggressive environmental conditions by occupying niches inaccessible to representatives of other domains of life. The ability to survive such severe living conditions must be ensured by extraordinarily efficient mechanisms of DNA processing, including repair. Therefore, in this study, we compared kinetics of conformational changes of DNA Endonuclease Q from P. furiosus during its interaction with various DNA substrates containing an analog of an apurinic/apyrimidinic site (F-site), hypoxanthine, uracil, 5,6-dihydrouracil, the α-anomer of adenosine, or 1,N6-ethenoadenosine. Our examination of DNA cleavage activity and fluorescence time courses characterizing conformational changes of the dye-labeled DNA substrates during the interaction with EndoQ revealed that the enzyme induces multiple conformational changes of DNA in the course of binding. Moreover, the obtained data suggested that the formation of the enzyme–substrate complex can proceed through dissimilar kinetic pathways, resulting in different types of DNA conformational changes, which probably allow the enzyme to perform its biological function at an extreme temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Depression is a cause of disability globally and affects not only the person living with the condition, but the whole family. How people construct meaning to 'live well' and make sense of the reality of living with a person diagnosed with depression were explored through narrative inquiry and stories. The purpose of this article is to justify the use of narrative inquiry methodology to explore how people make meaning and find ways to live well and live with a family member who lives with depression. An interpretivist epistemological perspective, with the ontological principles of critical realism, and a social constructionist approach were chosen to guide the methodological framework. This was because how people construct the stories about their experiences will influence how those stories are told and what meaning is given to them. Eight people who live with a family member diagnosed with depression told their stories for this study. A realist approach to data analysis was taken, transcribed data were re-storied with redundancies removed, and member checked for accuracy. Using McCormack's and Chases' Lenses, the data revealed the strengths and challenges individuals faced when living with a family member with depression. Narrative Inquiry was an appropriate methodology to reveal how participants made sense of and constructed meaning about living well when living with a family member who lives with depression. Through the cyclical nature of depressive illness, participants navigated the fluctuations and uncertainties to find ways to live well and live with their family member. The research has the potential to adopt aspects of a family strengths-based and family systems approach into clinical practice, which would be valuable in supporting families living with depression and other mental health conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to establish differences in third-party attention through a toy-building activity among children between 9 and 11 years old from three cultural backgrounds: Rural Mapuche, Urban Mapuche and non-Indigenous Chilean. It was also examined whether third-party attention is related to learning a previously observed activity. Third-party attention involves maintaining two or more foci of interest simultaneously without losing attention and or interrupting the course of a task. It is of interest to study because it may undergo changes as a result of exposure to schooling. Given that these groups differ in cultural practices and years of formal schooling, the hypothesis was that it might be possible to identify differences in their attention patterns. The results showed that it seems like practices of Rural Mapuche families encourage third-party attention much more so than the other groups; therefore, the learning of skills arises in constellations of cultural practices that involve children's living conditions and guide their development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of 'durability' plays a central role in the discourse, policies, and practices surrounding forced displacement. Yet, for all the talk of 'durable solutions' to refugee situations, durability is in many ways the quality most conspicuously absent in refugees' everyday lives and living spaces. As the world has grown progressively more inured to the practice of using provisional spaces of transit as permanent sites of residence, displaced persons are increasingly finding themselves trapped in spaces marked by a kind of permanent temporariness. In this article, I sketch three different ways in which living for long periods of time in temporary spaces can harm inhabitants: first, I argue that non‐durability in the home can undermine cognitive function; second, that it can attenuate various forms of agency; and third, that it fails to furnish a ground on which refugees can build meaningful lives and futures for themselves. I conclude by arguing that the deprivation of durable living conditions is not only harmful, but wrongful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This publication underscores the vital role of bees, particularly their contribution to products like honey, pollen, and propolis, which offer significant health benefits. Notably, 79% of the world's food supply relies on bees; thus, their declining numbers pose a threat to pollination and food security. The study explores an ecological thermal insulation for hives using animal biomass and a monitoring system to detect anomalies in bee habitats early. This approach aims to protect bee populations and enhance global food security through improved data-driven practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of homeless people (HP) has been increasing in recent years. Government actions have been implemented to improve the living conditions for this population, especially those focused on health care. This study has as research question: What are the healthcare strategies of services and programs being offered to the homeless population in Brazil? Its objective is to analyze the health care strategies adopted by services and programs offered to the homeless population in Brazil. To achieve this purpose, a search was conducted in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) databases, resulting in 21 articles. The analysis revealed the scope and challenges of the health care networks, indicating drug use as the main reason for seeking the services, with the Street Clinics (CnaR, Consultório na Rua) being an important service capable of promoting the creation of links between the HP and other sectors. of health. The importance of networking and the complexity of population health care were recurring topics in the discussions, as they deal with actions aimed at vulnerable and stigmatized people, showing needs and singularities in the way of living in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Magazine General Union of Arab Archaeologists is the property of General Union of Arab Archaeologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Sociological Context / Sosyolojik Bağlam Dergisi is the property of Journal of Sociological Context and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Arts & Social Sciences (JASS) is the property of Sultan Qaboos University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The construction and operation of large‐scale reservoirs alter the natural river flow regimes and destroy the original suitable reproduction and living conditions of aquatic organisms. Especially during the spawning season, the fluctuating water flow process is particularly important for fish reproduction. A bi‐objective optimization model considering both the environmental flow demand for fish spawning and the stability of hydropower output is established in this study and solved by one of the most widely used algorithms for multi‐objective problems, the Non‐Dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm‐II. The derived Pareto Front can be used to guide reservoir operation during fish spawning seasons. The model proposed in this paper is applied to the Yangqu Reservoir, currently under construction on the upper Yellow River in China. The results show that the stability of hydropower output can still be improved by 4.80% to 10.56%, even if the environmental flow demand is taken into account. Even for the scheme preferring ecological recovery, the stability of hydropower output can be increased by more than 0.85%. Highlights: Fish spawning demand and hydropower stability are considered simultaneously.Derived Pareto Front can be used for reservoir operation in fish spawning seasons.Room still exists for improving hydropower stability meeting ecological demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Usury has been predominantly studied as an economic or legal phenomenon and only recently has gotten into the spotlight of sociological research. This article aims to contribute to the current literature by operationalising usury vulnerability and analysing household factors impacting it, using the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data for Italy. To construct usury vulnerability, we examined variables measuring a household's financial and material well-being. As to factors impacting the phenomenon, we included those reflecting a socio-demographic position of a household (household composition and territorial position within the country, age, sex, education, and employment status of the top earner). The estimation results indicate that all micro-level factors matter in terms of usury vulnerability. Therefore, by identifying the most vulnerable social groups, the model might help develop relevant policy interventions to fight the spread of usury, especially in times of economic decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The large-scale war forced millions of Ukrainians to leave their homes in search of safety. The mass displacement of the population led to an increase in the level of uncertainty and raised risks for both individuals and the whole of society. This article aims to assess the scale of internal migration in Ukraine during the war and to investigate the impact of this phenomenon on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the labor potential and the possibilities of its use. Our assessment of the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs), and our examination of the state of their adaptation and integration in the new territories of residence are based on administrative data about the registration of citizens as IDPs provided by social services as well as the surveys and research findings by international organizations and domestic sociological institutions. We present an overview of individual challenges and risks raised by the forced displacement of the population, and highlight the specific features of their manifestation. In particular, we single out an increase in the demographic burden, a decrease in the number of people of reproductive age, a reduction in the number of jobs, an increase in the burden on the budget, a drop in labor productivity, a loss or reduction in the income of a large part of the population, a limit of access to quality social services, as well as unemployment, deterioration of the quality of employment, increased social vulnerability, and weakening of social cohesion. Risks increase the probability of negative changes that lead to uncertainty, deterioration of the demographic situation, weakening of the stability of the economy, decline in the level and quality of life of the population, deepening of social inequality, growth of social tension, decline in the consumption capacity of the population, complete or partial loss of social ties and jobs. We offer recommendations regarding priorities and specific measures of the national state policy aimed at avoiding risks and minimizing their possible consequences. The implementation of this policy should be focused on establishing legal, economic, and institutional frameworks for easing tensions in the areas of material security and employment, improving the demographic situation as well as the quality and availability of social services, and improving living conditions.

Abstract Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in severe, permanent functional changes and has become a global health priority due to its high incidence, cost, and disability rate. Current national epidemiological data on SCI in China are limited and outdated. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive, national cross-sectional investigation of SCI epidemiology in China. Methods This cross-sectional study included 3055 SCI participants aged 8 to 78 years, conducted from May to September 2023. Data collected encompassed demographic characteristics, employment status, etiology, years lived with disability (YLD), family structure, caregiving status, income, health insurance, paralysis type, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Descriptive statistics analyses were used to assess demographic and injury characteristics. Group differences were assessed using t-tests, one-way ANOVA and Chi-square tests. Significant factors were examined using multivariate regression analysis. Results The majority (88.9%) of respondents were aged 15 to 59 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.36:1. Car accidents caused 45.4% of tetraplegia cases, falls caused 35.9% of paraplegia cases, and myelitis was the leading cause of non-traumatic SCI. Among paraplegia participants, 65.5% had complete SCI, while 53.1% of tetraplegia participants had incomplete SCI. Functional improvement was reported by 9.58% of participants. Half (50.3%) of the respondents were unemployed, and 75% had incomes below the national average. HRQoL was significantly lower in the SCI population compared to controls, mainly influenced by injury site, income, age and etiology (p

Introduction: Seafaring is a particularly strenuous and hazardous profession. When sailing at sea, the ship is both a living place and a working place for the seafarers. Working conditions at sea are extremely difficult, they often have to work in harsh conditions of nature and workers have to suffer loneliness, isolation from the mainland. The aim of this research is to describe the living, working conditions, and nutrition of seafarers working on transoceanic ships. Subjects and Methods: Four hundred Vietnamese crew members working on 21 ocean freighters docked at Hai Phong and Cai Lan ports in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam in 2021. Using cross-sectional, descriptive, epidemiological methods through observation and measurement of the room area, the area of the gym, the equipment for exercise on the ship of the crew; direct interviews with all crew members about living, working and nutritional conditions on board: Recreational conditions; physical training; drink beer, wine; smoke; shiftwork; time a sea trip; micro-social environment on board; the crew’s nutrition. Results: Micro-social environment on board (100% male), 100% crew working in shifts work; the living room and the gym room are narrow; monotonous, boring life, poor cultural and spiritual activities; inadequate and lack of exercise equipment. 61.5% of crew members smoke; 48.7% of seafarers do not exercise, 32.5% exercise infrequently, 18.8% exercise regularly; 88.7% of seafarers drink alcohol, of which 22.5% of seafarer’s abuse alcohol. The crew’s nutrition is unreasonable and unbalanced, excess protein, lipid, and lack of green vegetables: Unreasonable diet (79.2%); excess energy diet (68.8%); diets high in protid (58.5%), high in lipids (54.8%), unbalanced in the ratio of animal/vegetable protid (50.2%), and lack of fiber (79.2%). Conclusion: The living and working conditions of crew members are still difficult and not guaranteed. Improper and unbalanced nutrition, excess protein, and lipid but lack of fruit and fiber.

Abstract Background The positive changes in hygienic living conditions are commonly believed to explain secular changes in body height and the age of maturity. However, it is difficult to estimate the separate impacts of these factors due to the lack of social and economic data and variations in the sources of information. We hypothesized that final male body height could be associated with various socioeconomic indicators, such as the development of the medical care system, the quality of nutrition, and the level of sanitary and hygienic conditions. Moreover, we hypothesized that male body height could be associated with the level of morbidity in the region during the time of conscript childhood (from 1 to 7 years old). Materials and methods We used two main sources of information in the analyses. The first is the data from the Statistical Reference Book published by the Central Statistical Committee in 1929. The second is the annual data from the Statistical Reference Book published in the Russian Empire. Since the conscripts were born between 1906 and 1909, we used datasets from 1910 to 1913. To analyze the data, we used a method of analyzing interacting variables called St. Nicolas House Analysis (SNHA). Results Our analyses revealed direct associations between the morbidity of some diseases and male body height and other anthropometric parameters. Conclusions There are associations between conscript final body height and the morbidity of influenza, dysentery and some venereal diseases, such as chancroid and syphilis. There were no associations between conscript final body height and the level of morbidity during childhood. However, other final parameters, such as BMI, weight, and chest circumference, could be associated with the morbidity of malaria, scabies, scurvy, and scarlet fever during childhood. The prevalence of these diseases could be strongly connected with unfavorable living conditions. The results are similar for both urban and rural areas.

The article analyzes the norms of family legislation of Ukraine regarding the determination of the child’s place of residence in case of divorce. The purpose of the research is to study the process of decision-making by guardianship and guardianship bodies, to evaluate the effectiveness of their activities, which will contribute to ensuring the best interests of the child and equal rights of parents. Particular attention is paid to determining the role of guardianship and care authorities in this process. It has been established that their participation is possible in two forms: 1) resolution by the body of guardianship and custody of the dispute on the determination of the child’s place of residence; 2) provision of a written opinion of the body of guardianship and guardianship during the consideration of cases by the court on the determination of the child’s place of residence. It has been proven that the role of guardianship and guardianship authorities in determining the place of residence of a child is significant, as they are involved in the event of a lack of consensus between parents regarding the residence of a minor child. The process of decision-making by guardianship and guardianship bodies is characterized. The main stages in solving the issue of determining the child’s place of residence with the participation of the guardianship and guardianship authorities are highlighted: 1. Appeal to the parents’ guardianship and guardianship authorities. 2. Conducting by guardianship and care authorities a conversation with the parents and drawing up a certificate of examination of the child’s living conditions. 3. Decision-making by guardianship and guardianship bodies is based on the analysis of conditions and consideration of the child’s opinion and is formed in the form of a conclusion. Important evaluation criteria are the parents’ attitude towards the fulfillment of parental duties, the child’s personal attachment to each parent, the child’s health and other circumstances of significant importance. The main principles that guardianship and guardianship authorities should be guided by when determining a child’s place of residence are analyzed, such as ensuring the best interests of the child and equal rights of parents. Special attention is paid to problematic aspects that arise during decision-making by guardianship and guardianship bodies, which include the establishment of the child’s true psycho-emotional state by a psychologist, ensuring the child’s appearance in court or the guardianship body and custody at a permanent pre-war place of residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to find out the Problems, Challenges, and coping Mechanisms of the Select Students and Asaatidz of Ja'miatul Waqf in the aftermath of the Marawi Siege. It attempted to find answers to the following queries: (1) what is the Demographic Profile of the respondents in terms of Age, Sex, Civil Status, Educational Attainment, Ethnic Affiliation, and Monthly Income? (2) What are the Problems and Challenges Confronting the selected Assatidz and Students in the aftermath of the Marawi Siege in terms of Psycho-Social, Living Condition, Financial, and Health Conditions? (3) What are the Coping Mechanisms of the Selected Assatidz and Students of Ja'miatul Waqf in the aftermath of the Marawi siege in terms of Education, Adaptation, Acceptance, Open-Mindedness, and satisfaction of Basic Needs? The study utilized the Inferential research design that made use of both descriptive qualitative and correlation quantitative approaches in the interpretation of data gathered as well as information regarding the Problem, Challenges, and Coping Mechanism of the selected Assatidz and Students of Ja'miatul Waqf as an aftermath of Marawi Siege. The principal aim of employing this method is to describe the nature of the situation as it exists at the time of the study and to explore the Problems, Challenges, and Coping mechanisms of the respondents. The 100 respondents were the 10 Selected Assatidz, 40 College Students (Khuliyyah), and 50 High School Students (Thanawe). The respondents were all based in Marawi City. Further, statistical tools, such as the chi-square independent test, the frequency and percentage distribution, and the measure of central tendency (weighted mean), were utilized in order to achieve the objectives of this study. The significant findings of this study are the following: (1) Majority of the respondents are Meranaw females aged between 18 to 22 years old and some high school students. Most of them are single with monthly income below 5,000 or none at all. (2) The respondent's responses to the problems, challenges, and coping mechanisms in terms of psycho--social, living conditions, finances, and health presented by the researchers are shown in the table below. The respondents agreed on the Psycho-social and financial, while they neither agreed nor disagreed on the living conditions and health that the statement presented by the researcher is the problems and challenges that they faced after the Marawi siege. On the other hand, they agreed on the psycho-social, living conditions, and health, while they neither agreed nor disagreed that the statements presented by the researcher are their coping mechanism toward problems and challenges. (3) Based on the computed Square Independent Test, there is a significant relationship between the problem and challenges towards their coping mechanism in terms of psychosocial, living conditions, finances, and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]