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Sleep plays a role in maintaining our physical well-being. However, sleep-related issues impact millions of people globally. Accurate monitoring of sleep is vital for identifying and addressing these problems. While traditional methods like polysomnography (PSG) are commonly used in settings, they may not fully capture natural sleep patterns at home. Moreover, PSG equipment can disrupt sleep quality. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of sensors for sleep monitoring. These lightweight sensors can be easily integrated into textiles or wearable devices using technology. The flexible sensors can be designed for skin contact to offer continuous monitoring without being obtrusive in a home environment. This review presents an overview of the advancements made in flexible sensors for tracking body movements during sleep, which focus on their principles, mechanisms, and strategies for improved flexibility, practical applications, and future trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The major concern in high-frequency communication is electromagnetic interference. To address this, there are several material composites developed. This article focuses on a cost-effective development method for synthesizing CSA-doped PANI-CNT nanocomposites for microwave shielding applications. The nanocomposite is prepared using chemical polymerization. The chemical structure, surface characteristics and atomic structure of the material are characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM, respectively. The EMI shielding characteristics of the synthesized material are investigated as a function of weight percentage of CNT in PANI. The efficacy of the developed material is studied using the waveguide method. The analysis reveals good improvement in the shielding at the X and Ku-band frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic devices and communication systems are highly susceptible to interference from unwanted electromagnetic waves. High-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding offers a solution to this issue. In this work, we discuss the design of an EMI shielding material composite using natural rubber (NR) filled with polyaniline (PANI), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and ferric oxide (Fe2O3). Different properties of the material composite are studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. We tested the EMI shielding efficiency of the developed material in the X band and the Ku band. The measurements revealed improved shielding effectiveness when compared to similar microwave shielding materials. In terms of flexibility and cost-effectiveness, this novel composite also proved to be a better alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borophene 2D nanosheets of boron and the evolving group III trans-graphene are a potential material for a plethora of applications; however, they have not been well explored due to the ambiguity in their electronic configuration and consequent polymorphism. Here, we introduced liquid-phase treatments utilizing surfactants exfoliating boron to 2D borophene. Poly-(ethelyene glycol) (PEG) polymeric chains with neutral characteristics simultaneously with surfactants of cationic and anionic characteristics, respectively, as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were utilized to constructively engineer a β rhombohedral crystal structure in borophene layers. These engineered borophene layers, on further analyzing their electrochemical performance by hydrogen evolution reactions, showed a heightened efficacy for borophene sheets synthesized in the presence of PEG, characterized by a Tafel slope of 178 mV/dec in a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. This enhanced performance was intricately linked to the elevated quality of the borophene sheets during PEG-assisted liquid-phase treatment and to the increased accessibility of active sites characterized by the β rhombohedral crystal lattices engineered by PEG polymeric chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic hybrids with exceptional magnetic and optical properties have emerged as promising materials for diverse applications. In the present work, magnetite (Fe3O4)-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized using a facile in situ coprecipitation synthesis method. The in situ formation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the presence of GO led to the self-assembly of GO sheets into nanoscrolls. The structural and morphological properties of the nanoscrolls were evaluated. The optical properties were studied using UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy. Magnetic response assessment by vibrating sample magnetometer confirmed that Fe3O4–GONS had a good superparamagnetic property with maximum saturation magnetization of 54.4 (± 0.5) emu gm−1. The superparamagnetic blocking temperature of the FGO 1 sample was evaluated by temperature-dependent magnetization studies. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the prepared nanocomposites was investigated using an MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay on a fibroblast L929 cell line. The cell viability studies reveal that all the Fe3O4–GO nanohybrids exhibit excellent cell viability (above 80%) compared to that of the control sample. It is worth noting that the magnetic functionalization of GO with Fe3O4 and the scroll structure is a way to enhance the biocompatibility. This work suggests the promise of using multifunctional Fe3O4–GO hybrids in biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]