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Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with glutamatergic neuron hyperactivation in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) brain area, while GABAergic interneurons in the BLA modulate glutamatergic neuron excitability. Studies have shown that propofol exerts its effects through potentiation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid. The neuronal mechanism by which propofol anesthesia modulates fear memory is currently unknown. Here, we used optogenetics and chemogenetics to suppress glutamatergic neurons or activate GABAergic interneurons in the BLA to assess alterations in neuronal excitation-inhibition balance and investigate fear memory. The excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the BLA was significantly reduced by the suppression of glutamatergic neurons or activation of GABAergic interneurons, while propofol-mediated enhancement of fear memory was attenuated. We suggest that propofol anesthesia could reduce the excitability of GABAergic neurons through activation of GABAA receptors, subsequently increasing the excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the mice BLA; the effect of propofol on enhancing mice fear memory might be mediated by strengthening glutamatergic neuronal excitability and decreasing the excitability of GABAergic neurons in the BLA; neuronal excitation-inhibition imbalance in the BLA might be important in mediating the enhancement of fear memory induced by propofol.

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmias, strongly associated with neutrophils. However, the underlying mechanism remain unclear. This study aims to explore the interaction between neutrophils and atrial myocytes in the pathogenesis of AF. Methods Patch-clamp was employed to record the action potential duration (APD) and ion channels in HL-1 cells. Flow cytometry was used to assess the differentiation of neutrophils. The mRNA and protein levels of CACNA1C, CACNA2D, and CACNB2 in HL-1 cells were detected. Results High-frequency electrical stimulation resulted in a shortening of the APD in HL-1 cells. Flow cytometry demonstrated that neutrophils were polarized into N1 phenotype when cultured with stimulated HL-1 cells medium. Compared to control neutrophils conditioned medium (CM), cocultured with TNF-α knockout neutrophils CM prolonged APD and the L-type Ca (2+) channel (LTCC) of HL-1 cells. Additionally, the expression of CACNA2D, CACNB2 and CACNA1C in HL-1 cells were upregulated. Compared with CACNA1C siRNA-transfected HL-1 cells treated with TNF-α siRNA-transfected neutrophils CM, the APD and LTCC of CACNA1C siRNA-transfected HL-1 cells were shortened in control N1 neutrophil CM. The APD and LTCC of control HL-1 cells were also shortened in control N1 neutrophil CM, but prolonged in TNF-α siRNA-transfected neutrophils CM. Conclusion These findings suggest that neutrophils were polarized into N1 phenotype in AF, TNF-α released from N1 neutrophils contributes to the pathogenesis of AF, via decreasing the APD and LTCC in atrial myocytes through down-regulation of CACNA1C expression.

Abstract Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists have been shown to reduce major cardiovascular events in diabetic patients, but their role in heart failure (HF) remains controversial. Recent evidence implies their potential benefits on cardiometabolism such as lipid metabolism, which may contribute to lowering the risk of HF. Consequently, we designed a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal relationships of circulating lipids mediating GLP1R agonists in HF. Methods The available cis-eQTLs for GLP1R target gene were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) of GLP1R agonism. Positive control analyses of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and body mass index (BMI) were conducted to validate the enrolled IVs. Two-sample MR was performed to evaluate the associations between GLP1R agonism and HF as well as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Summary data for HF and LVEF were obtained from two genome-wide association studies (GWASs), which included 977,323 and 40,000 individuals of European ancestry, respectively. The primary method employed was the random-effects inverse variance weighted, with several other methods used for sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger, MR PRESSO, and weighted median. Additionally, multivariable MR and mediation MR were applied to identify potentially causal lipid as mediator. Results A total of 18 independent IVs were included. The positive control analyses showed that GLP1R agonism significantly reduced the risk of T2DM (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.75–0.85, p

IntroductionIt has been reported that the cartilaginous roof of the acetabulum is thicker in infants with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) than in those with healthy hips. However, there is limited research on the changes in the thickness of acetabular cartilage after follow-up or treatment of DDH. This study aims to report the thickness of acetabular cartilage before and after treatment of DDH.Materials and methodsIn this prospective study, infants with clinical suspicion of DDH were enrolled in the pediatric outpatient service in our hospital from January 2022 to August 2023. The thickness of acetabular cartilage was measured in the standard coronal plane. Borderline hips (Graf IIa type) were monitored with monthly ultrasound examination until they were classified as normal hips (Graf I type), while dysplastic hips (Graf IIb type or worse) were treated with the Pavlik harness until they were also classified as normal hips in the final ultrasound examination.ResultsA total of 592 children [median age, 96 days (interquartile range, 70–142 days); 197 boys] were enrolled in the study. The thickness of acetabular cartilage in dysplastic hips (4.3 ± 1.6 mm) was greater than that in normal hips (3.0 ± .39 mm, P

Objective: This study utilized network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare the efficacy of five commonly used traditional Chinese medicine monomers in reducing intimal hyperproliferation in arterial balloon injury models. Methods: Relevant literature up to January 2024 was systematically retrieved from seven major databases. The intima-to-media (I/M) ratio was chosen as the primary outcome measure. The risk of bias in animal studies was assessed using the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata 17 software. Results: A total of 43 studies were included in this meta-analysis. NMA results showed that in the rat model, compared to the control group, GS (SMD: 0.99, 95%CI: 1.25 to −0.73), ASIV (SMD: 1.16, 95%CI: 1.65 to −0.67), TMP (SMD: 0.68, 95%CI: 1.31 to −0.05), and TPNS (SMD: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.91 to −0.80) exhibited inhibitory effects on postoperative intimal hyperproliferation, reducing the I/M ratio. In the rabbit model, compared to the control group, TPNS (SMD: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.97 to −0.49) inhibited postoperative intimal hyperproliferation and reduced the I/M ratio. Superiority ranking analysis suggested that total Panax notoginseng saponin (TPNS) might be the most effective traditional Chinese medicine monomer in reducing intimal hyperproliferation in arterial balloon injury models, lowering the I/M ratio. Conclusion: NMA indicates that traditional Chinese medicine monomers can effectively reduce postoperative intimal hyperproliferation in arterial balloon injury models, lowering the I/M ratio, with TPNS showing optimal efficacy. However, the research on TIIA is insufficient, and the limited sample size may affect the robustness of the results. Furthermore, the majority of research on traditional Chinese medicine monomers is currently limited to the experimental stage, lacking further clinical validation. Conducting standardized animal experiments and reporting their findings can enhance the quality of evidence from animal studies, laying the foundation for future clinical trials.

Abstract Background Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication after anesthesia/surgery, especially among elderly patients, and poses a significant threat to their postoperative quality of life and overall well-being. While it is widely accepted that elderly patients may experience POCD following anesthesia/surgery, the exact mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. Several studies have indicated that the interaction between silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is crucial in controlling cognitive function and is strongly linked to neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, this research aims to explore how SIRT1/BDNF impacts cognitive decline caused by anesthesia/surgery in aged mice. Methods Open field test (OFT) was used to determine whether anesthesia/surgery affected the motor ability of mice, while the postoperative cognitive function of 18 months old mice was evaluated with Novel object recognition test (NORT), Object location test (OLT) and Fear condition test (FC). The expressions of SIRT1 and other molecules were analyzed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. The hippocampal synaptic plasticity was detected by Golgi staining and Long-term potentiation (LTP). The effects of SIRT1 and BDNF overexpression as well as chemogenetic activation of glutamatergic neurons in hippocampal CA1 region of 18 months old vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGLUT1) mice on POCD were further investigated. Results The research results revealed that older mice exhibited cognitive impairment following intramedullary fixation of tibial fracture. Additionally, a notable decrease in the expression of SIRT1/BDNF and neuronal excitability in hippocampal CA1 glutamatergic neurons was observed. By increasing levels of SIRT1/BDNF or enhancing glutamatergic neuron excitability in the CA1 region, it was possible to effectively mitigate synaptic plasticity impairment and ameliorate postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Conclusions The decline in SIRT1/BDNF levels leading to changes in synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability in older mice could be a significant factor contributing to cognitive impairment after anesthesia/surgery. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Objective The risk category of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are closely related to the surgical method, the scope of resection, and the need for preoperative chemotherapy. We aimed to develop and validate convolutional neural network (CNN) models based on preoperative venous-phase CT images to predict the risk category of gastric GISTs. Method A total of 425 patients pathologically diagnosed with gastric GISTs at the authors’ medical centers between January 2012 and July 2021 were split into a training set (154, 84, and 59 with very low/low, intermediate, and high-risk, respectively) and a validation set (67, 35, and 26, respectively). Three CNN models were constructed by obtaining the upper and lower 1, 4, and 7 layers of the maximum tumour mask slice based on venous-phase CT Images and models of CNN_layer3, CNN_layer9, and CNN_layer15 established, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) and the Obuchowski index were calculated to compare the diagnostic performance of the CNN models. Results In the validation set, CNN_layer3, CNN_layer9, and CNN_layer15 had AUROCs of 0.89, 0.90, and 0.90, respectively, for low-risk gastric GISTs; 0.82, 0.83, and 0.83 for intermediate-risk gastric GISTs; and 0.86, 0.86, and 0.85 for high-risk gastric GISTs. In the validation dataset, CNN_layer3 (Obuchowski index, 0.871) provided similar performance than CNN_layer9 and CNN_layer15 (Obuchowski index, 0.875 and 0.873, respectively) in prediction of the gastric GIST risk category (All P >.05). Conclusions The CNN based on preoperative venous-phase CT images showed good performance for predicting the risk category of gastric GISTs.

Stainless steel welding has been widely used in industrial manufacturing, and friction stir welding has been recognized to reduce production costs significantly. To fully utilize the different properties of 2507 super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) and 317L austenitic stainless steel (ASS), the mechanical and surface properties of 2507 SDSS and 317L ASS dissimilar stainless steel joints were improved using the friction stir welding (FSW) method. The influence of rotation speed on the microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of the weld joints was investigated by welding at a constant speed of 20 mm/min within the range of 300–600 rpm. Specifically, at 400 rpm, a welded joint with optimal performance was obtained. When the rotation speed is 400 rpm, the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the welding joint are 493 and 692 MPa, respectively, and the elongation (EL) is 32 %. The tensile strength is higher than 317L ASS but lower than 2507 SDSS, the EL is lower than those of 317L ASS and 2507 SDSS, and the friction coefficient of the welded joint is 0.93, which is between 317L ASS and 2507 SDSS. Notably, the refinement of grains in the stirred zone significantly improved the corrosion resistance of the welded joint, considerably exceeding that of the 317L ASS but still lower than the 2507 SDSS. This work can provide a process reference for studying the mechanical and corrosion properties of dissimilar stainless steel FSW.

The time series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) (TSInSAR) is an effective technique for monitoring surface deformation with wide coverage and millimeter accuracy. There are two types of scatterers in the SAR field of view, including the permanent scatterer (PS) and the distributed scatterer (DS). Compared to PS with temporarily stable scattering behavior, the filtered interferometric phases are not consistent for DS susceptible to the decorrelation effect. To overcome the phase inconsistency degradation problem of the decorrelated DSs, the phase linking (PL) theory is introduced to recover the equivalent single-reference (ESR) phases from all interferometric combinations. However, the optimization performance of the PL theory is affected by the uncontrollable estimation error of coherence magnitude. Here, we present a novel enhanced PL (EPL) by incorporating with a priori temporal decorrelation model (TDM) to enhance the weight of the short-term interferograms and suppress the abrupt coherence jump with the long temporal baseline. Real experiment selects the Daguangbao landslide triggered by the ‘5.12’ Wenchuan Mw 7.9 earthquake as the study area to verify the algorithm’s effectiveness. Compared to traditional PL methods, the new EPL method can recover the interferometric phase fringe more clearly and obtain a smoother deformation velocity spatially with higher estimation accuracy.

Liver fibrosis, a common characteristic in various chronic liver diseases, is largely influenced by glycolysis. Quercetin (QE), a natural flavonoid known to regulate glycolysis, was studied for its effects on liver fibrosis and its underlying mechanism. Results showed that QE effectively improved liver injury and fibrosis caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). This was supported by evidence of improved pathological features and reduced levels of serum markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total bile acid (TBA), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), and procollagen type III. QE also decreased lactate production and downregulated the expression of glycolysis-related enzymes – pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), phosphofructokinase platelet (PFKP), and hexokinase 2 (HK2) – at both the mRNA and protein levels. In liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), QE reduced the expression and activity of these enzymes, resulting in reduced glucose consumption, ATP production, and lactate generation. Further analysis revealed that QE inhibited the production of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) and suppressed neutrophil recruitment. Overall, QE showed promising therapeutic potential for liver fibrosis by targeting LSEC glycolysis and reducing neutrophil infiltration.

Peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) represent one of the primary neuropathies leading to lifelong disability. Nerve regeneration and targeted muscle atrophy stand as the two most crucial factors influencing functional rehabilitation post peripheral nerve injury. Over time, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) rehabilitation approaches such as acupuncture, Tuina, and microneedles serve as pivot means to activate the regeneration of injured nerve Schwann cells. By promoting axon regeneration, these approaches can accomplish nerve repair, reconstruction, and functional rehabilitation. Although TCM rehabilitation approaches have clinically demonstrated effectiveness in promoting the repair and regeneration of PNI, the related molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This significantly hampers the application and promotion of TCM rehabilitation in PNI recovery. Therefore, deeply delving into the cellular and molecular mechanisms of TCM rehabilitation technologies to foster nerve regeneration stands as the most pressing issue. On the other hand, in recent years, novel biomaterials represented by hydrogels, microfluidic platforms, and new chitosan scaffolds have showed their unique roles in treating various degrees of nerve injury. These methods exhibit immense potential in conducting high-throughput cell and organoid culture in vitro and synthesizing diverse tissue engineering scaffolds and drug carriers. We believe that the combination of TCM rehabilitation technology and novel biomaterials can more effectively address precise treatment issues such as identification of treatment target and dosage control. Therefore, this paper not only summarizes the molecular mechanisms of TCM rehabilitation technology and novel biomaterials in treating peripheral nerve injury individually, but also explores the research direction of precise treatment by integrating the two at both macro and micro levels. Such integration may facilitate the exploration of cellular and molecular mechanisms related to neurodegeneration and regeneration, providing a scientific and theoretical foundation for the precise functional rehabilitation of PNI in the future.

AbstractContext Yiqi Liangxue Shengji prescription (YQLXSJ) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula that has long been used for treatment after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Objective To investigate the putative pharmacological mechanism of YQLXSJ on restenosis through an integrated approach utilizing metabolomics and network pharmacology.Materials and methods Forty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into sham, model, YQLXSJ, and positive groups. YQLXSJ group received the treatment of YQLXSJ (6 g/kg/d, i.g.) and the positive group was treated with atorvastatin (2 mg/kg/d, i.g.). After 4 weeks, the improvement in intimal hyperplasia was evaluated by ultrasound, H&E staining, and immunofluorescence. UPLC–MS/MS technology was utilized to screen the differential metabolites. Network pharmacology was conducted using TCMSP, GeneCards, and Metascape, etc., in combination with metabolomics. Eventually, the core targets were acquired and validated.Results Compared to models, YQLXSJ exhibited decreased intima-media thickness on ultrasound (0.23 ± 0.02 mm vs. 0.20 ± 0.01 mm, p

Overload failure under coupling conditions of elevated temperature and combined tension-bending (CTB) is one of the typical failure modes of aero-engine low-pressure compressor blade materials, which is commonly occurring in fighter engines performing low-altitude high-speed penetration missions. In this study, the elasto-plastic deformation behavior and fracture mechanism of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy under coupling conditions of elevated temperature and CTB were investigated by experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). CTB tests were conducted on Ti–6Al–4V alloy in the pre-tension ratio range of 0.60–0.90 and in the temperature range of 298 K–573 K. The results show that the maximum bending load, effective bending modulus, and total energy dissipated for the Ti–6Al–4V alloy at room temperature increase with the increase of the pre-tension ratio. The maximum bending load and the energy dissipated are significantly higher at elevated temperatures compared to that of room temperature, due to the elevated temperature induced deformation mode change from bending-dominated to tensile-dominated. The FEA results are in good agreement with the experimental results. SEM fractography indicated that the Ti–6Al–4V alloy fracture at elevated temperature showed only equiaxed dimples, which exhibited a tensile fracture mode. This study is valuable for the in-depth understanding of the deformation behavior and fracture mechanism of blade materials under elevated temperature and complex loads.

ABSTRACTSelective laser melted (SLMed) AlSi10Mg alloys usually fail before necking during tensile tests, which results in inadequate ductility. To overcome this problem, here we introduced Al4C3 nanorods into the primary Al cells of SLMed AlSi10Mg via in-situ chemical reaction. Tensile tests revealed that those in-cell Al4C3 nanorods not only increased the strain-hardening ability of SLMed AlSi10Mg but also delayed the fracture beyond necking. Consequently, 15% of tensile strength increase and 78% of ductility increase were achieved simultaneously. Post-tensile TEM analysis revealed that those in-cell Al4C3 nanorods pinned and accumulated dislocations within cells and thus alleviated stress concentration along cell boundaries.

Summary: The dysfunction and clonal constriction of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells are accompanied by alterations in cellular metabolism; however, how the cell-intrinsic metabolic pathway specifies intratumoral CD8+ T cell features remains elusive. Here, we show that cell-autonomous generation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) via the kynurenine pathway (KP) contributes to the maintenance of intratumoral CD8+ T cell metabolic and functional fitness. De novo NAD+ synthesis is involved in CD8+ T cell metabolism and antitumor function. KP-derived NAD+ promotes PTEN deacetylation, thereby facilitating PTEN degradation and preventing PTEN-dependent metabolic defects. Importantly, impaired cell-autonomous NAD+ synthesis limits CD8+ T cell responses in human colorectal cancer samples. Our results reveal that KP-derived NAD+ regulates the CD8+ T cell metabolic and functional state by restricting PTEN activity and suggest that modulation of de novo NAD+ synthesis could restore CD8+ T cell metabolic fitness and antitumor function.

BackgroundClonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) is a epidemiologically significant food-borne parasite, causing several hepatobiliary diseases. Biliary microbiota community structure might be influenced by infection with pathogens. However, the biliary microbiome of biliary obstruction patients infected with C. sinensis is still an unexplored aspect.MethodsA total of 50 biliary obstruction patients were enrolled, including 24 infected with C. sinensis and 26 non-infected subjects. The bile samples were collected by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancretography. Biliary microbiota alteration was analyzed through high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing.ResultsOur findings revealed that there was significant increase in both richness and diversity, as well as changes in the taxonomic composition of the biliary microbiota of C. sinensis infected patients. At the phylum level, C. sinensis infection induced Proteobacteria increased and Firmicutes reduced. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus increased significantly, while Enterococcus decreased prominently in infected groups (P < 0.05). The PICRUSt analysis further showed remarkably different metabolic pathways between the two groups.ConclusionC. sinensis infection could modify the biliary microbiota, increasing the abundance and changing the phylogenetic composition of bacterial in biliary obstruction patients. This study may help deepen the understanding of the host-biliary microbiota interplay with C. sinensis infection on the background of biliary obstruction and provide new insights into understanding the pathogenesis of clonorchiasis.

Laser powder bed fused (LPBFed) AlSi10Mg is recognised for its superior mechanical properties. However, its thermal stability has never been justified. Herein, we exposed as-built AlSi10Mg to different temperatures (200–500°C) for only 3 min to evaluate its thermal stability. Results showed that LPBFed AlSi10Mg had relatively low thermal stability. Only 3 min of thermal exposure at 200°C would deteriorate its tensile strength dramatically. Microstructural analysis revealed that with increasing thermal input, as-built AlSi10Mg exhibited a microstructural evolution similar to annealing of cold-worked metals, namely recovery, recrystallisation followed by grain-growth. The excessive energy stored in as-built microstructure due to fast cooling during LPBF was deduced as the driving force for this phenomenon. Therefore, such microstructural change was at the expense of dislocations stored in the as-built material, which in turn caused deterioration in tensile strength. The present findings may provide guidance for the application of LPBFed AlSi10Mg.

Abstract Background Remimazolam tosilate (RT) is a novel short-acting GABA (A) receptor agonist that has a rapid recovery from procedural sedation and can be fully reversed by flumazenil. To date, there have been relatively few articles comparing RT and propofol for general anesthesia. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of RT with or without flumazenil compared with propofol in general anesthesia for day surgery. Methods 115 patients scheduled for day surgery were randomized into three groups: RT (n = 39), RT + flumazenil (n = 38) and propofol (n = 38). The primary endpoints were anesthesia induction time and time until fully alert. Anesthesia success rate, bispectral index (BIS) values, injection pain, opioid and vasopressor dosages, postoperative recovery profiles and perioperative inflammatory and cognitive changes were assessed. Any adverse events were recorded. Results Induction times were similar among the three groups (P = 0.437), but the median time until fully alert in patients treated with RT was longer than that of the propofol or RT + flumazenil groups (17.6 min vs. 12.3 min vs. 12.3 min, P 0.05). Smaller percentages of patients who received RT (26.3%) and RT + flumazenil (31.6%) developed hypotension during anesthesia maintenance compared with propofol (68.4%), and consequently less ephedrine (P

Abstract Predicting wind power ramp events directly based on the historical ramp event time series has drawn increasing attention recently. But the class imbalance problem of the ramp event time series significantly affects the prediction accuracy of ramp events. In the present study, a layer oversampling (LOS) method is proposed considering the relation characteristics of wind power amplitudes and the occurrence frequency of wind power ramp events. Meanwhile, a hybrid sampling method of error bootstrap‐LOS (EB‐LOS) is proposed by combining LOS with the EB oversampling method. After balancing the samples of the ramp and nonramp events by using different sampling methods, the backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and the long short‐term memory (LSTM) methods are employed to directly predict ramp events based on historical data collected from eight wind farms. Comparison results proved that the proposed EB‐LOS method achieves the best prediction performance with an average recall of 0.8196 when using the BPNN model to directly predict ramp events. The best prediction performance of the EB‐LOS method is also proved by using the LSTM model to directly predict ramp events.

Background: Positive UroVysion™ fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is generally considered as urothelial carcinoma (UC). We clarify if UroVysion™ FISH can be positive in carcinoma of non-urothelial lineages (CNUL), and verify the consistency of urine FISH and histological FISH in CNUL.Methods: All CNUL subjects detected by urine FISH assay due to haematuria from Tongji Hospital were screened. Meanwhile, 2 glandular cystitis and 2 urothelial carcinoma were served as negative or positive control. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections of all subjects were sent to the pathology department for histological FISH detection.Results: A total of 27 patients were included in this study, including 9 with adenocarcinomas, 11 with squamous cell carcinomas, and 7 with other tumour types. The overall positive rate in urine FISH was 64.00% (16/25) in patients with CNUL, 77.78% (7/9) in those with adenocarcinoma and 54.55% (6/11) in those with squamous carcinoma. There was a significant difference in the GLP p16 gene deletion rate between UC and CNUL (100% vs. 8.00%, p = 0.017). Histological FISH results showed that the histological results of 19 patients were consistent with their urine FISH results, and only one patient with stage Ⅲa urachal carcinoma had inconsistent histological FISH results (positive) and urine FISH (negative) results.Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time the application value of FISH in CNUL on urine samples. Positive urine FISH tests indicate not only UC, but also CNUL. UroVysion™ FISH possibly has a high positive rate in CNUL. CNUL and UC have different genetic changes shown by FISH.

3-D point cloud semantic segmentation is a fundamental task for scene understanding, but this task remains challenging due to the diverse scene classes, data defects, and occlusions. Most existing deep learning-based methods focus on new designs of feature extraction operators but neglect the importance of exploiting multiscale point information in the network, which is crucial for identifying objects under complex scenes. To tackle this limitation, we propose an innovative network called PointNest that efficiently learns multiscale point feature propagation for accurate point segmentation. PointNest employs a deep nested U-shape encoder–decoder architecture, where the encoder learns multiscale point features through nested feature aggregation units at different network depths and propagates local geometric contextual information with skip connections along horizontal and vertical directions. The decoder then receives multiscale nested features from the encoder to progressively recover geometric details of the abstracted decoding point features for pointwise semantic prediction. In addition, we introduce a deep supervision strategy to further promote multiscale information propagation in the network for efficient training and performance improvement. Experiments on three public benchmarks demonstrate that PointNest outperforms existing mainstream methods with the mean intersection over union scores of 68.8%, 74.7%, and 62.7% in S3DIS, Toronto-3D, and WHU-MLS datasets, respectively.

Background/purpose: Glide path management (GPM) is a consequential clinical step that serves to influence predictably successful root canal therapy. However, the effect of GPM on the shaping ability of single-file system remains controversial. This study compared the performance of rotary single-file One Curve (OC) and reciprocating single-file Reciproc Blue (RCB) in combination with/without different glide path techniques: no glide path preparation (NG), PathFile (PF), ProGlider (PG) and WaveOne Gold Glider (WOGG), respectively. Materials and methods: 80 simulated curved canals (n = 10 canals/per group) were instrumented to an apical size of 0.25 mm using OC and RCB in combination with/without different glide path techniques, respectively. The amount of resin removal, canal transportation, and the degree of canal straightening were measured in Photoshop CS6 software. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post hoc test with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). Results: Post–glide path analysis found that WOGG and PG produced less canal transportation and curvature straightening than PF (P

Abstract Background This study attempted to verify the potential of KCNJ14 as a biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Data on transcriptomics and DNA methylation and the clinical information of CRC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Biological information analysis methods were conducted to determine the role of KCNJ14 in the prognosis, diagnosis, immune cell infiltration, and regulation mechanism of CRC patients. The effect of KCNJ14 on the proliferation and migration of HCT116 and SW480 CRC cell lines was verified by in vitro experiments (MTT, colony-forming, wound healing, and transwell assays). Western blotting was performed to detect the effect of KCNJ14 on the levels of mTOR signalling pathway-related proteins. Results KCNJ14 expression was remarkably increased in CRC tissues and cell lines, which reduced the overall survival time of patients. KCNJ14 mRNA was negatively regulated by its methylation site cg17660703, which can also endanger the prognosis of patients with CRC. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that KCNJ14 is involved in the mTOR, NOD-like receptor, and VEGF signalling pathways. KCNJ14 expression was positively correlated with the number of CD4 + T cells and negatively correlated with that of CD8 + T cells in the immune microenvironment. KCNJ14 knockdown significantly reduced not only the proliferation and migration of CRC cell lines but also the levels of mTOR signalling pathway-related proteins. Conclusions This study not only increases the molecular understanding of KCNJ14 but also provides a potentially valuable biological target for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Imbalanced class data are commonly observed in pattern analysis, machine learning, and various real-world applications. Conventional approaches often resort to resampling techniques in order to address the imbalance, which inevitably alter the original data distribution. This paper proposes a novel classification method that leverages optimal transport for handling imbalanced data. Specifically, we establish a transport plan between training and testing data without modifying the original data distribution, drawing upon the principles of optimal transport theory. Additionally, we introduce a non-convex interclass regularization term to establish connections between testing samples and training samples with the same class labels. This regularization term forms the basis of a regularized discrete optimal transport model, which is employed to address imbalanced classification scenarios. Subsequently, in line with the concept of maximum minimization, a maximum minimization algorithm is introduced for regularized discrete optimal transport. Subsequent experiments on 17 Keel datasets with varying levels of imbalance demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach compared to 11 other widely used techniques for class-imbalanced classification. Additionally, the application of the proposed approach to water quality evaluation confirms its effectiveness.

Abstract Anomaly detection of steam turbines is to recognize infrequent instances within sensor data that plays a vital role in stable power supply. Machine learning models have been applied to diagnose the faults of turbine and verified useful for identifying engine problem. To detect anomalies of steam turbines with machine learning methods, here, an approach called hierarchical pre‐warning strategy is proposed that combines clustering methods with classification methods. Three different clustering methods, K‐means, Isolation Forest and Local Outlier Factor, are chosen to separate anomalies from normal data. Since clustering results cannot give unanimous decision, the clustering instances are labelled with three classes, real anomalies, suspected anomalies and normal data, according to their overlapping recognition. Subsequently, five classification algorithms, k‐nearest neighbour, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest and gradient boosting decision tree, have been examined to train the labelled data set. The classification results illustrate that gradient boosting decision tree and random forest are much more precise to detect real anomalies of steam turbines. The real anomalies identified by clustering methods have been classified into suspected anomalies by this approach that is more practicable and consistent with ground truth.

3D point cloud semantic segmentation is crucial for 3D environment perception and scene understanding, where learning of local context in point clouds is a crucial challenge. Existing approaches typically explore local context based on the predefined neighbors of point clouds. However, the widely used K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN) is far from optimal in defining local neighbors. In this study, we propose NeiEA-Net, a conceptually simple and effective network for point cloud semantic segmentation. The key to our approach is to optimize the local neighbors in 3D Euclidean space by taking full advantage of high-dimensional feature space as much as possible. In addition, we introduce a neighbor feature aggregation module to adaptively aggregate features with different scales in the local neighbors to further reduce the redundant information, thereby effectively learning the local details of point clouds. Experiments conducted on three large-scale benchmarks, S3DIS, Toronto3D and SensatUrban, demonstrate the superiority of our network.

Activation of STING signaling in DCs promotes antitumor immunity. Aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic hallmark of activated DCs, but how the glycolytic pathway intersects with STING signaling in tumor-infiltrating DCs remains elusive. Here, we show that glycolysis drives STING signaling to facilitate DC-mediated antitumor immune responses. Tumor-infiltrating DCs exhibited elevated glycolysis, and blockade of glycolysis by DC-specific Ldha/Ldhb double deletion resulted in defective antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, glycolysis augmented ATP production to boost STING activation and STING-dependent DC antitumor functions. Moreover, DC-intrinsic STING activation accelerated HIF-1α–mediated glycolysis and established a positive feedback loop. Importantly, glycolysis facilitated STING-dependent DC activity in tissue samples from patients with non–small cell lung cancer. Our results provide mechanistic insight into how the crosstalk of glycolytic metabolism and STING signaling enhances DC antitumor activity and can be harnessed to improve cancer therapies.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the left and right ventricular segmental and global myocardial function of normal fetuses using velocity vector imaging and explore the correlation between global myocardial function parameters and gestational age.MethodsA total of 127 normal fetuses were selected and divided into five groups according to gestational age for the measurement of their left and right ventricular segmental and global velocity, strain, and strain rate. This study also explored the change trend in the global myocardial function parameters at different gestational ages and analyzed its correlation with gestational age.ResultsThe peak velocities of the biventricular segments of the normal fetuses showed a decreasing trend from the basal to the middle to the apex segment, and the differences were statistically significant (P 0.05). The peak global velocity of both ventricles increased with the gestational age, and it was moderately correlated with gestational age; however, the correlation of strain and peak strain rate with gestational age was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).ConclusionIn normal fetuses, the peak myocardial velocity of the biventricular segments showed a decreasing trend from the basal to the apical segment. The global peak myocardial velocity was linearly correlated with gestational age; however, the global strain and peak strain rate did not change as gestational age increased, indicating that the myocardial deformability of the fetus' ventricles was constant in the middle and late trimesters.

The Salix viminalis var. gmelinii Turcz 1854 is a variant of the Salix genus, from the Salicaceae family, and possesses an extremely high economic value. In this study the complete chloroplast genome of the woody plant S. viminalis var. gmelinii was characterized for the first time using a high-throughput approach in conjunction with de novo assembly technology. The S.viminalis var. gmelinii chloroplast genome is 155,405 base pairs (bp) in length and contains 36.71% GC content. It incorporates a large single-copy region (LSC, 84,287bp) alongside one small-copy region (SSC, 16,198bp), and two inverted repeat regions (IRA and IRB, 27,460bp). Moreover, this chloroplast genome encodes 128 genes, which comprises 83 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that S.viminalis var. gmelinii is closely related to S. cupularis and S.gordejevii.

Polyimide (PI) films are widely used in electronic devices owing to their excellent mechanical and electrical properties and high thermal and chemical stabilities. In particular, PI films play an important role in flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs). However, one challenge currently faced with their use is that the adhesives used in FPCBs cause a high dielectric loss in high-frequency applications. Therefore, it is envisioned that PI films with a low dielectric loss and Cu films can be used to prepare two-layer flexible copper-clad laminates (FCCLs) without any adhesive. However, the preparation of ultra-thin FCCLs with no adhesives is difficult owing to the low peel strength between PI films and Cu films. To address this technical challenge, an FCCL with no adhesive was prepared via high-power helicon wave plasma (HWP) treatment. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were tested. Also, the surface roughness of the PI film and the peel strength between the PI film and Cu film were measured. The experimental results show that the surface roughness of the PI film increased by 40–65% and the PI film demonstrated improved adhesion (the peel strength was >8.0 N/cm) with the Cu film following plasma treatment and Cu plating.

Background/purpose: Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], a wildly used intracanal medicament, should be completely removed from the root canal before obturation to avoid negative effects on the treatment. This study evaluated the effectiveness of conventional needle irrigation (CNI), passive ultrasonic activation (PUI), photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), XP-endo Finisher (XP) and EDDY for the removal of Ca(OH)2 from S-shaped root canal. Materials and methods: Eighty-four S-shaped root canals in resin blocks were prepared using Protaper Gold up to size #25/0.08 and filled with Ca(OH)2. Five groups were established according to the removal techniques (n = 16): CNI, PUI, PIPS, XP and EDDY group. The positive and negative control group (n = 2) were also established. Sodium hypochlorite 3% was used as the irrigant. Digital radiographs were used to measure the remaining Ca(OH)2. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post hoc test with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.05). Results: All the tested techniques completely removed Ca(OH)2 from the straight portion and coronal curve of the S-shaped root canal in 100% of cases. Regarding the apical curve, PUI, EDDY, PIPS and XP removed significantly more Ca(OH)2 than CNI (P 0.05). The complete clearance of Ca(OH)2 from the apical curve was observed in 75%, 62.5%, 56.3%, 43.8% and 0% of cases of PUI, EDDY, PIPS, XP and CNI group, respectively. Conclusion: Irrigant activation enhanced Ca(OH)2 removal from the apical region of the S-shaped root canal. CNI was significantly less effective than all activation techniques.

Background/purpose: Gold metal technology improves flexibility and the resistance to cyclic fatigue of the endodontic mechanical files. This study compared the performance of ProTaper Gold (PTG) multiple file system and WaveOne Gold (WOG) single file system in simulated S-shaped root canals, which represents one of the most challenging root canal morphology. Materials and methods: Forty S-shaped canals (n = 20 canals/per group) in resin blocks were instrumented to an apical size of 0.25 mm using PTG and WOG Primary, respectively. The total amount of resin removal, canal transportation, centering ratio, and the degree of canal straightening were measured in Photoshop CS6 software. Statistical analysis was performed by using Mann–Whitney U-test (α = .05). Results: None of the files fractured during the instrumentation. The WOG group removed significantly less amount of resin at 0, 3, 6, 7 and 9 mm from the apex (P .05). Conclusion: The WOG Primary file has a less aggressive dentin cutting and more centered apical preparation. The PTG system is more advantageous in shaping the coronal curvature of S-shaped canal.

The concept of low-carbon economic development has led to changes in the business environment and financial environment of enterprises, leading to increased financial risks faced by enterprises. How to help enterprises better warn, prevent and control financial risks from the perspective of low-carbon economy has become a hot issue worth studying. Based on this, this paper is based on the perspective of low carbon economy, on the basis of analyzing the financing risk, investment risk, capital operation risk and growth risk faced by enterprises under the requirements of low carbon economy development. A set of financial risk management framework with clear hierarchy and strict vertical logic has been constructed. Ten financial early-warning indicators are constructed from four aspects. The risk prediction model of the indicator system is established using the research method of BPNN (Back Propagation Neural Network). The model is trained and simulated through the MATLAB neural network toolbox. After 10 indicators passed Bartlett’s correlation test, the BPNN financial early warning model was programmed using MATLAB software. The accuracy rate was 84.3%. The neural network training results show that when the layer node is 8, the best correct recognition rate can be obtained. Incorporate “low carbon” into the financial risk early warning indicator system that meets the requirements of low carbon economic development in the design of enterprise financial risk early warning indicators. This paper is expected to provide reference and reference for low-carbon economy enterprises to deal with financial risks under the new situation.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of three final irrigants, namely QMix, MTAD and EDTA, combined with three irrigation techniques, namely conventional needle irrigation (CNI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), on smear layer removal, dentin mineral content and microhardness in oval-shaped canals. 130 decoronated premolars with single, oval root canals were equally divided into1 blank control group and 12 treatment groups (n=10) according to the final irrigation protocols. Roots in treatment groups were instrumented with ProTaper Gold to size F4 and subjected to final irrigation. Smear layer removal was assessed by using a four-level scoring system under an environmental scanning electron microscope. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was performed to measure the dentin mineral content. Dentin microhardness was measured by Knoop microhardness testing. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s post hoc test with Bonferroni correction. PUI- and PIPS-activated QMix and EDTA removed smear layer more effectively than MTAD groups (p

Salix kochiana Trautvetter 1837 is one of the highest value shrubs present in northern China with important economic and ecological benefits. This study revealed the structural characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of chloroplast genes in S. kochiana Trautv. The results showed that the length of the complete chloroplast genome was 155,657 bp, which was a typical circular double-stranded structure, including an 84,458 bp large single-copy region (LSC), a 16,221 bp small single-copy region (SSC) and a 27,489 bp pair of inverted repeat regions (IRA and IRB). The chloroplast genome contains 48,757 A bases, 28,017 G bases, 49,843 T bases, and 29,040 C bases, with a GC content of 36.66%. Through bioinformatics annotation, a total of 126 genes were found in the chloroplast genome, including 81 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. kochiana Trautv. was closely related to S. triandroides.

In recent years, TNS has attracted wide attention because of its simplicity in synthesis and high efficiency in ion exchange. The adsorption of cesium ions in aqueous solution by TNS was investigated in this study. Results show that the removal rate of Cs (I) is about 88% when pH = 5.00 ± 0.05, C0 = 10 ppm and CTNS = 0.1 g/L. The adsorption equilibrium is reached in about 20 minutes and best fits the pseudo-second order model, R2 = 0.9998; compared with the Freundlich isotherm adsorption model and Temkin model, the Langmuir model has the best fitting effect, R2 = 0.9903. The fitting results show the maximum adsorption capacity of TNS for Cs (I) is 200.00 mg/g. The main adsorption mechanism of TNS to cesium ion is ion exchange. Therefore, TNS can be used as a potential adsorbent for effectively adsorbing Cs-containing wastewater. HIGHLIGHTS The removal of Cs (I) from aqueous solutions by TNS was firstly studied.; TNS showed a high adsorption capacity for Cs (I).; The solution pH played a significant role in the adsorption process of Cs (I).; TNS exhibited an excellent selectivity for Cs (I) in the interference of common cations.; The adsorption mechanism was the ion exchange between the interlayer Na (I) of TNS and Cs (I).;

Hall thrusters function as power plants on spacecraft, and its development is crucial for the aerospace industry. The wall erosion of the on-orbit Hall thruster cannot be measured by the control center through ground measurement, but can obtain the discharge current low-frequency oscillation data. Therefore, this study proposes an inversion method to obtain the wall erosion information based on low-frequency oscillation signals and neural networks. Firstly, we use an improved one-dimensional quasi-neutral dynamic fluid mathematical model to build a low-frequency oscillation simulation platform which obtains the corresponding data by varying the cross-sectional area. Secondly, a nonlinear neural network model is established based on the obtained low-frequency oscillation data to invert the wall erosion information. The training function, transfer function, number of hidden layer nodes, and other parameters affecting the results are analyzed and the best model parameters are obtained. The Elman neural network is established and compared with the BP neural network and RBF neural network. The training results of the Elman neural network algorithm present small and stable errors, and the results of multiple predictions remain consistent. The root means square error, average absolute error, and average absolute percentage are 0.0084, 0.0637, and 0.045%, respectively.

Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) are widely used in medicine, animal husbandry and aquaculture, and excessive intake of SAs may pose potential toxicity to organisms. The toxicological mechanisms of two classical SAs, sulfamerazine (SMR) and sulfamethoxazole (SMT), were investigated by molecular docking, DFT and multi-spectroscopic techniques using HSA and BSA as model proteins. The quenching of HSA/BSA endogenous fluorescence by SMR was higher than that by SMT due to the stronger binding effect of the pyrimidine ring on HSA/BSA compared to the oxazole ring, and that result was consistent with that predicted by DFT calculations. Thermodynamic parameters show that the binding of SAs to HSA/BSA is an exothermic process that proceeds spontaneously (ΔG < 0). Marker competition experiments illustrate that the binding site of SMR/SMT on serum albumin is located in subdomain IIIA. The combination of SAs and HSA/BSA is mainly realized by hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction, and the concept is also supported by molecular modeling. The reduced α-helix content of HSA/BSA induced by SMR/SMT indicates a greater stretching of the protein α-helix structure of the SMR/SMT-HSA/BSA. The results could provide useful toxicological information on the hazards of SAs in response to growing concern that SAs may pose a toxic threat to organisms.

Since flexible peak shaving has been implemented in a growing number of high-power turbo-generator sets in the power grid owing to increasing demand, the load control performance of steam turbines directly affects the safety and efficiency of the unit operation. Load-following issues, especially load mutation, weaken the frequency control performance of the unit and cause load fluctuation faults, threatening power grid safety and stability. However, the definition, classification, characterization, generation mechanism, and diagnostic methods for load mutation problems have not been systematically researched. Based on the operational data of various turbo-generator set cases, this study systematically assessed three typical load mutation problems; namely, the common fault of unreasonable parameter settings of the control system as well as new-found faults in the actuator hardware and electrical interference. Subsequently, the fault mechanisms and characterization parameters of the different set capacities were analyzed and extracted. Furthermore, a diagnosis method was designed according to the actual problem, based on which fault type was identified. Case analysis of typical sets demonstrated that this method can quickly test and diagnose faults when in actual real-world scenarios and effectively determine the cause of the fault. This method can also detect the initial fault features, which is convenient for daily maintenance and avoids fault aggravation.

The gas-liquid counter-current flow limitation (CCFL) is closely related to efficient and safety operation of many equipment in industrial cycle. Air-water countercurrent flow experiments were performed in a tube with diameter of 25 mm to understand the triggering mechanism of CCFL. A parallel electrode probe was utilized to measure film thickness whereby the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of liquid film was obtained. The amplitude of the interface wave is small at low liquid flow rate while it becomes large at high liquid flow rate after being disturbed by the airflow. The spectral characteristic curve shows a peak-shaped distribution. The crest exists between 0 and 10 Hz and the amplitude decreases with the frequency increase. The analysis of visual observation and characteristic of film thickness indicate that two flooding mechanisms were identified at low and high liquid flow rate, respectively. At low liquid flow rate, the interfacial waves upward propagation is responsible for the formation of CCFL onset. While flooding at high liquid flow rate takes place as a direct consequence of the liquid bridging in tube due to the turbulent flow pattern. Moreover, it is believed that there is a transition region between the low and high liquid flow rate.

Given the prominence of 3D sensors in recent years, 3D point cloud scene data are worthy to be further investigated. Point cloud scene understanding is a challenging task because of its characteristics of large-scale and discrete. In this study, we propose a network called LEARD-Net, focuses on semantic segmentation for the large-scale point cloud scene data with color information. The proposed network contains three main components: (1) To fully utilize color information of point clouds rather than just as initial input features, we propose a robust local feature extraction module (LFE) to benefit the network focus on both spatial geometric structure, color information and semantic features. (2) We propose a local feature aggregation module (LFA) to benefit the network to focus on the local significant features while also focus on the entire local neighbor. (3) To allow the network to focus on both local and comprehensive features, we use residual and dense connections (ResiDense) to connect different-level LFE and LFA modules. Comparing with state-of-the-art networks on several large-scale benchmark datasets, including S3DIS, Toronto3D and Semantic3D, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our LEARD-Net.

Improving the dynamic regulation ability of thermal power units is effective for realizing flexible scheduling in modern power systems. At present, the unit regulation capacity is usually reflected by the load adjustment of the main steam pressure and flow tracking ability, through the calculation of the given and real-time deviation to complete the load, and by pressure adjustment. However, although the calculation involved in this method is easy and the results are intuitive, overshoot and lag can easily occur. The main reason for this is that the process from boiler combustion to turbine works has strong hysteresis and inertia, and the feedback signal of the pressure and flow rate cannot dynamically reflect the change in boiler combustion and steam energy. According to the heat transfer process of the unit, the main steam temperature can directly reflect the energy transfer in the furnace combustion process and then reflect the changing trend of steam energy. Analyzing the changing characteristics of the temperature, pressure, and flow of superheated steam under rapid load regulations makes it possible to calculate the instantaneous energy storage value of the main steam before the regulating valve, and this value was inserted into the coordinate system as a new feedforward signal. Finally, a simulation model was established by using the actual running data of the unit. A simulation experiment under variable working conditions demonstrated that this method could improve the dynamic adjustment of the unit to load and pressure and help the power grid absorb renewable energy.

Abstract Background Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a very common complication that might increase the morbidity and mortality of elderly patients after surgery. However, the mechanism of POCD remains largely unknown. The NAD-dependent deacetylase protein Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is located in the mitochondria and regulates mitochondrial function. SIRT3 is the only sirtuin that specifically plays a role in extending lifespan in humans and is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SIRT3 on anesthesia/surgery-induced cognitive impairment in aged mice. Methods SIRT3 expression levels were decreased after surgery. For the interventional study, an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-SIRT3 vector or an empty vector was microinjected into hippocampal CA1 region before anesthesia/surgery. Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure the oxidative stress response and downstream microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokines, and Golgi staining and long-term potentiation (LTP) recording were applied to evaluate synaptic plasticity. Results Overexpression of SIRT3 in the CA1 region attenuated anesthesia/surgery-induced learning and memory dysfunction as well as synaptic plasticity dysfunction and the oxidative stress response (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and malondialdehyde [MDA]) in aged mice with POCD. In addition, microglia activation (ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 [Iba1]) and neuroinflammatory cytokine levels (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-1β and IL-6) were regulated after anesthesia/surgery in a SIRT3-dependent manner. Conclusion The results of the current study demonstrate that SIRT3 has a critical effect in the mechanism of POCD in aged mice by suppressing hippocampal neuroinflammation and reveal that SIRT3 may be a promising therapeutic and diagnostic target for POCD.

Recent advances in deep-learning methods have shown extraordinary performance in road extraction from high resolution satellite imagery. However, most existing deep-learning network models yield discontinuous and incomplete results because of shadows and occlusions. To address this problem, a dual-attention road extraction network (DA-RoadNet) with a certain semantic reasoning ability is proposed. First, DA-RoadNet is designed based on a shallow encoder-to-decoder network with densely connected blocks, which can minimize the loss of road structure information caused by multiple down-sampling operations. Moreover, by constructing a novel attention mechanism module, the proposed network is able to explore and integrate the invisible correlations among road features with their global dependency in spatial and channel dimension respectively. Finally, considering that the proportion of road samples is small in the satellite imagery, a hybrid loss function is appended to handle class imbalance, which enables the network model to train stablely and avoid local optimum. The validation experiments using two open road datasets demonstrate that the proposed DA-RoadNet can effectively solve discontinuous problems and preserve integrity of the extracted roads, thus resulting in a higher accuracy of road extraction compared with other developed state-of-the-arts. The considerable performance on the two challenging benchmarks also proves the powerful generation ability of our method.

Visible infrared person re-identification (VI-ReID) is an extremely challenging task. VI-ReID suffers from two challenges. One is the cross-modality discrepancy due to different camera spectrums, the other is the intra-modality variation caused by the noise of background clutter or occlusion. We propose a global-level and local-level constraints network (GLoC-Net) to learn discriminative feature representations. It mainly contains two aspects. 1) We employ a non-local attention mechanism for extracting shared features to mitigate the cross-modality discrepancy, and present the division operation of local features to alleviate the problem that the non-local attention mechanism is less robust to noise. 2) We propose joint constraints of global-level and local-level to alleviate the intra-modality variation, which makes the algorithm more robust to noise. Experiments demonstrate that the superior performance of proposed method compared with the state-of-the-arts.

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-9 belongs to the IL-2Rγc chain family and is a multifunctional cytokine that can regulate the function of many kinds of cells. It was originally identified as a growth factor of T cells and mast cells. In previous studies, IL-9 was mainly involved in the development of allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases and parasite infections. Recently, IL-9, as a double-edged sword in the development of cancers, has attracted extensive attention. Since T-helper 9 (Th9) cell-derived IL-9 was verified to play a powerful antitumor role in solid tumors, an increasing number of researchers have started to pay attention to the role of IL-9-skewed CD8+ T (Tc9) cells, mast cells and Vδ2 T cell-derived IL-9 in tumor immunity. Here, we review recent studies on IL-9 and several kinds of IL-9-producing cells in tumor immunity to provide useful insight into tumorigenesis and treatment. Video Abstract Graphical abstract

IL-10-producing B Cells (B10) is a functionally defined regulatory B-cell subset. It plays an important role in the control of inflammation and autoimmune diseases, although it is present at low numbers in peripheral blood. Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies such as TRAb. ILC2s maintains Th2 polarization state by producing type-II cytokines. It is not clear whether the level of autoantibody is related to ILC2s and B10 cells in Graves’ disease. In this study, we analyzed the frequencies of B10, Treg cells and ILC2s, as well as the expression of related cytokines in peripheral blood from patients with Graves' disease and evaluated the correlation between B10 cell numbers and autoantibodies level. Our data showed that the frequency of B10 or Treg cells was significantly decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Graves' disease patients, while the percentage of ILC2s cells was increased; the levels of cytokine IL-5, IL-13 and related transcription factor RORα were up-regulated. Autoantibodies analysis also showed that high level of TRAb was accompanied by low rates of B10 cells in patients, there was a negative correlation trend. In addition, the analytical data from mouse disease models also showed similar results. It indicates that B10 cells may affect the production of TRAb by negative regulation of Th2 cells, while ILC2s can promote the production of autoantibodies such as TRAb by maintaining the dominant response state of Th2 cells.

Abstract Background Macrophages are heterogenous phagocytic cells with an important role in the innate immunity. They are, also, significant contributors in the adaptive immune system. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the lung during allergic asthma, which is the most common chronic respiratory disease of both adults and children. Macrophages activated by Th1 cells are known as M1 macrophages while those activated by IL-4 and IL-13 are called alternatively activated macrophages (AAM) or M2 cells. AAM are subdivided into four distinct subtypes (M2a, M2b, M2c and M2d), depending on the nature of inducing agent and the expressed markers. Body IL-4 is the major effector cytokine in both alternative activation of macrophages and pathogenesis of asthma. Thus, the role of M2a macrophages in asthma is a major concern. However, this is controversial. Therefore, further studies are required to improve our knowledge about the role of IL-4-induced macrophages in allergic asthma, through precisive elucidation of the roles of specific M2a proteins in the pathogenesis of asthma. In the current review, we try to illustrate the different functions of M2a macrophages (protective and pathogenic roles) in the pathogenesis of asthma, including explanation of how different M2a proteins and markers act during the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. These include surface markers, enzymes, secreted proteins, chemokines, cytokines, signal transduction proteins and transcription factors. Conclusions AAM is considered a double-edged sword in allergic asthma. Finally, we recommend further studies that focus on increased selective expression or suppression of protective and pathogenic M2a markers.

Abstract Understanding the intrinsic characteristics of wind power is important for the safe and efficient parallel function of wind turbines in large-scale wind farms. Current research on the spectrum characteristics of wind power focuses on estimation of power spectral density, particularly the structural characteristics of Kolmogorov’s scaling law. In this study, the wavelet Mallat algorithm, which is different from the conventional Fourier transform, with compactly supported characteristics is used to extract the envelope of the signal and analyze the instantaneous spectral characteristics of wind power signals. Then, the theory for the change in the center frequency of the wind power is obtained. The results showed that within a certain range, the center frequency decreases as the wind power increases by using enough wind farm data. In addition, the center frequency remains unchanged when the wind power is sufficiently large. Together with the time domain characteristics of wind power fluctuation, we put forward the time-frequency separation characteristics of wind power and the corresponding physical parameter expressions, which corresponds to wind speed’s amplitude and frequency modulation characteristics. Lastly, the physical connotation of the time-frequency separation characteristics of wind power from the perspective of atmospheric turbulent energy transport mechanism and wind turbine energy transfer mechanism is established.

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is one of the most effective reperfusion strategies for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) despite myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, causing one of the causes of most cardiomyocyte injuries and deaths. The pathological processes of myocardial I/R injury include apoptosis, autophagy, and irreversible cell death caused by calcium overload, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Eventually, myocardial I/R injury causes a spike of further cardiomyocyte injury that contributes to final infarct size (IS) and bound with hospitalization of heart failure as well as all-cause mortality within the following 12 months. Therefore, the addition of adjuvant intervention to improve myocardial salvage and cardiac function calls for further investigation. Phytochemicals are non-nutritive bioactive secondary compounds abundantly found in Chinese herbal medicine. Great effort has been put into phytochemicals because they are often in line with the expectations to improve myocardial I/R injury without compromising the clinical efficacy or to even produce synergy. We summarized the previous efforts, briefly outlined the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury, and focused on exploring the cardioprotective effects and potential mechanisms of all phytochemical types that have been investigated under myocardial I/R injury. Phytochemicals deserve to be utilized as promising therapeutic candidates for further development and research on combating myocardial I/R injury. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to provide a better understanding of the mechanism of myocardial I/R injury treatment using phytochemicals and possible side effects associated with this approach.