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This study analyzed major issues related to diabetes during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic by using topic modeling analysis of online news articles provided by BIGKind dating from 20 January 2020, the onset of the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea, to 17 April 2022, the lifting of the social distancing restrictions. We selected 226 articles and conducted topic modeling analysis to identify the main agenda of news related to patients with diabetes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; both latent Dirichlet allocation and visualization were conducted by generating keywords extracted from news text as a matrix using Python 3.0. Four main topics were extracted from the news articles related to “COVID-19” and “diabetes” during the COVID-19 pandemic, including “COVID-19 high-risk group,” “health management through digital healthcare,” “risk of metabolic disease related to quarantine policy,” and “child and adolescent obesity and diabetes.” This study is significant because it uses big data related to diabetes that was reported in the mass media during the new epidemic to identify problems in the health management of patients with diabetes during a new epidemic and discuss areas that should be considered for future interventions.

We aimed to investigate the association of chronic disease and depression with medical service use and expenses in hardcore smokers and provide basic data for health management system of hardcore smokers. This was a secondary data study involving 1735 smokers. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to match hardcore smokers with regular smokers, and a two part model (TPM) was used based on the matched groups. In the case of general smokers, subjects with both depression and chronic disease had a significant relation to medical service use. In the case of hardcore smokers, subjects without depression and with chronic disease or with both depression and chronic disease had increased the use of medical services. The depression and chronic disease of general smokers did not affect the use of medical services. In the case of hardcore smokers, subjects who do not have depression and have only chronic disease (β = 0.20, p = 0.002) or with depression and chronic disease (β = 0.20, p = 0.014) significantly related the use of medical services. Conclusion: It is necessary to establish a health management system that considers both emotional states and chronic disease for hardcore smokers.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the physical activity of children with decreased visual acuity, thereby providing basic data for developing strategies to enhance the physical activity of school-age children. Methods The participants were 1,194 children and 1,194 parents who participated in the 10th Korean Children Panel Survey. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the status of the physical activity of children with decreased visual acuity according to the accessibility of community facilities. Results The mother perceived the accessibility of community facilities as low, children with decreased visual acuity reported 1.20 times shorter over-the-weekend leisure activity time compared with vision-typical children, and they spent 1.41 and 1.33 times shorter on caring for pets and religious activity, respectively. Conclusions To increase the physical activity of children with decreased visual acuity, family-oriented interventions should be provided. It is also important to establish a community environment with enhanced accessibility of community facilities by examining the level of accessibility perceived by parents.

Objective Factors influencing school adaptation of school-aged children include both executive function (EF) and parent–child interaction. This study aims to investigate the developmental trajectory of mother–child interaction longitudinally using latent growth model analysis. Methods A longitudinal descriptive survey study was conducted. The participants comprised of 1,614 mothers and school-aged children, who participated in the Panel Study on Korean Children (6th–8th panel surveys). A model was designed and analyzed using latent growth modeling to estimate the pattern of change over time. Results In the group where the maternal depression was within the normal range, only the path by which the change rate of mother–child interaction affected school adaptation of children was statistically nonsignificant (t = 1.007, p = 0.314). In the group where maternal depression was mild or higher, only the paths by which the initial value of mother–child interaction affected EF difficulty (t = −2.75, p = 0.032) and EF difficulty affected school adaptation (t = −7.876, p < 0.001) were statistically significant. Conclusions This study confirms the research models developed by dividing mother–child interaction into two groups according to depression levels (i.e., normal range and mild or higher-level depression). The findings provide a basis for construction of individualized interventions.

Aim This study attempts to determine the factors affecting problem behaviour and academic performance of children with asthma. Design This is a cross‐sectional study used actor and partner interdependence model. Methods Data of 236 children and their parents from the 10th Panel Study on Korean Children were used, and analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0. We have received panel data from the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education on April 10th, 2019. Results Parental depression had actor and partner effects on marital conflict, and marital conflict perceived by the father had actor and partner effects on parent–child interactions, while marital conflict perceived by the mother had only actor effect on parent–child interactions. Parent–child interaction perceived by both fathers and mothers was found to affect the problem behaviour of children. The problem behaviour of children affects academic performance.

Objective To establish basic data for identifying the level of mental health care competency of general nurses through verification of the reliability and validity of Competency Assessment Tool-Mental Health in the development of a measurement tool for mental health care competency in Korea. Methods This study was conducted on nurses working at general wards, excluding those working at the Department of Psychiatry, in five hospitals with 200 beds or more located in Korea. Content, construct, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the measurement were confirmed. Results As a result of the construct validity, the section on importance of skills and knowledge for mental health care had 21 items, whereas the section on benefits of additional education had 22 items. The internal consistency of measurement was confirmed as follows: Cronbach's α = 0.96 for the section on importance and 0.96 for the section on benefits section. Conclusions This study verified the high validity and reliability of the tool in assessing the mental health care competency of nurses, and it is believed to be significant as basic data for enhancing such competency.

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Korean version of Nursing Student Perceptions of Dishonesty Scale (NSPDS). Methods: The English NSPDS was translated into Korean after going through a translation and reverse translation process. Data for this study were collected from 433 student nurses from 8 universities in Korea, who had clinical practice experience. The final data were evaluated using SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 22.0 for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was tested using Cronbach's ⍺ and test-retest reliability. Results: The exploratory factor analysis showed that 15 items were deleted and 9 subscales were changed into 8 subscales, and the initial 67 items were reduced to 52 items. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with 8 subscales and 52 items. The standardized regression coefficients of all the items were statistically significant and between .66 and .93. Convergent validity confirmed that the critical ratio was greater than .85, and the average variance extracted was greater than .53. The criterion-related validity confirmed a negative correlation between student nurses’ ethical value and the Korean version of NSPDS. Reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach's ⍺ of .80~.95. The test-retest confirmed that the correlation coefficient showed significant positive correlations between .68 and .76 in the subscales. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that the Korean version of NSPDS is an appropriate and reliable tool for identifying dishonesty perceptions among Korean student nurses.

Aim This research is designed to establish and evaluate the effectiveness of a virtual reality simulation program using COVID-19 scenario for nursing students. Design This is a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pre-test-posttest design. Methods The participants were 65 students in their fourth year in nursing college. The knowledge about communicable infectious diseases in the respiratory system, self-efficacy, clinical reasoning capacity and learning satisfaction was evaluated. Results The experimental group showed a significantly higher learning satisfaction (t = 3.01, p = .004). Both groups presented statistically significant differences in knowledge on infectious respiratory diseases, self-efficacy and clinical reasoning between pre-test and posttest. However, knowledge (t = 0.47, p = .643), self-efficacy (t = 0.70, p = .944) and clinical reasoning were not different between the groups.

Clinical nurses have training needs related to the strategies for infection spread prevention. This study aimed to investigate the levels of importance of and performance in the various areas of care for communicable respiratory infections among clinical nurses and to determine the priority of educational needs. Hospitals in which a baseline survey could be conducted were considered, and nurses working in six hospitals that were designated as COVID-19 care centers in Korea were enrolled. The training needs for the care of patients with communicable respiratory infections were analyzed using Borich’s needs equation, and the locus for focus model. Among participants with prior COVID-19 patient care experience, according to Borich’s equation, the need score was the highest for “initial response to communicable respiratory infection”, followed by “management of aerosol-generating procedures in patients with communicable respiratory infection” and “reporting of patients with communicable respiratory infection and death of patient”. An item rated highly in both Borich’s equation and the locus for focus model among the participants with prior experience was “initial response to communicable respiratory infection”. Among participants without prior relevant experience, according to Borich’s equation, the need score was highest for “management of aerosol-generating procedures in patients with a communicable respiratory infection”, followed by “initial response to communicable respiratory infection” and “reporting of patients with communicable respiratory infection and death of patient”. None of the items were rated high in both Borich’s equation and the locus for focus model among participants without relevant prior experience.

The purpose of this study is to develop nursing standard guidelines for nurses in a neonatal intensive care unit. The Delphi method was used in this study to elicit expert consensus. Thirteen experts who were nurses and pediatric adolescent specialists working in the neonatal intensive care unit participated in the study. In this study, 178 items were developed based on 5 nursing practice standards and 7 standards of professional practice. An additional 10 items were included based on observation in the neonatal intensive care unit. After expert validation, a final total of 184 items was developed. The standard guidelines for high-risk neonatal care developed in this study for practical clinical education in nursing are significant because they reflect the nursing practice standards in Korea and characteristics of nursing practice in the neonatal intensive unit.

Background Allergic diseases have a high incidence in childhood and a high chance to be carried over into adulthood unless appropriately treated during childhood, it is important that healthcare providers actively manage these diseases. This study was to identify multidimensional factors that affect weight gain in preschool children with allergic diseases. Methods The overweight and obesity prediction model for children with allergic diseases was analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis and a decision tree model and the present study was a secondary data analysis study that used data from the Panel Study on Korean Children conducted by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. Results The significance of this study is identify multidimensional factors that affect weight gain in preschool children with allergic diseases, which found that children (gender, sitting time during weekdays, sleeping hours during weekends,), parent (education level, mother’s job, quality of the home environment), local community (convenience of local community facilities, satisfaction level with local community facilities, quality of childcare in the local community) characteristics affected overweight and obesity at multidimensional levels as risk factors. Conclusions The significance of this study is identify multidimensional factors that affect weight gain in preschool children with allergic diseases using the data of the Panel Study on Korean Children, which found that children, parent, local community characteristics affected overweight and obesity at multidimensional levels as risk factors.

The purpose of this study was to translate the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire, a semi-quantitative tool that asks participants about time spent on 32 activities, into Korean and verify its validity and reliability. In total, 363 pregnant women under prenatal care at an obstetrics and gynecology hospital and a postpartum care facility in Gyeonggi-do completed the Korean version of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire. The questionnaire&rsquo, s content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, and reliability were verified. After verifying the validity of the contents of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire, all the questions were included in the Korean version. For construct validity, we divided the participants into primipara and multipara groups based on their delivery history. On comparison of the two groups&rsquo, physical activity based on the responses to the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire, there was a statistically significant difference in the total activity (t = &minus, 4.56, p &lt, 0.001) and the total activity (light activity or more) (t = &minus, 5.80, p &lt, 0.001). The correlation between the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire was tested to establish concurrent validity, and a significant correlation was found between all items except for vigorous physical activity. The Guttmann reliability coefficient by the odd-even method was 84. The Korean version of the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire is a suitable tool to measure the physical activity of pregnant women and can be used in clinical practice.

In this study, an in-depth analysis of weight management experiences of breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen is conducted, thereby providing basic data to help develop a multidimensional strategy to reduce recurrence and increase the survival rate of breast cancer patients. Study participants included nine breast cancer patients who were treated with tamoxifen at Kosin University Hospital and Saegyero Hospital in Busan Metropolitan City, Korea. This study employed the photovoice methodology. Participants described the need for family support and cooperation with weight management, provision of personalized weight management programs by medical institutions, provision of information on weight management programs by the community, and financial support for the weight management programs for breast cancer patients at the national level. This study emphasized the importance of weight management for breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen and collected and analyzed vivid opinions of these patients using photos taken by them.

Background : In Korea, to reduce patients’ anxiety regarding anesthesia induction and to increase compliance, the nurses need a measurement for understanding of anesthesia surrendering. This study examined the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the anesthesia surrendering instrument (ASI), which was originally developed to measure anesthesia surrendering in Swedish adults. Methods: The study population consisted of 306 patients who received general anesthesia for abdominal, breast, knee, hip, lower back, or shoulder surgery in ten hospitals across five regions of Korea, from June to September 2019. We assessed the validity of the content, construct, and criterion used, as well as the reliability of the ASI. Results: The results showed that the instrument had appropriate content validity with the item-level content validity index ranging between 0.80 and 1.00 and a scale-level content validity index of 0.90. The construct validity test results showed that it comprised four sub-categories with a total of 26 items, and the internal consistency reliability tests showed Cronbach’s alpha values ranging between 0.71 and 0.88. In summary, the results confirmed that the Korean ASI had adequate reliability and validity. Conclusion: The study findings confirmed the applicability of this instrument for measuring anesthesia surrendering in Korean adults. Moreover, these results may be used in future studies on anesthesia surrendering in Korean adult patients.

This study examined the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the anesthesia surrendering instrument (ASI), which was originally developed to measure anesthesia surrendering in Swedish adults. The study population consisted of 306 patients who received general anesthesia for abdominal, breast, knee, hip, lower back, or shoulder surgery in ten hospitals across five regions of Korea from June to September 2019. The validity of the content, construct, and criterion used, and the reliability of the ASI were assessed. The results showed that the instrument had appropriate content validity, the item-level content validity index ranged between 0.80 and 1.00, and the scale-level content validity index was 0.90. The construct validity test results confirmed four sub-categories with a total of 26 items, and the internal consistency reliability tests showed Cronbach&rsquo, s alpha values ranging between 0.71 and 0.88. The study findings confirmed the applicability of this instrument for measuring anesthesia surrendering in Korean adults. These results provide a foundation for future studies on anesthesia surrendering in Korean adult patients.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to test a structural model that analyzes and comprehensively identifies the factors that affect the psychological well-being of hospital nurses, and to reveal the direct and indirect relationships among the factors. Method The subjects of this study were 217 nurses working in four advanced general hospitals in Metropolitan City B and Province G with at least one experience of job rotation. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. The characteristics of subjects and the reliability of the research tools were analyzed through descriptive statistics, a t-test, an analysis of variance, and correlation analyses on the research variables. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed using AMOS 21.0 to verify the fitness of the hypothetical model and hypothesis. Results The test of fitness of the hypothetical model yielded χ2 = 152.14, df = 72, χ2 /df = 2.11, goodness of fit index = .97, adjusted goodness of fit index = .91, normed fit index = .95, comparative fit index = .98, root mean square = .02, and root mean square error of approximation = .01, which showed that the model had a good fit and explained 63.0% of the variance in psychological well-being. The hypothesis of the study was verified: Nurses' job rotation stress has indirect effect on psychological well-being through self-efficacy, social support, optimism, and coping strategies. Conclusion A practical method that can promote self-efficacy, social support, optimism, and stress-coping strategies must be established to improve the psychological well-being of hospital nurses based on this research.

Background It is important for healthcare providers to pay attention to parents’ rearing style and children’s physical symptoms to promote a healthy quality of life among children with atopic dermatitis. We aimed to identify effects of parenting stress and co-parenting on marital conflict among parents of children with atopic dermatitis. Methods Participants were 161 fathers and 161 mothers raising seven-year-old children treated for atopic dermatitis. To confirm the effects of parenting stress and co-parenting on marital conflict, the “actor-partner interdependence mediation model” was used. To verify goodness-of-fit, maximum likelihood method was used, and a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to confirm the validity of latent variables for model analysis. Results Fathers’ parenting stress had actor (β = −.46, p p p p p p p p p Conclusions It is vital for healthcare providers to seek ways to reduce the marital conflicts of parents of children with atopic dermatitis, including further examination of the role of co-parenting, to address children’s physical symptoms and promote their health. Our findings inform management and intervention programs for the families of children with atopic dermatitis.

Aim To examine the resilience of breast cancer patients by investigating the validity and reliability of a Korean version of the breast cancer survivors resilience scale (BCRS) and to provide basic data for developing interventions that can be used by healthcare professionals to enhance the resilience of breast cancer patients. Methods Data were obtained from 280 breast cancer survivors receiving treatment at the outpatient clinic of Kosin University Hospital located in Busan City, Korea, and the collected data were used to confirm content validity, construct validity, criterion validity, and internal consistency reliability. Results The Korean version of the BCRS comprised two subdomains and a total of 16 items, and the internal consistency reliability estimated by Cronbach's alpha was .87~.89. Conclusion This study found that the Korean version BCRS has high validity and reliability. In future studies, it will be necessary to conduct research that identifies the resilience levels of patients with breast cancer, using the Korean version BCRS, and seeks interventions in agreement with the results.

We simulated the critical heat flux (CHF) of flow boiling using the hydrogen evolution at a water electrolysis. Hydrogen bubbles were evolved at the cavities of the cathode surface just like the vapor bubbles in boiling. Critical current density (CCD) was reported similarly where the hydrogen film is formed on the cathode surface. The influences of mass flux and inclination on the CCD on a downward-facing surface were investigated, for which CHF data have not been sufficiently accumulated. The measured CCD increased as the mass flux increased and decreased as the inclination became more horizontal. The photographic analysis showed similar trends of the CCD and CHF conditions with respect to the test parameters. However, the superficial gas velocity at the CCD condition was lower than that at the CHF condition, and sensitivity of the mass flux on the CCD was also less than that of the CHF. A set of correlations were developed as the function of mass flux and inclination. The present work reveals the possibility of experimental simulation of the CHF condition using the CCD condition.

Background: The present study aimed to translate the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) into the Korean language and test the validity and reliability of the translated Korean version. Methods: An online questionnaire survey was conducted with 300 adults (aged ≥19 years) living in South Korea. The data collection period was 1 June to 15 October 2020. The Korean version of the FCV-19S (KFCV-19S) was tested in terms of content validity, construct validity, criterion validity, item response theory, and reliability. Results: When the content and construct validity of the FCV-19S was tested, the results showed that all items could be retained in the Korean version. When the criterion validity was tested based on correlation analysis between the KFCV-19S and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the results showed a positive correlation (r = 0.53, p &lt, 0.001). Item suitability test results showed that all items were within the reference value of 0.5–1.5. Internal consistency reliability test results showed a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.81. Conclusion: The applicability of the KFCV-19S for identifying the level of fear Korean people experience regarding COVID-19 was verified. This tool is recommended for use in future assessments of Korean populations regarding levels of fear and anxiety regarding COVID-19.

This study aimed to classify the latent class of parenting attitude for parents with preschool children and school-age children, identify the pattern of transition in the type of parenting attitude over time, and determine the influencing factors associated with the transition. A total of 1462 households were the subjects of this longitudinal study that used latent profile analysis, latent transition analysis, and logistic regression analysis. The parenting attitude in the preschool year was classified into a model of three latent classes of ‘parent uninvolved’, ‘maternal authoritative and paternal authoritarian’, and ‘maternal authoritarian and paternal authoritative’, and the parenting attitude in the school year was classified into a model of four latent classes of ‘parent weak uninvolved’, ‘parent strong uninvolved’, parent authoritative’, and ‘maternal authoritarian and paternal authoritative.’ All latent class subjects with preschool children showed an attitude transition to maternal authoritarian and paternal authoritative when their children were in school years. It was confirmed that a mother’s depression and father’s parenting stress were the most influential factors in the parenting attitude transition. This study lay in identifying the patterns of parenting attitude and the transition in attitude according to the developmental stage of children.