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2. Bacteria and Gastrin Release

Author

Calam, J., Goodlad, R. A., Lee, C. Y., Ratcliffe, B., Coates, M. E., Stamp, G. W. H., Wright, N. A., Pajares, José M., editor, Peña, A. Salvador, editor, and Malfertheiner, Peter, editor

Published
1993
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5. Effect of diet on cell kinetics in the rumen epithelium of sheep

Author

Goodlad, R. A.

Subjects
590, Zoology
Abstract

The morphological changes that occur during the development of the rumen and ruminal epithelium, and their responses to dietary change, have been reviewed. Particular attention has been paid to the role of chemical factors, including the steam volatile fatty acids (VFAs), as mediators of the adaptive response of the ruminal epithelium. These factors have been investigated in sheep by the combination of rumen cannulation and a biopsy technique. The mitotic index of the ruminal epithelium and the length and width of amen papillae were compared in various regions of the rumen. Significant differences were found in the mitotic indices of the ruminal epithelium and in the length and width of rumen papillae, in lambs fed different diets. There was a rapid, but transitory increase in mitotic index, when the diet of the sheep was changed from one based on roughage to a concentrate-based diet, and when the daily intake of concentrate was increased. Although the VFA proportions also changed as the diet was changed, the mitotic indices could not be directly related to the VFA proportions determined in the rumen liquor. The duration of the phases of the cell cycle was analysed using an isotope labelling method. The duration of the cell cycle was about 24 hours, but this decreased to about 17 hours when cell proliferation was stimulated. The decreased cell cycle time was mainly due to decreases in the duration of the synthesis (S) phase. The cell cycle data and the labelling index were used to calculate the turnover of the basal cell layer, and to estimate turnover times for the epithelium. The mean turnover time for the epithelium was 16.5 days when sheep were fed a roughage based diet, 10.9 days when fed a concentrate diet, and 4.3 days when the sheep were in transition between the roughage and the concentrate diet.

Published
1980

35. Omeprazole

Author

McCloy, Rory, Howden, Colin W., Holt, Stephen, Harrington, R., Goodlad, R., and Wright, N. A.

Published
1991

38. NOT ALL DIETARY FIBRES ARE EQUAL: SELECTION OF POTENTIAL CANCER-PREVENTATIVE FIBRES BY INHIBITION OF GALACTOSE-BINDING LECTINS

Author

Singh, R., Englyst, H., Campbell, B., Fitzgerald, A., Goodlad, R., and Rhodes, J.

Subjects
Gastrointestinal diseases -- Research, Health, Research
Abstract

H. Englyst [1] A. Fitzgerald [2] R. Goodlad [2] Dept of Medicine University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GA (1.) Carbohydrate Laboratory, University of Southampton Southampton S017 IB); (2.) Histopathology Unit [...]

Published
2001

39. Glucagon-like peptide-2 increases sucrase-isomaltase but not caudal-related homeobox protein-2 gene expression

Author

KITCHEN, P. A., FITZGERALD, A. J., GOODLAD, R. A., BARLEY, N. F., GHATEI, M. A., LEGON, S., BLOOM, S. R., PRICE, A., WALTERS, J. R. F., and FORBES, A.

Subjects
Peptides -- Analysis, Gene expression -- Analysis, Cell proliferation -- Analysis, Jejunum -- Evaluation, Ileum -- Evaluation, Biological sciences
Abstract

Kitchen, P. A., A. J. Fitzgerald, R. A. Goodlad, N. F. Barley, M. A. Ghatei, S. Legon, S. R. Bloom, A. Price, J. R. F. Walters, and A. Forbes. Glucagon-like peptide-2 increases sucrase-isomaltase but not caudal-related homeobox protein-2 gene expression. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 278: G425-G428, 2000.--To determine the effect of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) on sucrase-isomaltase and caudal-related homeobox protein-2 (Cdx-2) gene expression, male Wistar rats were divided into total parenteral nutrition (TPN)-fed and GLP-2-treated, TPN-fed groups. TPN was given via a jugular line, inserted under anesthesia, for 7 days. The treatment group received 40 [micro]/day of GLP-2 intravenously with the TPN diet. The small intestine and colon were weighed and measured. Tissue was obtained from the jejunum, terminal ileum, and midcolon. RNA analysis, morphometry, and microdissection were performed. The weight of the small intestine of GLP-2-treated rats was greater than that of TPN-fed rats (P [is less than] 0.001). GLP-2 increased the mean metaphase arrests/crypt in both the jejunum and ileum (P [is less than] 0.001). Ileal expression of sucrase-isomaltase was increased by 1.6-fold (P [is less than] 0.05). Jejunal expression was increased by a similar amount, although not significantly (P = 0.08). There was no change in Cdx-2 gene expression. Thus GLP-2 can maintain small intestinal morphology and function, but effects on gene expression are not mediated by gross changes in the level of the mRNA for the homeobox protein Cdx-2. total parenteral nutrition; cellular proliferation; jejunum; ileum.

Published
2000

41. Abstracts of the Hans Selye Symposium on Neuroendocrinology and Stress: September 13–15, 1989 Estérel, Quebec, Canada

Author

Amjad, Hassan, Jafary, H. A., Bakke, H. K., Murison, R., Burks, T. F., Peterson, Julia M., Cho, C. H., Koq, M. W. L., Oqle, C. W., Evangelista, S., Renzi, D., Meli, A., Fändriks, L., Flemström, G., Garner, A., Gregory, H., Hampson, S. E., Stanier, A. M., Willshire, I. R., Young, J. A., Gilloteaux, J., Pomerants, B. J., Kelly, T. R., Menu, R., Pelletier, G., Vanderhaeghen, J. J., Glavin, G. B., Gompertz, R. H. K., Goodlad, R. A., Wright, N. A., Michalowski, A., Baron, J. H., Williamson, R. C. N., Mathie, R. T., Michalowskit, A., Guth, P., Hanson, W. R., Houseman, K. A., Collins, P. W., Henke, P. G., Hernandez, D. E., Walker, C. H., Xue, B. G., Fitts, N., Zhao, A. B., Valenzuela, J. E., Mason, G. A., Holzer, P., Japundžić, I., Levi, E., Rakić, L. J., Japundžić, M., Kauffman, Jr., G. L., Kitajima, M., Konturek, S. J., Krantis, A., McKay, A., Duchesne, L., Kuwayama, H., Matsuo, Y., Eastwood, G. L., Liu, Jun-Li, Zhang, Xi-Jin, Wang, Chih-Chun, Yao, De-Jia, Huang, Jin, Wei, Ning, MacOueen, G., Bienenstock, J., Perdue, M. H., Miller, T. A., Smith, G. S., Stanislawska, M., Phan, T. M., Henagan, J. M., Morales, R. E., Johnson, B., Szabo, S., Morris, G. P., Mózsik, Gy., Király, á., Garamszegi, M., Nagy, L., SütŐ, G., Tóth, Gy., Vincze, á., Jávor, T., Osumi, Y., Okuma, Y., Yokotani, K., Nagata, M., Paré, W. P., Redei, E., Rangachari, P. K., Prior, T., Bell, R. A., Shanahan, Fergus, Sikirić, P., Rotkvić, I., Miše, S., Petek, M., Ručman, R., Seiwerth, S., Marshall, J. F., Neumeyer, J. L., Taché, Y., Wallace, John L., Weiner, H., Xing, L., King, J., Bryan, R., Yabana, T., Kondo, Y., Yachi, A., Yagci, R. V., Alptekin, N., Rossowski, W. J., Brown, A., Coy, D. H., Ertan, A., Yeginsu, A. O., Hammer, R. A., Arimura, A., Zhang, W. -R., Robert, A., Zheng Z. T., Wang Z. Y., Zhang L., Huang C. W., Bertók, L., Vattay, P., Kato, K., Folkman, J., Pozo, F., Fueyo, A., Esteban, M. M., Marín, B., and Rojo-Ortega, J. M.

Published
1989
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46. Ectopic Expression of P-Cadherin Correlates with Promoter Hypomethylation Early in Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Enhanced Intestinal Crypt Fission In vivo

Author

Milicic, A., Harrison, L.-A., Goodlad, R. A., Hardy, R. G., Nicholson, A. M., Presz, M., Sieber, O., Santander, S., Pringle, J. H., Mandir, N., East, P., Obszynska, J., Sanders, S., Piazuelo, E., Shaw, J., Harrison, R., Tomlinson, I. P., McDonald, S. A.C., Wright, N. A., Jankowski, Janusz, Milicic, A., Harrison, L.-A., Goodlad, R. A., Hardy, R. G., Nicholson, A. M., Presz, M., Sieber, O., Santander, S., Pringle, J. H., Mandir, N., East, P., Obszynska, J., Sanders, S., Piazuelo, E., Shaw, J., Harrison, R., Tomlinson, I. P., McDonald, S. A.C., Wright, N. A., and Jankowski, Janusz

Abstract

P-cadherin is normally expressed in the basal layer of squamous epithelia and absent from the healthy intestine and colon. We have previously shown it to be expressed in all inflamed, hyperplastic, and dysplastic intestinal and colonic mucosa. This study aimed to better understand the mechanisms controlling the expression of P-cadherin and the biological effects of its ectopic presence in the intestine and colon. We investigated the CpG methylation status of the P-cadherin (CDH3) promoter and P-cadherin mRNA and protein expression in cases of familial and sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). The CDH3 promoter was hypomethylated in colonic aberrant crypt foci, in CRC, and, occasionally, in the normal epithelium adjacent to cancer, demonstrating a potential “field effect” of cancerization. The hypomethylation was also associated with induction of P-cadherin expression in the neoplastic colon (P < 0.0001). We then created transgenic mice that overexpressed P-cadherin specifically in the intestinal and colonic epithelium under the liver fatty acid binding protein promoter. Forced ectopic expression of P-cadherin accompanied by indomethacin-induced inflammation resulted in a 3-fold higher crypt fission rate within the small and large intestines in the homozygous mice compared with the wild-type animals (P < 0.02). We conclude that epigenetic demethylation of the P-cadherin promoter in the human intestine permits its ectopic expression very early in the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence and persists during invasive cancer. Induced P-cadherin expression, especially in mucosal damage, leads to an increased rate of crypt fission, a common feature of clonal expansion in gastrointestinal dysplasia. [Cancer Res 2008;68(19):7760–8]

Published
2008

48. Measurement of morphokinetic status in experiments on intestinal adaptation

Author

Wright, N A and Goodlad, R A

Subjects
Male, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Benzodiazepinones, Letter, Jejunum, Phenylurea Compounds, Gastrins, Animals, Organ Size, Intestinal Mucosa, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Rats
Abstract

Colonic infusion of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) is trophic to rat jejunum and is associated with raised jejunal gastrin concentration. This study examined the hypothesis that the jejunal trophic effects of colonic SCFAs are mediated in part by gastrin. Forty six adult rats underwent caecectomy to reduce endogenous production of SCFA, ileocolonic anastomosis, and placement of a colonic infusion catheter. SCFA (70 mM acetate, 35 mM propionate, 20 mM butyrate) or saline were continuously infused into the colon for seven days. Rats received either a gastrin receptor blocker (L-365,260) or a control solution and animals were killed on day 8. SCFA infused into the colon acted systemically to significantly improve jejunal structure and increase jejunal gastrin concentrations. Gastrin receptor blockade abolished effects of SCFA on jejunal DNA, protein, crypt cell proliferation, and gastrin. Gastrin blockade did not reduce SCFA induced augmentation of villous height or crypt depth. It is concluded that the jejunal trophic effects of colonically infused SCFA are mediated in part by gastrin.

Published
1996

49. Luminal nutrition and gut growth

Author

Playford, R J, Wright, N A, and Goodlad, R A

Subjects
Dietary Fiber, Letter, Enteral Nutrition, Glutamine, Intestine, Small, Animals, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Adaptation, Physiological, Dietary Fats, Cell Division, Rats
Published
1995

50. Omeprazole

Author

Goodlad, R and Wright, N A

Subjects
Correspondence
Published
1991

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