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3. Caveat mediator

Author

Foote, Simon and Borchardt, Anja

Published
2011

20. An exploration of genetic susceptibilities

Author

Foote, Simon James

Abstract

This thesis describes research performed by myself, Simon Foote, from the completion of my PhD until the date of submission. The research was performed in three separate Institutes. The early work describing the mapping of the Human Genome and the preceding, introductory project mapping the Human Y Chromosome was performed at the Whitehead Institute, MIT, Cambridge, USA. This work was done in the laboratories of Professors David Page and Eric Lander. The work describing the host responses to infectious disease and the genetics of susceptibility to multiple sclerosis was performed in my own laboratory at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute (WEHI), Melbourne, Australia and more recently at the Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia. This introductory chapter is not a review of the literature, but a synopsis of the work attached as copied, published articles. The state of play of the field at the time of publication of each of these articles can be found in the introduction and discussion of each of these papers. While this collection of papers may seem eclectic at first perusal, there is a strong genetics theme underpinning all these topics.

Published
2023
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33. An STS-Based Map of the Human Genome

Author

Hudson, Thomas J., Stein, Lincoln D., Gerety, Sebastian S., Ma, Junli, Castle, Andrew B., Silva, James, Slonim, Donna K., Baptista, Rafael, Kruglyak, Leonid, Xu, Shu-Hua, Hu, Xintong, Rosenberg, Carl, Reeve-Daly, Mary Pat, Rozen, Steve, Hui, Lester, Wu, Xiaoyun, Vestergaard, Christina, Wilson, Kimberly M., Bae, Jane S., Maitra, Shanak, Ganiatsas, Soula, Evans, Cheryl A., DeAngelis, Margaret M., Ingalls, Kimberly A., Nahf, Robert W., Horton, Lloyd T., Anderson, Michele Oskin, Collymore, Alville J., Ye, Wenjuan, Kouyoumjian, Vardouhie, Zemsteva, Irena S., Tam, James, Devine, Richard, Courtney, Dorothy F., Renaud, Michelle Turner, Nguyen, Huy, O'Connor, Tara J., Fizames, Cécile, Fauré, Sabine, Gyapay, Gabor, Dib, Colette, Morissette, Jean, Orlin, James B., Birren, Bruce W., Goodman, Nathan, Weissenbach, Jean, Hawkins, Trevor L., Foote, Simon, Page, David C., and Lander, Eric S.

Published
1995

46. Analysis of the F2LR3 (PAR4) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (rs773902) in an Indigenous Australian Population

Author

Ningtyas, Dian, Thomson, Russell J., Tarlac, Volga, Nagaraj, Shivashankar H., Hoy, Wendy, Mathews, John D., Foote, Simon J., Gardiner, Elizabeth E., Hamilton, Justin R., McMorran, Brendan J., Ningtyas, Dian, Thomson, Russell J., Tarlac, Volga, Nagaraj, Shivashankar H., Hoy, Wendy, Mathews, John D., Foote, Simon J., Gardiner, Elizabeth E., Hamilton, Justin R., and McMorran, Brendan J.

Abstract

The F2RL3 gene encoding protease activated receptor 4 (PAR4) contains a single nucleotide variant, rs773902, that is functional. The resulting PAR4 variants, Thr120, and Ala120, are known to differently affect platelet reactivity to thrombin. Significant population differences in the frequency of the allele indicate it may be an important determinant in the ethnic differences that exist in thrombosis and hemostasis, and for patient outcomes to PAR antagonist anti-platelet therapies. Here we determined the frequency of rs773902 in an Indigenous Australian group comprising 467 individuals from the Tiwi Islands. These people experience high rates of renal disease that may be related to platelet and PAR4 function and are potential recipients of PAR-antagonist treatments. The rs773902 minor allele frequency (Thr120) in the Tiwi Islanders was 0.32, which is similar to European and Asian groups and substantially lower than Melanesians and some African groups. Logistic regression and allele distortion testing revealed no significant associations between the variant and several markers of renal function, as well as blood glucose and blood pressure. These findings suggest that rs773902 is not an important determinant for renal disease in this Indigenous Australian group. However, the relationships between rs773902 genotype and platelet and drug responsiveness in the Tiwi, and the allele frequency in other Indigenous Australian groups should be evaluated.

Published
2020

47. The Bona Fide Investor: Corporate Nationality and Treaty Shopping in Investment Treaty Law

Author

McLachlan QC, Campbell, Butler, Petra, Foote, Simon, McLachlan QC, Campbell, Butler, Petra, and Foote, Simon

Abstract

This thesis addresses the problem of treaty shopping in investment treaty law. It seeks to illustrate how the problem stems from, and can in part be resolved by, the concept and definition of corporate nationality. It explores whether, and if so how and what, limits ought to be placed on the manipulation of nationality for the purpose of gaining investment treaty protection, to enable a principled basis to utilise nationality to prescribe the extent of rights and obligations in investment treaties. The importance of nationality requirements in investment treaties cannot be overstated—the definition of “investor” in any treaty defines which entities are entitled to substantive protections contained in the treaty for the benefit of states and investors alike. Entities making an investment need to know whether, and if so how, they can structure their investment to achieve protection of applicable investment treaties. Investors who have suffered damage need to know whether they are entitled to make a claim. States need to appreciate the extent of their potential obligations. Many investment treaties define qualifying investors in a broad way that includes any entity incorporated in a contracting state. Putative investors, including those from third states, or nationals of the host state of the investment, seek to come within the relevant definition, often by insertion of an intermediary company incorporated in the desired home state into the ownership chain of the investment. This thesis challenges the view that fulfilment of formalities set out in an investment treaty is sufficient to qualify as an investor where there is no substance behind the corporate form. To some degree, states and investment treaty tribunals have tried to abrogate treaty shopping by manipulation of corporate nationality by reference to the international law concept of genuine connection with the claimant’s state of incorporation, or by way of imposition of criteria for nationality based on the n

Published
2020

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