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Graph learning on molecules makes use of information from both the molecular structure and the features attached to that structure. Much work has been conducted on biasing either towards structure or features, with the aim that bias bolsters performance. Identifying which information source a dataset favours, and therefore how to approach learning that dataset, is an open issue. Here we propose Noise-Noise Ratio Difference (NNRD), a quantitative metric for whether there is more useful information in structure or features. By employing iterative noising on features and structure independently, leaving the other intact, NNRD measures the degradation of information in each. We employ NNRD over a range of molecular tasks, and show that it corresponds well to a loss of information, with intuitive results that are more expressive than simple performance aggregates. Our future work will focus on expanding data domains, tasks and types, as well as refining our choice of baseline model., Comment: In proceedings of the 4th Annual AAAI Workshop on AI to Accelerate Science and Engineering (AI2ASE)

Scientific communication inside and outside the classroom is the main means for providing an adequate understanding of how science and technological innovation relate to society. In order to achieve this goal, it is important to explore new didactic instruments for teaching science in general. The intersection between science and arts has contributed to make science accessible, relevant and interesting to diverse audiences with the potential to provide scientific content, significant artistic and entertainment values. Here, we use theatrical communication to value science and the teaching of Physics through an original script of a play in which concepts and phenomena related to astronomy are addressed. Using an artistic and casual language, we adapt the proposed scientific concepts to the contextual and instrumental nature of theater to demonstrate its educational value and its potential to transform science into entertainment. Our proposal allowed students being engaged in a highly motivating and collaborative environment, providing them the opportunity to recognize, analyze and imagine explanations and performances to communicate science to the general public in a creative and alternative way., Comment: 49 pages, in Portuguese language, 4 figures

It is well known that the controllability property of partial differential equations (PDEs) is closely linked to the proof of an observability inequality for the adjoint system, which, sometimes, involves analyzing a spectral problem associated with the PDE under consideration. In this work, we study a series of spectral issues that ensure the controllability of the renowned Korteweg-de Vries equation on star-graph. This investigation reduces to determining when certain functions, associated with this spectral problem, are entire. The novelty here lies in presenting this detailed analysis in the context of a star graph structure., Comment: 41 pp. Comments are welcome

We investigate the following Kirchhoff-type biharmonic equation \begin{equation}\label{pr} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \Delta^2 u+ \left(a+b\int_{\mathbb{R}^N}|\nabla u|^2d x\right)(-\Delta u+V(x)u)=f(x,u),\quad x\in \mathbb{R}^N,\\ u\in H^{2}(\mathbb{R}^N), \end{array} \right. \end{equation} where $a>0$, $b\geq 0$ and $V(x)$ and $f(x, u)$ are periodic or asymptotically periodic in $x$. We study the existence of Nehari-type ground state solutions of \eqref{pr} with $f(x,u)u-4F(x,u)$ sign-changing, where $F(x,u):=\int_0^uf(x,s)d s$. We significantly extend some results from the previous literature.

The research related to digital twins has been increasing in recent years. Besides the mirroring of the physical word into the digital, there is the need of providing services related to the data collected and transferred to the virtual world. One of these services is the forecasting of physical part future behavior, that could lead to applications, like preventing harmful events or designing improvements to get better performance. One strategy used to predict any system operation it is the use of time series models like ARIMA or LSTM, and improvements were implemented using these algorithms. Recently, deep learning techniques based on generative models such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have been proposed to create time series and the use of LSTM has gained more relevance in time series forecasting, but both have limitations that restrict the forecasting results. Another issue found in the literature is the challenge of handling multivariate environments/applications in time series generation. Therefore, new methods need to be studied in order to fill these gaps and, consequently, provide better resources for creating useful digital twins. In this proposal, it is going to be studied the integration of a BiLSTM layer with a time series obtained by GAN in order to improve the forecasting of all the features provided by the dataset in terms of accuracy and, consequently, improving behaviour prediction.

In this manuscript, we generalize the cloud of strings model originally introduced by Letelier~\cite{Letelier:1979ej} by incorporating a \textit{magnetic-like component}, $\Sigma_{23}$, alongside the \textit{electric-like component}, $\Sigma_{01}$, considered in the original model. This extension yields a uniquely determined stress-energy tensor of the form $\mathrm{diag}(\rho, -\rho, p, p)$, governed by a specific equation of state and parameterized by two constants. The resulting black hole solution exhibits significant modifications, including the presence of \textit{two independent hairs}, distinguishing it from classical no-hair solutions. We analyze the thermodynamic properties of this black hole and demonstrate the existence of a \textit{remnant mass} and finite entropy at the end of the Hawking evaporation process, suggesting a stable end-state. Furthermore, the presence of \textit{two hairs} introduces new features that could influence black hole shadows and gravitational wave signals, offering valuable observational signatures for testing these exotic configurations.

This work presents FreeSVC, a promising multilingual singing voice conversion approach that leverages an enhanced VITS model with Speaker-invariant Clustering (SPIN) for better content representation and the State-of-the-Art (SOTA) speaker encoder ECAPA2. FreeSVC incorporates trainable language embeddings to handle multiple languages and employs an advanced speaker encoder to disentangle speaker characteristics from linguistic content. Designed for zero-shot learning, FreeSVC enables cross-lingual singing voice conversion without extensive language-specific training. We demonstrate that a multilingual content extractor is crucial for optimal cross-language conversion. Our source code and models are publicly available.

In this work, we analyze the impact of non-metricity on particle creation and the evaporation process of black holes within the framework of bumblebee gravity. In general lines, we compare black holes in the metric formalism [1] and the metric-affine approach [2]. Initially, we focus on bosonic particle modes to investigate Hawking radiation. Using the Klein-Gordon equation, we compute the Bogoliubov coefficients and derive the Hawking temperature. Subsequently, we examine Hawking radiation as a tunneling process, resolving divergent integrals through the residue method. The analysis is then extended to fermionic particle modes, also within the tunneling framework. Particle creation densities are calculated for both bosonic and fermionic cases. Additionally, greybody bounds are estimated for bosonic and fermionic particles. Finally, we explore the evaporation process, considering the final state of the black holes. In a general panorama, non-metricity in bumblebee gravity raises particle density for bosons while reducing it for fermions, increases greybody factors (for both bosons and fermions), amplifies the emission rate, and accelerates the evaporation process., Comment: 24 pages (in two columns) and 28 figures

A key aspect of temporal domains is the ability to make predictions multiple time steps into the future, a process known as multi-step forecasting (MSF). At the core of this process is selecting a forecasting strategy, however, with no existing frameworks to map out the space of strategies, practitioners are left with ad-hoc methods for strategy selection. In this work, we propose Stratify, a parameterised framework that addresses multi-step forecasting, unifying existing strategies and introducing novel, improved strategies. We evaluate Stratify on 18 benchmark datasets, five function classes, and short to long forecast horizons (10, 20, 40, 80). In over 84% of 1080 experiments, novel strategies in Stratify improved performance compared to all existing ones. Importantly, we find that no single strategy consistently outperforms others in all task settings, highlighting the need for practitioners explore the Stratify space to carefully search and select forecasting strategies based on task-specific requirements. Our results are the most comprehensive benchmarking of known and novel forecasting strategies. We make code available to reproduce our results., Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures, journal

In a recent study [Rev. Bras. Ens. F\'is. vol. 45, 2023], the absence of the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) in the curricula of Physics teacher education programs at Brazilian public universities was highlighted. Considering this gap, the present study investigates whether, even without any formal prior knowledge of CTML principles (Coherence, Signaling, Spatial Contiguity, Segmentation, Multimedia, and Personalization), Physics teacher trainees and educators tend to choose, among two formats of multimedia materials - one aligned with a given CTML principle and the other not - the materials aligned with these principles. The findings of this case study revealed that, although most participants generally selected materials aligned with the mentioned principles, a significant portion did not. These results underscore the importance of Brazilian universities considering the inclusion of CTML in Physics teacher education curricula., Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures

As is widely known, the flavour and mass eigenbasis in neutrino sector can be related by a reduced unitary matrix, described by 3 real parameters and one phase for Dirac neutrinos, and 2 extra phases if neutrinos are Majorana particles. Neutrino flavour oscillation experiments are insensitive to Majorana phases, which leads to using the PMNS matrix with only one phase to describe flavour transitions. In this paper, we point out one feature of such choice that is commonly ignored: when neutrinos propagate in matter, the reduced unitary matrix PMNS does not properly diagonalize the neutrino system. We present some numerical calculations and analytical estimations to illustrate such statement, and discuss some scenarios where this effect can be probed., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures

The rapid growth of the financial sector and the rising focus on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) considerations highlight the need for advanced NLP tools. However, open-source LLMs proficient in both finance and ESG domains remain scarce. To address this gap, we introduce SusGen-30K, a category-balanced dataset comprising seven financial NLP tasks and ESG report generation, and propose TCFD-Bench, a benchmark for evaluating sustainability report generation. Leveraging this dataset, we developed SusGen-GPT, a suite of models achieving state-of-the-art performance across six adapted and two off-the-shelf tasks, trailing GPT-4 by only 2% despite using 7-8B parameters compared to GPT-4's 1,700B. Based on this, we propose the SusGen system, integrated with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), to assist in sustainability report generation. This work demonstrates the efficiency of our approach, advancing research in finance and ESG.

Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs in various equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems, where phase transitions are typically marked by a single critical point that separates ordered and disordered regimes. We reveal a novel phenomenon in which the interplay between different temperatures and driving forces splits the order-disorder transition into two distinct transition points depending on which ordered state initially dominates. Crucially, these two emerging phases have distinct scaling behaviors and thermodynamic properties. To study this, we propose a minimal variant of the Ising model where spins are coupled to two thermal baths and subjected to two opposite driving forces associated to them. Our findings, robust both for all-to-all interactions (where exact solutions are possible) and nearest-neighbor couplings on a square lattice, uncover unique nonequilibrium behaviors and scaling laws for crucial thermodynamic quantities, such as efficiency, dissipation, power and its fluctuations, that are different between the two ordered phases. We also highlight that one of these emerging phases enables heat-engine operations that are less dissipative and show reduced fluctuations. In this setup, the system can also operate near maximum power and efficiency over a wide parameter range. Our results offer new insights into the relevance of phase transitions under nonequilibrium conditions., Comment: 5+6 pages, 4 figures

This paper explores gravitational phenomena associated with a non-commutative black hole. Geodesic equations are derived, and a thin accretion disk is analyzed to model the black hole shadow image, considering an optically thin, radiating, and infalling gas. Retrolensing effects are examined to trace photon emission configurations, while gravitational lensing is investigated through weak and strong deflection limits, with lensing equations and observables applied to Sagittarius A*. The study also includes calculations of time delay, energy deposition rate from neutrino annihilation, phase and probability of neutrino oscillation, and neutrino gravitational lensing., Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures and 2 tables

This work examines the implications of a black hole featuring a de Sitter core. We begin by analyzing the spacetime and event horizon in the presence of de Sitter core. Then the partial wave equation necessary for calculating quasinormal modes is derived and the relation of scalar quasinormal modes with the de Sitter core parameter is explored. Subsequently, we explore the greybody factors and their correspondence with the gravitational quasinormal modes. We also analyze the emission rate. Finally, variations in the thin accretion disks and the influence of de Sitter core spacetime on the optical appearance of the black hole are discussed as well.

In this work, we investigate the existence of wormholes within the framework of Loop Quantum Cosmology, using isotropic dark matter as the source. We analyze three distinct density profiles and solve the modified gravity field equations alongside the stress-energy tensor conservation, applying appropriate boundary conditions to obtain traversable wormhole solutions. Each solution is shown to satisfy the geometric criteria for wormholes, and their regularity is verified by computing the Kretschmann scalar to ensure the absence of singularities under determined conditions. Additionally, we examine the stress-energy tensor to identify scenarios in which energy conditions are violated within this model. The wormhole geometry is further explored through embedding diagrams, and the amount of exotic matter required to sustain these structures is computed using the Volume Integral Quantifier., Comment: 26 pages, 20 figures. V2: improved text

Contraction analysis offers, through elegant mathematical developments, a unified way of designing observers for a general class of nonlinear systems, where the observer correction term is obtained by solving an infinite dimensional inequality that guarantees global exponential convergence. However, solving the matrix partial differential inequality involved in contraction analysis design is both analytically and numerically challenging and represents a long-lasting challenge that prevented its wide use. Therefore, the present paper proposes a novel approach that relies on an unsupervised Physics Informed Neural Network (PINN) to design the observer's correction term by enforcing the partial differential inequality in the loss function. The performance of the proposed PINN-based nonlinear observer is assessed in numerical simulation as well as its robustness to measurement noise and neural network approximation error.

In this work, we examine particle creation and the evaporation process in the context of Kalb-Ramond gravity. Specifically, we build upon two existing solutions from the literature \cite{yang2023static} and \cite{Liu:2024oas}, both addressing a static, spherically symmetric configuration. For this study, we focus on the scenario in which the cosmological constant vanishes. To begin, the corrections to Hawking radiation for bosonic modes are examined by studying the Klein-Gordon equation in curved spacetime. Through the calculation of Bogoliubov coefficients, we identify how the parameter $\ell$, which governs Lorentz symmetry breaking, contributes a correction to the amplitude associated with particle production. Within this approach, the power spectrum and Hawking temperature are derived. Additionally, we obtain expressions for the power spectrum and particle number density by analyzing Hawking radiation from a tunneling viewpoint. A parallel approach is applied to fermionic modes. Finally, we examine black hole evaporation, finding that the black hole lifetime in these cases can be determined analytically., Comment: 14 pages, and 11 figures

This study focuses on Intelligent Fault Diagnosis (IFD) in rotating machinery utilizing a single microphone and a data-driven methodology, effectively diagnosing 42 classes of fault types and severities. The research leverages sound data from the imbalanced MaFaulDa dataset, aiming to strike a balance between high performance and low resource consumption. The testing phase encompassed a variety of configurations, including sampling, quantization, signal normalization, silence removal, Wiener filtering, data scaling, windowing, augmentation, and classifier tuning using XGBoost. Through the analysis of time, frequency, mel-frequency, and statistical features, we achieved an impressive accuracy of 99.54% and an F-Beta score of 99.52% with just 6 boosting trees at an 8 kHz, 8-bit configuration. Moreover, when utilizing only MFCCs along with their first- and second-order deltas, we recorded an accuracy of 97.83% and an F-Beta score of 97.67%. Lastly, by implementing a greedy wrapper approach, we obtained a remarkable accuracy of 96.82% and an F-Beta score of 98.86% using 50 selected features, nearly all of which were first- and second-order deltas of the MFCCs.

A higher-order nonlinear Boussinesq system with a time-dependent boundary delay is considered. Sufficient conditions are presented to ensure the well-posedness of the problem, utilizing Kato's variable norm technique and the Fixed-Point Theorem. More significantly, the energy decay for the linearized problem is demonstrated using the energy method., Comment: 17 pages. Comments are welcome

In this work, we start by examining a spherically symmetric black hole within the framework of non-commutative geometry and apply a modified Newman-Janis method to obtain a new rotating solution. We then investigate its consequences, focusing on the horizon structure, ergospheres, and the black hole's angular velocity. Following this, a detailed thermodynamic analysis is performed, covering surface gravity, Hawking temperature, entropy, and heat capacity. We also study geodesic motion, with particular emphasis on null geodesics and their associated radial accelerations. Additionally, the photon sphere and the resulting black hole shadows are explored. Finally, we compute the quasinormal modes for scalar perturbations using the 6th-order WKB approximation., Comment: 37 pages, 16 figures and 2 tables

Understanding and computing the entropic forces exerted by polymer chains under confinement is important for many reasons, from research to applications. However, extracting properties related to the free energy, such as the force (or pressure) on confining walls, does not readily emerge from conventional polymer dynamics simulations due to the entropic contributions inherent in these free energies. Here we propose an alternative method to compute such forces, and the associated free energies, based on empirically measuring the average force required to confine a polymer chain between parallel walls connected by an artificial elastic spring. This measurement enables us to interpolate the expression for the free energy of a confined self-avoiding chain and offer an analytical expression to complement the classical theory of ideal chains in confined spaces. Therefore, the significance of our method extends beyond the findings of this paper: it can be effectively employed to investigate the confinement free energy across diverse scenarios where all kinds of polymer chains are confined in a gap between parallel walls.

We explore the gravitational properties of a nonlinear electromagnetic extension of an AdS Reissner-Nordstr\"om black hole. Our study begins with an analysis of the metric function and horizon structure, followed by calculations of the Ricci and Kretschmann scalars and an evaluation of the non-vanishing Christoffel symbols. These calculations allow us to examine geodesics and their influence on the photon sphere, and shadow formation. In the thermodynamic framework, we evaluate essential quantities, including the Hawking temperature, entropy, heat capacity, Gibbs free energy, and Hawking radiation emission. We further investigate black hole evaporation by estimating the evaporation timescale as the black hole approaches its final state. Additionally, quasinormal modes for scalar and vector perturbations are computed using the WKB approximation to characterize oscillatory behavior of the system. Finally, a time-domain analysis is provided in order to examine the evolution of these perturbations., Comment: 42 pages, 20 figures, and 5 tables -- version accepted for publication in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics

This article addresses the stabilizability of a perturbed quintic defocusing Schr\"odinger equation in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ at the $H^1$--energy level, considering the influence of a damping mechanism. More specifically, we establish a profile decomposition for both linear and nonlinear systems and use them to show that, under certain conditions, the sequence of nonlinear solutions can be effectively linearized. Lastly, through microlocal analysis techniques, we prove the local exponential stabilization of the solution to the perturbed Schr\"odinger equation in $\mathbb{R}^{3}$ showing an observability inequality for the solution of the system under consideration, which is the key result of this work., Comment: This version has been submitted with minor revisions and an updated bibliography. Feedback is highly appreciated. 56 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1004.2768 by other authors

In this work, we investigate the gravitational signatures of a static nonlinear electromagnetic extension of the Kerr-Newman solution. We conduct an analysis of light propagation, focusing on the photon sphere, shadow formation, and geodesic trajectories in this spacetime. The deflection angle and the time delay effects are also considered. In the thermodynamic analysis, we examine the Hawking temperature, entropy, heat capacity, and the emission of Hawking radiation via the tunneling process. The remnant mass and evaporation time of the black hole at its final stage are estimated. Lastly, we calculate the quasinormal modes using the WKB approximation to capture the characteristic oscillations of the system., Comment: 35 pages, 11 figures, and 9 tables

We present a systematic study of the energy levels of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) quantum dots (QD) and rings (QR) under an external perpendicular magnetic field. The confinement structures are modeled by a circular dot-like- and ring-like-shaped site-dependent staggered potential, which prevents edge effects and leads to an energy gap between the electron and hole states. Results are obtained within the tight-binding model with interlayer hopping parameters defined by the Slater-Koster form for different interlayer twist angles $\theta$. Our findings show that, for $\theta$ around 0$^\circ$ or $60^\circ$, the energy spectra exhibit features resulting from the interplay between characteristics of the AA and AB/BA stacking orders that compose the moir\'e pattern of such tBLG, while the low-energy levels are shown to be nearly independent on the rotation angle for $10^\circ\lesssim \theta\lesssim 50^\circ$. In the absence of a magnetic field, the energy levels of the QR scale with its width $W$ according to a power law $W^{-\alpha}$, whose exponent $1 \lessapprox\alpha\lessapprox 2$ depends on the twist angle. Most interestingly, the lowest energy states of tBLG QRs oscillate as a function of its average radius, with the oscillation period matching half of the moir\'e period. In the presence of an intense magnetic field, the lowest energy levels for the tBLG QDs and QRs match almost perfectly, regardless of whether the external radius of the quantum confinement structure is smaller or on the order of the moir\'e period, which is due to the interplay of the trigonal warping effect and the preferential localization of the eigenstates. Our results reveal relevant information about the moir\'e pattern in tBLG and its role in charge particle confinement., Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures

In this work, we investigate the signatures of black holes within an effective quantum gravity framework recently proposed in the literature [1] . We begin by outlining the general setup, highlighting the two distinct models under consideration. This includes a discussion of their general properties, interpretations, and the structure of the event and inner horizons. We then examine the behavior of light in this context, analyzing geodesics, the photon sphere, and shadow formation. To validate our results, we estimate lower bounds for the shadow radius based on observational data from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). Subsequently, we derive the partial radial wave equation for scalar perturbations, enabling us to study the absorption cross section in both low and high frequency regimes. Additionally, we evaluate the greybody factors and provide bounds for both bosonic and fermionic fields. Finally, we present a detailed analysis of gravitational lensing in both the weak and strong deflection limits. For the weak deflection regime, the Gauss Bonnet theorem is employed, while for the strong deflection limit, the Tsukamoto approach is utilized., Comment: 37 pages, 13 figures

This proposal outlines the future plans of the Brazilian High-Energy Physics (HEP) community for upcoming collider experiments. With the construction of new particle colliders on the horizon and the ongoing operation of the High-Luminosity LHC, several research groups in Brazil have put forward technical proposals, covering both hardware and software contributions, as part of the Brazilian contribution to the global effort. The primary goal remains to foster a unified effort within the Brazilian HEP community, optimizing resources and expertise to deliver a high-impact contribution to the international HEP community., Comment: 24 pages, submitted to the Latin American Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructure

Understanding solar wind flows is crucial for unraveling the dynamics of the Sun's corona and improving space weather forecasting. However, the complex nature of the solar wind and the absence of reliable ground-truth data present significant challenges to current tracking methods. To address this, the Flow Tracking Challenge was established, providing a platform for testing and refining flow tracking algorithms using synthetic images generated by the Synthetic Coronal Outflow Model (SynCOM). The challenge is divided into two phases: a preliminary phase focusing on simpler flow scenarios and a main phase featuring more complex synthetic images that mimic solar outflows. These phases allow researchers to evaluate their methods under various simulated conditions. SynCOM's synthetic data benchmark improves accuracy in velocity estimations. This paper presents the preliminary results of the Flow Tracking Challenge, where the synthetic images from SynCOM are used to test solar wind velocity tracking methods. Initial findings demonstrate SynCOM's value as a benchmark, guiding improvements for upcoming missions like PUNCH., Comment: 10 pages, 4 Figures

SynCOM is a package of procedures written in IDL (Interactive Data Language) that simulates transient solar wind flows. Each function within SynCOM handles specific tasks, such as initializing parameters, generating synthetic profiles, creating Gaussian blobs to represent solar wind features, and producing high-resolution images of the solar corona. This modular design allows users to call or customize individual functions independently, providing flexibility to adjust simulations to different observational or solar wind conditions. The software architecture is designed to facilitate SynCOM, which effectively creates synthetic datasets for testing and verifying feature tracking algorithms. It also takes advantage of the robust capabilities of the IDL for high-performance scientific computing, Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures

The widespread use of machine learning in credit scoring has brought significant advancements in risk assessment and decision-making. However, it has also raised concerns about potential biases, discrimination, and lack of transparency in these automated systems. This tutorial paper performed a non-systematic literature review to guide best practices for developing responsible machine learning models in credit scoring, focusing on fairness, reject inference, and explainability. We discuss definitions, metrics, and techniques for mitigating biases and ensuring equitable outcomes across different groups. Additionally, we address the issue of limited data representativeness by exploring reject inference methods that incorporate information from rejected loan applications. Finally, we emphasize the importance of transparency and explainability in credit models, discussing techniques that provide insights into the decision-making process and enable individuals to understand and potentially improve their creditworthiness. By adopting these best practices, financial institutions can harness the power of machine learning while upholding ethical and responsible lending practices.

In this work, we analyze various phenomena influenced by the gravitational field in a bumblebee gravity solution, with a particular emphasis on a traversable wormhole for massless particle modes. Specifically, we calculate the index of refraction, group velocity, time delay, modified distances, and interparticle potential, demonstrating the possibility of photon-photon interactions due to the wormhole geometry. For the latter aspect, we also extend the analysis to massive particle modes, resulting in a ``combination'' of modified Yukawa- and Couloumb-like potentials. These calculations are shown to be dependent on the wormhole's parameters, particularly the wormhole throat. In addition to these analyses, the Hawking temperature is derived using the trapping horizon method, yielding negative values. Furthermore, we derive the thermodynamic properties of photon-like modes by incorporating the modified dispersion relation arising from the wormhole geometry, focusing on non-interacting particle modes. Remarkably, all calculations are conducted in a fully analytical framework., Comment: 42 pages and 25 figures -- version accepted for publication in The European Physical Journal C

This paper represents a new perspective in understanding the controllability of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation on unbounded domains. By studying the equation on both the right and left half-line with a single control input, we show that a class of solutions exists for which the KdV equation is exactly controllable. This is achieved by introducing a new concept known as \textit{operational controllability}, which provides key insights for establishing exact controllability results for the KdV equation. This approach allows explicitly characterizing both the control input and the controllable solutions. Furthermore, this concept holds significant potential for application to a wide range of nonlinear dispersive equations on the half-line and in bounded intervals., Comment: 37 pages. Comments are welcome

We examine the Einstein-Cartan (EC) theory in first-order form, which has a diffeomorphism as well as a local Lorentz invariance. We study the renormalizability of this theory in the framework of the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism, which allows for a gauge invariant renormalization. Using the background field method, we discuss the gauge invariance of the background effective action and analyze the Ward identities which reflect the symmetries of the EC theory. As an application, we compute, in a general background gauge, the self-energy of the tetrad field at one-loop order., Comment: 23 pages, 6 figures. To appear in Annals of Physics

In this work, we explore a gravitational non-commutative black hole by gauging the de Sitter SO(4,1) group and employing the Seiberg-Witten map. Specifically, we examine modifications of non-commutativity represented through mass deformation. Initially, we address modifications to Hawking radiation for bosonic particle modes by analyzing the Klein-Gordon equation in curved spacetimes. We compute the Bogoliubov coefficients, showing how $\Theta$ introduces a correction to the amplitude associated with particle creation. Additionally, we derive the power spectrum and the Hawking temperature within this framework. We also derive Hawking radiation from a tunneling perspective, leading to expressions for the power spectrum and particle number density. A similar analysis is performed for fermion particles. Remarkably, we obtain an analytical expression for black hole evaporation lifetime and compare our results with recent estimates of non-commutativity in the literature., Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures and 1 table

The critical length phenomenon of the Korteweg-de Vries equation is well known, however, in higher dimensions, it is unknown. This work explores this property in the context of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, a two-dimensional generalization of the Korteweg-de Vries equation. Specifically, we demonstrate observability inequalities for this equation, which allow us to deduce the exact boundary controllability and boundary exponential stabilization of the linear system, provided the spatial domain length avoids certain specific values, which is a direct consequence of the Paley-Wiener theorem. To the best of our knowledge, our work introduces new results by identifying a set of critical lengths for the two-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation., Comment: Comments are welcome. 20 pages

Although fundamental to the advancement of Machine Learning, the classic evaluation metrics extracted from the confusion matrix, such as precision and F1, are limited. Such metrics only offer a quantitative view of the models' performance, without considering the complexity of the data or the quality of the hit. To overcome these limitations, recent research has introduced the use of psychometric metrics such as Item Response Theory (IRT), which allows an assessment at the level of latent characteristics of instances. This work investigates how IRT concepts can enrich a confusion matrix in order to identify which model is the most appropriate among options with similar performance. In the study carried out, IRT does not replace, but complements classical metrics by offering a new layer of evaluation and observation of the fine behavior of models in specific instances. It was also observed that there is 97% confidence that the score from the IRT has different contributions from 66% of the classical metrics analyzed., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, submitted for the BRACIS'24 conference

We study an integrable equation whose solutions define a triad of one-forms describing a surface with Gaussian curvature -1. We identify a local group of diffeomorphisms that preserve these solutions and establish conserved quantities. From the symmetries, we obtain invariant solutions that provide explicit metrics for the surfaces. These solutions are unbounded and often appear in mirrored pairs. We introduce the ``collage'' method, which uses conserved quantities to remove unbounded parts and smoothly join the solutions, leading to weak solutions consistent with the conserved quantities. As a result we get pseudo-peakons, which are smoother than Camassa-Holm peakons. Additionally, we apply a Miura-type transformation to relate our equation to the Degasperis-Procesi equation, allowing us to recover peakon and shock-peakon solutions for it from the solutions of the other equation., Comment: Parts of the original version concerning shock-peakons have been update, whereas references [9] and [10] have been added as well. We thank Professor Hans Lundmark for his valuable comments and suggestions made on the earlier version of the manuscript

The distinguishability between two quantum states can be defined in terms of their trace distance. The operational meaning of this definition involves a maximization over measurement projectors. Here we introduce an alternative definition of distinguishability which, instead of projectors, is based on maximization over normalized states (density matrices). It is shown that this procedure leads to a distance (between two states) that, in contrast to the usual approach based on a 1-norm, is based on an infinite-norm. Properties such as convexity, monotonicity, and invariance under unitary transformations are fulfilled. Equivalent operational implementations based on maximization over classical probabilities and hypothesis testing scenarios are also established. When considering the action of completely positive transformations contractivity is only granted for unital maps. This feature allows us to introduce a measure of the quantumness of non-unital maps that can be written in terms of the proposed distinguishability measure and corresponds to the maximal possible deviation from contractivity. Particular examples sustain the main results and conclusions., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures

To enhance the field of continuous motor health monitoring, we present FAN-COIL-I, an extensive vibration sensor dataset derived from a Fan Coil motor. This dataset is uniquely positioned to facilitate the detection and prediction of motor health issues, enabling a more efficient maintenance scheduling process that can potentially obviate the need for regular checks. Unlike existing datasets, often created under controlled conditions or through simulations, FAN-COIL-I is compiled from real-world operational data, providing an invaluable resource for authentic motor diagnosis and predictive maintenance research. Gathered using a high-resolution 32KHz sampling rate, the dataset encompasses comprehensive vibration readings from both the forward and rear sides of the Fan Coil motor over a continuous two-week period, offering a rare glimpse into the dynamic operational patterns of these systems in a corporate setting. FAN-COIL-I stands out not only for its real-world applicability but also for its potential to serve as a reliable benchmark for researchers and practitioners seeking to validate their models against genuine engine conditions.

This study investigates vulnerabilities in dependencies of sampled open-source software (OSS) projects, the relationship between these and overall project security, and how developers' behaviors and practices influence their mitigation. Through analysis of OSS projects, we have identified common issues in outdated or unmaintained dependencies, including pointer dereferences and array bounds violations, that pose significant security risks. We have also examined developer responses to formal verifier reports, noting a tendency to dismiss potential issues as false positives, which can lead to overlooked vulnerabilities. Our results suggest that reducing the number of direct dependencies and prioritizing well-established libraries with strong security records are effective strategies for enhancing the software security landscape. Notably, four vulnerabilities were fixed as a result of this study, demonstrating the effectiveness of our mitigation strategies., Comment: 16 pages

In this work, we obtain estimates for the upper bound of gaps between consecutive eigenvalues for the eigenvalue problem of a class of second-order elliptic differential operators in divergent form, with Dirichlet boundary conditions, in a limited domain of n-dimensional Euclidean space. This class of operators includes the well-known Laplacian and the square Cheng-Yau operator. For the Laplacian case, our estimate coincides with that obtained by D. Chen, T. Zheng, and H. Yang, which is the best possible in terms of the order of the eigenvalues. For pinched Cartan-Hadamard manifolds the estimates were made in particular cases of this operator.