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5. Superiority and cost-effectiveness of Individual Placement and Support versus standard employment support for people with alcohol and drug dependence: a pragmatic, parallel-group, open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial

Author

Marsden, John, Anders, Paul, Shaw, Claire, Amasiatu, Chioma, Collate, Winnie, Eastwood, Brian, Horgan, Patrick, Khetani, Meetal, Knight, Jonathan, Knight, Sandy, Melaugh, Alexandra, Clark, Helen, and Stannard, Jez

Published
2024
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11. The long-term impact of treatment for individuals presenting to specialist services in England with opioid addiction problems

Author

Eastwood, Brian, Marsden, John Richard, and Strang, John S.

Subjects
362.29
Abstract

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a debilitating, chronic psychiatric disorder. Opioid substitution treatment (OST) is associated with the suppression of illicit drug use, criminal offending and improved health. Efficacy trials estimate the response to short interventions and follow-ups but may not reflect outcomes from routinely delivered OST. National administrative databases circumvent this limitation. This thesis addresses the impact of publicly funded treatment for OUD using the English National Drug Treatment Monitoring System (NDTMS). Aims: The thesis has three aims: to identify sub-populations of OUD patients at treatment admission and estimate their likelihood of completing treatment successfully over the next five years; to identify longitudinal sub-populations among those continuously enrolled in OST for five years based on heroin use and estimate their likelihood of completing treatment successfully; to identify longitudinal sub-populations based on alcohol and other drug use and estimate whether membership modifies the likelihood of completing treatment successfully. Design and method: National, five-year, prospective, observational cohort studies of community specialist treatment for OUD by data linkage with NDTMS and fatal drug-related poisoning data from the Office for National Statistics. The population for Study 1 was adults who entered treatment between 1 April 2008 and 31 March 2009 (n=54,347). The cohort for Study 2 and Study 3 was a subset of Study 1 who were continuously enrolled in treatment for five years (n=7,719). An objective summative outcome measure was used, comprised of Successful Completion of treatment (clinician-verified) with No Representation (SCNR) to treatment in the following six months. Analysis was by Latent Class Analysis, Multilevel Latent Class Growth Analysis, Multinomial Logistic Regression and Multilevel Logistic Regression. Findings: One fifth of discharged patients in Study 1 achieved remission from OUD. Of the four sub-populations of heroin users identified from their co-presenting substance use disorder at admission, heroin and crack cocaine users were less likely to recover. Those continuously in treatment for over two years were more likely to recover. Five longitudinal sub-populations (trajectories) of heroin users were identified for Study 2. Patients whose heroin use tended towards abstinence were more likely to recover in Year 6 and Year 7. Adjunctive psychosocial intervention during OST increased the likelihood of remission. Study 3 identified between three and five trajectory classes for crack cocaine, alcohol, cannabis and unspecified drug use. The continued high-level heroin use trajectory class during OST was associated with high-level crack cocaine and alcohol use and increasing unspecified drug use. Increasing use of crack cocaine was associated with a decreased likelihood that long-term OST was completed successfully. Conclusions: This thesis presents the first national long-term evaluations of the impact of publicly funded treatment for OUD in England. As relapse requiring treatment is relatively common in the first six months following treatment completion, these studies highlight the importance of incorporating re-presentation to treatment in the assessment of remission. Sub-population analysis is an important facet in evaluating patients' progress through treatment, produces novel insights into the effectiveness of routinely delivered treatment and offers critical policy and clinical implications.

Published
2019

13. Symmetry in Frontal But Not Motor and Somatosensory Cortical Projections.

Author

Papale, Andrew E., Harish, Madhumita, Paletzki, Ronald F., O’Connor, Nathan J., Eastwood, Brian S., Seal, Rebecca P., Williamson, Ross S., Gerfen, Charles R., and Hooks, Bryan M.

Subjects
MOTOR cortex, BASAL ganglia, TRANSGENIC mice, SYMMETRY, FRONTAL lobe
Abstract

The neocortex and striatum are topographically organized for sensory and motor functions. While sensory and motor areas are lateralized for touch and motor control, respectively, frontal areas are involved in decision-making, where lateralization of function may be less important. This study contrasted the topographic precision of cell-type-specific ipsilateral and contralateral cortical projections while varying the injection site location in transgenic mice of both sexes. While sensory cortical areas had strongly topographic outputs to the ipsilateral cortex and striatum, they were weaker and not as topographically precise to contralateral targets. The motor cortex had somewhat stronger projections but still relatively weak contralateral topography. In contrast, frontal cortical areas had high degrees of topographic similarity for both ipsilateral and contralateral projections to the cortex and striatum. Corticothalamic organization is mainly ipsilateral, with weaker, more medial contralateral projections. Corticostriatal computations might integrate input outside closed basal ganglia loops using contralateral projections, enabling the two hemispheres to act as a unit to converge on one result in motor planning and decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Pathways between probation and addiction treatment in England

Author

Eastwood, Brian, primary, Horgan, Patrick, additional, Kettle, Michael, additional, Henderson, Grant, additional, Corr, Simon, additional, Maddalena, Nino, additional, March, Guy, additional, Bazely, Mariana, additional, Osmond, James, additional, Katz, Matthew, additional, Lam, Vincent, additional, Morris, Thomas, additional, Chalam-Judge, Rosie, additional, Martin, Eleanor, additional, and Robinson, Lisa, additional

Published
2023
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24. Fatal opioid overdoses during and shortly after hospital admissions in England: A case-crossover study

Author

Lewer, Dan, Eastwood, Brian, White, Martin, Brothers, Thomas D., McCusker, Martin, Copeland, Caroline, Farrell, Michael, and Petersen, Irene

Subjects
Drugs -- Overdose, Hospitals -- Admission and discharge, Biological sciences
Abstract

Background Hospital patients who use illicit opioids such as heroin may use drugs during an admission or leave the hospital in order to use drugs. There have been reports of patients found dead from drug poisoning on the hospital premises or shortly after leaving the hospital. This study examines whether hospital admission and discharge are associated with increased risk of opioid-related death. Methods and findings We conducted a case-crossover study of opioid-related deaths in England. Our study included 13,609 deaths between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019 among individuals aged 18 to 64. For each death, we sampled 5 control days from the period 730 to 28 days before death. We used data from the national Hospital Episode Statistics database to determine the time proximity of deaths and control days to hospital admissions. We estimated the association between hospital admission and opioid-related death using conditional logistic regression, with a reference category of time neither admitted to the hospital nor within 14 days of discharge. A total of 236/13,609 deaths (1.7%) occurred following drug use while admitted to the hospital. The risk during hospital admissions was similar or lower than periods neither admitted to the hospital nor recently discharged, with odds ratios 1.03 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.21; p = 0.75) for the first 14 days of an admission and 0.41 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.56; p < 0.001) for days 15 onwards. 1,088/13,609 deaths (8.0%) occurred in the 14 days after discharge. The risk of opioid-related death increased in this period, with odds ratios of 4.39 (95% CI 3.75 to 5.14; p < 0.001) on days 1 to 2 after discharge and 2.09 (95% CI 1.92 to 2.28; p < 0.001) on days 3 to 14. 11,629/13,609 deaths (85.5%) did not occur close to a hospital admission, and the remaining 656/13,609 deaths (4.8%) occurred in hospital following admission due to drug poisoning. Risk was greater for patients discharged from psychiatric admissions, those who left the hospital against medical advice, and those leaving the hospital after admissions of 7 days or more. The main limitation of the method is that it does not control for time-varying health or drug use within individuals; therefore, hospital admissions coinciding with high-risk periods may in part explain the results. Conclusions Discharge from the hospital is associated with an acute increase in the risk of opioid-related death, and 1 in 14 opioid-related deaths in England happens in the 2 weeks after the hospital discharge. This supports interventions that prevent early discharge and improve linkage with community drug treatment and harm reduction services., Author(s): Dan Lewer 1,2,3,*, Brian Eastwood 2, Martin White 2, Thomas D. Brothers 1,3,4, Martin McCusker 5, Caroline Copeland 6,7, Michael Farrell 3, Irene Petersen 8 Introduction People who use [...]

Published
2021
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25. Symmetry in frontal but not motor and somatosensory corticocortical and corticostriatal circuitry

Author

Papale, Andrew E., Harish, Madhumita, Paletzki, Ronald F., O’Connor, Nathan J., Eastwood, Brian S., Seal, Rebecca P., Williamson, Ross S., Gerfen, Charles R., and Hooks, Bryan M.

Subjects
Article
Abstract

Neocortex and striatum are topographically organized by cortical areas representing sensory and motor functions, where primary cortical areas are generally used as models for other cortical regions. But different cortical areas are specialized for distinct purposes, with sensory and motor areas lateralized for touch and motor control, respectively. Frontal areas are involved in decision making, where lateralization of function may be less important. This study contrasted the topographic precision of ipsilateral and contralateral projections from cortex based on the injection site location. While sensory cortical areas had strongly topographic outputs to ipsilateral cortex and striatum, they were weaker and not as topographically strong to contralateral targets. Motor cortex had somewhat stronger projections, but still relatively weak contralateral topography. In contrast, frontal cortical areas had high degrees of topographic similarity for both ipsilateral and contralateral projections to cortex and striatum. This contralateral connectivity reflects on the pathways in which corticostriatal computations might integrate input outside closed basal ganglia loops, enabling the two hemispheres to act as a single unit and converge on one result in motor planning and decision making.

Published
2023

27. Supplementary Figure 2 from Myostatin Neutralization Results in Preservation of Muscle Mass and Strength in Preclinical Models of Tumor-Induced Muscle Wasting

Author

Smith, Rosamund C., primary, Cramer, Martin S., primary, Mitchell, Pamela J., primary, Capen, Andrew, primary, Huber, Lysiane, primary, Wang, Rong, primary, Myers, Laura, primary, Jones, Bryan E., primary, Eastwood, Brian J., primary, Ballard, Darryl, primary, Hanson, Jeff, primary, Credille, Kelly M., primary, Wroblewski, Victor J., primary, Lin, Boris K., primary, and Heuer, Josef G., primary

Published
2023
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28. Data from Myostatin Neutralization Results in Preservation of Muscle Mass and Strength in Preclinical Models of Tumor-Induced Muscle Wasting

Author

Smith, Rosamund C., primary, Cramer, Martin S., primary, Mitchell, Pamela J., primary, Capen, Andrew, primary, Huber, Lysiane, primary, Wang, Rong, primary, Myers, Laura, primary, Jones, Bryan E., primary, Eastwood, Brian J., primary, Ballard, Darryl, primary, Hanson, Jeff, primary, Credille, Kelly M., primary, Wroblewski, Victor J., primary, Lin, Boris K., primary, and Heuer, Josef G., primary

Published
2023
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29. Supplementary Figure 5 from Myostatin Neutralization Results in Preservation of Muscle Mass and Strength in Preclinical Models of Tumor-Induced Muscle Wasting

Author

Smith, Rosamund C., primary, Cramer, Martin S., primary, Mitchell, Pamela J., primary, Capen, Andrew, primary, Huber, Lysiane, primary, Wang, Rong, primary, Myers, Laura, primary, Jones, Bryan E., primary, Eastwood, Brian J., primary, Ballard, Darryl, primary, Hanson, Jeff, primary, Credille, Kelly M., primary, Wroblewski, Victor J., primary, Lin, Boris K., primary, and Heuer, Josef G., primary

Published
2023
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30. Supplementary Figure 3 from Myostatin Neutralization Results in Preservation of Muscle Mass and Strength in Preclinical Models of Tumor-Induced Muscle Wasting

Author

Smith, Rosamund C., primary, Cramer, Martin S., primary, Mitchell, Pamela J., primary, Capen, Andrew, primary, Huber, Lysiane, primary, Wang, Rong, primary, Myers, Laura, primary, Jones, Bryan E., primary, Eastwood, Brian J., primary, Ballard, Darryl, primary, Hanson, Jeff, primary, Credille, Kelly M., primary, Wroblewski, Victor J., primary, Lin, Boris K., primary, and Heuer, Josef G., primary

Published
2023
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31. Supplementary Figure 6 from Myostatin Neutralization Results in Preservation of Muscle Mass and Strength in Preclinical Models of Tumor-Induced Muscle Wasting

Author

Smith, Rosamund C., primary, Cramer, Martin S., primary, Mitchell, Pamela J., primary, Capen, Andrew, primary, Huber, Lysiane, primary, Wang, Rong, primary, Myers, Laura, primary, Jones, Bryan E., primary, Eastwood, Brian J., primary, Ballard, Darryl, primary, Hanson, Jeff, primary, Credille, Kelly M., primary, Wroblewski, Victor J., primary, Lin, Boris K., primary, and Heuer, Josef G., primary

Published
2023
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32. Supplementary Figure 4 from Myostatin Neutralization Results in Preservation of Muscle Mass and Strength in Preclinical Models of Tumor-Induced Muscle Wasting

Author

Smith, Rosamund C., primary, Cramer, Martin S., primary, Mitchell, Pamela J., primary, Capen, Andrew, primary, Huber, Lysiane, primary, Wang, Rong, primary, Myers, Laura, primary, Jones, Bryan E., primary, Eastwood, Brian J., primary, Ballard, Darryl, primary, Hanson, Jeff, primary, Credille, Kelly M., primary, Wroblewski, Victor J., primary, Lin, Boris K., primary, and Heuer, Josef G., primary

Published
2023
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33. Supplementary Figure 1 from Myostatin Neutralization Results in Preservation of Muscle Mass and Strength in Preclinical Models of Tumor-Induced Muscle Wasting

Author

Smith, Rosamund C., primary, Cramer, Martin S., primary, Mitchell, Pamela J., primary, Capen, Andrew, primary, Huber, Lysiane, primary, Wang, Rong, primary, Myers, Laura, primary, Jones, Bryan E., primary, Eastwood, Brian J., primary, Ballard, Darryl, primary, Hanson, Jeff, primary, Credille, Kelly M., primary, Wroblewski, Victor J., primary, Lin, Boris K., primary, and Heuer, Josef G., primary

Published
2023
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34. Supplementary Figure Legends from Myostatin Neutralization Results in Preservation of Muscle Mass and Strength in Preclinical Models of Tumor-Induced Muscle Wasting

Author

Smith, Rosamund C., primary, Cramer, Martin S., primary, Mitchell, Pamela J., primary, Capen, Andrew, primary, Huber, Lysiane, primary, Wang, Rong, primary, Myers, Laura, primary, Jones, Bryan E., primary, Eastwood, Brian J., primary, Ballard, Darryl, primary, Hanson, Jeff, primary, Credille, Kelly M., primary, Wroblewski, Victor J., primary, Lin, Boris K., primary, and Heuer, Josef G., primary

Published
2023
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37. Genome-wide RNAseq study of the molecular mechanisms underlying microglia activation in response to pathological tau perturbation in the rTg4510 tau transgenic animal model

Author

Wang, Hong, Li, Yupeng, Ryder, John W., Hole, Justin T., Ebert, Philip J., Airey, David C., Qian, Hui-Rong, Logsdon, Benjamin, Fisher, Alice, Ahmed, Zeshan, Murray, Tracey K., Cavallini, Annalisa, Bose, Suchira, Eastwood, Brian J., Collier, David A., Dage, Jeffrey L., Miller, Bradley B., Merchant, Kalpana M., O’Neill, Michael J., and Demattos, Ronald B.

Published
2018
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41. Additional file 6 of Mechanism of action deconvolution of the small-molecule pathological tau aggregation inhibitor Anle138b

Author

Hosseini-Gerami, Layla, Ficulle, Elena, Humphryes-Kirilov, Neil, Airey, David C., Scherschel, James, Kananathan, Sarubini, Eastwood, Brian J., Bose, Suchira, Collier, David A., Laing, Emma, Evans, David, Broughton, Howard, and Bender, Andreas

Abstract

Additional file 6. Figure S1. Heatmap showing the differential expression (as log2-fold change) of significantly differentially expressed genes when comparing hAD tau seeded RCNs to unseeded RCNs (Seed - Control) and Anle138-treated hAD tau seeded RCNs to vehicle control hAD tau seeded RCNs (Anle + Seed - Seed) at DIV (days in vitro) 3. Figure S2. Heatmap showing the differential expression (as log2-fold change) of significantly differentially expressed genes when comparing hAD tau seeded RCNs to unseeded RCNs (Seed - Control) and Anle138-treated hAD tau seeded RCNs to vehicle control hAD tau seeded RCNs (Anle + Seed - Seed) at DIV (days in vitro) 7. Figure S3. Heatmap showing the differential expression (as log2-fold change) of significantly differentially expressed genes when comparing hAD tau seeded RCNs to unseeded RCNs (Seed - Control) and Anle138-treated hAD tau seeded RCNs to vehicle control hAD tau seeded RCNs (Anle + Seed - Seed) at DIV (days in vitro) 14. Figure S4. Most significantly enriched pathways at each time point in Anle138b-treated unseeded RCNs. Significance level of p = 0.05 is indicated as a red dashed line on the x-axis. Figure S5. Most enriched pathways at each time point in Anle138b-treated hAD Tau seeded RCNs. Significance level of p = 0.05 is indicated as a red dashed line on the x-axis. Table S1. DEGs overlapping with Open Targets (July 2020) Alzheimer’s Disease association list (bold) or Tauopathies association list (underlined) in each Anle138b perturbation experiment, as well as the overall overlap with AD + Tauopathies, and the corresponding Odd’s Ratio and p-value calculated with Fisher’s Exact Test. Table S2. Full list of overlapping pathways (FDR-adjusted p-value

Published
2023
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42. HR Data Is Sought After On The Dark Web. How Can Employers Protect Worker Info?

Author

Eastwood, Brian

Subjects
Privacy, Right of -- Laws, regulations and rules, Data security -- Laws, regulations and rules, Labor relations -- Laws, regulations and rules, Internet -- Safety and security measures, Personal information -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Internet security, Data security issue, Business, international, Illinois. Biometric Information Privacy Act of 2008
Abstract

Every company has sensitive employee information. That means HR leaders should take on more cybersecurity responsibility, sources say. Cybercriminals famously prefer certain types of data. Anyone working in healthcare or [...]

Published
2022

45. Preclinical profile of a dopamine D1 potentiator suggests therapeutic utility in neurological and psychiatric disorders

Author

Bruns, Robert F., Mitchell, Stephen N., Wafford, Keith A., Harper, Alex J., Shanks, Elaine A., Carter, Guy, OʼNeill, Michael J., Murray, Tracey K., Eastwood, Brian J., Schaus, John M., Beck, James P., Hao, Junliang, Witkin, Jeffrey M., Li, Xia, Chernet, Eyassu, Katner, Jason S., Wang, Hong, Ryder, John W., Masquelin, Meghane E., Thompson, Linda K., Love, Patrick L., Maren, Deanna L., Falcone, Julie F., Menezes, Michelle M., Zhang, Linli, Yang, Charles R., and Svensson, Kjell A.

Published
2018
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47. Occlusion Removal in Video Microscopy

Author

Eastwood, Brian, Taylor, Russell M., II, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Kropatsch, Walter G., editor, Kampel, Martin, editor, and Hanbury, Allan, editor

Published
2007
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