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1. Tuberculosis: Integrated Studies for a Complex Disease 2050

Author

Rezaei, Nima, Hosseini, Nastaran-Sadat, Saghazadeh, Amene, Fateh, Abolfazl, Duse, Adriano, Ahmad, Aijaz, Braley, Alexander E., Tahta, Alican, Kamboj, Alisha, Khan, Amer Hayat, Coelho, Ana Cláudia, Fuso, Andrea, Varón, Andrés, Trajman, Anete, Saxena, Anil Kumar, Ganeshpurkar, Ankit, Casapao, Anthony M., Tkachenko, Anton, Devnikar, Anushka V., Moshiri, Arfa, Muñoz-Barrutia, Arrate, Dasgupta, Arunava, Natarajan, Arvind, Gupta, Ashish, Coyne, Ashlan J. Kunz, Jordan, Ashly E., Kumar, Ashok, Ergeshov, Atadzhan, Pourakbari, Babak, Joshi, Basant, Chavarro-Portillo, Bibiana, Soto, Carlos Y., Kanipe, Carly, Schmidt, Christiane Mello, Cox, Christophe, Gómez-Cruz, Clara, Cardoso, Claudete Aparecida Araújo, Sant´Anna, Clemax Couto, Johnson, Courtney, Rodríguez-Silva, Cristhian N., Rosales, Cristian, Licona-Cassani, Cuauhtémoc, Fast, Cynthia D., Pérez-Martínez, Damián, Pizzol, Damiano, Perlman, David C., Philips, Dennis, Viveros, Diana, Fisher, Dina A., Butov, Dmytro, Egelund, Eric F., de Igartua, Everest, Bhatt, Garima, Mgode, Georgies, Quaglio, Gianluca, Putoto, Giovanni, Mini, G. K., Thomas-Richardson, Govind, Wylie, Greg, dos Santos Fernandes, Guilherme Felipe, Bermúdez, Gustavo, Quintas, Hélder, Verma, Himanshu, Eoh, Hyungjin, Putera, Ikhwanuliman, Sivokozov, Ilya, Pires, Isabel, Lee, Jae Jin, Lombard, Jason E., dos Santos, Jean Leandro, Zellweger, Jean-Pierre, Thomas-Richardson, Jenu, Lordson, Jinbert, Prates, João Lucas, Cervantes, Jorge, Porcel, José M., Vaquero, Juan José, Prada, Justina, Kamboj, Kamal, Tabbara, Khalid F., Mussie, Kirubel Manyazewal, Patel, Krupesh, Porcel, Laura, Fiebig, Lena, Mohan, Malu, Yadav, Mange Ram, López-R, Marcela, Correia-Neves, Margarida, da Conceição Fontes, Maria, de Fátima Pombo Bazhuni Sant´Anna, Maria, Cañadas-Ortega, Marina, Singh, Meenakshi, Lause, Michael, Maya-Hoyos, Milena, Omrani, Mir Davood, Palmer, Mitchell V., Ahmad, Mohammad Naiyaz, Seid, Mohammed Assen, Chauhan, Monica, Saxena, Mridula, Marimani, Musa, Srinivas, Nanduri, Beyene, Negussie, Arenas, Nelson E., Cardoso, Nicole, Oliveira, Olena, Silakari, Om, Inlamea, Osvaldo, Tanrıverdi, Özgür, Boggiatto, Paola M., Santos, Paola, Mejía-Ponce, Paulina, Soares, Pedro, Sell, Philip, Murumkar, Prashant R., Devanandan, Praveen, Zheng, Qi, Lim, Rachel K., Aurílio, Rafaela Baroni, Ghuge, Rahul B., Barot, Rahul R., Rahul, Puvvada, Ranadheer Chowdary, Duarte, Raquel, Singh, Ravi, Sinha, Richa, La Distia Nora, Rina, Burny, Robert, Zenteno-Cuevas, Roberto, Mali, Sagar, Shoughy, Samir S., Tarashi, Samira, Mishra, Sapna, Malasala, Satyaveni, Mamishi, Setareh, Siadat, Seyed Davar, Choudhary, Shalki, Mahmoudi, Shima, Chopra, Sidharth, Nandi, Sisir, Faisal, Sobia, Goel, Sonu, Huszár, Stanislav, Field, Stephen K., Singh, Sushil Kumar, Rito, Teresa, Butova, Tetiana, Manning, Thomas, van der Werf, Tjip S., Myasoedov, Valeriy, Vásquez, Vanessa, Muthukumar, Vijey Aanandhi, Singh, Vinayak, Hall, Walter A., Hikmahwati, Wandya, Turgut, Yaşar Barış, Thaker, Yatri, Kawabata, Yoshinori, de Reus, Yvette A., and Rezaei, Nima, Editor-in-Chief

Published
2023
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7. Contributors

Author

Ahmad, Aijaz, primary, AlAjmi, Mohamed Fahad, additional, Alam, Mahmood A., additional, Alghamdi, Othman A., additional, Bakthavatchala Reddy, N., additional, Balakrishna, A., additional, Duse, Adriano, additional, Hafiz, Abdul, additional, Hajela, Krishnan, additional, Hashmi, Athar Adil, additional, Husain, Syed Masood, additional, Hussain, Afzal, additional, Iqbal, Prince F., additional, Khan, Shama, additional, Khurshid Alam Khan, Md., additional, Malik, Manzoor Ahmad, additional, Marimani, Musa, additional, Maurya, Indresh Kumar, additional, Mohammed, Arif, additional, Munir, Rifat, additional, Nasiruddin, Mohammad, additional, Semwal, Deepak Kumar, additional, Semwal, Ruchi Badoni, additional, Singh, Shailesh Kumar, additional, Sravya, G., additional, Sukumar, Sudarkodi, additional, Surendra, T.V., additional, Suresh Reddy, C., additional, Wani, Mohmmad Younus, additional, Wani, Waseem A., additional, Zafaryab, Md., additional, and Zyryanov, Grigory V., additional

Published
2020
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14. Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions

Author

Laxminarayan, Ramanan, Duse, Adriano, Wattal, Chand, Zaidi, Anita K M, Wertheim, Heiman F L, Sumpradit, Nithima, Vlieghe, Erika, Hara, Gabriel Levy, Gould, Ian M, Goossens, Herman, Greko, Christina, So, Anthony D, Bigdeli, Maryam, Tomson, Göran, Woodhouse, Will, Ombaka, Eva, Peralta, Arturo Quizhpe, Qamar, Farah Naz, Mir, Fatima, Kariuki, Sam, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Coates, Anthony, Bergstrom, Richard, Wright, Gerard D, Brown, Eric D, and Cars, Otto

Published
2013
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17. A position statement and practical guide to the use of particulate filtering facepiece (N95, FFP2, or equivalent) respirators for South African health care workers exposed to respiratory pathogens including M. tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2

Author

Lalloo, Umesh, Feldman, Charles, Nyamande, Kennedy, Wong, Michelle, Karat, Aaron, Dawood, Halima, Esmail, Aliasgar, Lalla, Usha, Koegelenberg, Coenraad, Zar, Heather, Hausler, Harry, Venter, Francois, Richards, Guy, Charalambous, Salome, von Delft, Arne, van der Westhuizen, Helene-Mari, Dheda, Keertan, Ntusi, Ntobeko, Perumal, Rubeshan, Duse, Adriano, Nel, Jeremy, Churchyard, Gavin, Adams, Shahieda, Allwood, Brian, van Zyl Smit, Richard, Moultrie, Harry, Martinson, Neil, Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus, Lasersohn, Lance, Mer, Mervyn, and Prieser, Wolfgang

Subjects
bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Diseases|Virus Diseases, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Diseases, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Diseases|Bacterial Infections and Mycoses, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Public Health|Epidemiology, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Public Health, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Public Health|Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, bepress|Medicine and Health Sciences|Public Health|Health Services Research
Abstract

Executive summaryInitial recommendations for protecting health care workers (HCWs) against COVID-19 were based on an early and incomplete understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission; namely, that it occurred mainly via large respiratory droplets (>10 µm) that were inhaled into the nasopharynx, directly inoculated onto mucous membranes, deposited on the skin and transferred by direct contact, or transferred indirectly by infected fomites. There is now substantial evidence to show that transmission by aerosol (particles

Published
2021

18. A position statement and practical guide to the use of particulate filtering facepiece (N95, FFP2, or equivalent) respirators for South African health care workers exposed to respiratory pathogens including M. tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2

Author

Dheda, Keertan, primary, Charalambous, Salome, additional, Karat, Aaron S, additional, von Delft, Arne, additional, Lalloo, Umesh G, additional, van Zyl Smit, Richard, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Allwood, Brian W, additional, Esmail, Aliasgar, additional, Wong, Michelle L, additional, Duse, Adriano, additional, Richards, Guy, additional, Feldman, Charles, additional, Mer, Mervyn, additional, Nyamande, Kennedy, additional, Lalla, Usha, additional, Koegelenberg, Coenraad FN, additional, Venter, Francois, additional, Dawood, Halima, additional, Adams, Shahieda, additional, Ntusi, Ntobeko A. B., additional, Moosa, Mahomed-Yunus S, additional, van der Westhuizen, Helene-Mari, additional, Martinson, Neil A, additional, Moultrie, Harry, additional, Nel, Jeremy, additional, Hausler, Harry, additional, Prieser, Wolfgang, additional, Lasersohn, Lance, additional, Zar, Heather J, additional, and Churchyard, Gavin J, additional

Published
2021
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20. Nosocomial outbreak of novel arenavirus infection, Southern Africa

Author

Paweska, Janusz T., Sewlall, Nivesh H., Ksiazek, Thomas G., Blumberg, Lucille H., Hale, Martin J., Lipkin, W. Ian, Weyer, Jacqueline, Nichol, Stuart T., Rollin, Pierre E., McMullan, Laura K., Paddock, Christopher D., Briese, Thomas, Mnyaluza, Joy, Dinh, Thu-Ha, Mukonka, Victor, Ching, Pamela, Duse, Adriano, Richards, Guy, de Jong, Gillian, Cohen, Cheryl, Ikalafeng, Bridget, Mugero, Charles, Asomugha, Chika, Malotle, Mirriam M., Nteo, Dorothy M., Misiani, Eunice, Swanepoel, Robert, and Zaki, Sherif R.

Subjects
Company distribution practices, Disease transmission -- Health aspects, Disease transmission -- Control, Disease transmission -- Research, Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) -- Usage, Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) -- Methods, Arenavirus diseases -- Risk factors, Arenavirus diseases -- Distribution, Arenavirus diseases -- Prevention, Arenavirus diseases -- Research
Abstract

Arenaviruses associated with rodents are known to cause fatal hemorrhagic fevers in humans in South America and West Africa. We describe a nosocomial outbreak of infection with a novel arenavirus [...]

Published
2009
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22. Outbreak of Listeriosis in South Africa Associated with Processed Meat

Author

Thomas, Juno, primary, Govender, Nevashan, additional, McCarthy, Kerrigan M., additional, Erasmus, Linda K., additional, Doyle, Timothy J., additional, Allam, Mushal, additional, Ismail, Arshad, additional, Ramalwa, Ntsieni, additional, Sekwadi, Phuti, additional, Ntshoe, Genevie, additional, Shonhiwa, Andronica, additional, Essel, Vivien, additional, Tau, Nomsa, additional, Smouse, Shannon, additional, Ngomane, Hlengiwe M., additional, Disenyeng, Bolele, additional, Page, Nicola A., additional, Govender, Nelesh P., additional, Duse, Adriano G., additional, Stewart, Rob, additional, Thomas, Teena, additional, Mahoney, Deon, additional, Tourdjman, Mathieu, additional, Disson, Olivier, additional, Thouvenot, Pierre, additional, Maury, Mylène M., additional, Leclercq, Alexandre, additional, Lecuit, Marc, additional, Smith, Anthony M., additional, and Blumberg, Lucille H., additional

Published
2020
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27. Development of standardized laboratory methods and quality processes for a phase III study of the RTS, S/AS01 candidate malaria vaccine

Author

Carter Terrell, Villafana Tonya, Okech Brenda, Ofori-Anyinam Opokua, Greenwood Brian, Kremsner Peter, Drakeley Chris, Oyakhirome Sunny, Bruls Myriam, Vekemans Johan, Swysen Christine, Savarese Barbara, Duse Adriano, Reijman Andrea, Ingram Charlotte, Frean John, and Ogutu Bernhards

Subjects
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background A pivotal phase III study of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria candidate vaccine is ongoing in several research centres across Africa. The development and establishment of quality systems was a requirement for trial conduct to meet international regulatory standards, as well as providing an important capacity strengthening opportunity for study centres. Methods Standardized laboratory methods and quality assurance processes were implemented at each of the study centres, facilitated by funding partners. Results A robust protocol for determination of parasite density based on actual blood cell counts was set up in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations. Automated equipment including haematology and biochemistry analyzers were put in place with standard methods for bedside testing of glycaemia, base excess and lactacidaemia. Facilities for X-rays and basic microbiology testing were also provided or upgraded alongside health care infrastructure in some centres. External quality assurance assessment of all major laboratory methods was established and method qualification by each laboratory demonstrated. The resulting capacity strengthening has ensured laboratory evaluations are conducted locally to the high standards required in clinical trials. Conclusion Major efforts by study centres, together with support from collaborating parties, have allowed standardized methods and robust quality assurance processes to be put in place for the phase III evaluation of the RTS, S/AS01 malaria candidate vaccine. Extensive training programmes, coupled with continuous commitment from research centre staff, have been the key elements behind the successful implementation of quality processes. It is expected these activities will culminate in healthcare benefits for the subjects and communities participating in these trials. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00866619

Published
2011
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29. Laboratory based antimicrobial resistance surveillance for Pseudomonas aeruginosa blood isolates from South Africa

Author

Singh-Moodley, Ashika, primary, Duse, Adriano, additional, Naicker, Preneshni, additional, Kularatne, Ranmini, additional, Nana, Trusha, additional, Lekalakala, Ruth, additional, Mbelle, Nontombi, additional, Dawood, Halima, additional, Swe Swe Han, Khine, additional, Ramjathan, Praksha, additional, Bhola, Prathna, additional, Whitelaw, Andrew, additional, and Perovic, Olga, additional

Published
2018
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32. Prevalence and Trends of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteraemia in Hospitalized Patients in South Africa, 2010 to 2012: Laboratory-Based Surveillance Mapping of Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology

Author

Perovic, Olga, primary, Iyaloo, Samantha, additional, Kularatne, Ranmini, additional, Lowman, Warren, additional, Bosman, Noma, additional, Wadula, Jeannette, additional, Seetharam, Sharona, additional, Duse, Adriano, additional, Mbelle, Nontombi, additional, Bamford, Colleen, additional, Dawood, Halima, additional, Mahabeer, Yesholata, additional, Bhola, Prathna, additional, Abrahams, Shareef, additional, and Singh-Moodley, Ashika, additional

Published
2015
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34. Development of standardized laboratory methods and quality processes for a phase III study of the RTS, S/AS01 candidate malaria vaccine

Author

Swysen, Christine, Vekemans, Johan, Bruls, Myriam, Oyakhirome, Sunny, Drakeley, Chris, Kremsner, Peter, Greenwood, Brian, Ofori-Anyinam, Opokua, Okech, Brenda, Villafana, Tonya, Carter, Terrell, Savarese, Barbara, Duse, Adriano, Reijman, Andrea, Ingram, Charlotte, Frean, John, Ogutu, Bernhards, and Clinical Trials Partnership Committee

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A pivotal phase III study of the RTS,S/AS01 malaria candidate vaccine is ongoing in several research centres across Africa. The development and establishment of quality systems was a requirement for trial conduct to meet international regulatory standards, as well as providing an important capacity strengthening opportunity for study centres. METHODS: Standardized laboratory methods and quality assurance processes were implemented at each of the study centres, facilitated by funding partners. RESULTS: A robust protocol for determination of parasite density based on actual blood cell counts was set up in accordance with World Health Organization recommendations. Automated equipment including haematology and biochemistry analyzers were put in place with standard methods for bedside testing of glycaemia, base excess and lactacidaemia. Facilities for X-rays and basic microbiology testing were also provided or upgraded alongside health care infrastructure in some centres. External quality assurance assessment of all major laboratory methods was established and method qualification by each laboratory demonstrated. The resulting capacity strengthening has ensured laboratory evaluations are conducted locally to the high standards required in clinical trials. CONCLUSION: Major efforts by study centres, together with support from collaborating parties, have allowed standardized methods and robust quality assurance processes to be put in place for the phase III evaluation of the RTS, S/AS01 malaria candidate vaccine. Extensive training programmes, coupled with continuous commitment from research centre staff, have been the key elements behind the successful implementation of quality processes. It is expected these activities will culminate in healthcare benefits for the subjects and communities participating in these trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00866619.

Published
2011

43. An international multicenter study of antimicrobial consumption and resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 15 hospitals in 14 countries

Author

Westh, Henrik, Zinn, Christina Scheel, Rosdahl, Vibeke Thamdrup, Couto, Elsa, Struelens, Marc, MacGowan, Alasdair, Meurman, Olli, Etienne, J. C., Milatovic, Dana, Wallrauch, Claudia, Paniara, Olga, Udo, Edet Ekpenyong, Miciulleviciené, J., Yasin, Rohani Md, Cowley, N., Lang, Selwyn, Hofstad, T., Digranes, Asbjörn, Mlynarczyk, Grazyna, Duse, Adriano Gianmaria, Marco, Francesc, Trilla, T., Walder, Mats, Laurell, H., Bruckner, David, Wilson, Michael, Weinstein, Melvin, Pearman, John, Coombs, Geoffrey, Westh, Henrik, Zinn, Christina Scheel, Rosdahl, Vibeke Thamdrup, Couto, Elsa, Struelens, Marc, MacGowan, Alasdair, Meurman, Olli, Etienne, J. C., Milatovic, Dana, Wallrauch, Claudia, Paniara, Olga, Udo, Edet Ekpenyong, Miciulleviciené, J., Yasin, Rohani Md, Cowley, N., Lang, Selwyn, Hofstad, T., Digranes, Asbjörn, Mlynarczyk, Grazyna, Duse, Adriano Gianmaria, Marco, Francesc, Trilla, T., Walder, Mats, Laurell, H., Bruckner, David, Wilson, Michael, Weinstein, Melvin, Pearman, John, and Coombs, Geoffrey

Abstract

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2004

44. An international multicenter study of antimicrobial resistance and typing of hospital Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 21 laboratories in 19 countries or states

Author

Zinn, Christina Scheel, Westh, Henrik, Rosdahl, Vibeke Thamdrup, Couto, Elsa, Struelens, Marc, MacGowan, Alasdair, Meurman, Olli, Etienne, J. C., Milatovic, Dana, Wallrauch, Claudia, Paniara, Olga, Udo, Edet Ekpenyong, Miciulleviciené, J., Yasin, Rohani Md, Cowley, N., Lang, Selwyn, Hofstad, T., Digranes, Asbjörn, Mlynarczyk, Grazyna, Duse, Adriano Gianmaria, Marco, Francesc, Trilla, T., Walder, Mats, Laurell, H., Bruckner, David, Wilson, Michael, Weinstein, Melvin, Pearman, John, Coombs, Geoffrey, Zinn, Christina Scheel, Westh, Henrik, Rosdahl, Vibeke Thamdrup, Couto, Elsa, Struelens, Marc, MacGowan, Alasdair, Meurman, Olli, Etienne, J. C., Milatovic, Dana, Wallrauch, Claudia, Paniara, Olga, Udo, Edet Ekpenyong, Miciulleviciené, J., Yasin, Rohani Md, Cowley, N., Lang, Selwyn, Hofstad, T., Digranes, Asbjörn, Mlynarczyk, Grazyna, Duse, Adriano Gianmaria, Marco, Francesc, Trilla, T., Walder, Mats, Laurell, H., Bruckner, David, Wilson, Michael, Weinstein, Melvin, Pearman, John, and Coombs, Geoffrey

Abstract

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2004

45. Geographic variation in the frequency of isolation and fluconazole and voriconazole susceptibilities of Candida glabrata: an assessment from the ARTEMIS DISK Global Antifungal Surveillance Program

Author

Pfaller, Michael A., primary, Diekema, Daniel J., additional, Gibbs, David L., additional, Newell, Vance A., additional, Barton, Richard, additional, Bijie, Hu, additional, Bille, Jacques, additional, Chang, Shan-Chwen, additional, da Luz Martins, Maria, additional, Duse, Adriano, additional, Dzierzanowska, Danuta, additional, Ellis, David, additional, Finquelievich, Jorge, additional, Gould, Ian, additional, Gur, Deniz, additional, Hoosen, Anwar, additional, Lee, Kyungwon, additional, Mallatova, Nada, additional, Mallie, Michele, additional, Peng, NG Kee, additional, Petrikos, George, additional, Santiago, Axel, additional, Trupl, Jan, additional, VanDen Abeele, Ann Marie, additional, Wadula, Jeannette, additional, and Zaidi, Mussaret, additional

Published
2010
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48. Molecular characterisation of clinical and environmental isolates of Mycobacterium kansasii isolates from South African gold mines.

Author

Kwenda, Geoffrey, Churchyard, Gavin J., Thorrold, Catherine, Heron, Ian, Stevenson, Karen, Duse, Adriano G., and Marais, Elsé

Subjects
MYCOBACTERIUM, LUNG diseases, GOLD miners, MOLECULAR epidemiology, MYCOBACTERIA, POLYMERASE chain reaction, DISEASES
Abstract

Mycobacterium kansasii (M. kansasii) is a major cause of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease in the South African gold-mining workforce, but the source of infection and molecular epidemiology are unknown. This study investigated the presence of M. kansasii in gold and coal mine and associated hostel water supplies and compared the genetic diversity of clinical and environmental isolates of M. kansasii. Five M. kansasii and ten other potentially pathogenic mycobacteria were cultured mainly from showerhead biofilms. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction analysis of the hsp65 gene on 196 clinical and environmental M. kansasii isolates revealed 160 subtype I, eight subtype II and six subtype IV strains. Twenty-two isolates did not show the typical M. kansasii restriction patterns, suggesting that these isolates may represent new subtypes of M. kansasii. In contrast to the clonal population structure found amongst the subtype I isolates from studies in other countries, DNA fingerprinting of 114 clinical and three environmental subtype I isolates demonstrated genetic diversity amongst the isolates. This study demonstrated that showerheads are possible sources of M. kansasii and other pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in a gold-mining region, that subtype I is the major clinical isolate of M. kansasii strain and that this subtype exhibits genetic diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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49. Epidemiology of Glycopeptide-Resistant Enterococci Colonizing High-Risk Patients in Hospitals in Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa

Author

von Gottberg, Anne, van Nierop, Wim, Duse´, Adriano, Kassel, Marlene, McCarthy, Kerrigan, Brink, Adrian, Meyers, Marilyn, Smego, Raymond, and Koornhof, Hendrik

Abstract

ABSTRACTRecent cases of infections caused by glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE) have highlighted the emergence of these organisms in the Republic of South Africa. During May 1998 we conducted a prevalence study in four hospitals in Johannesburg and obtained 184 rectal swabs from patients identified as being at high risk for GRE colonization. Twenty enterococcal isolates showing various glycopeptide resistance genotypes were recovered: 3 Enterococcus faecium vanAisolates, 10 E. faecium vanBisolates, 6 E. gallinarum vanC1isolates, and 1 E. avium vanAisolate. Macrorestriction analysis was used to demonstrate the clonal spread of GRE strains within hospitals. Evidence also demonstrated the likely persistence of the original E. faecium vanAisolate associated with the first confirmed death contributed to by GRE infection in South Africa in March 1997.

Published
2000
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50. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of selected invasive pathogens from public sector hospitals in South Africa, 2007.

Author

Bamford, Colleen, Badenhorst, Loekie, Duse, Adriano G., Hoosen, Anwar A., Nchabeleng, Maphoshane, Oliver, Stephen, Perovic, Olga, Pyu Pyu Sein, Simpson, John, Wadula, Jeannette, and Wasserman, Elizabeth

Subjects
MICROBIAL sensitivity tests, PATHOGENIC microorganisms, PUBLIC hospitals, CEREBROSPINAL fluid, STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae, PENICILLIN
Abstract

Retrospective antibiotic surveillance data of selected invasive pathogens isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid at public sector hospitals in South Africa in 2007 are presented. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined according to the 2007 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae remains a highly resistant pathogen, with approximately half of all strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. All laboratories reported considerable resistance among Acinetobacter spp. Approximately 50-60% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from blood were resistant to cloxacillin. Among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from blood and cerebrospinal fluid, resistance to penicillin ranged from 0% to 6% at most laboratories and 16-42% of isolates were classified with intermediate resistance to penicillin. Resistance to ceftriaxone in S. pneumoniae was rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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