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1. Performance of large-scale 6Li-doped pulse-shape discriminating plastic scintillators

Author

Roca, C., Bowden, N. S., Carman, L., Dazeley, S. A., Durham, S. R., Falana, O. M., Ford, M. J., Glenn, A. M., Hurlbut, C., Li, V. A., Mendenhall, M. P., Shipp, K., Sutanto, F., and Zaitseva, N. P.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

A $^6$Li-doped plastic scintillator with pulse-shape discrimination capabilities, commercially identified as EJ-299-50, has been developed and produced at the kilogram-scale. A total of 44 kg-scale bars of dimensions 5.5 cm $\times$ 5.5 cm $\times$ 50 cm of this material have been characterized. Optical properties like light output and effective attenuation length have been found to be comparable to $^6$Li-doped liquid scintillators. The scintillator EJ-299-50 shows good neutron detection capabilities with an effective efficiency for capture on $^6$Li of approximately 85%. Stability tests performed on two formulation variations showed no intrinsic degradation in the material or optical properties during several months of observations.

Published
2024

2. Deployment of Water-based Liquid Scintillator in the Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment

Author

ANNIE Collaboration, Ascencio-Sosa, M., Bagdasarian, Z., Beacom, J., Bergevin, M., Breisch, M., Vera, G. Caceres, Dazeley, S., Doran, S., Drakopoulou, E., Edayath, S., Edwards, R., Eisch, J., Feng, Y., Fischer, V., Foster, R., Gardiner, S., Gokhale, S., Hackspacher, P., Hagner, C., He, J., Kaiser, B., Krennrich, F., Lachenmaier, T., Lemmons, F., Maksimovic, D., Malek, M., Martyn, J., Mastbaum, A., McGivern, C., Minock, J., Nieslony, M., O'Flaherty, M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Pershing, T., Pickard, L., Poonthottathil, N., Reyes, C., Richards, B., Rosero, R., Sanchez, M. C., Schmid, D. T., Smy, M., Stender, M., Sutton, A., Svoboda, R., Tiras, E., Vagins, M., Veeraraghavan, V., Wang, J., Weinstein, A., Wetstein, M., Wurm, M., Yeh, M., and Zhang, T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is a 26-ton water Cherenkov neutrino detector installed on the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. Its main physics goals are to perform a measurement of the neutron yield from neutrino-nucleus interactions, as well as a measurement of the charged-current cross section of muon neutrinos. An equally important focus is placed on the research and development of new detector technologies and target media. Specifically water-based liquid scintillator (WbLS) is of interest as a novel detector medium, as it allows for the simultaneous detection of scintillation and Cherenkov light. This paper presents the deployment of a 366L WbLS vessel in ANNIE in March 2023 and the subsequent detection of both Cherenkov light and scintillation from the WbLS. This proof-of-concept allows for the future development of reconstruction and particle identification algorithms in ANNIE, as well as dedicated analyses, such as the search for neutral current events and the hadronic scintillation component within the WbLS volume., Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures

Published
2023

3. $^6$Li-loaded liquid scintillators produced by direct dissolution of compounds in diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN)

Author

Zaitseva, N. P., Carman, M. L., Ford, M. J., Glenn, A. M., Roca, C., Durham, S., Sutanto, F., Dazeley, S. A., and Bowden, N. S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The paper describes preparation of $^6$Li-loaded liquid scintillators by methods involving direct dissolution of $^6$Li salts in the commercial diisopropylnaphthalene (DIPN) solvent, without the formation of water-in-oil emulsions. Methods include incorporation of $^6$Li that, unlike previously reported formulations, does not require additions of water or a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid (HCl). Results of the conducted experiments show that dissolution of aromatic and aliphatic $^6$Li salts in DIPN can be easily achieved at 0.1- 0.3% by weight of atomic $^6$Li, using small additions of waterless surfactants, or mild carboxylic acids. An alternative way suggests incorporation of $^6$Li as a part of a surfactant molecule that can be dissolved in DIPN without any solubilizing additions. Proposed methods enable preparation of efficient $^6$Li-loaded liquid scintillators that, at a large scale of 50 cm, exhibit good pulse shape discrimination (PSD) properties combined with up to 107% of light output and up to 115% of the attenuation length measured relative to standard undoped EJ-309 liquid scintillator., Comment: Accepted for Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A

Published
2023
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4. EOS: a demonstrator of hybrid optical detector technology

Author

Anderson, T., Anderssen, E., Askins, M., Bacon, A. J., Bagdasarian, Z., Baldoni, A., Barros, N., Bartoszek, L., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Blucher, E., Boissevain, J., Bonventre, R., Brown, D., Callaghan, E. J., Cowen, D. F., Dazeley, S., Diwan, M., Duce, M., Fleming, D., Frankiewicz, K., Gooding, D. M., Grant, C., Juechter, J., Kaptanoglu, T., Kim, T., Klein, J. R., Kraus, C., Kroupová, T., Land, B., Lebanowski, L., Lozza, V., Marino, A., Mastbaum, A., Mauger, C., Mayers, G., Minock, J., Naugle, S., Newcomer, M., Nikolica, A., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Pickard, L., Ren, L., Rincon, A., Rowe, N., Saba, J., Schoppmann, S., Sensenig, J., Smiley, M., Song, H., Steiger, H., Svoboda, R., Tiras, E., To, W. H., Trzaska, W. H., Van Berg, R., Veeraraghavan, V., Wallig, J., Wendel, G., Wetstein, M., Wurm, M., Yang, G., Yeh, M., and Zimmerman, E. D.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

EOS is a technology demonstrator, designed to explore the capabilities of hybrid event detection technology, leveraging both Cherenkov and scintillation light simultaneously. With a fiducial mass of four tons, EOS is designed to operate in a high-precision regime, with sufficient size to utilize time-of-flight information for full event reconstruction, flexibility to demonstrate a range of cutting edge technologies, and simplicity of design to facilitate potential future deployment at alternative sites. Results from EOS can inform the design of future neutrino detectors for both fundamental physics and nonproliferation applications.

Published
2022
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5. Exclusion and Verification of Remote Nuclear Reactors with a 1-Kiloton Gd-Doped Water Detector

Author

Akindele, O. A., Bernstein, A., Bergevin, M., Dazeley, S. A., Sutanto, F., Mullen, A., and Hecla, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

To date, antineutrino experiments built for the purpose of demonstrating a nonproliferation capability have typically employed organic scintillators, were situated as close to the core as possible -typically a few meters to tens of meters distant and have not exceeded a few tons in size. One problem with this approach is that proximity to the reactor core require accommodation by the host facility. Water Cherenkov detectors located offsite, at distances of a few kilometers or greater, may facilitate non-intrusive monitoring and verification of reactor activities over a large area. As the standoff distance increases, the detector target mass must scale accordingly. This article quantifies the degree to which a kiloton-scale gadolinium-doped water-Cherenkov detector can exclude the existence of undeclared reactors within a specified distance, and remotely detect the presence of a hidden reactor in the presence of declared reactors, by verifying the operational power and standoff distance using a Feldman-Cousins based likelihood analysis. A 1-kton scale (fiducial) water Cherenkov detector can exclude gigawatt-scale nuclear reactors up to tens of kilometers within a year. When attempting to identify the specific range and power of a reactor, the detector energy resolution was not sufficient to delineate between the two.

Published
2022

6. Eos: conceptual design for a demonstrator of hybrid optical detector technology

Author

Anderson, T, Anderssen, E, Askins, M, Bacon, AJ, Bagdasarian, Z, Baldoni, A, Barros, N, Bartoszek, L, Bergevin, M, Bernstein, A, Blucher, E, Boissevain, J, Bonventre, R, Brown, D, Callaghan, EJ, Cowen, DF, Dazeley, S, Diwan, M, Duce, M, Fleming, D, Frankiewicz, K, Gooding, DM, Grant, C, Juechter, J, Kaptanoglu, T, Kim, T, Klein, JR, Kraus, C, Kroupová, T, Land, B, Lebanowski, L, Lozza, V, Marino, A, Mastbaum, A, Mauger, C, Mayers, G, Minock, J, Naugle, S, Newcomer, M, Nikolica, A, Gann, GD Orebi, Pickard, L, Ren, L, Rincon, A, Rowe, N, Saba, J, Schoppmann, S, Sensenig, J, Smiley, M, Song, H, Steiger, H, Svoboda, R, Tiras, E, To, WH, Trzaska, WH, Van Berg, R, Veeraraghavan, V, Wallig, J, Wendel, G, Wetstein, M, Wurm, M, Yang, G, Yeh, M, and Zimmerman, ED

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Cherenkov detectors, Double-beta decay detectors, Neutrino detectors, Particle identification methods, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

Eos is a technology demonstrator, designed to explore the capabilities of hybrid event detection technology, leveraging both Cherenkov and scintillation light simultaneously. With a fiducial mass of four tons, Eos is designed to operate in a high-precision regime, with sufficient size to utilize time-of-flight information for full event reconstruction, flexibility to demonstrate a range of cutting edge technologies, and simplicity of design to facilitate potential future deployment at alternative sites. Results from Eos can inform the design of future neutrino detectors for both fundamental physics and nonproliferation applications. This paper describes the conceptual design and potential applications of the Eos detector.

Published
2023

7. A Call to Arms Control: Synergies between Nonproliferation Applications of Neutrino Detectors and Large-Scale Fundamental Neutrino Physics Experiments

Author

Akindele, T., Anderson, T., Anderssen, E., Askins, M., Bohles, M., Bacon, A. J., Bagdasarian, Z., Baldoni, A., Barna, A., Barros, N., Bartoszek, L., Bat, A., Beier, E. W., Benson, T., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Birrittella, B., Blucher, E., Boissevain, J., Bonventre, R., Borusinki, J., Bourret, E., Brown, D., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chen, M., Cowen, D. F., Crow, B., Dalnoki-Veress, F., Danielson, D., Dazeley, S., Diwan, M., Djurcic, Z., Druetzler, A., Dye, S., Dye, S. T., Eisch, J., Elagin, A., Enqvist, T., Erlandson, Andrew, Fahrendholz, U., Fienberg, A., Fischer, V., Frankiewicz, K., Garzelli, M. V., Gooding, D., Graham, C., Grant, C., Griskevich, J., Guffanti, D., Hagner, C., Hallin, A., He, J., Hecla, J., Jackson, C. M., Jiang, R., Jovanovic, I., Kaptanoglu, T., Keenan, M., Keener, P., Kemp, E., Klein, J. R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kraus, C., Krennrich, F., Kroupa, T., Kunkle, P., Kutter, T., Lachenmaier, T., Land, B., Lande, K., Learned, J., Learned, J. G., Lebanowski, L., Li, V., Li, V. A., Lozza, V., Ludhova, L., Mahapatra, Rupak, Malek, M., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marino, A., Marr-Laundrie, P., Martyn, J., Mastbaum, A., Mauger, C., Mayer, M., Migenda, J., Moore, J., Moretti, F., Mullen, A., Napolitano, J., Naranjo, B., Naugle, S., Neights, E., Newcomer, M., Nieslony, M., Nikolica, A., Nishimura, K., O'Meara, B., Oberauer, L., Ochoa-Ricoux, J. P., Ogren, K., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Ouellet, J., Oxborough, L., Papatyi, A., Paulos, B., Pershing, T., Petcov, S. T., Pickard, L., Pronost, G., Rosero, R., Saba, J., Sabarots, L., Sanchez, M. C., Sawatzki, J., Schoppmann, S., Sensenig, J., Seo, S. H., Seo, S., Shebalin, V., Smiley, M., Smy, M., Song, H., Stahl, A., Steiger, H., Stock, M. R., Suekane, F., Sunej, H., Sutanto, F., Svoboda, R., Tiras, E., Trzaska, W. H., Tzanov, M., Vagins, M., Van Berg, R., Varner, G., Veeraraghavan, V., Ventura, S., Vilela, C., Vogelaar, R. B., Walsh, B., Wang, Z., Wang, J., Wang, W., Wendel, G., Westphal, D., Wetstein, M., Wilhelm, A., Wilking, M. J., Winslow, L., Wittich, P., Wolcott, S., Wonsak, B., Worcester, E., Wurm, M., Yang, G., Yeh, M., Zimmerman, E. D., Zsoldos, S., and Zuber, K.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

The High Energy Physics community can benefit from a natural synergy in research activities into next-generation large-scale water and scintillator neutrino detectors, now being studied for remote reactor monitoring, discovery and exclusion applications in cooperative nonproliferation contexts. Since approximately 2010, US nonproliferation researchers, supported by the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), have been studying a range of possible applications of relatively large (100 ton) to very large (hundreds of kiloton) water and scintillator neutrino detectors. In parallel, the fundamental physics community has been developing detectors at similar scales and with similar design features for a range of high-priority physics topics, primarily in fundamental neutrino physics. These topics include neutrino oscillation studies at beams and reactors, solar, and geological neutrino measurements, supernova studies, and others. Examples of ongoing synergistic work at U.S. national laboratories and universities include prototype gadolinium-doped water and water-based and opaque scintillator test-beds and demonstrators, extensive testing and industry partnerships related to large area fast position-sensitive photomultiplier tubes, and the development of concepts for a possible underground kiloton-scale water-based detector for reactor monitoring and technology demonstrations. Some opportunities for engagement between the two communities include bi-annual Applied Antineutrino Physics conferences, collaboration with U.S. National Laboratories engaging in this research, and occasional NNSA funding opportunities supporting a blend of nonproliferation and basic science R&D, directed at the U.S. academic community., Comment: contribution to Snowmass 2021

Published
2022

8. The Double Chooz antineutrino detectors

Author

Double Chooz Collaboration, de Kerret, H., Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Abrahão, T., Ahijado, J. M., Akiri, T., Alarcón, J. M., Alba, J., Almazan, H., Anjos, J. C. dos, Appel, S., Ardellier, F., Barabanov, I., Barriere, J. C., Baussan, E., Baxter, A., Bekman, I., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bertoli, W., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukov, L., Blanco, C., Bleurvacq, N., Blucher, E., Bonet, H., Bongrand, M., Bowden, N. S, Brugière, T., Buck, C., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Calvo, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cazaux, S., Cela, J. M., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. J., Charon, P., Chauveau, E., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M, Cormon, S., Corpace, O., Courty, B., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Cribier, M., Crum, K., Cuadrado, S., Cucoanes, A., D'Agostino, M., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dierckxsens, M., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dorigo, F., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Efremekov, Y., Elnimr, M., Etenko, A., Falk, E., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., Felde, J., Fernandes, S. M., Fernández-Bedoya, C., Francia, D., Franco, D., Fischer, V., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Garcia, F., Garcia, J., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Givaudan, A., Göger-Neff, M., Gomez, H., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodenough, L., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J., Gramlich, B., Greiner, D., Guertin, A., Guillon, B., Habib, S. M., Haddad, Y., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Hartnell, J., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hellwig, D., Hervé, S., Hofacker, R., Horton-Smith, G., Hourlier, A., Ishitsuka, M., Jänner, K., Jiménez, S., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Kaether, F., Kale, K., Kalousis, L., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaneda, M., Kaplan, D. M., Karakac, M., Kawasaki, T., Kemp, E., Kibe, Y., Kirchner, T., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Langbrandtner, C., Lasserre, T., Lastoria, C., Latron, L., Leonardo, C., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., López-Castaño, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lucht, S., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marie, F., Martinez, J. J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., McKee, D., Meigner, F., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Meyer, J. P., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Millot, J. F., Minotti, A., Mirones, V., Miyata, H., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Navas-Nicolás, D., Nikitenko, Y., Novella, P., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Onillon, A., Oralbaev, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Peeters, S. J. M., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Pronost, G., Puras, J. C., Quéval, R., Ramirez, J. L., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Reissfelder, M., Remoto, A., Reyna, D., Rodriguez, I., Röhling, M., Roncin, R., Rudolf, N., Rybolt, B., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schwan, U., Scola, L., Settimo, M., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Shaevitz, M. A., Sharankova, R., Sibille, V., Sida, J. L., Sinev, V., Shrestha, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Soldin, P., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Starzynski, P., Stock, M. R., Stokes, L. F. F., Strait, M., Stüken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Sun, Z., Svoboda, R., Tabata, H., Tamura, N., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toral, F., Toups, M., Thi, H. Trinh, Valdivia, F., Valdiviesso, G., Vassilopoulos, N., Verdugo, A., Veyssiere, C., Viaud, B., Vignaud, D., Vivier, M., Wagner, S., Wiebusch, C., White, B., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Wurtz, J., Yang, G., Yáñez, J., Yermia, F., and Zbiri, K.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

This article describes the setup and performance of the near and far detectors in the Double Chooz experiment. The electron antineutrinos of the Chooz nuclear power plant were measured in two identically designed detectors with different average baselines of about 400 m and 1050 m from the two reactor cores. Over many years of data taking the neutrino signals were extracted from interactions in the detectors with the goal of measuring a fundamental parameter in the context of neutrino oscillation, the mixing angle {\theta}13. The central part of the Double Chooz detectors was a main detector comprising four cylindrical volumes filled with organic liquids. From the inside towards the outside there were volumes containing gadolinium-loaded scintillator, gadolinium-free scintillator, a buffer oil and, optically separated, another liquid scintillator acting as veto system. Above this main detector an additional outer veto system using plastic scintillator strips was installed. The technologies developed in Double Chooz were inspiration for several other antineutrino detectors in the field. The detector design allowed implementation of efficient background rejection techniques including use of pulse shape information provided by the data acquisition system. The Double Chooz detectors featured remarkable stability, in particular for the detected photons, as well as high radiopurity of the detector components., Comment: 49 pages, 29 figures

Published
2022
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9. SANDD: A directional antineutrino detector with segmented 6Li-doped pulse-shape-sensitive plastic scintillator

Author

Sutanto, F., Classen, T. M., Dazeley, S. A., Duvall, M. J., Jovanovic, I., Li, V. A., Mabe, A. N., Reedy, E. T. E., and Wu, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present a characterization of a small (9-liter) and mobile 0.1% 6Li-doped pulse-shape-sensitive plastic scintillator antineutrino detector called SANDD (Segmented AntiNeutrino Directional Detector), constructed for the purpose of near-field reactor monitoring with sensitivity to antineutrino direction. SANDD comprises three different types of module. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation code was developed to match and validate the performance of each of the three modules. The combined model was then used to produce a prediction of the performance of the entire detector. Analysis cuts were established to isolate antineutrino inverse beta decay events while rejecting large fraction of backgrounds. The neutron and positron detection efficiencies are estimated to be 34.8% and 80.2%, respectively, while the coincidence detection efficiency is estimated to be 71.7%, resulting in inverse beta decay detection efficiency of 20.05 +/- 0.2%(stat.) +/- 2.1%(syst.). The predicted directional sensitivity of SANDD produces an uncertainty of 20 degree in the azimuthal direction per 100 detected antineutrino events.

Published
2021
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10. Measurement of Muon-induced High-energy Neutrons from Rock in an Underground Gd-doped Water Detector

Author

Sutanto, F., Akindele, O. A., Askins, M., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bowden, N. S., Dazeley, S., Jaffke, P., Jovanovic, I., Quillin, S., Roecker, C., and Rountree, S. D.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present a measurement of the rate of correlated neutron captures in the WATCHBOY detector, deployed at a depth of approximately 390 meters water equivalent (m.w.e.) in the Kimballton Underground Research Facility (KURF). WATCHBOY consists of a cylindrical 2 ton water target doped with 0.1% gadolinium, surrounded by a 40 ton undoped water hermetic shield. We present a comparison of our results with the expected rate of correlated neutron captures arising from high-energy neutrons incident on the outside of the WATCHBOY shield, predicted by a hybrid FLUKA/GEANT4-based simulation. The incident neutron energy distribution used in the simulation was measured by a fast neutron spectrometer, the 1.8-ton Multiplicity and Recoil Spectrometer (MARS) detector, at the same depth. We find that the measured detection rate of two correlated neutrons is consistent with that predicted by simulation. The result lends additional confidence in the detection technique used by MARS, and therefore in the MARS spectra as measured at three different depths. Confirmation of the fast neutron flux and spectrum is important as it helps validate the scaling models used to predict the fast neutron fluxes at different overburdens., Comment: 11 pages, 16 figures, Phys. Rev. C (forthcoming)

Published
2020
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12. Directionally Accelerated Detection of an Unknown Second Reactor with Antineutrinos for Mid-Field Nonproliferation Monitoring

Author

Danielson, D. L., Akindele, O. A., Askins, M., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Burns, J., Carroll, A., Coleman, J., Collins, R., Connor, C., Cowen, D. F., Dalnoki-Veress, F., Dazeley, S., Diwan, M. V., Duron, J., Dye, S. T., Eisch, J., Ezeribe, A., Fischer, V., Foster, R., Frankiewicz, K., Grant, C., Gribble, J., He, J., Holligan, C., Holt, G., Huang, W., Jovanovic, I., Kneale, L., Korkeila, L., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kunkle, P., Mak, R. Lap Keung, Learned, J. G., Lewis, P., Li, V. A., Liu, X., Malek, M., Maricic, J., Mauger, C., McCauley, N., Metelko, C., Mills, R., Muheim, F., Murphy, A. St. J, Needham, M., Nishimura, K., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Paling, S. M., Pershing, T., Pickard, L., Pinheiro, B., Quillin, S., Rogers, S., Scarff, A., Schnellbach, Y., Scovell, P. R., Shaw, T., Shebalin, V., Smith, G. D., Smy, M. B., Spooner, N., Sutanto, F., Svoboda, R., Thompson, L. F., Toth, C., Vagins, M. R., Ventura, S., Wetstein, M. J., and Yeh, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

When monitoring a reactor site for nuclear nonproliferation purposes, the presence of an unknown or hidden nuclear reactor could be obscured by the activities of a known reactor of much greater power nearby. Thus when monitoring reactor activities by the observation of antineutrino emissions, one must discriminate known background reactor fluxes from possible unknown reactor signals under investigation. To quantify this discrimination, we find the confidence to reject the (null) hypothesis of a single proximal reactor, by exploiting directional antineutrino signals in the presence of a second, unknown reactor. In particular, we simulate the inverse beta decay (IBD) response of a detector filled with a 1 kT fiducial mass of Gadolinium-doped liquid scintillator in mineral oil. We base the detector geometry on that of WATCHMAN, an upcoming antineutrino monitoring experiment soon to be deployed at the Boulby mine in the United Kingdom whose design and deployment will be detailed in a forthcoming white paper. From this simulation, we construct an analytical model of the IBD event distribution for the case of one $4\mathrm{\ GWt}\pm2\%$ reactor 25 km away from the detector site, and for an additional, unknown, 35 MWt reactor 3 to 5 km away. The effects of natural-background rejection cuts are approximated. Applying the model, we predict $3\sigma$ confidence to detect the presence of an unknown reactor within five weeks, at standoffs of 3 km or nearer. For more distant unknown reactors, the $3\sigma$ detection time increases significantly. However, the relative significance of directional sensitivity also increases, providing up to an eight week speedup to detect an unknown reactor at 5 km away. Therefore, directionally sensitive antineutrino monitoring can accelerate the mid-field detection of unknown reactors whose operation might otherwise be masked by more powerful reactors in the vicinity., Comment: 9 pages, 10 figures

Published
2019

14. Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE): Preliminary Results and Physics Phase Proposal

Author

Back, A. R., Beacom, J. F., Bergevin, M., Catano-Mur, E., Dazeley, S., Drakopoulou, E., Di Lodovico, F., Elagin, A., Eisch, J., Fischer, V., Gardiner, S., Hatcher, R., He, J., Hill, R., Katori, T., Krennrich, F., Kreymer, R., Malek, M., McGivern, C. L., Needham, M., O'Flaherty, M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Richards, B., Sanchez, M. C., Smy, M., Svoboda, R., Tiras, E., Vagins, M., Wang, J., Weinstein, A., and Wetstein, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The R&D mission of the Accelerator Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment (ANNIE) is described in detail. ANNIE is: (1) an important measurement of neutrino-nucleus interactions focusing specifically on neutron production, and (2) an R&D effort focused on using new photodetector technology and chemical additives to make advanced water-base neutrino detectors. The ANNIE experiment consists of a small Water Cherenkov detector, instrumented with both conventional photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and Large Area Picosecond Photodetectors (LAPPDs) deployed on the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. The experiment is designed to proceed in two stages: a partially-instrumented test-beam run using only PMTs (Phase I) for the purpose of measuring critical neutron backgrounds to the experiment; and a physics run with a fully-instrumented detector (Phase II). This paper gives preliminary results of the first phase and described the detector design upgrades necessary for the next phase., Comment: Submitted to the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Physics Advisory Committee

Published
2017

15. The Double Chooz antineutrino detectors

Author

de Kerret, H., Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Abrahão, T., Ahijado, J. M., Akiri, T., Alarcón, J. M., Alba, J., Almazan, H., dos Anjos, J. C., Appel, S., Ardellier, F., Barabanov, I., Barriere, J. C., Baussan, E., Baxter, A., Bekman, I., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bertoli, W., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukov, L., Blanco, C., Bleurvacq, N., Blucher, E., Bonet, H., Bongrand, M., Bowden, N. S, Brugière, T., Buck, C., Avanzini, M. Buizza, Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Caden, E., Calvo, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cazaux, S., Cela, J. M., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. J., Charon, P., Chauveau, E., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M, Cormon, S., Corpace, O., Courty, B., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Cribier, M., Crum, K., Cuadrado, S., Cucoanes, A., D’Agostino, M., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dierckxsens, M., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dorigo, F., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Efremeko, Y., Elnimr, M., Etenko, A., Falk, E., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., Felde, J., Fernandes, S. M., Fernández-Bedoya, C., Francia, D., Franco, D., Fischer, V., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Garcia, F., Garcia, J., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Givaudan, A., Göger-Neff, M., Gomez, H., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodenough, L., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J., Gramlich, B., Greiner, D., Guertin, A., Guillon, B., Habib, S. M., Haddad, Y., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Hartnell, J., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hellwig, D., Hervé, S., Hofacker, R., Horton-Smith, G., Hourlier, A., Ishitsuka, M., Jänner, K., Jiménez, S., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Kaether, F., Kale, K., Kalousis, L., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaneda, M., Kaplan, D. M., Karakac, M., Kawasaki, T., Kemp, E., Kibe, Y., Kirchner, T., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kutter, T., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Langbrandtner, C., Lasserre, T., Lastoria, C., Latron, L., Leonardo, C., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima, Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., López-Castaño, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B., Lucht, S., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marie, F., Martinez, J. J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., McKee, D., Meigner, F., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Meyer, J. P., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Millot, J. F., Minotti, A., Mirones, V., Miyata, H., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Navas-Nicolás, D., Nikitenko, Y., Novella, P., Oberauer, L., Obolensky, M., Onillon, A., Oralbaev, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Peeters, S. J. M., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Pronost, G., Puras, J. C., Quéval, R., Ramirez, J. L., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Reissfelder, M., Remoto, A., Reyna, D., Rodriguez, I., Röhling, M., Roncin, R., Rudolf, N., Rybolt, B., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schwan, U., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Scola, L., Settimo, M., Shaevitz, M. A., Sharankova, R., Sibille, V., Sida, J.-L., Sinev, V., Shrestha, D., Skorokhvatov, M., Soldin, P., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Starzynski, P., Stock, M. R., Stokes, L. F. F., Strait, M., Stüken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Sun, Z., Svoboda, R., Tabata, H., Tamura, N., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toral, F., Toups, M., Thi, H. Trinh, Valdivia, F., Valdiviesso, G., Vassilopoulos, N., Verdugo, A., Veyssiere, C., Viaud, B., Vignaud, D., Vivier, M., Wagner, S., Wiebusch, C., White, B., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Wurtz, J., Yang, G., Yáñez, J., Yermia, F., and Zbiri, K.

Published
2022
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16. A search for cosmogenic production of $\beta$-neutron emitting radionuclides in water

Author

Dazeley, S., Askins, M., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bowden, N. S., Jaffke, P., Rountree, S. D., Shokair, T. M., and Sweany, M.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Here we present the first results of WATCHBOY, a water Cherenkov detector designed to measure the yield of $\beta$-neutron emitting radionuclides produced by cosmic ray muons in water. In addition to the $\beta$-neutron measurement, we also provide a first look at isolating single-$\beta$ producing radionuclides following muon-induced hadronic showers as a check of the detection capabilities of WATCHBOY. The data taken over $207$ live days indicates a $^{9}$Li production yield upper limit of $1.9\times10^{-7}\mu^{-1}g^{-1}\mathrm{cm}^2$ at $\sim400$ meters water equivalent (m.w.e.) overburden at the $90\%$ confidence level. In this work the $^{9}$Li signal in WATCHBOY was used as a proxy for the combined search for $^{9}$Li and $^{8}$He production. This result will provide a constraint on estimates of antineutrino-like backgrounds in future water-based antineutrino detectors., Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures

Published
2015
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17. Reconstructing the direction of reactor antineutrinos via electron scattering in Gd-doped water Cherenkov detectors

Author

Hellfeld, D., Dazeley, S., Bernstein, A., and Marianno, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The potential of elastic antineutrino-electron scattering in a Gd-doped water Cherenkov detector to determine the direction of a nuclear reactor antineutrino flux was investigated using the recently proposed WATCHMAN antineutrino experiment as a baseline model. The expected scattering rate was determined assuming a 13-km standoff from a 3.758-GWt light water nuclear reactor and the detector response was modeled using a Geant4-based simulation package. Background was estimated via independent simulations and by scaling published measurements from similar detectors. Background contributions were estimated for solar neutrinos, misidentified reactor-based inverse beta decay interactions, cosmogenic radionuclides, water-borne radon, and gamma rays from the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), detector walls, and surrounding rock. We show that with the use of low background PMTs and sufficient fiducialization, water-borne radon and cosmogenic radionuclides pose the largest threats to sensitivity. Directional sensitivity was then analyzed as a function of radon contamination, detector depth, and detector size. The results provide a list of experimental conditions that, if satisfied in practice, would enable antineutrino directional reconstruction at 3$\sigma$ significance in large Gd-doped water Cherenkov detectors with greater than 10-km standoff from a nuclear reactor., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures

Published
2015
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19. Reconstructing the direction of reactor antineutrinos via electron scattering in Gd-doped water Cherenkov detectors

Author

Hellfeld, D, Bernstein, A, Dazeley, S, and Marianno, C

Subjects
Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract

The potential of elastic antineutrino-electron scattering in a Gd-doped water Cherenkov detector to determine the direction of a nuclear reactor antineutrino flux was investigated using the recently proposed WATCHMAN antineutrino experiment as a baseline model. The expected scattering rate was determined assuming a 13-km standoff from a 3.758-GWt light water nuclear reactor and the detector response was modeled using a Geant4-based simulation package. Background was estimated via independent simulations and by scaling published measurements from similar detectors. Background contributions were estimated for solar neutrinos, misidentified reactor-based inverse beta decay interactions, cosmogenic radionuclides, water-borne radon, and gamma rays from the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), detector walls, and surrounding rock. We show that with the use of low background PMTs and sufficient fiducialization, water-borne radon and cosmogenic radionuclides pose the largest threats to sensitivity. Directional sensitivity was then analyzed as a function of radon contamination, detector depth, and detector size. The results provide a list of experimental conditions that, if satisfied in practice, would enable antineutrino directional reconstruction at 3σ significance in large Gd-doped water Cherenkov detectors with greater than 10-km standoff from a nuclear reactor.

Published
2017

20. The Physics and Nuclear Nonproliferation Goals of WATCHMAN: A WAter CHerenkov Monitor for ANtineutrinos

Author

Askins, M., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Dazeley, S., Dye, S. T., Handler, T., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hellfeld, D., Jaffke, P., Kamyshkov, Y., Land, B. J., Learned, J. G., Marleau, P., Mauger, C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Roecker, C., Rountree, S. D., Shokair, T. M., Smy, M. B., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Vagins, M. R., van Bibber, K. A., Vogelaar, R. B., Wetstein, M. J., and Yeh, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

This article describes the physics and nonproliferation goals of WATCHMAN, the WAter Cherenkov Monitor for ANtineutrinos. The baseline WATCHMAN design is a kiloton scale gadolinium-doped (Gd) light water Cherenkov detector, placed 13 kilometers from a civil nuclear reactor in the United States. In its first deployment phase, WATCHMAN will be used to remotely detect a change in the operational status of the reactor, providing a first- ever demonstration of the potential of large Gd-doped water detectors for remote reactor monitoring for future international nuclear nonproliferation applications. During its first phase, the detector will provide a critical large-scale test of the ability to tag neutrons and thus distinguish low energy electron neutrinos and antineutrinos. This would make WATCHMAN the only detector capable of providing both direction and flavor identification of supernova neutrinos. It would also be the third largest supernova detector, and the largest underground in the western hemisphere. In a follow-on phase incorporating the IsoDAR neutrino beam, the detector would have world-class sensitivity to sterile neutrino signatures and to non-standard electroweak interactions (NSI). WATCHMAN will also be a major, U.S. based integration platform for a host of technologies relevant for the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and other future large detectors. This white paper describes the WATCHMAN conceptual design,and presents the results of detailed simulations of sensitivity for the project's nonproliferation and physics goals. It also describes the advanced technologies to be used in WATCHMAN, including high quantum efficiency photomultipliers, Water-Based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS), picosecond light sensors such as the Large Area Picosecond Photo Detector (LAPPD), and advanced pattern recognition and particle identification methods., Comment: 35 pages, 9 figures

Published
2015

21. Design of a transportable high efficiency fast neutron spectrometer

Author

Roecker, C, Bernstein, A, Bowden, NS, Cabrera-Palmer, B, Dazeley, S, Gerling, M, Marleau, P, Sweany, MD, and Vetter, K

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Fast neutron spectroscopy, Neutron multiplicity, Capture-gating, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

A transportable fast neutron detection system has been designed and constructed for measuring neutron energy spectra and flux ranging from tens to hundreds of MeV. The transportability of the spectrometer reduces the detector-related systematic bias between different neutron spectra and flux measurements, which allows for the comparison of measurements above or below ground. The spectrometer will measure neutron fluxes that are of prohibitively low intensity compared to the site-specific background rates targeted by other transportable fast neutron detection systems. To measure low intensity high-energy neutron fluxes, a conventional capture-gating technique is used for measuring neutron energies above 20 MeV and a novel multiplicity technique is used for measuring neutron energies above 100 MeV. The spectrometer is composed of two Gd containing plastic scintillator detectors arranged around a lead spallation target. To calibrate and characterize the position dependent response of the spectrometer, a Monte Carlo model was developed and used in conjunction with experimental data from gamma ray sources. Multiplicity event identification algorithms were developed and used with a Cf-252 neutron multiplicity source to validate the Monte Carlo model Gd concentration and secondary neutron capture efficiency. The validated Monte Carlo model was used to predict an effective area for the multiplicity and capture gating analyses. For incident neutron energies between 100 MeV and 1000 MeV with an isotropic angular distribution, the multiplicity analysis predicted an effective area of 500 cm2 rising to 5000 cm2. For neutron energies above 20 MeV, the capture-gating analysis predicted an effective area between 1800 cm2 and 2500 cm2. The multiplicity mode was found to be sensitive to the incident neutron angular distribution.

Published
2016

23. Planning the Future of U.S. Particle Physics (Snowmass 2013): Chapter 8: Instrumentation Frontier

Author

Demarteau, M., Lipton, R., Nicholson, H., Shipsey, I., Akerib, D., Albayrak-Yetkin, A., Alexander, J., Anderson, J., Artuso, M., Asner, D., Ball, R., Battaglia, M., Bebek, C., Beene, J., Benhammou, Y., Bentefour, E., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bilki, B., Blucher, E., Bolla, G., Bortoletto, D., Bowden, N., Brooijmans, G., Byrum, K., Cabrera, B., Cancelo, G., Carlstrom, J., Casey, B., Chang, C., Chapman, J., Chen, C. H., Childres, I., Christian, D., Convery, M., Corso, W. Cooper J., Cumalat, J., Cushman, P., Da Via, C., Dazeley, S., Debbins, P., Deptuch, G., Dhawan, S., Di Benedetto, V., DiGiovene, B., Djurcic, Z., Dye, S., Elagin, A., Estrada, J., Evans, H., Etzion, E., Fast, J., Ferretti, C., Fisher, P., Fleming, B., Francis, K., Friedman, P., Frisch, H., Garcia-Sciveres, M., Gatto, C., Geronim, G., Gilchriese, G., Golwala, S., Grant, C., Grillo, A., Grünendahl, E., Gorham, P., Guan, L., Gutierrez, G., Haber, C., Hall, J., Haller, G., Hast, C., Heintz, U., Hemmick, T., Hitlin, D. G., Hogan, C., Hohlmann, M., Hoppe, E., Hsu, L., Huffer, M., Irwin, K., Izraelevitch, F., Jennings, G., Johnson, M., Jung, A., Kagan, H., Kenney, C., Kettell, S., Khanna, R., Khristenko, V., Krennrich, F., Kuehn, K., Kutschke, R., Learned, J., Lee, A. T., Levin, D., Liu, T., Liu, A. T. K., Lissauer, D., Love, J., Lynn, D., MacFarlane, D., Magill, S., Majewski, S., Mans, J., Maricic, J., Marleau, P., Mazzacane, A., McKinsey, D., Mehl, J., Mestvirisvilli, A., Meyer, S., Mokhov, N., Moshe, M., Mukherjee, A., Murat, P., Nahn, S., Narain, M., Nadel-Turonski, P., Newcomer, M., Nishimura, K., Nygren, D., Oberla, E., Onel, Y., Oreglia, M., Orrell, J., Paley, J., Para, A., Parker, S., Polychronakos, V., Pordes, S., Privitera, P., Prosser, A., Pyle, M., Raaf, J., Ramberg, E., Rameika, R., Rebel, B., Repond, J., Reyna, D., Ristori, L., Rivera, R., Ronzhin, A., Rusack, R., Russ, J., Ryd, A., Sadrozinski, H., Sahoo, H., Sanchez, M. C., Sanzeni, C., Schnetzer, S., Seidel, S., Seiden, A., Schmidt, I., Shenai, A., Shutt, T., Silver, Y., Smith, W., Snowden-Ifft, D., Sonnenschein, A., Southwick, D., Spiegel, L., Stanitzki, M., Striganov, S., Su, D., Sumner, R., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Talaga, R., Tayloe, R., Tentindo, S., Terentiev, N., Thom-Levy, J., Thorn, C., Tiffenberg, J., Trischuk, W., Tschirhart, R., Turner, M., Underwood, D., Uplegger, L., Urheim, J., Vagins, M., Van Bibber, K., Varner, G., Varner, R., Va'vra, J., Von der Lippe, H., Wagner, R., Wagner, S., Weaverdyck, C., Wenzel, H., Weinstein, A., Wetstein, M., White, A., Wigman, R., Wilson, P., Winn, D., Winter, P., Woody, C., Xia, L., Xie, J. Q., Ye, Z., Yeh, M. F., Yetkin, T., Yoo, J. H., Yu, J., Yu, J. M., Zeller, S., Zhang, J. L., Zhu, J. J., Zhou, B., Zhu, R. Y., and Zitzer, B.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

These reports present the results of the 2013 Community Summer Study of the APS Division of Particles and Fields ("Snowmass 2013") on the future program of particle physics in the U.S. Chapter 8, on the Instrumentation Frontier, discusses the instrumentation needs of future experiments in the Energy, Intensity, and Cosmic Frontiers, promising new technologies for particle physics research, and issues of gathering resources for long-term research in this area., Comment: 50 pages

Published
2014

24. Laboratory Studies on the Removal of Radon-Born Lead from KamLAND's Organic Liquid Scintillator

Author

Keefer, G., Grant, C., Piepke, A., Ebihara, T., Ikeda, H., Kishimoto, Y., Kibe, Y., Koseki, Y., Ogawa, M., Shirai, J., Takeuchi, S., Mauger, C., Zhang, C., Schweitzer, G., Berger, B. E., Dazeley, S., Decowski, M. P., Detwiler, J. A., Djurcic, Z., Dwyer, D. A., Efremenko, Y., Enomoto, S., Freedman, S. J., Fujikawa, B. K., Furuno, K., Gando, A., Gando, Y., Gratta, G., Hatakeyama, S., Heeger, K. M., Hsu, L., Ichimura, K., Inoue, K., Iwamoto, T., Kamyshkov, Y., Karwowski, H. J., Koga, M., Kozlov, A., Lane, C. E., Learned, J. G., Maricic, J., Marko, D. M., Matsuno, S., McKee, D., McKeown, R. D., Miletic, T., Mitsui, T., Motoki, M., Nakajima, K., Nakamura, K., O'Donnell, T., Ogawa, H., Piquemal, F., Ricol, J. -S., Shimizu, I., Suekane, F., Suzuki, A., Svoboda, R., Tajima, O., Takemoto, Y., Tamae, K., Tolich, K., Tornow, W., Watanabe, Hideki, Watanabe, Hiroko, Winslow, L. A., and Yoshida, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The removal of radioactivity from liquid scintillator has been studied in preparation of a low background phase of KamLAND. This paper describes the methods and techniques developed to measure and efficiently extract radon decay products from liquid scintillator. We report the radio-isotope reduction factors obtained when applying various extraction methods. During this study, distillation was identified as the most efficient method for removing radon daughters from liquid scintillator.

Published
2013

25. Search for the proton decay mode with KamLAND

Author

Asakura, K., Gando, A., Gando, Y., Hachiya, T., Hayashida, S., Ikeda, H., Inoue, K., Ishidoshiro, K., Ishikawa, T., Ishio, S., Koga, M., Matsuda, R., Matsuda, S., Mitsui, T., Motoki, D., Nakamura, K., Obara, S., Oki, Y., Oura, T., Shimizu, I., Shirahata, Y., Shirai, J., Suzuki, A., Tachibana, H., Tamae, K., Ueshima, K., Watanabe, H., Xu, B. D., Yamauchi, Y., Yoshida, H., Kozlov, A., Takemoto, Y., Yoshida, S., Fushimi, K., Grant, C., Piepke, A., Banks, T. I., Berger, B. E., Freedman, S. J., Fujikawa, B. K., O’Donnell, T., Learned, J. G., Maricic, J., Sakai, M., Dazeley, S., Svoboda, R., Winslow, L. A., Efremenko, Y., Karwowski, H. J., Markoff, D. M., Tornow, W., Detwiler, J. A., Enomoto, S., and Decowski, M. P.

Published
2015

26. Search for n-n ¯ oscillation in Super-Kamiokande SEARCH FOR n-n ¯ OSCILLATION IN SUPER-⋯ K. ABE et al.

Author

Abe, K, Hayato, Y, Iida, T, Ishihara, K, Kameda, J, Koshio, Y, Minamino, A, Mitsuda, C, Miura, M, Moriyama, S, Nakahata, M, Obayashi, Y, Ogawa, H, Sekiya, H, Shiozawa, M, Suzuki, Y, Takeda, A, Takeuchi, Y, Ueshima, K, Watanabe, H, Higuchi, I, Ishihara, C, Ishitsuka, M, Kajita, T, Kaneyuki, K, Mitsuka, G, Nakayama, S, Nishino, H, Okumura, K, Saji, C, Takenaga, Y, Clark, S, Desai, S, Dufour, F, Herfurth, A, Kearns, E, Likhoded, S, Litos, M, Raaf, JL, Stone, JL, Sulak, LR, Wang, W, Goldhaber, M, Casper, D, Cravens, JP, Dunmore, J, Griskevich, J, Kropp, WR, Liu, DW, Mine, S, Regis, C, Smy, MB, Sobel, HW, Vagins, MR, Ganezer, KS, Hartfiel, B, Hill, J, Keig, WE, Jang, JS, Jeoung, IS, Kim, JY, Lim, IT, Scholberg, K, Tanimoto, N, Walter, CW, Wendell, R, Ellsworth, RW, Tasaka, S, Guillian, G, Learned, JG, Matsuno, S, Messier, MD, Ichikawa, AK, Ishida, T, Ishii, T, Iwashita, T, Kobayashi, T, Nakadaira, T, Nakamura, K, Nishikawa, K, Nitta, K, Oyama, Y, Suzuki, AT, Hasegawa, M, Maesaka, H, Nakaya, T, Sasaki, T, Sato, H, Tanaka, H, Yamamoto, S, Yokoyama, M, Haines, TJ, Dazeley, S, Hatakeyama, S, Svoboda, R, Sullivan, GW, Gran, R, Habig, A, Fukuda, Y, and Itow, Y

Subjects
hep-ex, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

A search for neutron-antineutron (n-n¯) oscillation was undertaken in Super-Kamiokande using the 1489 live-day or 2.45×1034 neutron-year exposure data. This process violates both baryon and baryon minus lepton numbers by an absolute value of two units and is predicted by a large class of hypothetical models where the seesaw mechanism is incorporated to explain the observed tiny neutrino masses and the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. No evidence for n-n¯ oscillation was found; the lower limit of the lifetime for neutrons bound in O16, in an analysis that included all of the significant sources of experimental uncertainties, was determined to be 1.9×1032years at the 90% confidence level. The corresponding lower limit for the oscillation time of free neutrons was calculated to be 2.7×108s using a theoretical value of the nuclear suppression factor of 0.517×1023s-1 and its uncertainty.

Published
2015

27. Search for n−n¯ oscillation in Super-Kamiokande

Author

Abe, K, Hayato, Y, Iida, T, Ishihara, K, Kameda, J, Koshio, Y, Minamino, A, Mitsuda, C, Miura, M, Moriyama, S, Nakahata, M, Obayashi, Y, Ogawa, H, Sekiya, H, Shiozawa, M, Suzuki, Y, Takeda, A, Takeuchi, Y, Ueshima, K, Watanabe, H, Higuchi, I, Ishihara, C, Ishitsuka, M, Kajita, T, Kaneyuki, K, Mitsuka, G, Nakayama, S, Nishino, H, Okumura, K, Saji, C, Takenaga, Y, Clark, S, Desai, S, Dufour, F, Herfurth, A, Kearns, E, Likhoded, S, Litos, M, Raaf, JL, Stone, JL, Sulak, LR, Wang, W, Goldhaber, M, Casper, D, Cravens, JP, Dunmore, J, Griskevich, J, Kropp, WR, Liu, DW, Mine, S, Regis, C, Smy, MB, Sobel, HW, Vagins, MR, Ganezer, KS, Hartfiel, B, Hill, J, Keig, WE, Jang, JS, Jeoung, IS, Kim, JY, Lim, IT, Scholberg, K, Tanimoto, N, Walter, CW, Wendell, R, Ellsworth, RW, Tasaka, S, Guillian, G, Learned, JG, Matsuno, S, Messier, MD, Ichikawa, AK, Ishida, T, Ishii, T, Iwashita, T, Kobayashi, T, Nakadaira, T, Nakamura, K, Nishikawa, K, Nitta, K, Oyama, Y, Suzuki, AT, Hasegawa, M, Maesaka, H, Nakaya, T, Sasaki, T, Sato, H, Tanaka, H, Yamamoto, S, Yokoyama, M, Haines, TJ, Dazeley, S, Hatakeyama, S, Svoboda, R, Sullivan, GW, Gran, R, Habig, A, Fukuda, Y, and Itow, Y

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, hep-ex, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical physics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

A search for neutron-antineutron (n-n¯) oscillation was undertaken in Super-Kamiokande using the 1489 live-day or 2.45×1034 neutron-year exposure data. This process violates both baryon and baryon minus lepton numbers by an absolute value of two units and is predicted by a large class of hypothetical models where the seesaw mechanism is incorporated to explain the observed tiny neutrino masses and the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. No evidence for n-n¯ oscillation was found; the lower limit of the lifetime for neutrons bound in O16, in an analysis that included all of the significant sources of experimental uncertainties, was determined to be 1.9×1032years at the 90% confidence level. The corresponding lower limit for the oscillation time of free neutrons was calculated to be 2.7×108s using a theoretical value of the nuclear suppression factor of 0.517×1023s-1 and its uncertainty.

Published
2015

28. First results from the LUX dark matter experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility

Author

LUX Collaboration, Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bailey, A. J., Balajthy, J., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Chan, C., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A. A., Chiller, C., Clark, K., Coffey, T., Currie, A., Curioni, A., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dobson, J., Dragowsky, E. M., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Flores, C., Gaitskell, R. J., Gehman, V. M., Ghag, C., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M. G. D., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Hertel, S. A., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Kyre, S., Lander, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morad, J., Morii, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Nehrkorn, C., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Ott, R. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Sofka, C. J., Solovov, V. N., Sorensen, P., Stiegler, T., O`Sullivan, K., Sumner, T. J., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Tennyson, B., Tiedt, D. R., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., White, D., Witherell, M. S., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment, a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota), was cooled and filled in February 2013. We report results of the first WIMP search dataset, taken during the period April to August 2013, presenting the analysis of 85.3 live-days of data with a fiducial volume of 118 kg. A profile-likelihood analysis technique shows our data to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis, allowing 90% confidence limits to be set on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a minimum upper limit on the cross section of $7.6 \times 10^{-46}$ cm$^{2}$ at a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c$^2$. We find that the LUX data are in strong disagreement with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of the results from several recent direct detection experiments., Comment: Accepted by Phys. Rev. Lett. Appendix A included as supplementary material with PRL article

Published
2013
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29. First Measurement of \theta_13 from Delayed Neutron Capture on Hydrogen in the Double Chooz Experiment

Author

Double Chooz Collaboration, Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Anjos, J. C. dos, Barriere, J. C., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukhov, L., Blucher, E., Bowden, N. S., Buck, C., Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Caden, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. -J., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Crum, K., Cucoanes, A., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Ebert, J., Efremenko, Y., Elnimr, M., Erickson, A., Etenko, A., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., von Feilitzsch, F., Felde, J., Fernandes, S. M., Fischer, V., Franco, D., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Gama, R., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Göger-Neff, M., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodenough, L., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J. TM., Greiner, D., Haag, N., Habib, S., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hayakawa, T., Hofmann, M., Horton-Smith, G. A., Hourlier, A., Ishitsuka, M., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Jones, C. L., Kaether, F., Kalousis, L. N., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Kawasaki, T., Keefer, G., Kemp, E., de Kerret, H., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Langbrandtner, C., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., López-Castaño, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Lucht, S., McKee, D., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Meyer, M., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Miyata, H., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Novella, P., Obolensky, M., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Osborn, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Potzel, W., Pronost, G., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Remoto, A., Röhling, M., Roncin, R., Roth, S., Rybolt, B., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Schwetz, T., Shaevitz, M. H., Shimojima, S., Shrestha, D., Sida, J-L., Sinev, V., Skorokhvatov, M., Smith, E., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Stokes, L. F. F., Strait, M., Stüken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Svoboda, R., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toups, M., Thi, H. H. Trinh, Valdiviesso, G., Veyssiere, C., Wagner, S., Watanabe, H., White, B., Wiebusch, C., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Yermia, F., and Zimmer, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Double Chooz experiment has determined the value of the neutrino oscillation parameter $\theta_{13}$ from an analysis of inverse beta decay interactions with neutron capture on hydrogen. This analysis uses a three times larger fiducial volume than the standard Double Chooz assessment, which is restricted to a region doped with gadolinium (Gd), yielding an exposure of 113.1 GW-ton-years. The data sample used in this analysis is distinct from that of the Gd analysis, and the systematic uncertainties are also largely independent, with some exceptions, such as the reactor neutrino flux prediction. A combined rate- and energy-dependent fit finds $\sin^2 2\theta_{13}=0.097\pm 0.034(stat.) \pm 0.034 (syst.)$, excluding the no-oscillation hypothesis at 2.0 \sigma. This result is consistent with previous measurements of $\sin^2 2\theta_{13}$., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures; published version

Published
2013
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30. The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) Experiment

Author

Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Byram, D., Cahn, S. B., Camp, C., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Chiller, A., Chiller, C., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Curioni, A., Dahl, E., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dobi, A., Dragowsky, E., Druszkiewicz, E., Edwards, B., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Gilchriese, M., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Knoche, R., Kyre, S., Kwong, J., Lander, R., Larsen, N. A., Lee, C., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., Marquez, Z., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Moongweluwan, M., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Pease, E. K., Pech, K., Phelps, P., Rodionov, A., Roberts, P., Shei, A., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Solovov, V. N., Sofka, C. J., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Stolp, D., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Taylor, D., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Uvarov, S., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, D., White, J. T., Whitis, T. J., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) collaboration has designed and constructed a dual-phase xenon detector, in order to conduct a search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles(WIMPs), a leading dark matter candidate. The goal of the LUX detector is to clearly detect (or exclude) WIMPS with a spin independent cross section per nucleon of $2\times 10^{-46}$ cm$^{2}$, equivalent to $\sim$1 event/100 kg/month in the inner 100-kg fiducial volume (FV) of the 370-kg detector. The overall background goals are set to have $<$1 background events characterized as possible WIMPs in the FV in 300 days of running. This paper describes the design and construction of the LUX detector., Comment: 50 pages, 16 figures

Published
2012
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31. Direct Measurement of Backgrounds using Reactor-Off Data in Double Chooz

Author

Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Anjos, J. C. dos, Barriere, J. C., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukhov, L., Blucher, E., Bowden, N. S., Buck, C., Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Caden, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. -J., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M., Crespo-Anadon, J. I., Crum, K., Cucoanes, A., D'Agostino, M. V., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Ebert, J., Efremenko, Y., Elnimr, M., Erickson, A., Etenko, A., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., von Feilitzsch, F., Felde, J., Fernandes, S. M., Fischer, V., Franco, D., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Gama, R., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Göger-Neff, M., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodenough, L., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J. TM., Greiner, D., Haag, N., Habib, S., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hayakawa, T., Hofmann, M., Horton-Smith, G. A., Hourlier, A., Ishitsuka, M., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Jones, C. L., Kaether, F., Kalousis, L. N., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Kawasaki, T., Keefer, G., Kemp, E., de Kerret, H., Kibe, Y., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Langbrandtner, C., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., Lopez-Castano, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Lucht, S., McKee, D., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Meyer, M., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Miyata, H., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Novella, P., Obolensky, M., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Osborn, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Potzel, W., Pronost, G., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Remoto, A., Röhling, M., Roncin, R., Roth, S., Rybolt, B., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Schwetz, T., Shaevitz, M. H., Shimojima, S., Shrestha, D., Sida, J-L., Sinev, V., Skorokhvatov, M., Smith, E., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Stokes, L. F. F., Strait, M., Stüken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Svoboda, R., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toups, M., Thi, H. H. Trinh, Valdiviesso, G., Veyssiere, C., Wagner, S., Watanabe, H., White, B., Wiebusch, C., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Yermia, F., and Zimmer, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Double Chooz is unique among modern reactor-based neutrino experiments studying $\bar \nu_e$ disappearance in that data can be collected with all reactors off. In this paper, we present data from 7.53 days of reactor-off running. Applying the same selection criteria as used in the Double Chooz reactor-on oscillation analysis, a measured background rate of 1.0$\pm$0.4 events/day is obtained. The background model for accidentals, cosmogenic $\beta$-$n$-emitting isotopes, fast neutrons from cosmic muons, and stopped-$\mu$ decays used in the oscillation analysis is demonstrated to be correct within the uncertainties. Kinematic distributions of the events, which are dominantly cosmic-ray-produced correlated-background events, are provided. The background rates are scaled to the shielding depths of two other reactor-based oscillation experiments, Daya Bay and RENO., Comment: V2 has corrections to affiliations

Published
2012
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32. First Test of Lorentz Violation with a Reactor-based Antineutrino Experiment

Author

Double Chooz Collaboration, Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Anjos, J. C. dos, Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukhov, L., Blucher, E., Bowden, N. S., Buck, C., Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Caden, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. -J., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Crum, K., Cucoanes, A., D'Agostino, M. V., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Ebert, J., Efremenko, Y., Elnimr, M., Erickson, A., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., von Feilitzsch, F., Felde, J., Fischer, V., Franco, D., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Gama, R., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Göger-Neff, M., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J. TM., Greiner, D., Haag, N., Habib, S., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hayakawa, T., Hofmann, M., Horton-Smith, G. A., Ishitsuka, M., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Jones, C. L., Kaether, F., Kalousis, L. N., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Katori, T., Kawasaki, T., Keefer, G., Kemp, E., de Kerret, H., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., López-Castaño, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Lucht, S., McKee, D., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Meyer, M., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Miyata, H., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Novella, P., Obolensky, M., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Osborn, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Potzel, W., Pronost, G., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Remoto, A., Röhling, M., Roncin, R., Roth, S., Rybolt, B., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Schwetz, T., Shaevitz, M. H., Shrestha, D., Sida, J. -L., Sinev, V., Skorokhvatov, M., Smith, E., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Stokes, L. F. F., Strait, M., Stüken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toups, M., Thi, H. H. Trinh, Valdiviesso, G., Veyssiere, C., Wagner, S., Watanabe, H., White, B., Wiebusch, C., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Yanovitch, E., Yermia, F., and Zimmer, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present a search for Lorentz violation with 8249 candidate electron antineutrino events taken by the Double Chooz experiment in 227.9 live days of running. This analysis, featuring a search for a sidereal time dependence of the events, is the first test of Lorentz invariance using a reactor-based antineutrino source. No sidereal variation is present in the data and the disappearance results are consistent with sidereal time independent oscillations. Under the Standard-Model Extension (SME), we set the first limits on fourteen Lorentz violating coefficients associated with transitions between electron and tau flavor, and set two competitive limits associated with transitions between electron and muon flavor., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures; (new version after referee's comments)

Published
2012
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33. Reactor electron antineutrino disappearance in the Double Chooz experiment

Author

Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Anjos, J. C. dos, Barriere, J. C., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukhov, L., Blucher, E., Bowden, N. S., Buck, C., Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Caden, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. -J., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Crum, K., Cucoanes, A., D'Agostino, M. V., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Ebert, J., Efremenko, Y., Elnimr, M., Etenko, A., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., von Feilitzsch, F., Felde, J., Franco, D., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Gama, R., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Goger-Neff, M., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J. TM., Greiner, D., Haag, N., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hayakawa, T., Hofmann, M., Horton-Smith, G. A., Hourlier, A., Ishitsuka, M., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Jones, C. L., Kaether, F., Kalousis, L. N., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Kawasaki, T., Keefer, G., Kemp, E., de Kerret, H., Kibe, Y., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Langbrandtner, C., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., López-Castanõ, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Lucht, S., McKee, D., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Miyata, H., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Novella, P., Obolensky, M., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Osborn, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Potzel, W., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Remoto, A., Rohling, M., Roncin, R., Roth, S., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schonert, S., Schoppmann, S., Schwetz, T., Shaevitz, M. H., Shimojima, S., Shrestha, D., Sida, J. -L., Sinev, V., Skorokhvatov, M., Smith, E., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Stokes, L. F. F., Strait, M., Stuken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Svoboda, R., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toups, M., Thi, H. H. Trinh, Valdiviesso, G., Veyssiere, C., Wagner, S., Watanabe, H., White, B., Wiebusch, C., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Yermia, F., and Zimmer, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Double Chooz experiment has observed 8,249 candidate electron antineutrino events in 227.93 live days with 33.71 GW-ton-years (reactor power x detector mass x livetime) exposure using a 10.3 cubic meter fiducial volume detector located at 1050 m from the reactor cores of the Chooz nuclear power plant in France. The expectation in case of theta13 = 0 is 8,937 events. The deficit is interpreted as evidence of electron antineutrino disappearance. From a rate plus spectral shape analysis we find sin^2 2{\theta}13 = 0.109 \pm 0.030(stat) \pm 0.025(syst). The data exclude the no-oscillation hypothesis at 99.8% CL (2.9{\sigma})., Comment: Modified for PRD referees

Published
2012
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34. The LUX Prototype Detector: Heat Exchanger Development

Author

Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Cahn, S., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Clark, K., Classen, T., Curioni, A., Dahl, C. E., Dazeley, S., deViveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Hall, C., Faham, C., Holbrook, B., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Kwong, J., Lander, R., Leonard, D., Malling, D., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D., Mock, J., Morii, M., Nikkel, J., Phelps, P., Shutt, T., Skulski, W., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Steigler, T., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The LUX (Large Underground Xenon) detector is a two-phase xenon Time Projection Chamber (TPC) designed to search for WIMP-nucleon dark matter interactions. As with all noble element detectors, continuous purification of the detector medium is essential to produce a large ($>$1ms) electron lifetime; this is necessary for efficient measurement of the electron signal which in turn is essential for achieving robust discrimination of signal from background events. In this paper we describe the development of a novel purification system deployed in a prototype detector. The results from the operation of this prototype indicated heat exchange with an efficiency above 94% up to a flow rate of 42 slpm, allowing for an electron drift length greater than 1 meter to be achieved in approximately two days and sustained for the duration of the testing period., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures

Published
2012
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35. A Note on Neutron Capture Correlation Signals, Backgrounds, and Efficiencies

Author

Bowden, N. S., Sweany, M., and Dazeley, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A wide variety of detection applications exploit the timing correlations that result from the slowing and eventual capture of neutrons. These include capture-gated neutron spectrometry, multiple neutron counting for fissile material detection and identification, and antineutrino detection. There are several distinct processes that result in correlated signals in these applications. Depending on the application, one class of correlated events can be a background that is difficult to distinguish from the class that is of interest. Furthermore, the correlation timing distribution depends on the neutron capture agent and detector geometry. Here, we explain the important characteristics of the neutron capture timing distribution, making reference to simulations and data from a number of detectors currently in use or under development. We point out several features that may assist in background discrimination, and that must be carefully accounted for if accurate detection efficiencies are to be quoted., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures; Submitted to Nuclear Instrument and Methods A

Published
2012
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36. Indication for the disappearance of reactor electron antineutrinos in the Double Chooz experiment

Author

Abe, Y., Aberle, C., Akiri, T., Anjos, J. C. dos, Ardellier, F., Barbosa, A. F., Baxter, A., Bergevin, M., Bernstein, A., Bezerra, T. J. C., Bezrukhov, L., Blucher, E., Bongrand, M., Bowden, N. S., Buck, C., Busenitz, J., Cabrera, A., Caden, E., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Cerrada, M., Chang, P. -J., Chimenti, P., Classen, T., Collin, A. P., Conover, E., Conrad, J. M., Cormon, S., Crespo-Anadón, J. I., Cribier, M., Crum, K., Cucoanes, A., D'Agostino, M. V., Damon, E., Dawson, J. V., Dazeley, S., Dierckxsens, M., Dietrich, D., Djurcic, Z., Dracos, M., Durand, V., Efremenko, Y., Elnimr, M., Endo, Y., Etenko, A., Falk, E., Fallot, M., Fechner, M., von Feilitzsch, F., Felde, J., Fernandes, S. M., Franco, D., Franke, A. J., Franke, M., Furuta, H., Gama, R., Gil-Botella, I., Giot, L., Göger-Neff, M., Gonzalez, L. F. G., Goodman, M. C., Goon, J. TM., Greiner, D., Guillon, B., Haag, N., Hagner, C., Hara, T., Hartmann, F. X., Hartnell, J., Haruna, T., Haser, J., Hatzikoutelis, A., Hayakawa, T., Hofmann, M., Horton-Smith, G. A., Ishitsuka, M., Jochum, J., Jollet, C., Jones, C. L., Kaether, F., Kalousis, L., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Kawasaki, T., Keefer, G., Kemp, E., de Kerret, H., Kibe, Y., Konno, T., Kryn, D., Kuze, M., Lachenmaier, T., Lane, C. E., Langbrandtner, C., Lasserre, T., Letourneau, A., Lhuillier, D., Lima Jr, H. P., Lindner, M., Liu, Y., López-Castanõ, J. M., LoSecco, J. M., Lubsandorzhiev, B. K., Lucht, S., McKee, D., Maeda, J., Maesano, C. N., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martino, J., Matsubara, T., Mention, G., Meregaglia, A., Miletic, T., Milincic, R., Milzstajn, A., Miyata, H., Motta, D., Mueller, Th. A., Nagasaka, Y., Nakajima, K., Novella, P., Obolensky, M., Oberauer, L., Onillon, A., Osborn, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Palomares, C., Peeters, S. J. M., Pepe, I. M., Perasso, S., Perrin, P., Pfahler, P., Porta, A., Potzel, W., Queval, R., Reichenbacher, J., Reinhold, B., Remoto, A., Reyna, D., Röhling, M., Roth, S., Rubin, H. A., Sakamoto, Y., Santorelli, R., Sato, F., Schönert, S., Schoppmann, S., Schwan, U., Schwetz, T., Shaevitz, M. H., Shrestha, D., Sida, J-L., Sinev, V., Skorokhvatov, M., Smith, E., Spitz, J., Stahl, A., Stancu, I., Strait, M., Stüken, A., Suekane, F., Sukhotin, S., Sumiyoshi, T., Sun, Y., Sun, Z., Svoboda, R., Tabata, H., Tamura, N., Terao, K., Tonazzo, A., Toups, M., Thi, H. H. Trinh, Veyssiere, C., Wagner, S., Watanabe, H., White, B., Wiebusch, C., Winslow, L., Worcester, M., Wurm, M., Yanovitch, E., Yermia, F., Zbiri, K., and Zimmer, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Double Chooz Experiment presents an indication of reactor electron antineutrino disappearance consistent with neutrino oscillations. A ratio of 0.944 $\pm$ 0.016 (stat) $\pm$ 0.040 (syst) observed to predicted events was obtained in 101 days of running at the Chooz Nuclear Power Plant in France, with two 4.25 GW$_{th}$ reactors. The results were obtained from a single 10 m$^3$ fiducial volume detector located 1050 m from the two reactor cores. The reactor antineutrino flux prediction used the Bugey4 measurement as an anchor point. The deficit can be interpreted as an indication of a non-zero value of the still unmeasured neutrino mixing parameter \sang. Analyzing both the rate of the prompt positrons and their energy spectrum we find \sang = 0.086 $\pm$ 0.041 (stat) $\pm$ 0.030 (syst), or, at 90% CL, 0.015 $<$ \sang $\ <$ 0.16., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, (new version after PRL referee's comments)

Published
2011
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37. Radio-assay of Titanium samples for the LUX Experiment

Author

Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Chan, Y-D., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Dazeley, S., deViveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Lander, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Leonard, D., Lesko, K., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D., Mei, D., Mock, J., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Phelps, P., Shutt, T., Skulski, W., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Svoboda, R., Smith, A., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., Uvarov, S., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We report on the screening of samples of titanium metal for their radio-purity. The screening process described in this work led to the selection of materials used in the construction of the cryostats for the Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter experiment. Our measurements establish titanium as a highly desirable material for low background experiments searching for rare events. The sample with the lowest total long-lived activity was measured to contain <0.25 mBq/kg of U-238, <0.2 mBq/kg of Th-232, and <1.2 mBq/kg of K-40. Measurements of several samples also indicated the presence of short-lived (84 day half life) Sc-46, likely produced cosmogenically via muon initiated (n,p) reactions., Comment: The LUX Collaboration

Published
2011

38. LUXSim: A Component-Centric Approach to Low-Background Simulations

Author

Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Lander, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Leonard, D., Lesko, K., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M, Mock, J., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Parker, P. D., Phelps, P., Shutt, T., Skulski, W., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Geant4 has been used throughout the nuclear and high-energy physics community to simulate energy depositions in various detectors and materials. These simulations have mostly been run with a source beam outside the detector. In the case of low-background physics, however, a primary concern is the effect on the detector from radioactivity inherent in the detector parts themselves. From this standpoint, there is no single source or beam, but rather a collection of sources with potentially complicated spatial extent. LUXSim is a simulation framework used by the LUX collaboration that takes a component-centric approach to event generation and recording. A new set of classes allows for multiple radioactive sources to be set within any number of components at run time, with the entire collection of sources handled within a single simulation run. Various levels of information can also be recorded from the individual components, with these record levels also being set at runtime. This flexibility in both source generation and information recording is possible without the need to recompile, reducing the complexity of code management and the proliferation of versions. Within the code itself, casting geometry objects within this new set of classes rather than as the default Geant4 classes automatically extends this flexibility to every individual component. No additional work is required on the part of the developer, reducing development time and increasing confidence in the results. We describe the guiding principles behind LUXSim, detail some of its unique classes and methods, and give examples of usage. * Corresponding author, kareem@llnl.gov, Comment: 45 pages, 15 figures

Published
2011
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39. The 2010 Interim Report of the Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment Collaboration Physics Working Groups

Author

The LBNE Collaboration, Akiri, T., Allspach, D., Andrews, M., Arisaka, K., Arrieta-Diaz, E., Artuso, M., Bai, X., Balantekin, B., Baller, B., Barletta, W., Barr, G., Bass, M., Beck, A., Becker, B., Bellini, V., Benhar, O., Berger, B., Bergevin, M., Berman, E., Berns, H., Bernstein, A., Beroz, F., Bhatnagar, V., Bhuyan, B., Bionta, R., Bishai, M., Blake, A., Blaufuss, E., Bleakley, B., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Boehnlein, D., Bolton, T., Brack, J., Bradford, R., Breedon, R., Bromberg, C., Brown, R., Buchanan, N., Camilleri, L., Campbell, M., Carr, R., Carminati, G., Chen, A., Chen, H., Cherdack, D., Chi, C., Childress, S., Choudhary, B., Church, E., Cline, D., Coleman, S., Corey, R., D'Agostino, M., Davies, G., Dazeley, S., De Jong, J., DeMaat, B., Demuth, D., Dighe, A., Djurcic, Z., Dolph, J., Drake, G., Drozhdin, A., Duan, H., Duyang, H., Dye, S., Dykhuis, T., Edmunds, D., Elliott, S., Enomoto, S., Escobar, C., Felde, J., Feyzi, F., Fleming, B., Fowler, J., Fox, W., Friedland, A., Fujikawa, B., Gallagher, H., Garilli, G., Garvey, G., Gehman, V., Geronimo, G., Gill, R., Goodman, M., Goon, J., Gorbunov, D., Gran, R., Guarino, V., Guarnaccia, E., Guenette, R., Gupta, P., Habig, A., Hackenberg, R., Hahn, A., Hahn, R., Haines, T., Hans, S., Harton, J., Hays, S., Hazen, E., He, Q., Heavey, A., Heeger, K., Hellauer, R., Himmel, A., Horton-Smith, G., Howell, J., Huber, P., Hurh, P., Huston, J., Hylen, J., Insler, J., Jaffe, D., James, C., Johnson, C., Johnson, M., Johnson, R., Johnson, W., Johnston, W., Johnstone, J., Jones, B., Jostlein, H., Junk, T., Junnarkar, S., Kadel, R., Kafka, T., Kaminski, D., Karagiorgi, G., Karle, A., Kaspar, J., Katori, T., Kayser, B., Kearns, E., Kettell, S., Khanam, F., Klein, J., Kneller, J., Koizumi, G., Kopp, J., Kopp, S., Kropp, W., Kudryavtsev, V., Kumar, A., Kumar, J., Kutter, T., Lackowski, T., Lande, K., Lane, C., Lang, K., Lanni, F., Lanza, R., Latorre, T., Learned, J., Lee, D., Lee, K., Li, Y., Linden, S., Ling, J., Link, J., Littenberg, L., Loiacono, L., Liu, T., Losecco, J., Louis, W., Lucas, P., Lunardini, C., Lundberg, B., Lundin, T., Makowiecki, D., Malys, S., Mandal, S., Mann, A., Mantsch, P., Marciano, W., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marino, A., Marshak, M., Maruyama, R., Mathews, J., Matsuno, S., Mauger, C., McCluskey, E., McDonald, K., McFarland, K., McKeown, R., McTaggart, R., Mehdiyev, R., Melnitchouk, W., Meng, Y., Mercurio, B., Messier, M., Metcalf, W., Milincic, R., Miller, W., Mills, G., Mishra, S., MoedSher, S., Mohapatra, D., Mokhov, N., Moore, C., Morfin, J., Morse, W., Moss, A., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Naples, D., Napolitano, J., Newcomer, M., Norris, B., Ouedraogo, S., Page, B., Pakvasa, S., Paley, J., Paolone, V., Papadimitriou, V., Parsa, Z., Partyka, K., Pavlovic, Z., Pearson, C., Perasso, S., Petti, R., Plunkett, R., Polly, C., Pordes, S., Potenza, R., Prakash, A., Prokofiev, O., Qian, X., Raaf, J., Radeka, V., Raghavan, R., Rameika, R., Rebel, B., Rescia, S., Reitzner, D., Richardson, M., Riesselman, K., Robinson, M., Rosen, M., Rosenfeld, C., Rucinski, R., Russo, T., Sahijpal, S., Salon, S., Samios, N., Sanchez, M., Schmitt, R., Schmitz, D., Schneps, J., Scholberg, K., Seibert, S., Sergiampietri, F., Shaevitz, M., Shanahan, P., Shaposhnikov, M., Sharma, R., Simos, N., Singh, V., Sinnis, G., Sippach, W., Skwarnicki, T., Smy, M., Sobel, H., Soderberg, M., Sondericker, J., Sondheim, W., Spitz, J., Spooner, N., Stancari, M., Stancu, I., Stewart, J., Stoler, P., Stone, J., Stone, S., Strait, J., Straszheim, T., Striganov, S., Sullivan, G., Svoboda, R., Szczerbinska, B., Szelc, A., Talaga, R., Tanaka, H., Tayloe, R., Taylor, D., Thomas, J., Thompson, L., Thomson, M., Thorn, C., Tian, X., Toki, W., Tolich, N., Tripathi, M., Trovato, M., Tseung, H., Tzanov, M., Urheim, J., Usman, S., Vagins, M., Van Berg, R., Van de Water, R., Varner, G., Vaziri, K., Velev, G., Viren, B., Wachala, T., Walter, C., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Warner, D., Webber, D., Weber, A., Wendell, R., Wendt, C., Wetstein, M., White, H., White, S., Whitehead, L., Willis, W., Wilson, R. J., Winslow, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zeller, G., Zhang, C., Zimmerman, E., and Zwaska, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In early 2010, the Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) science collaboration initiated a study to investigate the physics potential of the experiment with a broad set of different beam, near- and far-detector configurations. Nine initial topics were identified as scientific areas that motivate construction of a long-baseline neutrino experiment with a very large far detector. We summarize the scientific justification for each topic and the estimated performance for a set of far detector reference configurations. We report also on a study of optimized beam parameters and the physics capability of proposed Near Detector configurations. This document was presented to the collaboration in fall 2010 and updated with minor modifications in early 2011., Comment: Corresponding author R.J.Wilson (Bob.Wilson@colostate.edu); 113 pages, 90 figures

Published
2011

40. Study of wavelength-shifting chemicals for use in large-scale water Cherenkov detectors

Author

Sweany, M., Bernstein, A., Dazeley, S., Dunmore, J., Felde, J., Svoboda, R., and Tripathi, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Cherenkov detectors employ various methods to maximize light collection at the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). These generally involve the use of highly reflective materials lining the interior of the detector, reflective materials around the PMTs, or wavelength-shifting sheets around the PMTs. Recently, the use of water-soluble wavelength-shifters has been explored to increase the measurable light yield of Cherenkov radiation in water. These wave-shifting chemicals are capable of absorbing light in the ultravoilet and re-emitting the light in a range detectable by PMTs. Using a 250 L water Cherenkov detector, we have characterized the increase in light yield from three compounds in water: 4-Methylumbelliferone, Carbostyril-124, and Amino-G Salt. We report the gain in PMT response at a concentration of 1 ppm as: 1.88 $\pm$ 0.02 for 4-Methylumbelliferone, stable to within 0.5% over 50 days, 1.37 $\pm$ 0.03 for Carbostyril-124, and 1.20 $\pm$ 0.02 for Amino-G Salt. The response of 4-Methylumbelliferone was modeled, resulting in a simulated gain within 9% of the experimental gain at 1 ppm concentration. Finally, we report an increase in neutron detection performance of a large-scale (3.5 kL) gadolinium-doped water Cherenkov detector at a 4-Methylumbelliferone concentration of 1 ppm., Comment: 7 pages, 9 figures, Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods A

Published
2011
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41. After LUX: The LZ Program

Author

Malling, D. C., Akerib, D. S., Araujo, H. M., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Curioni, A., Currie, A., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Lander, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Leonard, D., Lesko, K., Lindote, A., Lopes, M. I., Lyashenko, A., Majewski, P., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D. -M., Mock, J., Morii, M., Murphy, A. St J., Nelson, H., Neves, F., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Phelps, P., Reichhart, L., Shutt, T., Silva, C., Skulski, W., Solovov, V., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Sumner, T. J., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The LZ program consists of two stages of direct dark matter searches using liquid Xe detectors. The first stage will be a 1.5-3 tonne detector, while the last stage will be a 20 tonne detector. Both devices will benefit tremendously from research and development performed for the LUX experiment, a 350 kg liquid Xe dark matter detector currently operating at the Sanford Underground Laboratory. In particular, the technology used for cryogenics and electrical feedthroughs, circulation and purification, low-background materials and shielding techniques, electronics, calibrations, and automated control and recovery systems are all directly scalable from LUX to the LZ detectors. Extensive searches for potential background sources have been performed, with an emphasis on previously undiscovered background sources that may have a significant impact on tonne-scale detectors. The LZ detectors will probe spin-independent interaction cross sections as low as 5E-49 cm2 for 100 GeV WIMPs, which represents the ultimate limit for dark matter detection with liquid xenon technology., Comment: Conference proceedings from APS DPF 2011. 9 pages, 6 figures

Published
2011

42. Search for n-nbar oscillation in Super-Kamiokande

Author

collaboration, Super-Kamiokande, Abe, K., Hayato, Y., Iida, T., Ishihara, K., Kameda, J., Koshio, Y., Minamino, A., Mitsuda, C., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakahata, M., Obayashi, Y., Ogawa, H., Sekiya, H., Shiozawa, M., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Ueshima, K., Watanabe, H., Higuchi, I., Ishihara, C., Ishitsuka, M., Kajita, T., Kaneyuki, K., Mitsuka, G., Nakayama, S., Nishino, H., Okumura, K., Saji, C., Takenaga, Y., Clark, S., Desai, S., Dufour, F., Herfurth, A., Kearns, E., Likhoded, S., Litos, M., Raaf, J. L., Stone, J. L., Sulak, L. R., Wang, W., Goldhaber, M., Casper, D., Cravens, J. P., Dunmore, J., Griskevich, J., Kropp, W. R., Liu, D. W., Mine, S., Regis, C., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Vagins, M. R., Ganezer, K. S., Hartfiel, B., Hill, J., Keig, W. E., Jang, J. S., Jeoung, I. S., Kim, J. Y., Lim, I. T., Scholberg, K., Tanimoto, N., Walter, C. W., Wendell, R., Ellsworth, R. W., Tasaka, S., Guillian, G., Learned, J. G., Matsuno, S., Messier, M. D., Ichikawa, A. K., Ishida, T., Ishii, T., Iwashita, T., Kobayashi, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Nishikawa, K., Nitta, K., Oyama, Y., Suzuki, A. T., Hasegawa, M., Maesaka, H., Nakaya, T., Sasaki, T., Sato, H., Tanaka, H., Yamamoto, S., Yokoyama, M., Haines, T. J., Dazeley, S., Hatakeyama, S., Svoboda, R., Sullivan, G. W., Gran, R., Habig, A., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Koike, T., Jung, C. K., Kato, T., Kobayashi, K., McGrew, C., Sarrat, A., Terri, R., Yanagisawa, C., Tamura, N., Ikeda, M., Sakuda, M., Kuno, Y., Yoshida, M., Kim, S. B., Yang, B. S., Ishizuka, T., Okazawa, H., Choi, Y., Seo, H. K., Gando, Y., Hasegawa, T., Inoue, K., Ishii, H., Nishijima, K., Ishino, H., Watanabe, Y., Koshiba, M., Totsuka, Y., Chen, S., Deng, Z., Liu, Y., Kielczewska, D., Berns, H. G., Shiraishi, K. K., Thrane, E., Washburn, K., and Wilkes, R. J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A search for neutron-antineutron ($n-\bar{n}$) oscillation was undertaken in Super-Kamiokande using the 1489 live-day or $2.45 \times 10^{34}$ neutron-year exposure data. This process violates both baryon and baryon minus lepton numbers by an absolute value of two units and is predicted by a large class of hypothetical models where the seesaw mechanism is incorporated to explain the observed tiny neutrino masses and the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. No evidence for $n-\bar{n}$ oscillation was found, the lower limit of the lifetime for neutrons bound in ${}^{16}$O, in an analysis that included all of the significant sources of experimental uncertainties, was determined to be $1.9 \times 10^{32}$~years at the 90\% confidence level. The corresponding lower limit for the oscillation time of free neutrons was calculated to be $2.7 \times 10^8$~s using a theoretical value of the nuclear suppression factor of $0.517 \times 10^{23}$~s$^{-1}$ and its uncertainty., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures

Published
2011
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43. Data Acquisition and Readout System for the LUX Dark Matter Experiment

Author

Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Curioni, A., Dazeley, S., deViveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Lander, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Leonard, D., Lesko, K., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D., Mock, J., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Phelps, P., Shutt, T., Skulski, W., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the LUX detector are processed by custom-built analog electronics which provide properly shaped signals for the trigger and data acquisition (DAQ) systems. The DAQ is comprised of commercial digitizers with firmware customized for the LUX experiment. Data acquisition systems in rare-event searches must accommodate high rate and large dynamic range during precision calibrations involving radioactive sources, while also delivering low threshold for maximum sensitivity. The LUX DAQ meets these challenges using real-time baseline sup- pression that allows for a maximum event acquisition rate in excess of 1.5 kHz with virtually no deadtime. This paper describes the LUX DAQ and the novel acquisition techniques employed in the LUX experiment.

Published
2011
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44. Large-scale Gadolinium-doped Water Cerenkov Detector for Non-Proliferation

Author

Sweany, M., Bernstein, A., Bowden, N. S., Dazeley, S., Keefer, G., Svoboda, R., and Tripathi, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Fission events from Special Nuclear Material (SNM), such as highly enriched uranium or plutonium, can produce simultaneous emission of multiple neutrons and high energy gamma-rays. The observation of time correlations between any of these particles is a significant indicator of the presence of fissionable material. Cosmogenic processes can also mimic these types of correlated signals. However, if the background is sufficiently low and fully characterized, significant changes in the correlated event rate in the presence of a target of interest constitutes a robust signature of the presence of SNM. Since fission emissions are isotropic, adequate sensitivity to these multiplicities requires a high efficiency detector with a large solid angle with respect to the target. Water Cerenkov detectors are a cost-effective choice when large solid angle coverage is required. In order to characterize the neutron detection performance of large-scale water Cerenkov detectors, we have designed and built a 3.5 kL water Cerenkov-based gamma-ray and neutron detector, and modeled the detector response in Geant4 [1]. We report the position-dependent neutron detection efficiency and energy response of the detector, as well as the basic characteristics of the simulation., Comment: 7 pages, 11 figures. Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A

Published
2011

45. Expression of Interest for a Novel Search for CP Violation in the Neutrino Sector: DAEdALUS

Author

Alonso, J., Avignone, F. T., Barletta, W. A., Barlow, R., Baumgartner, H. T., Bernstein, A., Blucher, E., Bugel, L., Calabretta, L., Camilleri, L., Carr, R., Conrad, J. M., Dazeley, S. A., Djurcic, Z., de Gouvea, A., Fisher, P. H., Ignarra, C. M., Jones, B. J. P., Jones, C. L., Karagiorgi, G., Katori, T., Kopp, S. E., Lanza, R. C., Loinaz, W. A., McIntyre, P., McLaughlin, G., Mills, G. B., Nolen, J. A., Papavassiliou, V., Sanchez, M., Scholberg, K., Seligman, W. G., Shaevitz, M. H., Shalgar, S., Smidt, T., Syphers, M. J., Spitz, J., Tanaka, H. -K., Terao, K., Tschalaer, C., Vagins, M., Van de Water, R., Wascko, M. O., Wendell, R., and Winslow, L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

DAEdALUS, a Decay-At-rest Experiment for delta_CP studies At the Laboratory for Underground Science, provides a new approach to the search for CP violation in the neutrino sector. The design utilizes low-cost, high-power proton accelerators under development for commercial uses. These provide neutrino beams with energy up to 52 MeV from pion and muon decay-at-rest. The experiment searches for aninu_mu to antinu_e at short baselines corresponding to the atmospheric Delta m^2 region. The antinu_e will be detected, via inverse beta decay, in the 300 kton fiducial-volume Gd-doped water Cherenkov neutrino detector proposed for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL). DAEdALUS opens new opportunities for DUSEL. It provides a high-statistics, low-background alternative for CP violation searches which matches the capability of the conventional long-baseline neutrino experiment, LBNE. Because of the complementary designs, when DAEdALUS antineutrino data are combined with LBNE neutrino data, the sensitivity of the CP-violation search improves beyond any present proposals, including the proposal for Project X. Also, the availability of an on-site neutrino beam opens opportunities for additional physics, both for the presently planned DUSEL detectors and for new experiments at a future 300 ft campus., Comment: Submitted to the DUSEL Directorate

Published
2010

46. Results from a Search for Light-Mass Dark Matter with a P-type Point Contact Germanium Detector

Author

Aalseth, C. E., Barbeau, P. S., Bowden, N. S., Cabrera-Palmer, B., Colaresi, J., Collar, J. I., Dazeley, S., de Lurgio, P., Drake, G., Fast, J. E., Fields, N., Greenberg, C. H., Hossbach, T. W., Keillor, M. E., Kephart, J. D., Marino, M. G., Miley, H. S., Miller, M. L., Orrell, J. L., Radford, D. C., Reyna, D., Robertson, R. G. H., Talaga, R. L., Tench, O., Van Wechel, T. D., Wilkerson, J. F., and Yocum, K. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report on several features present in the energy spectrum from an ultra low-noise germanium detector operated at 2,100 m.w.e. By implementing a new technique able to reject surface events, a number of cosmogenic peaks can be observed for the first time. We discuss several possible causes for an irreducible excess of bulk-like events below 3 keVee, including a dark matter candidate common to the DAMA/LIBRA annual modulation effect, the hint of a signal in CDMS, and phenomenological predictions. Improved constraints are placed on a cosmological origin for the DAMA/LIBRA effect., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. v2: submitted version. Minimal changes in wording, one reference added

Published
2010
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47. Status of the LUX Dark Matter Search

Author

Fiorucci, S., Akerib, D. S., Bedikian, S., Bernstein, A., Bolozdynya, A., Bradley, A., Carr, D., Chapman, J., Clark, K., Classen, T., Curioni, A., Dahl, E., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Druszkiewicz, E., Gaitskell, R., Hall, C., Faham, C. Hernandez, Holbrook, B., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Lander, R., Lesko, K., Malling, D., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D., Mei, D., Mock, J., Nikkel, J., Phelps, P., Schroeder, U., Shutt, T., Skulski, W., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Thomson, J., Toke, J., Tripathi, M., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J., Wolfs, F., Woods, M., and Zhang, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) dark matter search experiment is currently being deployed at the Homestake Laboratory in South Dakota. We will highlight the main elements of design which make the experiment a very strong competitor in the field of direct detection, as well as an easily scalable concept. We will also present its potential reach for supersymmetric dark matter detection, within various timeframes ranging from 1 year to 5 years or more., Comment: 4 pages, in proceedings of the SUSY09 conference

Published
2009
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48. First Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility

Author

Akerib, DS, Araújo, HM, Bai, X, Bailey, AJ, Balajthy, J, Bedikian, S, Bernard, E, Bernstein, A, Bolozdynya, A, Bradley, A, Byram, D, Cahn, SB, Carmona-Benitez, MC, Chan, C, Chapman, JJ, Chiller, AA, Chiller, C, Clark, K, Coffey, T, Currie, A, Curioni, A, Dazeley, S, de Viveiros, L, Dobi, A, Dobson, J, Dragowsky, EM, Druszkiewicz, E, Edwards, B, Faham, CH, Fiorucci, S, Flores, C, Gaitskell, RJ, Gehman, VM, Ghag, C, Gibson, KR, Gilchriese, MGD, Hall, C, Hanhardt, M, Hertel, SA, Horn, M, Huang, DQ, Ihm, M, Jacobsen, RG, Kastens, L, Kazkaz, K, Knoche, R, Kyre, S, Lander, R, Larsen, NA, Lee, C, Leonard, DS, Lesko, KT, Lindote, A, Lopes, MI, Lyashenko, A, Malling, DC, Mannino, R, McKinsey, DN, Mei, D-M, Mock, J, Moongweluwan, M, Morad, J, Morii, M, Murphy, A St J, Nehrkorn, C, Nelson, H, Neves, F, Nikkel, JA, Ott, RA, Pangilinan, M, Parker, PD, Pease, EK, Pech, K, Phelps, P, Reichhart, L, Shutt, T, Silva, C, Skulski, W, Sofka, CJ, Solovov, VN, Sorensen, P, Stiegler, T, O'Sullivan, K, Sumner, TJ, Svoboda, R, Sweany, M, Szydagis, M, Taylor, D, Tennyson, B, Tiedt, DR, Tripathi, M, Uvarov, S, Verbus, JR, Walsh, N, Webb, R, White, JT, White, D, Witherell, MS, Wlasenko, M, and Wolfs, FLH

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, LUX Collaboration, astro-ph.CO, astro-ph.IM, hep-ex, physics.ins-det, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

The Large Underground Xenon (LUX) experiment is a dual-phase xenon time-projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (Lead, South Dakota). The LUX cryostat was filled for the first time in the underground laboratory in February 2013. We report results of the first WIMP search data set, taken during the period from April to August 2013, presenting the analysis of 85.3 live days of data with a fiducial volume of 118 kg. A profile-likelihood analysis technique shows our data to be consistent with the background-only hypothesis, allowing 90% confidence limits to be set on spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic scattering with a minimum upper limit on the cross section of 7.6 × 10(-46) cm(2) at a WIMP mass of 33 GeV/c(2). We find that the LUX data are in disagreement with low-mass WIMP signal interpretations of the results from several recent direct detection experiments.

Published
2014

49. Planning the Future of U.S. Particle Physics (Snowmass 2013): Chapter 8: Instrumentation Frontier

Author

Demarteau, M, Lipton, R, Nicholson, H, Shipsey, I, Akerib, D, Albayrak-Yetkin, A, Alexander, J, Anderson, J, Artuso, M, Asner, D, Ball, R, Battaglia, M, Bebek, C, Beene, J, Benhammou, Y, Bentefour, E, Bergevin, M, Bernstein, A, Bilki, B, Blucher, E, Bolla, G, Bortoletto, D, Bowden, N, Brooijmans, G, Byrum, K, Cabrera, B, Cancelo, G, Carlstrom, J, Casey, B, Chang, C, Chapman, J, Chen, CH, Childres, I, Christian, D, Convery, M, Corso, W Cooper J, Cumalat, J, Cushman, P, Via, C Da, Dazeley, S, Debbins, P, Deptuch, G, Dhawan, S, Benedetto, V Di, DiGiovene, B, Djurcic, Z, Dye, S, Elagin, A, Estrada, J, Evans, H, Etzion, E, Fast, J, Ferretti, C, Fisher, P, Fleming, B, Francis, K, Friedman, P, Frisch, H, Garcia-Sciveres, M, Gatto, C, Geronim, G, Gilchriese, G, Golwala, S, Grant, C, Grillo, A, Grünendahl, E, Gorham, P, Guan, L, Gutierrez, G, Haber, C, Hall, J, Haller, G, Hast, C, Heintz, U, Hemmick, T, Hitlin, DG, Hogan, C, Hohlmann, M, Hoppe, E, Hsu, L, Huffer, M, Irwin, K, Izraelevitch, F, Jennings, G, Johnson, M, Jung, A, Kagan, H, Kenney, C, Kettell, S, Khanna, R, Khristenko, V, Krennrich, F, Kuehn, K, Kutschke, R, Learned, J, Lee, AT, Levin, D, Liu, T, Liu, ATK, and Lissauer, D

Subjects
hep-ex, hep-ph, physics.ins-det
Abstract

These reports present the results of the 2013 Community Summer Study of theAPS Division of Particles and Fields ("Snowmass 2013") on the future program ofparticle physics in the U.S. Chapter 8, on the Instrumentation Frontier,discusses the instrumentation needs of future experiments in the Energy,Intensity, and Cosmic Frontiers, promising new technologies for particlephysics research, and issues of gathering resources for long-term research inthis area.

Published
2014

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