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Aiming at the problem of low quality of coherent demodulation transmission signal of digital signal in the background of Levy noise, this paper proposes a new method of 4FSK signal reception based on adaptive tristable stochastic resonance (SR) system. The bit error rate (BER) of output signals of adaptive tristable SR system model and the traditional modulation model are compared by simulation. The numerical simulation results show that compared with the traditional model, the output BER of the 4FSK signal after demodulation of the adaptive tristable SR system model is reduced by 4% compared with the traditional model. The time domain image of 4FSK signal is clearer, the burrs are significantly reduced and the spectral amplitude of 4FSK signal is greatly improved. The success of this experiment suggests a strong promise of SR systems for digital signal detection in impact noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Touch offers important non-verbal possibilities for socioaffective communication. Yet most digital communications lack capabilities regarding exchanging affective tactile messages (tactile emoticons). Additionally, previous studies on tactile emoticons have not capitalised on knowledge about the affective effects of certain mechanoreceptors in the human skin, e.g., the C-Tactile (CT) system. Here, we examined whether gentle manual stroking delivered in velocities known to optimally activate the CT system (defined as 'tactile emoticons'), during lab-simulated social media communications could convey increased feelings of social support and other prosocial intentions compared to (1) either stroking touch at CT sub-optimal velocities, or (2) standard visual emoticons. Participants (N = 36) felt more social intent with CT-optimal compared to sub-optimal velocities, or visual emoticons. In a second, preregistered study (N = 52), we investigated whether combining visual emoticons with tactile emoticons, this time delivered at CT-optimal velocities by a soft robotic device, could enhance the perception of prosocial intentions and affect participants' physiological measures (e.g., skin conductance rate) in comparison to visual emoticons alone. Visuotactile emoticons conveyed more social intent overall and in anxious participants affected physiological measures more than visual emoticons. The results suggest that emotional social media communications can be meaningfully enhanced by tactile emoticons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge diffusion in regional innovation ecosystems is an important factor that influences the regional innovation efficiency. In regional innovation ecosystems under digital empowerment, the knowledge diffusion enables the optimal allocation of innovation resources and promotes the sustainable development and ecological evolution of regional innovation ecosystems. In this paper, a SEIR (Susceptible–Exposed–Infected–Recovered) model is proposed for knowledge diffusion in regional innovation ecosystems under digitization. The basic reproduction number of the proposed model is calculated and its stability is validated. Finally, the expressions for the optimal control system and the optimal control parameters are presented. According to the research conclusions of this paper, the knowledge-diffusion ability of innovation agents in an innovation ecosystem affects the knowledge diffusion in a system; the contact rate between innovation agents affects the efficiency of knowledge diffusion in the system and the structure of the system; the digital transmission ability of innovation agents affects the breadth of knowledge diffusion in the system; and the self-learning ability of innovation agents affects the efficiency of knowledge diffusion in the system.The digital technologies help heterogeneous innovation agents in regional innovation ecosystems to break down the knowledge silos. At the same time, the digital technologies enhance the ability of innovation agents to absorb and learn knowledge in regional innovation ecosystems under digitization, thereby increasing the infection rate of knowledge diffusion in such systems.These conclusions extend the theoretical boundaries of innovation ecosystems and knowledge diffusion and offer management implications for enterprises and governments in decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the performance of large intelligent surface (LIS) technology in the context of a multi-user MIMO mobile communication system (Mu-MIMO) proposed for the sixth generation (6G). LIS employs digitally controlled reflectors to enhance Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) and establish line of sight (LoS) connectivity in non-LoS environments, improving transmission security. Analytical expressions are derived to assess LIS performance metrics, including distribution parameters, bit error probability, and secrecy outage probability, considering the presence of eavesdroppers and environmental fading. The study highlights the potential of LIS technology to enhance the confidentiality and reliability of digital communication systems in next-generation networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the analysis of emotions in social media has been considered a significant NLP task in digital and social-media-driven environments due to their pervasive influence on communication, culture, and consumer behavior. In particular, the task of Aspect-Based Emotion Analysis (ABEA), which involves analyzing the emotions of various targets within a single sentence, has drawn attention to understanding complex and sophisticated human language. However, ABEA is a challenging task in languages with limited data and complex linguistic properties, such as Korean, which follows spiral thought patterns and has agglutinative characteristics. Therefore, we propose a Korean Target-Attention-Based Emotion Classifier (KOTAC) designed to utilize target information by unveiling emotions buried within intricate Korean language patterns. In the experiment section, we compare various methods of utilizing and representing vectors of target information for the attention mechanism. Specifically, our final model, KOTAC, shows a performance enhancement on the MTME (Multiple Targets Multiple Emotions) samples, which include multiple targets and distinct emotions within a single sentence, achieving a 0.72% increase in F1 score over a baseline model without effective target utilization. This research contributes to the development of Korean language models that better reflect syntactic features by innovating methods to not only obtain but also utilize target-focused representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shift to service and gig economy and increasing polymediality have created communicative contexts where the workers have to construct varying social relations in different kinds of digital and text-based interaction environments. This article examines how transprofessional collaboration is managed in such contexts in the field of applied arts. Based on email and mobile messaging data, we study a project where an artist creates an installation artwork for the use of an organisation. By applying the methods of conversation analysis, we investigate text-based requests and news delivery sequences related to applying for external project funding. Our results show how the participants negotiate the aspects of knowledge, power and emotion within these sequences, and by doing so, maintain mutual professional relationships and display various levels of commitment to the continuation of the project. The article illuminates the facets of transprofessional collaboration in digital professional communication and in atypical work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the input‐to‐state stability of an uncertain switched linear system with external disturbances, whose feedback loop is closed over a digital communication network. In the network, only a finite bit rate can be provided to transmit the feedback signal and unknown network delay always exists. By using reachable set approximation and propagation methods, it can well handle with the effects of model uncertainty, external disturbances and network delay on the stability of the system. To save network resources, event‐triggered sampling is taken here. Under the event‐triggered sampling strategies, a new encoder is proposed, which consumes less feedback bits than the conventional time‐triggered encoders. It is proven that even in the existence of model uncertainty, external disturbances and network delay, the proposed event‐triggered sampling strategies require a lower feedback bit rate to stabilize the switched system than conventional periodic sampling methods. To save network resources, event‐triggered sampling is taken here. Under the event‐triggered sampling strategies, a new encoder is proposed, which consumes less feedback bits than the conventional time‐triggered encoders. It is proven that even in the existence of model uncertainty, external disturbances and network delay, the proposed event‐triggered sampling strategies require a lower feedback bit rate to stabilize the switched system than conventional periodic sampling methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperdimensional computing (HDC) is an emerging computational paradigm for representing compositional information as high-dimensional vectors and has a promising potential in applications ranging from machine learning to neuromorphic computing. One of the long-standing challenges in HDC is factoring a compositional representation to its constituent factors, also known as the recovery problem. In this article, we take a novel approach to solve the recovery problem and propose the use of random linear codes. These codes are subspaces over the Boolean field and are a well-studied topic in information theory with various applications in digital communication. We begin by showing that hyperdimensional encoding using random linear codes retains favorable properties of the prevalent (ordinary) random codes; hence, HD representations using the two methods have comparable information storage capabilities. We proceed to show that random linear codes offer a rich subcode structure that can be used to form key-value stores, which encapsulate the most used cases of HDC. Most important, we show that under the framework we develop, random linear codes admit simple recovery algorithms to factor (either bundled or bound) compositional representations. The former relies on constructing certain linear equation systems over the Boolean field, the solution to which reduces the search space dramatically and strictly outperforms exhaustive search in many cases. The latter employs the subspace structure of these codes to achieve provably correct factorization. Both methods are strictly faster than the state-of-the-art resonator networks, often by an order of magnitude. We implemented our techniques in Python using a benchmark software library and demonstrated promising experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality and time are uncompromisable performance indicators of the physical exhibition production process. Design changes during the installation phase of the process, which arise from poor design representations, cause expensive rework and therefore cost increase. Since non-AEC (architecture/engineering) construction) decision-makers can only partially imagine the outcome through traditional 2D and 3D design representations; we proposed a model incorporating virtual reality technologies to solve design miscommunications and improve stakeholder participation. We adopted a qualitative method and tested the model through case studies with five expert museum professionals. We confirm that VR enhances the design communication among the contributing professionals and, unlike other traditional methods, makes it possible to present multimedia, lighting, sound effects, and other digital elements throughout the exhibition production process. Findings indicate that VR has the potential for significant cost reductions and quality improvement in the construction phase of the exhibitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the pandemic, digital communication became paramount. Due to the discrepancy between the placement of the camera and the screen in typical smartphones, tablets and laptops, mutual eye contact cannot be made in standard video communication. Although the positive effect of eye contact in traditional communication has been well-documented, its role in virtual contexts remains less explored. In this study, we conducted experiments to gauge the impact of gaze direction during a simulated online job interview. Twelve university students were recruited as interviewees. The interview consisted of two recording sessions where they delivered the same prepared speech: in the first session, they faced the camera, and in the second, they directed their gaze towards the screen. Based on the recorded videos, we created three stimuli: one where the interviewee's gaze was directed at the camera (CAM), one where the interviewee's gaze was skewed downward (SKW), and a voice-only stimulus without camera recordings (VO). Thirty-eight full-time workers participated in the study and evaluated the stimuli. The results revealed that the SKW condition garnered significantly less favorable evaluations than the CAM condition and the VO condition. Moreover, a secondary analysis indicated a potential gender bias in evaluations: the female evaluators evaluated the interviewees of SKW condition more harshly than the male evaluators did, and the difference in some evaluation criteria between the CAM and SKW conditions was larger for the female interviewees than for the male interviewees. Our findings emphasize the significance of gaze direction and potential gender biases in online interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Equal, diverse, and inclusive teams lead to higher productivity, creativity, and greater problem-solving ability resulting in more impactful research. However, there is a gap between equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) research and practices to create an inclusive research culture. Research networks are vital to the research ecosystem, creating valuable opportunities for researchers to develop their partnerships with both academics and industrialists, progress their careers, and enable new areas of scientific discovery. A feature of a network is the provision of funding to support feasibility studies – an opportunity to develop new concepts or ideas, as well as to 'fail fast' in a supportive environment. The work of networks can address inequalities through equitable allocation of funding and proactive consideration of inclusion in all of their activities. Methods: This study proposes a strategy to embed EDI within research network activities and funding review processes. This paper evaluates 21 planned mitigations introduced to address known inequalities within research events and how funding is awarded. EDI data were collected from researchers engaging in a digital manufacturing network activities and funding calls to measure the impact of the proposed method. Results: Quantitative analysis indicates that the network's approach was successful in creating a more ethnically diverse network, engaging with early career researchers, and supporting researchers with care responsibilities. However, more work is required to create a gender balance across the network activities and ensure the representation of academics who declare a disability. Preliminary findings suggest the network's anonymous funding review process has helped address inequalities in funding award rates for women and those with care responsibilities, more data are required to validate these observations and understand the impact of different interventions individually and in combination. Conclusions: In summary, this study offers compelling evidence regarding the efficacy of a research network's approach in advancing EDI within research and funding. The network hopes that these findings will inform broader efforts to promote EDI in research and funding and that researchers, funders, and other stakeholders will be encouraged to adopt evidence-based strategies for advancing this important goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the quest for robust and efficient digital communication, this paper introduces cutting-edge key exchange protocols leveraging the computational prowess of tropical semirings and the structural resilience of block matrices. Moving away from the conventional use of finite fields, these protocols deliver markedly faster processing speeds and heightened security. We present two implementations of our concept, each utilizing a different platform for the set of commuting matrices: one employing tropical polynomials of matrices and the other employing Linde–de la Puente matrices. The inherent simplicity of tropical semirings leads to a decrease in operational complexity, while using block matrices enhances our protocols' security profile. The security of these protocols relies on the Matrix Decomposition Problem. In addition, we provide a comparative analysis of our protocols against existing matrix block-based protocols in finite fields. This research marks a significant shift in cryptographic protocol design, is specifically tailored for demanding engineering applications, and sets a new standard in secure and efficient digital communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In communication technologies such as digital watermarking, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and visual light communication (VLC), error-correcting codes are crucial. The Enhanced Hadamard Error-Correcting Code (EHC), which is based on 2D Hadamard Basis Images, is a novel error correction technique that is presented in this study. This technique is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the video watermarking scheme. Even with highly sophisticated embedding techniques, watermarks usually fail to resist such comprehensive attacks because of the extraordinarily high compression rate of approximately 1:200 that is frequently employed in video dissemination. It can only be used in conjunction with a sufficient error-correcting coding method. This study compares the efficacy of the well-known Reed–Solomon Code with this novel technique, the Enhanced Hadamard Error-Correcting Code (EHC), in maintaining watermarks in embedded videos. The main idea behind this newly created multidimensional Enhanced Hadamard Error-Correcting Code is to use a 1D Hadamard decoding approach on the 2D base pictures after they have been transformed into a collection of one-dimensional rows. Following that, the image is rebuilt, allowing for a more effective 2D decoding procedure. Using this technique, it is possible to exceed the theoretical error-correcting capacity threshold of ⌊ d m i n − 1 2 ⌋ bits, where d m i n is the Hamming distance. It may be possible to achieve better results by converting the 2D EHC into a 3D format. The new Enhanced Hadamard Code is used in a video watermarking coding scheme to show its viability and efficacy. The original video is broken down using a multi-level interframe wavelet transform during the video watermarking embedding process. Low-pass filtering is applied to the video stream in order to extract a certain frequency range. The watermark is subsequently incorporated using this filtered section. Either the Reed–Solomon Correcting Code or the Enhanced Hadamard Code is used to protect the watermarks. The experimental results show that EHC far outperforms the RS Code and is very resilient against severe MPEG compression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk of copyrighted data theft has increased with the growth of digital communication and easy access to digital data. Using watermarking methods has always been an active research subject against unauthorized users to protect copyrighted data. Deep watermarking methods were introduced in recent years to face this challenge, however, the robustness of these methods against graphic attacks and generating high-quality marked-images are still one of the important challenges in this issue. Also, exposure of these methods to the risk of intellectual property infringement is another important challenge in this subject. To address the quality degradation challenge of marked-images, we propose a blind deep image-watermarking method inspired by the Siamese network in which the watermark-codes will be embedded in the network's weights instead of cover-images. Also, a cover-atmosphere is defined for each cover-image which includes the cover-image and its various attacked versions. Favorable robustness is achieved by mapping each cover-atmosphere to its corresponding watermark-code space. Moreover, an independent subspace for non-watermark-images is considered to map into a null-code which makes the method robust against intellectual property infringement attack. The results obtained from the experiment show that the suggested approach outperforms existing methods and can withstand different types of graphical and surrogate model attacks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this day and age, the world has slowly been shifting to the widespread use of technology in almost all aspects, including employment. This is proven by the continuous growth in the number of remote jobs globally, which allows people to work from home through the use of technology anytime and anywhere. Naturally, challenges and dilemmas, especially when it comes to communication, arise in the workplace. However, the challenges experienced in the face-to-face setup may differ from what is experienced in a remote or online setup. That being said, this research aims to discover the organizational culture being practiced in a remote work setup, specifically its organizational culture, communication flow, and practices, as well as the communication model being observed in the workplace through the conduction of an interview between two engineers. The findings reveal that the organization has both linguistic diversity and cultural pluralism. Moreover, their primary communication channels are digital tools, which is an indication that the Interactive model of communication is observed in their company. In addition, employees, irrespective of their positions, are also given the chance to participate and talk during meetings, which signifies that the company's communication flows are both vertical and horizontal. Lastly, technological barriers like internet connectivity impact project development, which may lead to miscommunications in the workplace. Overall, the research sheds light on communication challenges and practices in remote work environments while also highlighting the healthy work atmosphere the selected organization has cultivated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a reflective examination of challenges to design and communication from the current digital revolution, using the prism of a 1980s television advertisement for the Yellow Pages. Originating at the same time as the height of the desktop publishing revolution, the advert illuminates a transitional period in the evolution of digital technology and media communications, marked by changing user practices and experiences. The advert's storyline follows a young man's quest to convert an old cine film (of his father) to videotape for his mother's birthday, in the process showcasing the impending shift from analogue to digital technologies and encapsulating the multifaceted implications and transitional challenges of the period. The hybrid setting of technologies, alongside the tensions, confusion and ambiguities of different stakeholders metaphorically symbolises and can be contrasted alongside, the challenges impacting the design, media and communications industry of the period and can inform reflection on contemporary challenges. Engaging with the narrative, the Yellow Pages advert is used as a creative device which functions as a cultural, historical, narrative lens with which to contrast against contemporary (and future) transitional challenges within the digital revolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital financial inclusion and common prosperity are pivotal elements in promoting the sustainable socioeconomic development of China. This study introduces a novel Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method to evaluate the Common Prosperity Index (CPI). Using this index, alongside the Digital Financial Inclusion Index (DFII) released by Peking University, it examines the evolution of the coupling coordination relationship between digital financial inclusion and common prosperity within the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomeration from 2011 to 2021. By integrating gravity models and social network analysis, in this paper, we thoroughly investigate the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the spatial network of this coupling coordination relationship. The results indicate that both the DFII and CPI generally exhibit an upward trend, but the decline in the coupling degree reflects a weakened interaction strength between them. Specifically, Anhui significantly lags behind Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai in the development of digital financial inclusion and common prosperity, indicating regional development imbalances. Furthermore, the strength of spatial connections in city coupling coordination has significantly increased, with Nanjing's siphon effect on cities in Anhui becoming markedly stronger, and the number of core cities in the network increasing, which demonstrates a geographical proximity feature in network development. Additionally, the overall network characteristics are transitioning towards higher density and "small-world" properties, suggesting a trend toward network stabilization. The disparity in centrality among cities has decreased, with an overall enhancement in centrality, where the spatial spillover effects from core areas such as Hangzhou-Ningbo, Nanjing-Changzhou, and Shanghai-Suzhou-Wuxi significantly promote the development of peripheral cities. Based on these findings, this paper proposes policy recommendations for the sustainable development of digital financial inclusion and common prosperity in the YRD region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital platforms play a central role in today's market-based competition. To build a successful platform, entrepreneurs must pursue indirect network effects and shape multiple sides of the platform. However, the extant literature provides only a meager understanding of how entrepreneurs can create such indirect network effects. To better understand how this can be done, we conduct a case study that longitudinally traces 16 years of digital game platform growth as the entrepreneurs bring the platform successfully into multiple markets. The analysis advances theorising of the entrepreneurs' repertoires of moves seeking to increase the number and variety of platform participants conducive to creating indirect network effects. The findings indicate that early moves focus on creating technical solutions that overcome technical challenges and permit platform scaling, whereas later moves seek to create a more flexible and generalisable platform architecture that allows a wider range of interactions. The findings make several contributions to the digital entrepreneurship literature by synthesising a dynamic model of entrepreneurs' repertoire of competitive moves that will induce indirect network effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main goal of this paper is to study the higher-order dispersive extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which demonstrates the propagation of ultrashort pulses in optical communication networks. In this study, both the sinh-Gordon expansion method and the generalized exponential rational function method are used to offer some novel optical solutions. These optical soliton solutions are dark soliton, bright soliton, singular, periodic, and dark-bright soliton solutions. The obtained optical soliton solutions are presented graphically in 2D and 3D to clarify the behavior of solutions more effectively. The constraint conditions are also used to verify the exitances of the new analytical solutions. Moreover, all solutions compared to solutions obtained previously are new, and all the new wave solutions have verified Eq. (1) after we substituted them into the studied equation. In the future, these novel soliton solutions will be very helpful in developing fluid dynamics, biomedical issues, dynamics of adiabatic parameters, industrial research, and many other areas of science. To our acknowledgment, the presented optical solutions are novel, and also beforehand these methods have not been applied to this studied equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-growing threats in cybersecurity growing with the rapid development of quantum computing, necessitates the development of robust and quantum-resistant cryptographic systems. This paper introduces a novel cryptosystem, Public Key Cryptosystem based on Systematic Polar Encoding (PKC-SPE), based on the combination of systematic polar encoding and public-key cryptographic principles. The Systematic Polar Encoding (SPE), derived from the well-established field of polar codes, serves as the foundation for this proposed cryptographic scheme. Here, we have used MATLAB Software to introduce and implement the PKC-SPE Cryptosystem. The paper examines key generation, encryption, and decryption algorithms, providing insights into the adaptability and efficiency of systematic polar encoding in public-key cryptography. We assess the efficiency of the PKC-SPE Cryptosystem in three aspects: key size, computational complexity, and system implementation timings. In addition, we compare the PKC-SPE Cryptosystem with PKC-PC cryptosystem and find that it has reduced key sizes ( P r = 0.8436 kbytes). The results obtained through simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed cryptosystem and highlighting its potential for integration into real-world communication systems. Thus, in the paradigm shift to quantum computing, the PKC-SPE cryptosystem emerges as a promising candidate to secure digital communication in the quantum computing era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For digital image transmission security and information copyright, a new holographic image self-embedding watermarking encryption scheme is proposed. Firstly, the plaintext is converted to the RGB three-color channel, the corresponding phase hologram is obtained by holographic technology and the watermark is self-embedded in the frequency domain. Secondly, by applying the Hilbert transform principle and genetic center law, a complete set of image encryption algorithms is constructed to realize the encryption of image information. Finally, simulation results and security analysis indicate that the scheme can effectively encrypt and decrypt image information and realize the copyright protection of information. The introduced scheme can provide some support for relevant theoretical research, and has practical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper argues for the renewed relevance of time geography in tourism in light of the use of mobile technologies and ubiquitous connectivity. The paper proposes the concept of phygitality to understand how digital technologies are used in physical space, and how the interaction between the physical and the digital reconfigures tourists' projects, paths, bundles, and constraints. The theoretical contribution builds on fifteen semi-structured interviews. The analysis shows that capability, coupling, and authority constraints are altered and mediated by digital devices. In the phygital time-space, tourists orient themselves in physical spaces, influenced by digital information; they create phygital paths and move between stations that result from the overlaying of digital information onto the physical space. Tourists' goal-oriented mobility results in phygital projects, where logics of efficiency and optimization reduce the liminality of the tourist experience. Tourists' bundles are created within and outside the physical vacation prism through digital communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst an unprecedented period of technological progress, incorporating digital platforms into diverse domains of existence has become indispensable, fundamentally altering the operational processes of governments, businesses, and individuals. Nevertheless, the swift process of digitization has concurrently led to the emergence of cybercrime, which takes advantage of weaknesses in interconnected systems. The growing dependence of society on digital communication, commerce, and information sharing has led to the exploitation of these platforms by malicious actors for hacking, identity theft, ransomware, and phishing attacks. With the growing dependence of organizations, businesses, and individuals on digital platforms for information exchange, commerce, and communication, malicious actors have identified the susceptibilities present in these systems and have begun to exploit them. This study examines 28 research papers focusing on intrusion detection systems (IDS), and phishing detection in particular, and how quickly responses and detections in cybersecurity may be made. We investigate various approaches and quantitative measurements to comprehend the link between reaction time and detection time and emphasize the necessity of minimizing both for improved cybersecurity. The research focuses on reducing detection and reaction times, especially for phishing attempts, to improve cybersecurity. In smart grids and automobile control networks, faster attack detection is important, and machine learning can help. It also stresses the necessity to improve protocols to address increasing cyber risks while maintaining scalability, interoperability, and resilience. Although machine-learning-based techniques have the potential for detection precision and reaction speed, obstacles still need to be addressed to attain real-time capabilities and adjust to constantly changing threats. To create effective defensive mechanisms against cyberattacks, future research topics include investigating innovative methodologies, integrating real-time threat intelligence, and encouraging collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed nonconvex optimization underpins key functionalities of numerous distributed systems, ranging from power systems, smart buildings, cooperative robots, vehicle networks to sensor networks. Recently, it has also merged as a promising solution to handle the enormous growth in data and model sizes in deep learning. A fundamental problem in distributed nonconvex optimization is avoiding convergence to saddle points, which significantly degrade optimization accuracy. We find that the process of quantization, which is necessary for all digital communications, can be exploited to enable saddle-point avoidance. More specifically, we propose a stochastic quantization scheme and prove that it can effectively escape saddle points and ensure convergence to a second-order stationary point in distributed nonconvex optimization. With an easily adjustable quantization granularity, the approach allows a user to control the number of bits sent per iteration and, hence, to aggressively reduce the communication overhead. Numerical experimental results using distributed optimization and learning problems on benchmark datasets confirm the effectiveness of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voltage and current measurements in high-voltage substations are fundamental for stable operation. Conventional instrument transformers (ITs) face challenges in gas-insulated switchgears (GISs), such as size, weight, accuracy limitations, and behavioral instability at abnormal voltages and currents. Non-conventional instrument transformers (NCITs) have emerged to address these issues, complying with International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards and providing millivolt-level signals, enabling downsizing of GIS bays. The transition to digital substations, as mandated by IEC 61850-9-2, requires a shift from the conventional 110 V/5 A outputs to levels ranging from millivolts to volts. Electronic instrument transformers (EITs), compliant with the IEC 60044-7 and 8 standards, offer alternatives to conventional ITs with smaller sizes and wider frequency ranges. However, issues remain with EITs, including limited adoption, the necessity of separate power sources, and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference. Recent standards, transitioning to IEC 61869, focus on low-power instrument transformers (LPITs). Low-power voltage transformers (LPVTs) and low-power current transformers (LPCTs), designed with passive components, present potential solutions by directly connecting to merging units (MUs) for digital signal transmission. This review outlines the current status of various IT standards, covering conventional ITs, EITs based on IEC 60044-7 and 8, and LPITs based on IEC 61869-10 and 11. Advancements in sensor technology relevant to these standards are also explored. The paper provides insights into the evolving landscape of instrument transformers, addressing challenges and offering potential pathways for future developments in digital substations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes alterity as a concept for the study of digital communication. Its justification is based on the fact that although the literature focused on interactions on online spaces involves a self and an other, the role of both notions tends to be approached in a rather tangential manner and with an emphasis on the other as an enemy. In light of this, this article takes the work of Emmanuel Lévinas on alteriry and puts forward the different ways in which this notion can help us observe the self and the other from new perspectives within digital communication. Essentially, what is argued is that this standpoint in regard to alterity allows to shed light on how exchanges on the Internet go beyond violence, on the one hand, and that when that occurs, it does not mean that we do not need the other anyway, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased use of social media has triggered a visual shift in digital political communication. One central strategy is visual (self-) personalization and many studies have analyzed why and to what extent political communication is focused on individuals. Yet, most research has concentrated on personalization, leaving aside the question of whether it comes at the expense of policy issues or whether people are brought into focus as facilitators of such issues. We fill this research gap by analyzing how visual (self-) personalization on Instagram pages of parties and politicians during election campaigns has changed over time and whether it comes at the cost of addressing policy issues. We use data from three quantitative content analyses of Instagram posts published by parliamentary parties (n = 7) and top candidates (n = 18) in the 'hot phases' before three national German elections (N = 2313), covering all nationwide elections since Instagram has become a common campaign tool. It is shown that personal depictions are very common in Instagram campaigns of parties and candidates while addressing policy issues in posts varies between elections. Using a multilevel binomial regression model, we show that addressing policy issues is negatively related to personalization but further analysis shows that it is not a zero-sum game at the cost of addressing policy issues. Our results provide insights into how the presentation of politics might change when image- and video-based platforms continue to gain importance in political communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data traffic is rapidly growing due to e-commerce, digital communication, and the digital world. Optical networks must provide a better solution to enhance transmission and improve service with cost efficiency. Considerable investigations of the 64QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) model have been conducted on wireless and optical communication to improve transmission efficiency. The next generation 400Gb/s systems are now widely recognized to be commercially accessible. At the same time, optical communication networks need a superior method to provide the best Quality of Transmission with improved data transmission efficiency. This paper aims to improve the Quality of Transmission in Optical Communication Networks (OCN). Therefore, a simple and fast reconfigurable network model is essentially required. However, there is a problem primarily related to configuring the network parameters to improve the Quality of Transmission (QoT). Research has shown that deep learning algorithms can improve QoT. Recurrent Neural Networks and Long-Short-Term-Memory (RNN-LSTM) algorithms are employed to leverage the factors of QoT in OCN. The RNN model analyzes the physical network parameters, and LSTM analyzes the dynamic data parameters and data from OCN. The Gaussian processes and path computation elements are utilized to obtain a mean absolute Signal Noise Ratio error of merely 0.1dB as a better result by the Gaussian process. The proposed model can provide high flexibility in changing the network topologies, planning, and period with less complexity by including a dataset evolution, adjusting the parameters, and examining output. A real-time dataset is analyzed using RNN-LSTM, implemented in Python, and experimented with. The throughput, bandwidth, and modulation path following light paths are calculated in the experiment to estimate the QoT. The experimental results showed that the proposed RNN-LSTM model provides better QoT. From the comparison, the proposed model provides a better throughput of 1 to 2 Gbps and Under Provisioning Ratio of 0.5 Hz over the existing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper engages theoretical principles from critical human geography, media and communication studies, and development literature to present a research trajectory that unpacks the influence of digital platforms in representing and mediating distant suffering. Critiques of aid and development communication have long focused on concerns around the representation of the Global South as an 'Othered' space; powerful and deeply problematic geographical imaginaries become embedded within contemporary dominant discourses of aid and development. As significant sources of aid and development imaginaries, how civil society has mediated distant suffering has been subject to much critique. However, the rapid transition towards engagement with digital platforms necessitates an extension of critical considerations about representation and mediation. For example: what impact do digital platforms, their knowledge politics and representational capabilities have on imaginaries of distant suffering? Digital platforms (such as websites and other social media platforms) are situated within and constituted by (and through) a 'digital knowledge politics'. These platforms and their mediations still exist within broader social practices and processes, and therefore remain entrenched within the power relations between Global North and Global South. This poses significant questions regarding the role digital platforms (and their representational capabilities) play in producing and mediating representations of distant strangers and their places. Moreover, further gaps within existing research emerge regarding how digital platforms can inform how (and indeed if) the public respond to such discourses. Through identifying key interdisciplinary intersections between critical human geographies and media and communication studies, this paper considers research trajectories that extend critical examinations of the role that digital platforms play in producing and representing aid and development imaginaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fulfilling requests for media content in support of classroom and faculty research activities is demanding for academic libraries. Libraries strive to meet requests for media while working with challenges such as intellectual property license contracts, advances in digital communication technologies and copyright issues. This article provides an in-depth look at the changing demands of collections and services in addressing faculty requests for media, and outlines both a collection and a service strategy developed by librarians at the University of South Florida Libraries to provide faculty and students with access to diverse media titles in formats ranging from physical to streaming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this paper is the interdependence of communication and digital literacy, as original entities, and especially digital communication and science and scientific knowledge. In the present day, digital literacy is a necessary ability for scientific professionals. The concept of digital literacy is increasingly prevalent in the 21st century. Scientific research requires the capacity to efficiently use digital tools, platforms, and databases as technology continues to improve at an unparalleled rate. The capacity to get and assess data from a variety of online sources is a crucial component of digital literacy for scientific professionals. In order to encourage cooperation and creativity across scientific groups, digital literacy is vital. Moreover, scientific professionals that possess digital literacy are better equipped to disseminate their research findings to a larger audience. The essence is that the higher the level of digital literacy, the easier it is to find suitable and therefore the best forms of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The anthology "Text Complexity and Text Understanding" by Angela Schrott, Johanna Wolf, and Christine Pflüger addresses various aspects of text comprehensibility. The twelve contributions in the book mostly come from the field of Romance studies at the University of Kassel. Theoretical models on text complexity, recontextualization, and simplification techniques are discussed. The significance of visual codifications in texts is also debated. One contribution examines the appropriateness of text simplifications in administrative and legal contexts. Analyses on topics such as comics, memes, and digital communication are presented. The volume is primarily aimed at experts but has some shortcomings in terms of explaining terms and does not adequately consider text complexity in some cases. [Extracted from the article]

The book "The Oral Examination" by Matz, Rogge, and Rumlich is an introduction to the topic of oral examinations and is aimed at students of foreign language didactics, trainee teachers, and teachers of modern foreign languages. It covers various aspects of oral examinations, such as the assessment of oral competence, the evaluation of examination performances, and the involvement of learners in the assessment process. The book also proposes a genre-based concept to alleviate the examination situation and combine teaching with digital communication forms. In his report, the author Karl-Walter Florin expresses concerns regarding the presentation and argumentation of the authors regarding oral examinations. He criticizes that the presentation is too abstract and lacks concrete examples. Furthermore, it is unclear whether there is a reference framework that serves as a basis for evaluation. The author wonders whether oral examinations should demonstrate the learning progress or the achieved language level of the examinees. Additionally, he notes that not all cited literature is listed in the bibliography. [Extracted from the article]

The rise of the Internet has enabled the consumers to share their brand related emotion in social media brand communities. Members of brand communities frequently use the company’s intellectual and cultural assets, which further foster the forming of close bonds. It improves community members’ social ties and reciprocity standards. As a result, the brand community members become more cooperative. The stimulus-organism-response paradigm has been followed as theoretical framework to determine consumers’ social participation as stimuli which affect their social capital—bridging and bonding (organism) that ultimately improves their brand commitment (response). Select Facebook brand communities provided the data for this investigation. Also, structural equation modeling, which uses different fit indices to test the theoretical framework, has been done. Innovative aspect of this study is how online social interactions between consumer brand communities influence consumers’ social capital, which in turn influences consumers’ brand attitude. Additionally, by creating brand communities for their brands, brand managers can capitalize on the satisfactions of the members. Based on the uses and gratification theory, the study that highlights members’ desire to participate in brand communities’ events can be used by brand managers to advance their businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the post-public sphere and the regulation of platforms that have had disruptive effects on democracy. Platformisation means that the normative ideals for a political public sphere set out by Jürgen Habermas face a distinctive challenge. "Neo-regulation" is an evolving adaption by states that reflects the urgent need to address platformisation and digitalisation more generally. In conditions of geopolitical competition, notably between the China and US, attempts by various states and the EU to establish a neo-regulatory order has developed a significant national security dimension, which is highly relevant for the regulation of digital communication. Policing borders and content is an ever-present focus in all political regimes, whether characterised as democratic or authoritarian. Applying Pierre Bourdieu's field theory to internet regulation, the argument is illustrated by reference to current British regulatory practice. At the level of the state, the "regulatory field" is shaped by national and global forces. Although the British case has specific characteristics, the underlying analysis has general relevance for comparative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Co‐rumination is an interpersonal emotion regulation strategy in which negative feelings and problems are discussed perseveratively with another person. Although co‐rumination is salient in adolescence, research to date has focused on co‐rumination occurring in person and has not kept pace with the surge in digital communication that begins in adolescence. This study examined the degree, associations among, and consequences (i.e., depressive symptoms, and friendship quality) of adolescents' co‐rumination via in‐person, text, social media, and phone modalities. Methods: Adolescents (n = 109; 51 girls, 57 boys, 1 nonbinary; Mage = 12.83 years) residing in Canada, completed self‐report questionnaires on co‐rumination, depressive symptoms, and friendship quality for up to 2 years. Results: Adolescents engaged in co‐rumination across all modalities, particularly in‐person. Findings indicated a negative association between in‐person co‐rumination at baseline and in‐person co‐rumination over time. Whereas less text co‐rumination was associated with increased depressive symptoms over time, greater phone co‐rumination was associated with increased depressive symptoms over time. Although greater in‐person co‐rumination was positively associated with friendship quality concurrently, it was negatively associated with friendship quality prospectively. Conclusions: Taken together, co‐rumination outcomes may vary depending on communication modality. Implications for adolescents' mental and social wellbeing are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital health definitions are abundant, but often lack clarity and precision. We aimed to develop a minimum information framework to define patient-facing digital health interventions (DHIs) for outcomes research. Definitions of digital-health-related terms (DHTs) were systematically reviewed, followed by a content analysis using frameworks, including PICOTS (population, intervention, comparator, outcome, timing, and setting), Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Measures, and the World Health Organization's Classification of Digital Health Interventions. Subsequently, we conducted an online Delphi study to establish a minimum information framework, which was pilot tested by 5 experts using hypothetical examples. After screening 2610 records and 545 full-text articles, we identified 101 unique definitions of 67 secondary DHTs in 76 articles, resulting in 95 different patterns of concepts among the definitions. World Health Organization system (84.5%), message (75.7%), intervention (58.3%), and technology (52.4%) were the most frequently covered concepts. For the Delphi survey, we invited 47 members of the ISPOR Digital Health Special Interest Group, 18 of whom became the Delphi panel. The first, second, and third survey rounds were completed by 18, 11, and 10 respondents, respectively. After consolidating results, the PICOTS-ComTeC acronym emerged, involving 9 domains (population, intervention, comparator, outcome, timing, setting, communication, technology, and context) and 32 optional subcategories. Patient-facing DHIs can be specified using PICOTS-ComTeC that facilitates identification of appropriate interventions and comparators for a given decision. PICOTS-ComTeC is a flexible and versatile tool, intended to assist authors in designing and reporting primary studies and evidence syntheses, yielding actionable results for clinicians and other decision makers. • Abundant, yet vaguely defined definitions in digital health represent a challenge for clinicians, decision makers, developers, and researchers. Despite having several guidelines/checklists for the standardization of evidence generation and assessment for digital health interventions (DHIs), the identification of comparable DHIs remains difficult because of their personalized nature, complex technologies, and linkages to larger systems. This may restrict the validity of evidence syntheses. • We introduce the PICOTS-ComTeC (population, intervention, comparator, outcome, timing, setting, communication, technology, and context) framework, a newly developed, flexible, and versatile tool to help the formulation of sufficiently specific and detailed definitions for patient-facing digital health interventions and related research questions. • To overcome the limitations of terminology in digital health, the PICOTS-ComTeC framework of patient-facing DHIs should be specified in sufficient detail, to allow the identification of comparable interventions and allow for the selection of appropriate comparators that deliver similar effects to patients; therefore, the fit of DHIs in clinical, financing or development decision contexts, and specific research questions can be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concerns with the problem of fault detection for networked fuzzy systems. Considering the digital communication channel, quantization is adopted to make the data transmission feasible and the induced data distortion is converted into a bounded uncertain term. For the purpose of saving network resources, a new quantizer with an event-triggered strategy is designed to reduce the length and the number of the transmitted data packets, simultaneously. In the process of stability analysis, the T-S fuzzy model approach is employed to approximate the nonlinear networked system, and a more flexible fuzzy design method is presented to get the fault detection filter which can detect the sensor fault in the presence of external disturbance. And sufficient conditions are constructed to guarantee the stability of the filter error system in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, the simulation example is given to verify the feasibility of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important physical structure that is assumed to illustrate the geometry of optical soliton replication in optical fiber theory is the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE). Optical soliton generation in nonlinear optical fibers is a topic of great contemporary interest because of the numerous applications of ultrafast signal routing systems and short light pulses in communications. This analysis's main goal is to create a large number of soliton solutions for the dynamical model using a variety of contemporary analytical methods. This paper studies different soliton solutions to the perturbed NLSE with Kerr law nonlinearity using two sets of two distinct integration strategies: the mapping approach and the unified auxiliary equation method. The majority of solutions have been found as Jacobi elliptic functions with limiting ellipticity modulus values. Solitons like dark, bright, optical, lonely, and others are also retrieved. We were able to create various single‐type solutions with the help of these strategies. As a result, there is a variety of optical, bell‐shaped, single periodic, and multi‐periodic solutions. In order to validate the computations, the stability of the acquired findings must also be proven. The study provides a highly stunning and suitable strategy for combining numerous exciting wave demonstrations for more advanced models of the present era. Furthermore, we can assert that the outcomes reported here are unique and novel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to explore dyadic latent classes of intergenerational solidarity with digital communication (texting, video call, and social media interaction) among older parent and adult child pairs during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and whether derived dyadic latent classes were associated with older parents' and adult children's depressive symptoms. Background: Previous studies have not considered how digital communication fits with the established intergenerational solidarity paradigm. Consequently, we know little about how the use of digital communication creates new types of intergenerational solidarity between older parents and adult children, and how they are associated with their depressive symptoms during the pandemic. Methods: Using data from the 2022 survey of the Longitudinal Study of Generations (LSOG), the analysis took a dyadic‐centered approach and applied a three‐step latent class analysis with 271 mother–child and 190 father–child dyads. Results: Dyadic partners were consistent in their relationship evaluations for the three latent classes identified in both mother–child and father–child dyads: tight‐knit traditional (strong solidarity with frequent in‐person contact), distant‐but‐digitally connected (geographically distant but frequent digital contact), and detached (low solidarity). In mother–child dyads, mothers reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms when they were in tight‐knit traditional and distant‐but‐digitally connected relationships, than those in detached relationships. In father–child dyads, adult children reported significantly fewer depressive symptoms when they were in tight‐knit traditional and distant‐but‐digitally connected relationships, than those in detached relationships. Conclusions: These findings suggest that digital communication was beneficial for older parents' and adult children's psychological well‐being, depending on parents' gender and generational position during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the era of Industry 4.0, the digital transformation of industrial systems necessitates advanced wireless communication solutions that are both agile and secure. Private 5G networks, characterized by their unparalleled bandwidth, reduced latency, and fortified security, have emerged as a beacon of innovation in this paradigm shift. This study explores the feasibility of deploying private 5G networks across diverse enterprises, underpinned by a robust methodological framework. Drawing from contemporary research, it is evident that while 5G promises transformative benefits for sectors like logistics, manufacturing, and autonomous vehicles, its adoption is riddled with challenges such as network oversaturation and frequency coordination. Analyzing 2006 companies, our findings reveal that only 103 enterprises align with the optimal criteria for private 5G network implementation, highlighting the intricate balance of spatial, economic, and regulatory considerations. This research not only offers a strategic roadmap for businesses and stakeholders but also positions private 5G networks as a pivotal tool for achieving operational excellence, enhanced data privacy, and seamless connectivity in the modern industrial landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]