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El estudio de la Inquisición en las Islas Canarias del siglo XVI revela una compleja interacción entre colonizadores y población local. Se centra en mujeres, particularmente acusadas de brujería, evidenciando tensiones y resistencias culturales. La Inquisición enfrentó prácticas y creencias arraigadas en la población, en especial en mujeres africanas y canarias. Estas mujeres, al adaptar y preservar sus tradiciones, mostraron una resistencia activa, creando un sincretismo religioso que refleja la agencia de las comunidades colonizadas. El análisis poscolonial de estos procesos inquisitoriales en Canarias ofrece una perspectiva enriquecedora sobre las dinámicas de poder, identidad y cultura en el contexto del colonialismo atlántico.

Sabe-se que as vespas sociais predam diferentes pragas agrícolas, inclusive do cafezal, porém há poucos estudos que se propuseram a inventariar a fauna de vespídeos em áreas de cultivo de Coffea arabica L., bem como poucas informações das espécies que conseguem nidificar na planta do café. Por isso o objetivo deste trabalho foi inventariar a fauna desses insetos que nidificam nesta planta em áreas de cultivo no sul de Minas Gerais. O estudo foi realizado no período de 06 de abril a 02 de junho de 2024 em cinco propriedades nos municípios de Inconfidentes, Borda da Mata e Jacutinga. Foram registradas 14 colônias de sete espécies, além de seis ninhos abandonados. Estas espécies já foram documentadas em áreas de cultivo de café, mas este estudo comprova a nidificação dessas em plantas da espécie, C. arabica. Conclui-se o presente trabalho apontando-se para o fato de não haver ainda um modelo de manejo capaz de conciliar a manutenção das colônias de vespas sociais na planta do café durante as práticas de poda, colheita do fruto e de aplicação de fitossanitários.

The Apis mellifera L. presents defensive behavior, in order to protect the colony against intruders, which can make management difficult. The objective was to evaluate the defensive behavior of Apis mellifera Africanized under different times and climatic conditions in the winter of southern Brazil. Ten standard Langstroth colonies were used, the defensiveness test was performed in two treatments: sunny day and cloudy day. The time required for the 1st sting and the number of stings in the chamois, the number of bees that attacked and were trapped in the fabric, and the distance of pursuit to the observer were evaluated. The averages of the observations were statistically analyzed using the Duncan test and Pearson's correlation. The treatments showed a difference (P <0.05) in terms of the chasing distance, in which on cloudy days the observed value was 155.57m and on sunny days 124.77m. The time for the highest concentration of bees trapped in the tissue was from 7:00 am to 10:00 am (97.28 honeybees), which was higher (P <0.05) than the time from 12:00 to 15:00 (41.40 honeybees), and from 3 pm to 5 pm it was similar (P> 0.05) to the other hours. Honeybees are more defensive between 7:00 am and 10:00 am. Thus, it is recommended to avoid carrying out management in the colonies in the early morning in the southern region of Brazil during the winter period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As abelhas nativas sem ferrão desempenham um papel imprescindível no setor econômico e ecossistêmico. São valiosas não apenas comercialmente, devido ao mel com propriedades medicinais únicas, mas também como polinizadoras, promovendo a diversificação biológica das plantas e interações ecológicas entre espécies. No entanto, essas abelhas têm enfrentado declínio a longo prazo e em escala significativa. Este guia técnico foi desenvolvido para preencher lacunas de informações técnicas, visando auxiliar pesquisadores, educadores e técnicos envolvidos em estudos com abelhas nativas. O guia destaca o uso de garrafas PETs e caixas Tetra Pak para captura e criação de abelhas nativas, enfatizando a redução de custos e a sustentabilidade. Foi elaborado por meio de compilações cuidadosas de informações provenientes de pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando o Google Acadêmico e a CAPES Periódicos. Os principais tópicos deste guia incluem o processo de captura das abelhas nativas, práticas de criação econômica e os benefícios para pesquisadores, agroecossistema e meio ambiente. Este guia representa uma contribuição significativa para a preservação das abelhas nativas e o avanço contínuo da pesquisa.

Copyright of Tesla Revista Científica is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

U.S. border colonias are peri-urban settlements along the U.S.–Mexico border. Residents often face substandard housing, inadequate septic and sewer systems, and unsafe or inadequate household water. As of 2015, an estimated 30% of over 5 million U.S. colonia residents lacked access to clean drinking water, suggesting health complications. This scoping review identifies a very limited existing set of research on water and sanitation insecurity in U.S.–Mexico border colonias, and suggests value in additional focused research in this specific context to address health challenges. Preliminary health data indicates that due to water insecurity, colonia residents are more likely to contract gastrointestinal diseases, be exposed to carcinogenic compounds from contaminated water, and experience psychosocial distress. These widespread health issues in colonias are exacerbated by historical and ongoing socioenvironmental injustices in the U.S.–Mexico border region and their relation to the poor health outcomes. HIGHLIGHTS Highlights significant water and sanitation health issues in the U.S.–Mexico border region.; Explores the developing field of research on disadvantaged rural communities in the Global North.; Comprises the first scoping review of physical and psychosocial health issues related to water and sanitation insecurity.;

Se analiza la condición de la población de Acropora palmata en cuatro crestas de arrecife del Parque Nacional Jardines de la Reina (PNJR), por ser una de las especies más representativas del área protegida. El monitoreo se realizó en febrero de 2017 y los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos en febrero de 2016. Para ello se tuvo en cuenta la densidad lineal, el diámetro promedio, el porcentaje de muerte antigua, de muerte reciente y de cobertura de coral vivo como indicadores ecológicos. En cada sitio se ubicaron 20 transectos de 10 m de largo. Se analizaron un total de 345 colonias entre ambos años. El sitio La Puntica mostró diferencias significativas. Se produjo una disminución de la cobertura de coral vivo y un aumento del porcentaje de muerte antigua en 2017, con respecto a 2016. Las causas de tales diferencias pudieran estar relacionadas con factores tanto de origen natural, principalmente meteorológicos, como antrópicos. Estos resultados deben tenerse en cuenta para establecer una estrategia de conservación para colonias de A. palmata y enriquecer así el plan de manejo del PNJR.

Introduction: We assessed selected nutritional indicators in Mexican-origin children in two low-income, rural colonias in New Mexico on the U.S.–Mexico border. These children are at higher risk for obesity and other chronic diseases linked to poor nutrition in childhood, but little is known about their diets. Method: We surveyed mothers of 202 children 6 to 10 years old about sociodemographic characteristics, family and child attitudes and behaviors, and the child's diet. We compared diet with dietary recommendations and used regression trees to identify significant predictors of recommended intake. Results: Among families, 89.1% participated in Medicaid, and 52.5% participated in a Supplemental Nutrition Program. More children met recommendations for fruit (36.1%) than vegetables (1.5%). Greater vegetable intake was associated with a child's not thinking healthy food tasted bad, greater family activity, and younger maternal age. Only 5.0% of children met the recommendation for <10% of energy from added sugar, with the average child consuming 2.4 times that from sugar-sweetened beverages and snacks. Lower sugar intake was associated with less screen time, not having TV on during meals, and playing team sports. Family access to healthy food and child use of mobile food vendors, vending and convenience stores were not predictive of diet. Conclusion: Hispanic children in border colonias have poor diets that put them at risk for obesity and numerous chronic diseases. Addressing this problem will require changing family norms and attitudes toward healthy food, screen time behavior, and physical activity levels within families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

U.S. border colonias are peri-urban settlements along the U.S.–Mexico border. Residents often face substandard housing, inadequate septic and sewer systems, and unsafe or inadequate household water. As of 2015, an estimated 30% of over 5 million U.S. colonia residents lacked access to clean drinking water, suggesting health complications. This scoping review identifies a very limited existing set of research on water and sanitation insecurity in U.S.–Mexico border colonias, and suggests value in additional focused research in this specific context to address health challenges. Preliminary health data indicates that due to water insecurity, colonia residents are more likely to contract gastrointestinal diseases, be exposed to carcinogenic compounds from contaminated water, and experience psychosocial distress. These widespread health issues in colonias are exacerbated by historical and ongoing socioenvironmental injustices in the U.S.–Mexico border region and their relation to the poor health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Equity is a major goal in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. However, although extensive research demonstrates the connections between race/class and heightened vulnerability to disasters, few examine or name the mechanisms responsible for this correlation. Such mechanisms are referred to as procedural vulnerabilities or historical and ongoing power relations that lead to inequitable outcomes. We interrogate the role of procedural vulnerabilities in generating inequitable recovery by analyzing LUPE et al. v. FEMA (B:08-cv-487 [2008]). This legal case emerged from the experiences of colonia residents in the Río Grande Valley of South Texas following Hurricane Dolly in 2008. From this case, we found that, first, the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) unclear definitions of deferred maintenance and insufficient damages negatively affected low-income households. Second, even with clear definitions, post-disaster recovery and reconstruction outcomes would remain inequitable due to historic patterns of disinvestment in the colonias. From this case, two key implications for planners emerge. First, planners must acknowledge the historic concerns facing low-income communities of color that lead to inequitable outcomes in FEMA funding. Unincorporated communities of color are less likely to be able to access strong environmental planning, placing them at higher risk of disaster. Second, local stigma surrounding communities can greatly influence the efficacy of post-disaster reconstruction and recovery by predetermining who is or is not "deserving" of assistance. Engaging local histories of racism and prejudice is key to addressing and redressing these inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the U.S.-Mexico border region, an estimated 134,419 people live in United States colonias that lack access to water and/or sewer services. This article draws from ethnographic field research in one such Mexican-American community, where attempts by residents to move "decision-makers" to connect their community to water have for decades met a shifting resistance. Attention to water-infrastructure arguments at local, state, and federal levels reveals that this resistance ushers from bureaucracy and a deeply entrenched neoliberal logic. Access to basic water and sewer services is subordinated to strict ranking criteria, infrastructural rules and regulations, and funding metrics such as cost-per-connection. In response, residents have raised a counter-discourse, emphasizing their human dignity, needs, and basic rights to water. Thus, this article exposes a central tension in the political ecology of water: the neoliberal thinking that undergirds infrastructural violence in the "hydrosocial waterscape", and the strategies by which residents attempt to mobilize, to fight, and to push back.

La apicultura en México se sostiene con subespecies de abejas (Apis mellifera L) europeas y africanizadas. Debido a la dificultad en la diferenciación morfológica de las poblaciones Europeas (E) y Africanizadas (A) de A. mellifera, el objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un análisis comparativo entre la técnica morfométrica FABIS, contra el diagnóstico empleando el polimorfismo en la longitud de los fragmentos de restricción (RFLP) del ADN mitocondrial (ADNmt). Se emplearon muestras de abejas procedentes de 135 colonias comerciales (CC), 15 colonias pie de cría (CPC) y 3 colonias silvestres (CS) localizados en diferentes municipios del estado de Tabasco (N=153). Ambos métodos de diagnóstico, identificaron a las CPC como europeas y las CS como africanizadas, pero en las CC el método FABIS no pudo definir 9 colonias, dándolas como sospechosas (S) y otras 50 no coincidieron con el resultado del método molecular, por lo que, en total ambos métodos coincidieron en 94 identificaciones (61.44 %). El agrupamiento bayesiano basado en el análisis de las doce variables morfométricas mostró que las categorías A-CC y E-CC, forman un grupo cercano a la categoría E-CPC; mientras que la categoría A-CS presentó la mayor distancia formando un grupo aislado. Por lo tanto, abejas de CC tienen características morfométricas tendientes a abejas E-CPC. Este trabajo también pretende ser una contribución a la falta de registros sobre la africanización en el estado de Tabasco. Se recomienda emplear el método molecular para discriminar entre abejas E/A, por no estar afectado por los factores ambientales.

Em perspectiva historiográfica e comparativa, o artigo analisa as reformas borbônicas e pombalinas. Essas intervenções se originaram das disputas entre as monarquias europeias e alteraram o pacto entre os reis e seus súbitos ultramarinos. Provocaram ainda revoltas comandadas por diversos setores da sociedade, mas essas reações diferiram bastante nas Américas. Reformas e revoltas elevaram as pressões econômicas e políticas no ultramar e tornaram mais nítidos os conflitos sociais. Antes pouco empregado, o termo “colônia” tornou-se mais usual e fundamental para entender os vínculos entre as monarquias e as possessões ultramarinas. Além de produzir em larga escala matérias-primas, as colônias destacaram-se pela mestiçagem e conflitos raciais.

[Display omitted] • Lacking water service draws families into household water insecurity nexus. • Household water insecurity influences household budgets, health, time, and stress. • Ethnographic portraits explore water-insecurity nexus in US-Mexico border colonias. • Developing toward water security expands human capabilities, basic right to water. This article contributes to the growing body of research examining the complex experiences of water insecurity in low-income households in the global north. I present a schematic, and evidence to support it, for a household water-insecurity nexus in U.S-Mexico border colonias , according to which water insecurity brings forth, influences, and interacts with a number of household burdens. Drawing from eight months of field research in communities that lack connections to piped water and sewerage, I rely on ethnographic portraiture to demonstrate how water insecurity at the household level exacerbates an array of hardships experienced by low-income families. These hardships relate to household budgets, health, time, and stress. In conversation with other qualitative case studies presented in the fields of geography, anthropology, and sociology, I argue that household water insecurity is both patterned, in that it influences many hardships beyond just quality and supply, and particular, in that each site experiences hardships that are unique to contexts such as culture, geography, and ecology. I contend that a comprehensive view of water insecurity's many negative ramifications within low-income households strengthens arguments for the basic human right to water, making them more urgent, and bringing them into sharper relief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La participación de tropas de origen hispano en el ejército romano fue frecuente a lo largo del Alto Imperio. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo el estudio de aquellos militares reclutados en las colonias romanas de la Hispania Citerior que fallecieron lejos de las mismas durante su periodo de servicio activo o bien tras recibir la honesta missio y decidir instalarse como veterani en su lugar de destino.

La documentación epigráfica permite conocer la existencia en época imperial de una intensa movilidad geográfica protagonizada por individuos de origen hispano. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo principal la recopilación y estudio de la información epigráfica relativa a los movimientos emigratorios que tuvieron como origen las colonias romanas de la Bética y como destino las provincias no hispanas del Imperio. El análisis de las causas de estos desplazamientos conforma el núcleo de este trabajo y nos ha permitido establecer tres grandes grupos de emigrantes. El primero y más numeroso está conformado por los miembros del ejército; el segundo por aquellos individuos cuyo desplazamiento estuvo motivado por causas económicas y laborales; el tercero agrupa un conjunto heterogéneo de inscripciones que no permiten determinar con certeza las causas que motivaron la movilidad de sus protagonistas.

Este artigo pretende indagar sobre a forma como o Estado Novo manejou nas colónias a comemoração do Duplo Centenário da Fundação e da Restauração da Independência de Portugal, amplamente solenizada em 1940. Num primeiro momento, o artigo sonda os arranjos formais dessa operação comemorativa, assim como os diversos entendimentos conexos produzidos. A segunda parte escrutina as diferentes feições da discursividade comemorativa aplicada nas colónias. A hipótese deste estudo pode ser enunciada simplesmente assim: em contexto de dominação colonial e imperial, as comemorações históricas elucidam muito mais sobre o colonialismo e o regime político que o administra do que sobre a memória dos eventos que as próprias comemorações evocam.

Objetiva-se uma análise comparativa das experiências de escolarização primária entre imigrantes eslavos e peninsulares itálicos que se estabeleceram no Paraná a partir da última quinzena do século 19. Ao lançar um olhar panorâmico sobre o processo de colonização estrangeira no Estado, destacam-se as iniciativas dos imigrantes para a criação de diferentes tipos de escolas elementares. Com o intuito de compreender as singularidades dessas iniciativas, a presente proposta insere-se na perspectiva da história cultural. O estudo oferece uma reflexão sobre as possibilidades de escrever uma história da escola no contexto da imigração paranaense. Visa compreender a escola como um lugar de cultura e a sua institucionalização como um processo eminente de disputas e embates políticos.

The participation of soldiers of Hispanic origin in the Roman army was frequent during the High Empire. This article analyses the mobility of those military men recruited in the colonies of Lusitania who died far from them during their either service or after receiving the honesta missio and deciding to settle as veterans in their destination.

The territory of the province of Jaén has given us the current state of research a set of toponyms older relatable directly and unequivocally with the existing Roman cities during the Late Roman Republic and the Principate affected for the different processes of promotion and the formation under municipal authority.

I compare the course of the two anthropologies in the west of the Iberian Peninsula since the end of World War I, with attention to the singularities of the Portuguese case, which are absent in Galicia. If the persistence of colonial interests conditioned the development of the discipline in Portugal in much of the last century, today, a growing interest in the archive of the old Portuguese "Empire" differentiates the two anthropologies. These two learned traditions had indeed parallel routes, despite meetings of theirs protagonists, some of which are mentioned in the notes here organized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several Texas communities along the Mexican border, including the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV), are home to low-income Hispanic populations, many of whom live in underserved communities known as colonias. These areas have high incidences of neurocognitive disorders, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD); health care strategies that are culturally and linguistically appropriate for the area are needed. We aim to build capacity to reduce risk, facilitate treatment, and provide caregiver support for affected individuals. However, gaining trust of communities and presenting information about research studies in a way that is culturally appropriate is critical for engagement of underserved communities. This brief report examines our work with local community health workers.(CHWs), promotores in Spanish, to establish contact with, engage, mobilize, and educate the Hispanic communities of the LGRV. Lessons from the succesful experience of training promotores in autism spectrum disorder in the LRGV highlight the importance of specifically addressing outreach in health fairs, clinic vists and referral as well as adequate selection, training, management, and support of the promotores as critical aspects. To initiate and sustain recruitment of older adults and care partners in research studies of AD and other dementias in the RGV, we have incorporated these aspects as components of the promotores training and engagement model, which has been developed and implemented by researchers and their colleagues at the School of Medicine at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TST - Transportes, Servicios y Telecomunicaciones is the property of Asociacion Iberica de Historia Ferroviaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Caribbean Ornithology is the property of Society for the Conservation & Study of Caribbean Birds and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se analiza la condición de la población de Acropora palmata en cuatro crestas de arrecife del Parque Nacional Jardines de la Reina (PNJR), por ser una de las especies más representativas del área protegida. El monitoreo se realizó en febrero de 2017 y los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos en febrero de 2016. Para ello se tuvo en cuenta la densidad lineal, el diámetro promedio, el porcentaje de muerte antigua, de muerte reciente y de cobertura de coral vivo como indicadores ecológicos. En cada sitio se ubicaron 20 transectos de 10 m de largo. Se analizaron un total de 345 colonias entre ambos años. El sitio La Puntica mostró diferencias significativas. Se produjo una disminución de la cobertura de coral vivo y un aumento del porcentaje de muerte antigua en 2017, con respecto a 2016. Las causas de tales diferencias pudieran estar relacionadas con factores tanto de origen natural, principalmente meteorológicos, como antrópicos. Estos resultados deben tenerse en cuenta para establecer una estrategia de conservación para colonias de A. palmata y enriquecer así el plan de manejo del PNJR. ABSTRACT The conditions of the populations of Acropora palmata in four reef crests of the Jardines de la Reina National Park (PNJR) are studied, as it is one of the most representative species of the protected area. Monitoring was done in February 2017 and the results were compared with those obtained in February 2016. Linear density, average diameter, percentages of old death, recent death and of live coral cover, were taken into account as ecological indicators. 20 transects (10 m long) were placed in each site. A total of 345 colonies were analyzed. La Puntica site showed significant differences: a decrease in living coral cover and an increase in the percentage of old death in 2017, compared to 2016. The cause of these differences could be related to both natural (meteorological) and anthropogenic factors. These results should be taken into account to establish a conservation strategy for A. palmata, thus enriching the management plan of the PNJR.

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women of all ethnicities. Though the disease is not a primary concern within male populations male perceptions and beliefs of breast cancer screening may contribute to a partner's or loved one's decision to engage in regular mammograms or clinical breast examinations. The current study seeks to explore a comparative analysis of breast cancer knowledge, beliefs, susceptibility, and barriers to female breast cancer and breast cancer screening among Hispanic men and women residing in the Colonias of South Texas. Using a multistage systematic sampling design, 2,812 men and women were surveyed from the two South Texas Counties; Maverick and Val Verde. Individuals between the ages of 20 and 75 (n = 2360) were included in the analysis. T-tests and linear regression models were used to examine gender differences in, knowledge, beliefs, susceptibility, and barriers to breast cancer and breast cancer screening. Significant differences were found between males and females across all measures. Regression analysis demonstrates Hispanic women hold more favorable beliefs about breast cancer and early detection, display higher perceived barriers to clinical breast examinations and mammography, and view themselves more susceptible to the development of breast cancer than their male counterparts. Results framed within a cultural context suggest outreach efforts within South Texas Colonias should consider inclusion of male family members in efforts to increase favorable views toward and engagement in regular breast cancer screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intro: The US border between Texas and Mexico has a growing population of Mexican-origin children that are at high risk for obesity and have a lack of physical activity opportunities, resources, and environmental infrastructure. The purpose of this research was to explore children's perspectives of their physical activity behaviors through in-depth interviews. Methods: Five children (ages: 7–11) were recruited to participate and describe facilitators, barriers, and current and desired physical activities. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, harmoniously coded, and analyzed for content. Results: The most common physical activity type was football for boys, jump rope for girls, and general play activities for all. Having friends as social supporters and ability to be active at school were physical activity facilitators for all children; enjoyment was identified for boys and having general play activities for girls. Lack of equipment at home was a barrier identified by all children; homework was identified by boys and lack of social support from siblings for girls. All children desired to do more activities with friends. Girls wanted to visit the park more, where boys wanted more equipment to begin new activities. Discussion: Gender differences are common and have previously been attributed to societal norms. Desired physical activity consisted of longing to participate in more of their current activities involving contact sports for boys and general play for girls. Interviews conducted in neutral settings can allow for natural, unrestricted responses from children. New activities should be introduced to expand desired activity and subsequently increase physical activity within these populations. Significance: What is already known about the subject?: Social, economic, and geographic risk factors combined with a lack of access to physical activity resources and opportunities predispose children within the colonias of the Texas border to have elevated risk for childhood obesity. Additionally, these children face many barriers to establishing and maintaining nationally recommended physical activity levels. What this study adds: Asking children their perspective regarding physical activity is useful in gaining insight into current and desired behavior. Children's responses to questions regarding facilitators and barriers for physical activity behavior may be used to inform priority areas for health promotion initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this work a Bacillus strain with capacity to produce biosurfactants was isolated from commercial corn steep water (CSW). The identification of this bacterium was based on phenotypic characteristics. This is a Gram-positive Bacillus, macroscopically catalase-negative, that possesses high mobility and forms terminal endospore. The colonies formed by the isolated Bacillus strain are characterized by a creaming, dull and glistening phenotype with a small point-like elevation in the center. Regarding its antimicrobial activity, the isolated Bacillus strain was effective against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus observing, in the presence of pathogenic strains, a phenotype dissociation, switching the colonies from a whitish to yellowish pigmentation. The isolated microorganism, contrarily to other Bacillus strains, has the ability to produce extracellular and cell-bound biosurfactants. The analyses revealed that both biosurfactant extracts are similar to the lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by Bacillus subtilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The epigraphic documentation allows us to know the existence in imperial time of an intense geographic mobility carried out by people of Hispanic origin. The main objective of the present work is the collection and study of epigraphic information about migratory movements that originated in the Roman colonies of Betica and that they had as destination the non-Hispanic provinces of the Empire. The analysis of the causes of this mobility forms the core of this work and has allowed us to establish three large groups of emigrants. The first and most numerous is made up of the members of the army; the second by those individuals whose displacement was motivated by economic and labor causes; the third groups a heterogeneous group of inscriptions that do not allow to determine with certainty the causes that motivated the displacements of their protagonists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study goes beyond previous studies of Latino immigration, employment in agriculture and related conditions to examine the transformation of whole communities into “colonias” and the impact of Latino concentration on California’s rural areas. Over 140 communities are studies with over 25 facts collected on each community covering Census information on population and socio-economic conditions. The study uses simple regression and cross-sectional analysis to consider whether “colonias” are experiencing possible “underclass” conditions and/ or “exploitation” of rural Latinos and farm workers. On the other hand, the study also examines the possibility that Latinos are developing the positive enclave conditions of self-employment and private business activities in places where they are the majority. In general, we find that colonias are becoming impoverished communities of largely Spanish-speaking laborers and that the challenges facing colonos (the residents of “colonias”) are dim, offering few prospects for youth. We do not find many signs of “ethnic-economy enclaves,” wherein Latinos become more self-employed and develop local business, nor do we find positive fiscal conditions in “colonias” as compared to other rural communities where Latinos are in the minority. Colonias are growing in number and in their dependence on rural employment. They are places in need of much more research and analysis in order to address emerging issues for nineties.

En las últimas décadas, la población reproductora de cigüeña blanca Ciconia ciconia L., 1758 en Navarra ha aumentado exponencialmente. La abundancia de comida predecible en vertederos, que proporcionan uno de los recursos tróficos más utilizados por la especie, parece haber tenido influencia tanto a nivel demográfico como en la distribución espacio-temporal en el conjunto de la península ibérica. Con el objetivo de estudiar los patrones de dispersión, movimientos y usos del hábitat de la población de cigüeñas en Navarra, durante el periodo 2012-2015 se anillaron 243 pollos en 9 colonias de cría del sur de Navarra. De todos ellos, el 16% de los individuos (n = 37) fue observado con posterioridad, tanto vivos y en buen estado (i.e., avistamientos) como muertos (i.e., recuperaciones, en su mayoría por electrocución). Todos los avistamientos, excepto tres, se realizaron en vertederos (n = 64), en donde el esfuerzo de muestreo fue considerablemente mayor. Dos avistamientos correspondieron a cigüeñas observadas en humedales, así como otro ejemplar que se observó dos años después en la colonia donde nació (i.e., reclutamiento). La distancia promedio de avistamiento en relación a la colonia de anillamiento fue de 48 km (distancia máxima, 410 km). La mayoría de avistamientos/recuperaciones se realizó durante la primavera y verano, con independencia de la edad. Todas las aves que se hallaron muertas (n = 7) fueron jóvenes encontrados en la proximidad de sus colonias de nacimiento.

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar las opiniones de Bartolomé de las Casas sobre la esclavitud a lo largo de su vida. Si durante más de treinta años Las Casas se mostró a favor de la importación de esclavos, esto se debía a su deseo de impedir la injusta servidumbre que les fue impuesta a los indios americanos por los colonos españoles en América, lo cual se explica por su deseo de hacer viable económicamente las colonias en ultramar de España. No obstante, al final de su vida Las Casas reconoce su error y hace una crítica a todas las formas de esclavitud. Esto implicará estudiar su concepto de libertad y sus fuentes.

AbstractThe establishment of new pinniped colonies is a consequence of complex dynamics in which some colonies may transform from haul-outs into breeding sites. The aim of this article was to estimate the abundance of Otaria flavescens and Arctocephalus australis at two poorly known sites of Uruguay, the easternmost “Isla Verde-Islote Coronilla” (IV-IC) and the westernmost “Las Pipas” (LP). From June 2008 to June 2009 count from boats were conducted at LP, and aerial censuses at Isla Verde. At LP both pinniped species were recorded, and the abundance was maximum in July with a total of 202 animals.O. flavescens was present throughout the year, mainly adult males, while A. australis was only observed from June to October. LP is defined as a haul-out structure used as resting area, especially for O. flavescens. At IV-IC between 225 and 521 O. flavescens were recorded. The number of animals increased in Spring and Summer. Females were the most abundant category and pups were recorded in March. According to the age structure and the presence of pups, we propose it would have and incipient reproductive activity. This colony should be monitored in relation with its category as a marine protected area.