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Abstract Fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQs-R) microorganisms causing infectious complications after ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate (TRUS-BP) have become an important challenge in healthcare settings globally, questioning the continued utility of FQ as the preferred prophylactic agent. This study aimed to characterize molecular mechanisms of resistance on FQs-R E. coli isolated from the enteric microbiota of patients undergoing (TRUS-BP) and to highlight their impact on Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs). From February 2016 to December 2018, the incidence of rectal carriage of Qs-FQs resistant Enterobacterales detected from rectal swabs of patients before undergoing (TRUS-BP) was 61.06% (80/131) all related to E. coli species. Based on the MICs range of Qs (24–256 mg/L) and FQs (0.24–128 mg/L) breakpoint by EUCAST, we categorized these E. coli isolates into three resistance profiles (I, II, and III) associated with the patterns of chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC and the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance encoding genes (PMQRs) detected by PCR-based assay and sequencing; MICs increase in an escalation step according to the co-occurrence of multiple molecular mechanisms. The mutation of the gyrA gene was the most frequent on codons (Ser83Leu/Thr/Tyr/Trp and Asp87Asn); mutation on the parC gene was the least on codons (Ser80Iso/Leu and Glu84 Val/Gly/Lys). PMQRs genes (4 qnrB ,7 qnrS, and one aac(6’)-Ib-cr) were determined within 15% of the isolates. Allelic variation allows us to report earliest the qnrB81 determinant in an E. coli isolate. Among isolates (35%) belonged to the notorious ST131 lineage. The phylogenetic group showed a predominance of B2 group (51, 25%), however (PFGE) revealed a high level of clonal variability. Worrying incidence of FQs-R E. coli isolates in the rectal flora of our local population showed the potential to cause post-infection. FQ resistance is a complex interplay between mutations in the QRDRs and PMQR determinants that impact MICs. The importance of intestinal microbiota as a reservoir of resistant strains and pandemic clones encourages driving mitigation challenges to characterize molecular mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance to adapt prophylactic therapy, control infection, and ensure epidemiological monitoring.

Purpose: Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) represents the persistent absence of sperm in ejaculate without obstruction, stemming from diverse disease processes. This survey explores global practices in NOA diagnosis, comparing them with guidelines and offering expert recommendations. Materials and Methods:Materials and Methods: A 56-item questionnaire survey on NOA diagnosis and management was conducted globally from July to September 2022. This paper focuses on part 1, evaluating NOA diagnosis. Data from 367 participants across 49 coun-tries were analyzed descriptively, with a Delphi process used for expert recommendations. Results:Results: Of 336 eligible responses, most participants were experienced attending physicians (70.93%). To diagnose azoosper-mia definitively, 81.7% requested two semen samples. Commonly ordered hormone tests included serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (97.0%), total testosterone (92.9%), and luteinizing hormone (86.9%). Genetic testing was requested by 66.6%, with karyotype analysis (86.2%) and Y chromosome microdeletions (88.3%) prevalent. Diagnostic testicular biopsy, distinguishing obstructive azoospermia (OA) from NOA, was not performed by 45.1%, while 34.6% did it selectively. Differ-entiation relied on physical examination (76.1%), serum hormone profiles (69.6%), and semen tests (68.1%). Expectations of finding sperm surgically were higher in men with normal FSH, larger testes, and a history of sperm in ejaculate. Conclusions:Conclusions: This expert survey, encompassing 367 participants from 49 countries, unveils congruence with recommended guidelines in NOA diagnosis. However, noteworthy disparities in practices suggest a need for evidence-based, international consensus guidelines to standardize NOA evaluation, addressing existing gaps in professional recommendations.

Introduction Pediatric meningiomas are rare tumors originating from the meninges’ arachnoid cap cells, representing a small fraction of all meningiomas. The clinical presentation of pediatric meningiomas varies widely depending on their location within the central nervous system. We report a case of pediatric spinal meningioma revealed by gait disturbance. We emphasize clinical and imaging features, as well as therapeutic management of spinal meningiomas. Case presentation We present the case of a 15-year-old boy with a one-year history of chronic thoracic back pain, worsening gait disturbances, and difficulty walking. Neurological examination revealed a spastic gait with increased muscle tone and bilateral pyramidal syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a posterior intradural extramedullary mass at the T6-T7 level, causing dorsal spinal cord compression. The patient underwent complete resection of the tumor, and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a WHO grade I psammomatous spinal meningioma. Conclusion This case highlights the clinical and imaging characteristics of spinal meningiomas in pediatric patients. MRI remains the gold standard for diagnostic imaging, effectively narrowing down differential diagnoses. However, a definitive diagnosis requires histological examination. The primary therapeutic approach for pediatric meningiomas is surgical resection.

Purpose: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to study the impact of varicocele repair in the largest cohort of infertile males with clinical varicocele by including all available studies, with no language restrictions, comparing intra-person conventional semen parameters before and after the repair of varicoceles. Materials and Methods: The meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA-P and MOOSE guidelines. A systematic search was performed in Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Eligible studies were selected according to the PICOS model (Population: infertile male patients with clinical varicocele; Intervention: varicocele repair; Comparison: intraperson before-after varicocele repair; Outcome: conventional semen parameters; Study type: randomized controlled trials [RCTs], observational and case-control studies). Results: Out of 1,632 screened abstracts, 351 articles (23 RCTs, 292 observational, and 36 case-control studies) were included in the quantitative analysis. The before-and-after analysis showed significant improvements in all semen parameters after varicocele repair (except sperm vitality); semen volume: standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.203, 95% CI: 0.129–0.278; p

Essential oil (EO) extraction is a widespread practice generating huge amounts of solid plant by-products a potential source of bioactive compounds, on the one hand, and a detrimental risk for the environment that needs to be carefully considered on the other hand. The present study aims to valorize Myrtus communis L. leaf by-products obtained following EO extraction using a steam distillation unit through the recovery of phenolic compounds and the evaluation of their biological activities. The total phenols, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins contents of the ethanolic extract by-product were higher than the control (leaves without extraction of EO). Their amounts increased from 69.30 to 88.06 mg GAE/g for total phenols, from 36.31 to 70.97 mg QE for flavonoids and from 19.74 to 21.49 mg CE/g of extract for proanthocyanidins. The identification of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid-chromatography equipped with a reversed-phase (RP-HPLC) system revealed that the by-product sample includes more gallic acid, catechin, syringic acid and luteolin 7-O-glucoside but less p-coumaric acid and kaempferol than the control. Moreover, the mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) showed the presence of benzene ring characteristic of phenolic compounds at 756 cm−1, esters of aromatic acids and stretching vibrations of polyphenols at 1141–1234 cm−1, C=C stretching present in phenolic acids such as coumaric acid and catechin at 1604 cm−1. The assessment of antioxidant activity revealed that the ABTS+• radical scavenging activity was significantly increased, whereas the DPPH• radical inhibition activity and the ferric reduction antioxidant power were significantly decreased. The results indicated, as well, that Myrtus communis L. leaf by-products maintained a considerable antibacterial activity depending on the tested bacterial strain. Additionally, the anti-α-amylase activity was higher for the Myrtus communis L. leaf by-product extract. Therefore, Myrtus communis L. leaf by-products of EO extraction offer phenolic compounds with significant biological activities, contributing to the sustainable development and the promotion of circular economy by the recovery of valuable inputs from plant by-products.

Introduction Military personnel can face unique risks and challenges to their mental health. High-stress situations, prolonged absences, and difficulty adjusting to civilian life can affect their mental health and hence develop psychiatric disorders , particularly major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-traumatic stress disorder( PTSD). That’s why searching for involved factors that could have an impact on these mental disorders or help predict them is crucial in the military population. Objectives Our objectives were to describe the epidemiological profile of military patients followed in the psychiatric department of the military hospital of Tunis (MHT) and to identify the risk factors associated to psychiatric disorders in this population. Methods This was a retrospective study conducted over a period of 4 weeks , in the psychiatry department of the MHT. We included in our study patients drawn at random at the outpatient clinics, all psychiatric disorders included. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of the patients as well as the risk factors with the SPSS software 26.0. Results One hundred military patients were included in our study. The mean age of the patients was 38.74(±9.73) years, 93% of them were male, 86% had a high school education, 71% belonged to middle socioeconomic category, and 59% lived in the military barracks. The mean duration of service was 17.68(±9.22) years. Active military members were assigned to weapons jobs (45%), administrative (15%), technical (24%), transportation (8%), and health (6%) specialities.We found that MDD was the main psychiatric disorder found in 64% of the patients with a mean severity of 76.9%. Besides , administrative specialities were the most frequent source of MDD (73.3%), while transportation posts were the most common cause of the PTSD (12.5%). And finally weapons specialties were the most likely to cause adjustment disorders (13.3%). In addition, we found that a long military service duration was associated with a chronic evolution of all the mental disorders (p :0.002). Conclusions The army is mostly affected by major depressive disorder . The position occupied by the patient seems to play a role in the type of the disorder . The seniority in the military service would be a risk factor for chronicity of the mental disorder. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Although the distribution of pronominal clitics in Old Catalan has been described in general terms (Fischer 2002; Batllori et al. 2005), there are no quantitative studies detailing the frequency of preverbal or postverbal clitics nor their diachronic evolution. The clitics appearing with verbs in the future and conditional tense (FC) are worth a separate mention, since these forms originate from periphrastic structures that involve an infinitive and the auxiliary verb habere, and which could appear as an analytic (dir-li he) or a synthetic form (li diré or diré-li). This paper describes the general clitic positioning and the one encountered with FC in order to verify the claim that they display parallel distributions, using a text from the 13th century, to wit Llibre dels Fets. This article analyses the pragmatic-syntactic environments in which the clitic are found, as well as the degree of grammaticalization and univerbation of the FC. Following previous work (e.g., Bouzouita & Sentí 2022), it is argued that the FC in Catalan appear to exhibit a more advanced degree of grammaticalization than the western languages of the Iberian Peninsula.