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SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (no. CGL 2015-63648-P) to M.B. D.G.-M. was funded by IdEx University of Bordeaux Investments for the Future programme (no. ANR-10-IDEX-03-02) and the European Commission’s Research Infrastructure Action via the Synthesys Projects (nos. SE-TAF-6406, DE-TAF-6404, BE-TAF-5639). Financial support for M.H. was provided by the Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 31003A_176319/1) and the Mäxi Foundation. A.G.-O. received support from the Spanish FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación-AEI (project no. PGC2018-093925-B-C33) and Research Group (no. IT1418-19) from Eusko Jaurlaritza-Gobierno Vasco. A.G.-O. is funded by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (no. RYC-2017-22558)., The tall and narrow body shape of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved via changes in the thorax, pelvis and limbs. It is debated, however, whether these modifications first evolved together in African Homo erectus, or whether H. erectus had a more primitive body shape that was distinct from both the more ape-like Australopithecus species and H. sapiens. Here we present the first quantitative three-dimensional reconstruction of the thorax of the juvenile H. erectus skeleton, KNM-WT 15000, from Nariokotome, Kenya, along with its estimated adult rib cage, for comparison with H. sapiens and the Kebara 2 Neanderthal. Our three-dimensional reconstruction demonstrates a short, mediolaterally wide and anteroposteriorly deep thorax in KNM-WT 15000 that differs considerably from the much shallower thorax of H. sapiens, pointing to a recent evolutionary origin of fully modern human body shape. The large respiratory capacity of KNM-WT 15000 is compatible with the relatively stocky, more primitive, body shape of H. erectus., Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This paper presents an updated view on the morphological and functional significance of the human respiratory system in the context of human evolutionary anatomy. While usually the respiratory system is treated either from a craniofacial perspective, mostly in the context of nasal evolution and air-conditioning, or from a postcranial perspective featuring on overall thoracic shape changes, here we pursue a holistic perspective on the form, function, integration, and evolutionary change of the entire organismal system in hominins. We first present a brief review of the most important morphological structures, their function, and its potential integration and interaction with the nasal cavity and thoracic skeleton. This is followed by an overview of the most important improvements in methods for the comparative study in recent humans and fossil hominins. We then overview and list a compendium of hominin fossil material currently available for the study. We propose four functional categories of hominin respiratory system configurations that differ potentially with respect to size, shape, biomechanics and/or bioenergetics. Finally, we discuss these and speculate on possible ways for future research into an anatomical system that, despite its under-investigated status, is central to the understanding of the form and functions of the hominin organism and its paleobiology., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This study investigates the contribution of external trunk morphology and posture to running performance in an evolutionary framework. It has been proposed that the evolution from primitive to derived features of torso shape involved changes from a mediolaterally wider into a narrower, and antero-posteriorly deeper into a shallower, more lightly built external trunk configuration, possibly in relation to habitat-related changes in locomotor and running behaviour. In this context we produced experimental data to address the hypothesis that medio-laterally narrow and antero-posteriorly shallow torso morphologies favour endurance running capacities. We used 3D geometric morphometrics to relate external 3D trunk shape of trained, young male volunteers (N = 27) to variation in running velocities during different workloads determined at 45–50%, 70% and 85% of heart rate reserve (HRR) and maximum velocity. Below 85% HRR no relationship existed between torso shape and running velocity. However, at 85% HRR and, more clearly, at maximum velocity, we found highly statistically significant relations between external torso shape and running performance. Among all trained subjects those with a relatively narrow, flat torso, a small thoracic kyphosis and a more pronounced lumbar lordosis achieved significantly higher running velocities. These results support the hypothesis that external trunk morphology relates to running performance. Low thoracic kyphosis with a flatter ribcage may affect positively respiratory biomechanics, while increased lordosis affects trunk posture and may be beneficial for lower limb biomechanics related to leg return. Assuming that running workload at 45–50% HRR occurs within aerobic metabolism, our results may imply that external torso shape is unrelated to the evolution of endurance running performance., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This paper presents a proof of concept in the study of human respiratory motion from a palaeoanthropological approach. The hybrid methodology proposed merges Motion Capture techniques (optoelectronic plethysmography) with 3D geometric morphometrics of the superior torso surface during incremental running exercise. Results reveal the importance of the expiratory phase during high-intensity exercise breathing and arouse a discussion about the structure and function of the respiratory system in human evolution., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Devenue incontournable en santé, la collaboration interprofessionnelle conditionne la qualité des soins prodigués aux patients. Dès lors, le développement des compétences collaboratives s’impose dans les programmes de formation des soignants. Dans le contexte de pandémie, un dispositif de formation à l’interprofessionnalisme a été conçu et adapté par une équipe pluridisciplinaire impliquant trois professions de santé :kinésithérapie, ostéopathie et médecine. Le dispositif place les étudiants en situation d’apprentissage actif et collaboratif visant la co-construction de connaissances sur les rôles des professionnels et l’expérimentation de l’interdépendance professionnelle.Le dispositif prévoit plusieurs activités synchrones et asynchrones :une analyse individuelle de trois consultations filmées d’un patient avec chaque professionnel; une analyse comparative des rôles professionnels en groupe pluridisciplinaire; la co-construction d’un cas clinique illustrant la complémentarité des soins.La cohérence interne du dispositif a été évaluée à partir de l’analyse des productions de groupes et les résultats des questionnaires d’évaluation complétés par les étudiants. L’analyse des données quantitatives et qualitatives révèle des indices qui permettent de penser que le dispositif contribue efficacement au développement de connaissances partagées sur les rôles de chaque professionnel. En revanche, certains obstacles persistent dans le développement d’une perspective commune et interdisciplinaire des soins prodigués par les trois professionnels à un patient. Malgré un taux de satisfaction important, le distanciel est décrit par les étudiants comme un frein à la participation active. La mise en perspective des résultats a permis de dégager des pistes de régulation réalistes au niveau des supports d’apprentissage, des tâches et des consignes. Des évolutions ont été imaginées pour améliorer la cohérence des activités et l’évaluation du dispositif., – EnInterprofessional collaboration has become essential in healthcare and is a prerequisite for the quality of care provided to patients. Consequently, the development of collaborative skills is an essential part of healthcare providers' training programs. In the context of the pandemic, an interprofessional learning device was designed and adapted by a multidisciplinary team involving three health professions: physical therapy, osteopathy and medicine. The device puts students in an active and collaborative learning situation aimed at the co-construction of knowledge on the roles of professionals and the experimentation of professional interdependence.The learning device includes several synchronous and asynchronous activities: an individual analysis of three filmed consultations of a patient with each professional; a comparative analysis of professional roles in a multidisciplinary group; and the co-construction of a clinical case illustrating complementary care.The internal coherence of the system was evaluated, based on the analysis of group productions and the results of the evaluation forms completed by the students.The analysis of quantitative and qualitative data revealed that the system contributes effectively to the development of shared knowledge about the roles of each professional. On the other hand, some obstacles persist in the development of a common and interdisciplinary perspective of the care provided by the three professionals to a patient. Despite a high satisfaction rate, the distance learning process was described by the students as a constraint to active participation.Putting the results into perspective allowed us to identify realistic actions to regulate the device in terms of learning materials, tasks and instructions. Developments have been thought up to improve the coherence of the activities and the evaluation of the system., info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Purpose: Semitendinosus and gracilis muscles whose tendons are used in surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament maintain their contractile ability, but the peak torque angle of hamstring muscles shifted to a shallow angle postoperatively. The goal was to quantify the influence of the myofascial structures on instantaneous moment arms of knee muscles to attempt explaining the above-mentioned post-surgical observations. Methods: Hamstring harvesting procedures were performed by a senior orthopaedic surgeon on seven lower limbs from fresh-frozen specimens. Femoro-tibial kinematics and tendons excursion were simultaneously recorded at each step of the surgery. Results: No significant difference was demonstrated for instantaneous moment arm of gracilis during anterior cruciate ligament surgery (84% of the maximum intact values; P ≥ 0.05). The first significant semitendinosus moment arm decrease was observed after tendon harvesting (61% of the maximum intact values; p ≤ 0.005). After hamstring harvesting, the maximum and minimum moment arm (both gracilis and semi tendinosus) shifted to a shallow angle and 90°, respectively. Conclusion: Moment arm modifications by paratenons and the loose connective tissue release are essential to understand the peak torque obtained to a shallow angle. Level of evidence: Basic science study, biomechanics., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The tall and narrow body shape of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) evolved via changes in the thorax, pelvis and limbs. It is debated, however, whether these modifications first evolved together in African Homo erectus, or whether H. erectus had a more primitive body shape that was distinct from both the more ape-like Australopithecus species and H. sapiens. Here we present the first quantitative three-dimensional reconstruction of the thorax of the juvenile H. erectus skeleton, KNM-WT 15000, from Nariokotome, Kenya, along with its estimated adult rib cage, for comparison with H. sapiens and the Kebara 2 Neanderthal. Our three-dimensional reconstruction demonstrates a short, mediolaterally wide and anteroposteriorly deep thorax in KNM-WT 15000 that differs considerably from the much shallower thorax of H. sapiens, pointing to a recent evolutionary origin of fully modern human body shape. The large respiratory capacity of KNM-WT 15000 is compatible with the relatively stocky, more primitive, body shape of H. erectus.

Various studies have examined morphometric features of the vertebrae to understand the functional aspects of the spine. Geometric analysis of vertebral zygapophyseal facets has also been related to functional and clinical aspects of the spine, but no quantitative investigation of the costotransverse joint facet is found in the literature. The costal facet geometry may partly determine the mechanical interaction between the rib cage and spine for trunk stabilization during functional tasks and during breathing. Therefore, the present study proposes a method for estimating the 3D geometric features of the costal facets of the first 10 thoracic vertebrae (Th1–Th10). Series of landmarks (95 ± 43) were placed on 258 costal facets from a sample of 14 asymptomatic individuals to determine their 3D location and orientation. The relative location of the costal facet was used to investigate symmetry and asymmetry components of the overall vertebrae shape variation among thoracic levels using 3D geometric morphometric methods. Results showed significant variation in sagittal orientation (inclination angle) between levels with a gradual cephalic orientation in the lower levels. No significant difference was observed on transverse orientation (declination angle). The shape of the costal facet was flatter at Th1 and from Th5 to Th10 and more concave from Th2 to Th4. An average difference of 7° between right and left facet orientation in both sagittal and transverse plane was demonstrated. Asymmetry of costal facet relative location was also detected and significantly influenced by the thoracic level. Nevertheless, location and orientation of the costal facets seem to be independent features of vertebrae morphology.

Spinal manipulative techniques are commonly used in manual therapies but quantified descriptive and reliability data are lacking considering supine thoracic thrust manipulation., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This study aimed to investigate both foot arch-shaped architecture and forefoot kinematics during gait. Using a dedicated three-compartment forefoot subdivision, we studied asymptomatic subjects and quantified disorders related to the metatarsal arch. Foot motion and arch shape were measured in 30 healthy subjects with a motion-capture system and force plates. Kinematic results were expressed using a novel model, which anatomically divides the forefoot into three parts. This model integrated the medial longitudinal arch angle and the metatarsal arch height and width. During the first part of stance phase, the medial longitudinal arch flattens and all foot segments move toward dorsiflexion. During terminal stance and preswing phase, medial longitudinal and metatarsal arch restoration was noted with plantarflexion of all segments, an eversion and abduction of the medial forefoot, and an inversion and adduction of the lateral forefoot. Kinematics obtained with the proposed forefoot model corroborates metatarsal arch restoration in late stance. This observation supports the fact that foot architecture is supple until midstance and subsequently creates a rigid lever arm with restored arches to support propulsion. This study’s results and methods highlight the potential of the three-compartment model for use in clinical decision-making., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This study analyses rib geometric parameters of individual ribs of 14 modern human subjects (7 males and 7 females) in comparison to the reconstructed ribs of the Kebara 2 skeleton which was taken from the reconstruction of a Neandertal thorax by Sawyer & Maley (2005). Three-dimensional (3D) models were segmented from CT scans and each rib vertex cloud was placed into a local coordinate system defined from the rib principal axes. Rib clouds were then analysed using best fitting ellipses of the external contours of the cross-section areas. The centroid of each ellipse was then used to measure the centroidal pathway between each slice (rib midline). Curvature of the ribs was measured from the mid-line of the ribs as the sum of angles between successive centroids in adjacent cross sections. Distinct common patterns were noted in all rib geometric parameters for modern humans. The Kebara 2 reconstructed ribs also followed the same patterns. This study demonstrated that there are differences between the sexes in rib geometrical parameters, with females showing smaller rib width, chord length and arc length, but greater curvature (rib torsion, rib axial curvature, rib anterior-posterior bending) than males. The Kebara 2 reconstructed ribs were within the modern human range for the majority of geometrical parameters., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Several clinical applications rely on accurate guiding information when drilling along the femoral neck (e.g. pin insertion in case of neck fracture). Currently, applications rely on real-time X-ray imaging, which results in irradiation issues for the surgeon conducting the operation. The goal of this paper was to develop an X-ray-free method that would allow for a pathway to be drilled between the lateral aspect of the femoral diaphysis (the so-called piercing point), the femoral neck and the head centres. The method is based on on-the-fly computational predictions relying on a biomechanical database that includes morphological data related to the femoral neck and head and various palpable anatomical landmarks located on the pelvis and the femoral bone. From the spatial location of the anatomical landmarks, scalable multiple regressions allow for the prediction of the most optimal drilling pathway. The method has been entirely validated using in vitro experiments that reproduce surgical conditions. Further, a surgical ancillary prototype that integrates the method of guiding the pin drilling has been developed and used during in vitro and in situ validation using nine hip joints. Pin insertion was controlled after drilling using medical imaging and show successful result for each of the nine trials. The mean accuracy of the estimated hip joint centre and neck orientation was 6.0 ± 2.8mm and 7.1 ± 3.8°, respectively., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

IntroductionLes amplitudes de mouvements du rachis cervical peuvent être modifiées en fonction de la vitesse d’exécution des taches réalisées (1). Cela peut aussi influencer la coordination lombo-pelvienne chez le sujet sains (2). Cependant, aucune étude n’a analysé l’effet de la vitesse d’exécution au niveau du rachis lombo-pelvien chez des patients ayant bénéficié d’une intervention chirurgicale du rachis.Matériel et méthodesQuarante-deux sujets asymptomatiques et 20 patients opérés par arthrodèse de la colonne lombaire ont été inclus dans l’étude. En complément de divers marqueurs anatomiques, deux clusters ont été placés au niveau du bassin et au niveau de la charnière thoracolombaire. La cinématique des clusters a été calculée lors de mouvements de flexion/extension, inclinaisons latérales et rotations lors de mouvements réalisés selon deux vitesses d’exécution :préférentielle (BEST) et rapide (FAST).RésultatsChez les sujets sains, la vitesse d’exécution a une influence seulement sur les amplitudes de rotation. Chez les sujets arthrodésés, les amplitudes de mouvement sont significativement supérieures lors de la modalité FAST, ceci dans les trois plans. En comparaison avec les sujets sains, lors de la modalité BEST, les sujets arthrodésés ont une limitation significative des amplitudes de l’ordre de 51 % en flexion-extension, 53 % en inclinaisons latérales et 67 % en rotation. Lors de la modalité FAST, les sujets arthrodésés présentent des amplitudes limitées seulement en flexion/extension.Discussion–conclusionLes résultats préliminaires montrent l’intérêt d’évaluer la cinématique et la coordination lombo-pelvienne selon des modalités d’exécution différentes. En effet, les différences significatives d’amplitudes dans les trois plans sont observées seulement lors d’une tâche réalisée à vitesse préférentielle. Cependant, les résultats doivent être pris avec précaution. En effet, les classes d’âge des deux échantillons diffèrent. La taille de l’échantillon de suje, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Breathing is a vital phenomenon that implies synergy of various anatomical structures that constitute the thorax. Joint physiology remains a relatively poorly-known component of the overall thorax physiology. Quantitative literature related to in vivo thorax kinematics during breathing is scarce. The present work focuses specifically on developing and applying a methodology to reach this goal. The developed method combined processing of CT data obtained at different lung volumes and infographic techniques. Detailed ranges of motion (ROMs) and axes of movement (mean helical axes, MHAs) were obtained at costovertebral joints in 12 asymptomatic subjects; rib ROMs gradually decrease with increasing rib number; lung volume and rib level have a significant influence on rib ROM; MHAs did not differ between rib levels. In addition, the method was applied on a sample of 10 patients with cystic fibrosis. The pathological condition significantly influenced CVJ ROMs while the orientation of the MHAs did not differ. Finally, the sternal displacement, sternal angle variations and sternocostal joints (SCJ at rib1 to 7) kinematics during breathing motion were analyzed. Rib ranges of motion relative to sternum decreased with increasing rib number similarly to CVJ. Orientation of the MHAs did not differ between SCJ levels. A significant linear correlation was demonstrated between sternum vertical displacement and rib ranges of motion at both CVJ and SCJ. The present work substantially contributes to 3D modelling of human thorax in breathing at a joint level both qualitatively and quantitatively., Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine), info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This study investigates the relationship between the motion of the first ten costovertebral joints (CVJ) and lung volume over the inspiratory capacity (IC) using detailed kinematic analysis in a sample of 12 asymptomatic subjects. Retrospective codified spiral-CT data obtained at total lung capacity (TLC), middle of inspiratory capacity (MIC) and at functional residual capacity (FRC) were analysed. CVJ 3D kinematics were processed using previously-published methods. We tested the influence of the side, CVJ level and lung volume on CVJ kinematics. In addition, the correlations between anthropologic/pulmonary variables and CVJ kinematics were analysed. No linear correlation was found between lung volumes and CVJ kinematics. Major findings concerning 3D kinematics can be summarized as follows: 1) Ranges-of-motion decrease gradually with increasing CVJ level; 2) rib displacements are significantly reduced at lung volumes above the MIC and do not differ between CVJ levels; 3) the axes of rotation of the ribs are similarly oriented for all CVJ levels., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published