432 results on '"B. Viswanathan"'
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2. Synthesis and Characterization of Thermally Stable Mesoporous Titania
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Ch. Subrahmanyam, S. Shanmugam, B. Viswanathan, and T.K. Varadarajan
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
A new synthetic approach was followed for the preparation of mesoporous titania, where polyethylene glycol-400, a water soluble polymer was employed as hydrolysis retarding agent. Mesoporous titania was characterized by low angle XRD, N2 adsorption, transmission electron microscope and thermal analysis, which confirm the formation of mesophase and also the thermal stability of the prepared material.
- Published
- 2008
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3. Polyoxometalate Based Organic-Inorganice Nanocomposites
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S. Shanmugam, B. Viswanathan, and T.K. Varadarajan
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The organic-inorganic nanocomposites were synthesized by sol-gel techniques. The constructed film renders photochromism, which can be tuned by choosing suitable polyoxometalates (POM). The molybdenum POMs show better photochromism than the tungsten POMs, which is well correlated with the first reduction potentials and band gap of the POM.
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- 2004
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4. Hydrogenation of Substituted Fullerenes – a DFT Study
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K. Muthukumar, M. Sankaran, and B. Viswanathan
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Hydrogen storage by carbon materials is a topic of current interest. In order to exploit fullerenes as one of the new forms of carbon for hydrogen storage, it is shown that an activator for hydrogen is necessary in the fullerene network. Even though one can generate stoichiometric hydrides the formation of such hydrides have to be established. In this present study we have examined what type of species on carbon surfaces may be able to activate hydrogen molecule and lead to hydride formation. The Density Functional Theory calculations have been carried out on some typical model systems wherein the fullerene molecule is substituted in the network with heteroatoms like N, P and S and the reduction in the dissociation energy of hydrogen molecule is considered as a measure of the ability to hydride the carbon materials. On the basis of the reduction in the dissociation energy for the hydrogen molecule it was shown that heteroatom substitution in the fullerene net work may be suitable for the activation and dissociation of hydrogen molecule.
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- 2004
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5. Mesoporous V-AlPO – New Partial Oxidation Catalyst
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Ch. Subrahmanyam, B. Viswanathan, and T.K. Varadarajan
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Vanadium incorporated hexagonal mesoporous aluminophosphate characteristic of MCM-41 has been synthesized. Characterization of the catalyst has been done by using low angle XRD, N2 adsorption, UVVIS DRS, thermal analysis, XPS and ESR spectroscopy. These techniques confirm the presence of vanadium in both +4 and +5 oxidation states in the calcined material. Liquid phase partial oxidation of toluene has been carried out on V-AlPO using 70% TBHP and 30% H2O2 as oxidants. When 70% TBHP is used as an oxidant, it resulted in side chain oxidation giving rise to aldehyde/acid where as with 30% H2O2, side chain as well as ring oxidation takes place. Catalytic activity of V-AlPO has been compared with that of VMCM-48 and other vanadium containing catalytic systems. It has been observed that mesoporous V-AlPO shows higher conversion and is also selective towards side chain oxidation products. The higher conversion of V-AlPO over V-MCM-48 has been attributed to the stabilization of the active V+5/+4 species in AlPO framework as compared to silicate analogue.
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- 2002
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6. Carbon Nanotubes Generated from Polyphenyl Acetylene
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B. Rajesh, S. Karthikeyan, J-M Bonard, K. Ravindranathan Thampi, and B. Viswanathan
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The carbonization of polyphenyl acetylene in alumina matrix yields uniform, cylindrical, monodisperse carbon nanotubes with outer diameter almost equal to pore diameter of the alumina membrane used. The electrochemical characteristics reveal that the charge transfer at the composite electrode based on carbon nanotube might be higher compared to that of planar graphite, glassy carbon and composite electrode based on commercially available Vulcan XC72R carbon. Pt-Ru nanoparticles are highly dispersed inside the tube with an average particle size of 1.7 nm as revealed by HR-TEM images.
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- 2001
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7. Hydroxylation of Phenol over M-MCM-48
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Ch. Subrahmanyam, B. Louis, B. Viswanathan, A. Renken, and T.K. Varadarajan
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of M-MCM-48 (M= Si, Ti, V, Cr and Mn) materials have been carried out. These systems promote hydroxylation of phenol with 30 % H2O2 and the hydroxylation activity is highest for Ti-MCM-48. Water appears to be a better solvent than acetone and acetonitrile.
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- 2001
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8. μ-(2,6-Bis{[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]iminomethyl}-4-methylphenolato)-μ-hydroxido-bis[(thiocyanato-κN)copper(II)]
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M. G. Meera, P. Kamatchi Selvaraj, B. Viswanathan, and V. Ramkumar
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Crystallography ,QD901-999 - Abstract
In the title compound, [Cu2(C19H31N4O)(OH)(NCS)2], the molecular structure of the dinuclear complex reveals two pentacoordinated CuII ions, which are bridged by the phenolate O atom of the ligand and by an exogenous hydroxide ion. The bridging atoms occupy equatorial positions in the coordination sphere of the metal atoms and complete the equatorial coordination planes with two ligand N atoms, the apical positions being occupied by thiocyanate N atoms. The crystal structure also features π–π stacking interactions involving the benzene rings with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.764 (4)Å. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin, with a refined BASF value of 0.203 (2)
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- 2013
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9. On the Possibility of Mo Substitution in Mesoporous Materials - Cluster Model Calculations
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Rohit Kumar Rana and B. Viswanathan
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Scattered Wave SCF-Xa calculations were carried out on various Mo-containing cluster models in order to find out the possibility of molybdenum incorporation in a zeolitic framework, containing ring systems as secondary building units. Four and six membered ring clusters were found to stabilize molybdenum in their framework compared to that by linear chain models. Comparison of relative stabilization energies for corner and edge shared MoO4 moiety favoured the formation of the former one. Calculated HOMO-LUMO electronic transition for tetrahedrally coordinated molybdenum in Mo-containing ring clusters showed a shift of 15 nm from that in Mo-containing linear chain clusters. These results were compared with the experimental results obtained from UV-DRS studies on Mo-MCM-41 catalyst.
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- 2000
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10. Catalytic Oxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Sulphides by Heteropoly Metalates
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B. Viswanathan and B. Athilakshmi
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Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Oxidising behaviour of both simple and substituted heteropoly compounds was investigated under homogeneous conditions in the presence of H2O2 and t-BuOOH with organic sulphides and alkyl benzenes as substrates. Activity of these catalysts depends on the nature of the substrates used as well as the oxidisingВ agent employed. The mechanistic aspects of the reaction are also elucidated.
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- 2000
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11. Nitrogen Incorporation in TiO2: Does It Make a Visible Light Photo-Active Material?
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B. Viswanathan and K. R. Krishanmurthy
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Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 - Abstract
The possibility of hydrogen production by photo-catalytic decomposition of water on titania has provided the incentive for intense research. Titania is the preferred semiconductor for this process, in spite of its large band gap (~3.2 eV) that restricts its utility only in the UV region. Various sensitization methodologies have been adopted to make titania to be active in the visible region. Doping of TiO2 with nitrogen is one such method. The purpose of this presentation is to examine the state and location of nitrogen introduced in TiO2 lattice and how far the shift of optical response to visible radiation can be beneficial for the observed photo-catalysis. The specific aspects that are discussed in this article are: (i) N-doped titania surface adopts a non-native configuration, though the bulk material is still in the native configuration of pure TiO2 (ii) Though the nitrogen doped materials showed optical response in the visible region, the changes/improvements in photo-catalytic activity are only marginal in most of the cases. (iii) The exact chemical nature/state of the introduced nitrogen, and its location in titania lattice, substitutional and/or interstitial, is still unclear (iv) Is there a limit to the incorporation of nitrogen in the lattice of TiO2?
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- 2012
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12. Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Polyalthia longifolia Leaf Extract along with D-Sorbitol: Study of Antibacterial Activity
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S. Kaviya, J. Santhanalakshmi, and B. Viswanathan
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Technology (General) ,T1-995 - Abstract
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Polyalthia longifolia leaf extract as reducing and capping agent along with D-sorbitol used to increase the stability of the nanoparticles has been reported. The reaction is carried out at two different concentrations (10−3 M and 10−4 M) of silver nitrate, and the effect of temperature on the synthesis of AgNPs is investigated by stirring at room temperature (25°C) and at 60°C. The UV-visible spectra of NPs showed a blue shift with increasing temperature at both concentrations. FT-IR analysis shows that the biomoites played an important role in the reduction of Ag+ ions and the growth of AgNPs. TEM results were utilized for the determination of the size and morphology of nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles are found to be highly toxic against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria.
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- 2011
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13. Investigating the interactions of endornaviruses with each other and with other viruses in common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris
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Thomas J. Brine, Satish B. Viswanathan, Alex M. Murphy, Adrienne E. Pate, Francis O. Wamonje, and John P. Carr
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Persistent virus ,Viral mutualism ,Viral synergy ,Viral cross-protection ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Plant viruses of the genus Alphaendornavirus are transmitted solely via seed and pollen and generally cause no apparent disease. It has been conjectured that certain plant endornaviruses may confer advantages on their hosts through improved performance (e.g., seed yield) or resilience to abiotic or biotic insult. We recently characterised nine common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties that harboured either Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus (PvEV1) alone, or PvEV1 in combination with PvEV2 or PvEV1 in combination with PvEV2 and PvEV3. Here, we investigated the interactions of these endornaviruses with each other, and with three infectious pathogenic viruses: cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), and bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV). Results In lines harbouring PvEV1, PvEV1 and PvEV2, or PvEV1, PvEV2 plus PvEV3, the levels of PvEV1 and PvEV3 RNA were very similar between lines, although there were variations in PvEV2 RNA accumulation. In plants inoculated with infectious viruses, CMV, BCMV and BCMNV levels varied between lines, but this was most likely due to host genotype differences rather than to the presence or absence of endornaviruses. We tested the effects of endornaviruses on seed production and seedborne transmission of infectious pathogenic viruses but found no consistent relationship between the presence of endornaviruses and seed yield or protection from seedborne transmission of infectious pathogenic viruses. Conclusions It was concluded that endornaviruses do not interfere with each other’s accumulation. There appears to be no direct synergy or competition between infectious pathogenic viruses and endornaviruses, however, the effects of host genotype may obscure interactions between endornaviruses and infectious viruses. There is no consistent effect of endornaviruses on seed yield or susceptibility to seedborne transmission of other viruses.
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- 2023
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14. Underlying factors determining grain morphologies in high-strength titanium alloys processed by additive manufacturing
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Mohan S. K. K. Y. Nartu, Brian A. Welk, Srinivas A. Mantri, Nevin L. Taylor, Gopal B. Viswanathan, Narendra B. Dahotre, Rajarshi Banerjee, and Hamish L. Fraser
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Science - Abstract
Abstract In recent research, additions of solute to Ti and some Ti-based alloys have been employed to produce equiaxed microstructures when processing these materials using additive manufacturing. The present study develops a computational scheme for guiding the selection of such alloying additions, and the minimum amounts required, to effect the columnar to equiaxed microstructural transition. We put forward two physical mechanisms that may produce this transition; the first and more commonly discussed is based on growth restriction factors, and the second on the increased freezing range effected by the alloying addition coupled with the imposed rapid cooling rates associated with AM techniques. We show in the research described here, involving a number of model binary as well as complex multi-component Ti alloys, and the use of two different AM approaches, that the latter mechanism is more reliable regarding prediction of the grain morphology resulting from given solute additions.
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- 2023
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15. Design of 6-channel optical demultiplexer/coupler using photonic crystal for IFoF in 5G networks
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B, Viswanathan, A, Rajesh, C, Jeyalakshmi, S, Abinaya, J, Deepika, D, Dharini, and S, Gajasree
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- 2021
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16. Boron-Induced Cationic Vacancy on Copper Cobalt Oxide toward Formate Selectivity: New Insights into Methanol Oxidation Reaction
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Naveen Kumar T R, S. Kamalakannan, M. Prakash, B. Viswanathan, and B. Neppolian
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Materials Chemistry ,Electrochemistry ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering - Published
- 2022
17. Cytotoxic potential of bioactive seed proteins from Mallotus philippensis against various cancer cell lines
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Perumal Sathish kumar, M. B. Viswanathan, and Periasamy Sakthidhasan
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biology ,Chemistry ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Staining ,Biochemistry ,Apoptosis ,Cell culture ,Cytotoxic T cell ,MTT assay ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Fragmentation (cell biology) ,Mallotus philippensis ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Plant proteins can provide advantages as a mechanism for disease modification to facilitate the management and treatment wherein seed proteins have ribosome inactivating, antitumor, immunomodulatory and abortifacient therapeutic properties. The present study investigates the antiproliferative activity of seed crude proteins from Mallotus philippensis against A549, SW480 and MCF-7 cell lines. M. philippensis seed (100 g) was extracted and obtained 640 g crude protein. SDS-PAGE analysis helped to identify 10 protein bands in the crude protein and its precipitation with ammonium sulphate increased its weight by 2.25-fold measuring 1440 µg and contained 12 protein bands ranging from 14 to 60 kDa wherein some bands were of huge intensity. MTT assay recorded decrease in cell viability with IC50 value of 4.18 ± 1.09 µg to A549, 4.21 ± 0.93 µg to SW480 and 8.99 ± 1.52 µg to MCF-7 cells. Seed crude protein did not exhibit cytotoxic activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells but exhibited notable toxic effects against colon and lung cancer cells compared to breast cancer cells. AO/EtBr staining revealed morphological changes indicating fragmentation of nuclei, color of the nuclear chromatin and its degradation. Hoechst 33,258 staining showed apoptotic features of nuclear condensation, bright staining and fragmentation. The results conclude that M. philippensis seed protein possesses more potent antiproliferative activity against the tested cancer cell lines. At the outset, the positive results may open an avenue to identify a specific protein as anticancer drug in future.
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- 2021
18. Tensile Properties and Fracture Behavior of ATI 718Plus Alloy at Room and Elevated Temperatures
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Vijay K. Vasudevan, Seetha R. Mannava, Gopal B. Viswanathan, Micheal Kattoura, and Dong Qian
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Materials science ,Brittleness ,Mechanics of Materials ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Metallurgy ,Metals and Alloys ,Strain rate ,Intergranular corrosion ,Deformation (engineering) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Microstructure ,Ductility ,Embrittlement - Abstract
The effect of temperature over the range of ambient to 704 °C and strain rate from 10−4 to 10−2 s−1 on the tensile properties and fracture behavior of ATI 718Plus was investigated. The results showed that with increase in temperature at a strain rate 10−4 s−1, there is a small reduction in the yield strength, but a large drop in ductility at 704 °C. This reduction was accompanied by a change in fracture mode from ductile transgranular to brittle intergranular cracking. Detailed analysis of the microstructure and microchemistry of the areas around the crack using electron microscopy showed that the driving mechanism behind the failure at elevated temperatures and slow strain rates is oxygen-induced intergranular cracking, a dynamic embrittlement mechanism. In addition, the results suggest that the δ precipitates on the grain boundaries tend to oxidize and may facilitate the oxygen-induced intergranular cracking. Finally, an increase in strain rate at 704 °C caused a small increase in the yield strength and a huge increase in ductility. This increase in ductility was accompanied by a change in fracture mode from brittle-to-ductile failure. Possible mechanisms for the deformation, failure mechanisms, and strain rate dependence are discussed.
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- 2021
19. On the bcc/B2 interface structure in a refractory high entropy alloy
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Zachary T. Kloenne, Jean-Philippe Couzinié, Milan Heczko, Roman Gröger, Gopal B. Viswanathan, William A.T. Clark, and Hamish L. Fraser
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Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,General Materials Science ,Condensed Matter Physics - Published
- 2023
20. Titanium dioxide is Preferred for Photo-catalytic and PEC Applications: Why?
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Ramasamy Shanmugam and B viswanathan
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Titanium dioxide-based systems are the preferred photo-catalytic materials. Among this the commercial P25 has been consistently employed for Photo-catalytic and PEC applications. This system ( ~20% Rutile and ~80% anatase) possibly crystallizes in a core shell configuration and the relevance of this. patterning for the observed photo-catalytic or Photo-electrochemical (PEC) activity is examined.
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- 2022
21. Hiptage nayarii R.C. Srivast. (Family Malpighiaceae) – Rediscovery and Emended Description of an Endemic and Endangered Species from Kalakad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in India
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M. B., Viswanathan, primary, Rajasekar, C., additional, Sakthidhasan, P., additional, and Rajesh, R., additional
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- 2022
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22. Interface and colony boundary sliding as a deformation mechanism in a novel titanium alloy
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Michael H. Loretto, Stephen P. Fox, Gopal B. Viswanathan, Zachary Kloenne, and Hamish L. Fraser
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010302 applied physics ,High strain rate ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Alloy ,Metals and Alloys ,Titanium alloy ,02 engineering and technology ,Slip (materials science) ,engineering.material ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Deformation mechanism ,Mechanics of Materials ,0103 physical sciences ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
A deformation mechanism, rarely reported in Ti alloys, has been observed involving α/β interfacial and colony boundary sliding. This paper reports the initial characterization of this mechanism, involving a comparative study of the deformation behaviors of the new alloy (Ti–0.85Al–4.0V–0.25Fe–0.25Si–0.15O, in wt%) and an established α/β alloy. Both alloys exhibited slip steps on their surfaces. However, the new alloy may also deform by a mechanism which manifests itself as sliding at α/β interfaces and colony boundaries. This mechanism is consistent with the provision of significant ductility during very high strain rate testing, a property exhibited by the new alloy.
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- 2020
23. Self-accelerated corrosion of nuclear waste forms at material interfaces
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Jie Lian, Stéphane Gin, Tianshu Li, Gopal B. Viswanathan, Tiankai Yao, Gerald S. Frankel, John D. Vienna, Xiaolei Guo, Penghui Lei, Jincheng Du, Seong H. Kim, Daniel K. Schreiber, Hongshen Liu, Dien Ngo, and Joseph V. Ryan
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Waste management ,Mechanical Engineering ,Radioactive waste ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Solution chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Corrosion ,Mechanics of Materials ,visual_art ,Service life ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Environmental science ,General Materials Science ,Ceramic ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The US plan for high-level nuclear waste includes the immobilization of long-lived radionuclides in glass or ceramic waste forms in stainless-steel canisters for disposal in deep geological repositories. Here we report that, under simulated repository conditions, corrosion could be significantly accelerated at the interfaces of different barrier materials, which has not been considered in the current safety and performance assessment models. Severe localized corrosion was found at the interfaces between stainless steel and a model nuclear waste glass and between stainless steel and a ceramic waste form. The accelerated corrosion can be attributed to changes of solution chemistry and local acidity/alkalinity within a confined space, which significantly alter the corrosion of both the waste-form materials and the metallic canisters. The corrosion that is accelerated by the interface interaction between dissimilar materials could profoundly impact the service life of the nuclear waste packages, which, therefore, should be carefully considered when evaluating the performance of waste forms and their packages. Moreover, compatible barriers should be selected to further optimize the performance of the geological repository system. Immobilization of radionuclides in glass or ceramic forms in stainless steel in deep geological repositories is planned in the US for disposal of nuclear waste. Under simulated repository conditions, corrosion could be significantly accelerated at the interfaces of different barrier materials.
- Published
- 2020
24. Oxidation-Related Microstructural Changes at a Crack Tip in Waspaloy After Elevated-Temperature Dwell-Fatigue Testing
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Gopal B. Viswanathan, David E. Mills, and Michael J. Mills
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010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Metallurgy ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Metals and Alloys ,Oxide ,02 engineering and technology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Microstructure ,01 natural sciences ,Waspaloy ,Superalloy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Mechanics of Materials ,0103 physical sciences ,Scanning transmission electron microscopy ,Nano ,Grain boundary ,Spectroscopy ,021102 mining & metallurgy - Abstract
Using advanced aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with high-resolution energy-dispersive spectroscopy techniques, transitions to microstructure and composition occurring at a grain boundary (GB) crack-tip in Waspaloy after dwell-fatigue at 704 °C are characterized at the nano to atomic scale. The simple microstructure of this γ/γ′ superalloy, which enables elucidation of oxygen effect ahead of the oxide intrusion—dissolution of the precipitates fostering selective segregation of Al to the GB to form oxides—has been experimentally observed.
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- 2019
25. Creep Behavior of Compact γ′-γ″ Coprecipitation Strengthened IN718-Variant Superalloy
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Mills, Semanti Mukhopadhyay, Hariharan Sriram, Christopher H. Zenk, Richard DiDomizio, Andrew J. Detor, Robert W. Hayes, Gopal B. Viswanathan, Yunzhi Wang, and Michael J.
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superalloy ,IN718 ,creep ,microstructure ,compact ,coprecipitates ,ECCI ,grain boundary - Abstract
The development of high-temperature heavy-duty turbine disk materials is critical for improving the overall efficiency of combined cycle power plants. An alloy development strategy to this end involves superalloys strengthened by ‘compact’ γ′-γ″ coprecipitates. Compact morphology of coprecipitates consists of a cuboidal γ′ precipitate such that γ″ discs coat its six {001} faces. The present work is an attempt to investigate the microstructure and creep behavior of a fully aged alloy exhibiting compact coprecipitates. We conducted heat treatments, detailed microstructural characterization, and creep testing at 1200 °F (649 °C) on an IN718-variant alloy. Our results indicate that aged IN718-27 samples exhibit a relatively uniform distribution of compact coprecipitates, irrespective of the cooling rate. However, the alloy ruptured at low strains during creep tests at 1200 °F (649 °C). At 100 ksi (689 MPa) load, the alloy fails around 0.1% strain, and 75 ksi (517 MPa) loading causes rupture at 0.3% strain. We also report extensive intergranular failure in all the tested samples, which is attributed to cracking along grain boundary precipitates. The results suggest that while the compact coprecipitates are indeed thermally stable during thermomechanical processing, the microstructure of the alloy needs to be optimized for better creep strength and rupture life.
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- 2021
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26. Application of 2D Pit Growth Method to Mg Thin Films: Part II. Salt Film and Hydrogen Evolution
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Aline D. Gabbardo, Gopal B. Viswanathan, and Gerald S. Frankel
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Materials Chemistry ,Electrochemistry ,Salt (chemistry) ,Hydrogen evolution ,Thin film ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2019
27. A Comparative Study on the Substructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of TIMETAL® 407 and Ti-64
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Gopal B. Viswanathan, Zachary Kloenne, Matthew Thomas, M.H. Lorreto, and Hamish L. Fraser
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020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,Materials science ,0203 mechanical engineering ,021105 building & construction ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Substructure ,02 engineering and technology ,Composite material ,TA1-2040 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) - Abstract
Titanium and titanium alloys are excellent candidates for aerospace applications owing to their high strength to weight ratio. Alpha/beta titanium alloys are used in nearly all sections of the aircraft, including the fuselage, landing gear, and wing. Ti-6Al-4V is the workhorse alloy of the titanium industry, comprising of nearly 60% of total titanium production. TIMETAL® 407, Ti-0.85Al-3.9V-0.25Si-0.25Fe (Ti-407) is an excellent candidate for alloy applications requiring excellent machinability and increased energy absorption. These properties are a result of the alloy’s increased ductility while maintaining moderate levels of strength. In this study, the deformation mechanisms of Ti-407 have been studied at high strain rates using split-Hopkinson bar testing. Utilizing post-mortem characterization, Ti-407 has been shown to deform significantly by ⟨c+a⟩ slip and deformation twinning. The observation of ⟨c+a⟩ slip is in contrast with other studies and will be discussed further.
- Published
- 2020
28. Effect of Nb Alloying Addition on Local Phase Transformation at Microtwin Boundaries in Nickel-Based Superalloys
- Author
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Gopal B. Viswanathan, A. J. Egan, Sammy Tin, Timothy M. Smith, Maryam Ghazisaeidi, Michael J. Mills, and You Rao
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Superalloy ,Materials science ,Creep ,Superlattice ,Phase (matter) ,Scanning transmission electron microscopy ,Alloy ,engineering ,Crystallite ,engineering.material ,Composite material ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
This work investigates two nominally similar polycrystalline alloys, with a subtle difference in Nb content, intended to elucidate its effect on local phase transformation strengthening during high temperature creep. Tests were conducted at 750 °C and 600 MPa to target the creep regime dominated by superlattice intrinsic and extrinsic stacking faults, as well as microtwinning. Alloy A, with higher Nb and lower Al, was found to be superior in creep strength to Alloy B, with lower Nb and higher Al, as well as previously investigated ME3 and LSHR. Atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy found that this increased creep strength was due to a novel local phase transformation occurring along microtwin boundary interfaces as a result of the Nb increase. Complementary density functional theory calculations helped to confirm that this was χ phase formation. It is hypothesized that this transformation was the cause of the increased creep strength exhibited by Alloy A.
- Published
- 2020
29. List of contributors
- Author
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Antonino Salvatore Aricò, Vincenzo Baglio, Orazio Barbera, Santoshkumar D. Bhat, Prasenjit Bhunia, Jiamu Cao, Sudipta Chatterjee, Junyu Chen, Francesco Cipitì, Suparna Das, K. Divya, Kingshuk Dutta, Apostolos Enotiadis, Bing Fu, Mohamed A. Ghanem, Giosuè Giacoppo, M. Abdul Kader, M. Khairy, Kaustubh P. Kothekar, María Jesús Lázaro, Carmelo Lo Vecchio, Mohamed Mokhtar Mohamed, A. Nagendran, Gilbert Daniel Nessim, Isabella Nicotera, V. Raj, D. Rana, M. Sri Abirami Saraswathi, David Sebastián, Kushal Sengupta, Naveen K. Shrivastava, Avanish Shukla, Cataldo Simari, Shashikant B. Thombre, B. Viswanathan, Federico A. Viva, Feifan Wang, Yufeng Zhang, and Jing Zhou
- Published
- 2020
30. Tuning the scale of α precipitates in β-titanium alloys for achieving high strength
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J.M. Sosa, Talukder Alam, Rajarshi Banerjee, Gopal B. Viswanathan, Hamish L. Fraser, Deep Choudhuri, and S.A. Mantri
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010302 applied physics ,β titanium ,Materials science ,Annealing (metallurgy) ,Precipitation (chemistry) ,Mechanical Engineering ,Alloy ,Metals and Alloys ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Chemical engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,Metastability ,0103 physical sciences ,Ultimate tensile strength ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The strength of a commercial β‑titanium alloy was tuned by systematically controlling the size-scale of α precipitation via two-step heat treatments. While the first step annealing at 350 °C forms the precursor metastable ω phase, the subsequent annealing at 600 °C/1H resulted in fine-scale α precipitation. We find that annealing duration at 350 °C greatly impacts the α size-scale and, this consequently can be used to tune the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) from ~1 to 2 GPa. A combination of high volume-fraction of non-shearable super-refined α precipitates, coupled with their pyramidal arrangement, and a constrained β matrix leads to very high strength.
- Published
- 2018
31. Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes: An Overview
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B. Viswanathan
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Fuel Technology ,Materials science ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0210 nano-technology ,Photochemistry ,Photocatalytic degradation ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences - Published
- 2018
32. ISSR and ITS analyses to assess genetic diversity and phylogeny to conserve an endemic and critically endangered tree, Memecylon subcordatum, in India
- Author
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Chinnaiyan Rajasekar, Perumal Sathish Kumar, and M. B. Viswanathan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Genetic diversity ,Memecylon ,Melastomataceae ,Zoology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Gene flow ,Critically endangered ,Genetic variation ,Genetics ,Mantel test ,Clade ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Memecylon subcordatum (Melastomataceae) is an endemic and critically endangered species of the Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve in India. Twenty five inter-simple sequence repeat primers were used to screen 86 individuals. Nine primers produced a total of 61 bands (6.77 bands primer−1) ranging from 200 to 1900 bp wherein 48 bands were of polymorphic. Polymorphism was 78.69% within the species, 26.60% within the populations and 7.41%–48.15% among the populations. Genetic variation varied from 0.3069 (within species) to 0.1182 (within populations). The poor gene flow among the populations (Nm: 0.3133) could be due to the genetic barriers caused by the tributaries of Tambraparani river. The coefficient of genetic differentiation between the populations (GST) was 0.6148. The Bayesian analysis, multidimensional scaling analysis and principal coordinates analysis grouped all the 11 populations under 4 clades. The Mantel test showed significant correlation between the matrices of genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.652, P
- Published
- 2018
33. Detailed Investigation of Core–Shell Precipitates in a Cu-Containing High Entropy Alloy
- Author
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Bharat Gwalani, Talukder Alam, Gopal B. Viswanathan, Hamish L. Fraser, and Rajarshi Banerjee
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Alloy ,Configuration entropy ,General Engineering ,Intermetallic ,02 engineering and technology ,Atom probe ,engineering.material ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Enthalpy of mixing ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Solid solution strengthening ,Chemical engineering ,law ,Transmission electron microscopy ,Phase (matter) ,0103 physical sciences ,engineering ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Due to the competing influences of configurational entropy and enthalpy of mixing, in recent years, secondary (including intermetallic) phases have been reported in many high entropy alloy (HEA) systems. These secondary phases offer great potential in terms of strengthening the HEA beyond the solid solution strengthening effects, and as such are of great interest in regards to alloy design for engineering applications. The present research investigates novel nano-scale core–shell precipitates forming within the disordered bcc matrix phase of an Al2CrCuFeNi2 HEA, utilizing complementary high-resolution microscopy techniques of atom probe tomography (APT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The size, morphology, and local chemistry of these core–shell precipitates was measured by APT, and the composition was further corroborated by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy in an aberration-corrected TEM. Furthermore, high-resolution TEM imaging of the core–shell structure indicates that the Cu-rich core exhibits a bcc crystal structure.
- Published
- 2018
34. Determination of the structure of α-β interfaces in metastable β-Ti alloys
- Author
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Robert E.A. Williams, William A.T. Clark, Gopal B. Viswanathan, Hamish L. Fraser, and Yufeng Zheng
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Metals and Alloys ,Nucleation ,Close-packing of equal spheres ,Titanium alloy ,02 engineering and technology ,Crystal structure ,Cubic crystal system ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Crystallography ,Lattice (order) ,0103 physical sciences ,Scanning transmission electron microscopy ,Ceramics and Composites ,0210 nano-technology ,Burgers vector - Abstract
The crystallography and structure of the interfaces formed between refined hexagonal close packed (hcp) α precipitates and the body centered cubic (bcc) β matrix in a solution-treated and quenched metastable β titanium alloy, Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr (wt%, Ti-5553), were investigated after heating to 600 °C and subsequently aging for 0 and 30 min, respectively. The two phases adopted the classical Burgers orientation, and the observed interfacial structures were analyzed using a topological model, i.e. they contained disconnections, as well as β crystal lattice dislocations acting as a lattice invariant deformation (LID). The structure of the α/β interface was observed along two mutually perpendicular directions, in high angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Viewed along the [ 0001 ] α : [ 110 ] β directions, an array of disconnections was observed to accommodate the misfit between the α and β crystals. While the spacing of these disconnections varied, the step height associated with them was always twice the { 112 } β interplanar spacing, and their Burgers vector b was [ − 0.019 0.019 0.034 ] β . When the interface was viewed along the [ 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 20 ] α : [ 1 ¯ 11 ] β direction, in the sample aged for 0 min at 600 °C the misfit between the two lattices along [ 0001 ] α : [ 110 ] β was so small that no misfit or lattice invariant dislocations were observed within the field of view, in contrast with the interface structure reported in other more conventional titanium alloys. After aging the sample for 30 min, however, the interfacial structure equilibrated, and crystal lattice dislocations were observed on the terrace planes, accommodating the LID, with b = 1 2 [ 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 1 ¯ ] β . Growth of the α precipitates is shown to occur principally by the emission of disconnections from the tip of the existing α precipitates into the β matrix, and its resulting conversion to α. These results, combined with analysis using the topological model, show that the nucleation and growth of the hcp α phase from the bcc β matrix in this alloy can be described in terms of the motion of disconnections, accompanied by the displacive diffusion necessary to accommodate the differences in composition between the α and β phases.
- Published
- 2018
35. A reversible bistate joint nimply optical logic gate using photonic crystals
- Author
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N Nafisa, A Rajesh, and B Viswanathan
- Subjects
Materials science ,Optics ,business.industry ,Optical logic ,business ,Joint (geology) ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Photonic crystal - Abstract
In this work an optical reversible bistate joint NIMPLY (BJN) logic gate was designed using two-dimensional photonic crystals. The gate was designed using an asymmetrical waveguide with reference to a point defect introduced at the center of the structure. The desired logic functions were obtained in the forward and reverse state using the principle of interference of light. The defect rod radius and length of the waveguide using a line defect were chosen to introduce constructive and destructive interference of light. The BJN gate has a low footprint of 40.83 µm2 and the resonant wavelength was designed to be 1550 nm. The finite-difference time-domain method was used to attain the wave propagation and photonic bandgap for the proposed structure. The maximum contrast ratio of the reversible optical BJN gate in the forward and reverse states was found to be 25.11 dB and 24.86 dB, respectively.
- Published
- 2021
36. High temperature phase stability of the compositionally complex alloy AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr
- Author
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Kamalnath Kadirvel, Zachary Kloenne, Jean-Philippe Couzinié, Gopal B. Viswanathan, Hamish L. Fraser, and Yunzhi Wang
- Subjects
Spinodal ,Materials science ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Relative Volume ,Phase stability ,Phase (matter) ,Alloy ,engineering ,Thermodynamics ,engineering.material ,Microstructure - Abstract
Recently, a class of refractory high-entropy alloys has been developed with a refined microstructure consisting of an ordered B2 matrix with cuboidal BCC precipitates resembling an “inverted superalloy-like” microstructure. In this paper, we have studied the evolution of the duplex microstructure of AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr during aging at elevated temperatures, particularly with regard to the nature of the B2 and BCC phases. Samples were aged at 1000 °C for 6 h, followed by a water quench. It was found that while the relative volume fractions of the B2 and BCC phases remained nearly constant after ageing, compositional changes of both the B2 and BCC phases were determined. In the aged condition, there is evidence from high-resolution STEM HAADF imaging that suggests that the B2 phase in the aged condition may undergo a spinodal reaction, with the sub-lattice occupancies differing within the ordered precipitates. A change in size and shape of the BCC precipitates was also noted, and this was accompanied by a difference in the nature of the B2/BCC interfaces. Thus, a step-like B2/BCC interface is evidenced in the aged condition, in contrast with the planar {100} interfaces in the “superalloy-like” microstructure, likely adopted to accommodate a change in coherency resulting from an increase in misfit between the two phases from compositional changes occurring during the coarsening of the BCC precipitates.
- Published
- 2021
37. Micropropagation of an Important Medicinal Plant, Begonia fallax (Begoniaceae)
- Author
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Thiyagaraj Mini Shobi and M. B. Viswanathan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Micropropagation ,010608 biotechnology ,Botany ,Begonia ,Begoniaceae ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,010606 plant biology & botany - Published
- 2017
38. Optimizing image contrast of second phases in metal alloys
- Author
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Zachary Kloenne, Brian Welk, Benjamin M. Georgin, Gopal B. Viswanathan, and Hamish L. Fraser
- Subjects
Materials science ,Image quality ,Scanning electron microscope ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Sample (graphics) ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Metal ,Precipitation hardening ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Optoelectronics ,Contrast (vision) ,business ,Instrumentation ,Single crystal ,Voltage ,media_common - Abstract
Novel imaging strategies in the scanning electron microscope aimed at significantly improved image contrast of second phases in metal alloys are described. These include the use of low accelerating voltages, small working distances, and a novel detection system. Contrast is assessed as a function of voltage and optimized imaging conditions which result in much improved image quality are presented. These strategies are applied to two precipitation hardened Ni-base alloys, a cast single crystal and a hot isostatically pressed sample.
- Published
- 2021
39. Crack growth behavior of 725 in seawater under cathodic polarization
- Author
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Herman Amaya, Christopher D. Taylor, Gopal B. Viswanathan, Behrang Fahimi, and T. Ramgopal
- Subjects
Materials science ,020209 energy ,Mechanical Engineering ,Lüders band ,02 engineering and technology ,Strain rate ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Mechanics of Materials ,mental disorders ,Void (composites) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,General Materials Science ,Grain boundary ,Growth rate ,Dislocation ,Composite material ,0210 nano-technology ,Stress intensity factor ,Hydrogen embrittlement - Abstract
Hydrogen embrittlement behavior of four heats of alloy 725 (H1, H2, H3, and H4) were characterized by measuring the crack growth rate response over a range of cathodic potentials. Significant grain boundary precipitation in two heats (H1 and H3) may have contributed to higher susceptibility, as evidenced by higher values of crack growth rate. The crack growth rate increased with increasing twin fraction. The crack morphology exhibited evidence of intergranular as well as slip band cracking. The crack growth rate response of the two heats that were less susceptible (H2 and H4) were evaluated in more detail over a range of applied potentials and stress intensity factors. Evidence of nano void formation at the intersection of dislocation slip bands, and grain boundaries suggests that hydrogen stabilized vacancies may play a role in the crack growth mechanism. Crack growth rate exhibited a strong response with applied potential varying by as much as 100 times in the potential range of −1050mV SCE to −850mV SCE. Over the range of K values evaluated, the crack growth rate increased by a factor of 3to 30 with applied K depending on the applied potential. The crack growth rate was related to the water adsorption on fresh metal surfaces of alloy 725 in the anticipated crack tip conditions. A crack tip strain rate based approach was applied to model the measured crack growth response.
- Published
- 2021
40. Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Epidermal Glandular Extract of Cyclosorus parasiticus in Experimental Animals
- Author
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M. B. Viswanathan and Arumugame Chanemougame Tangavelou
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Pharmacology ,Test dose ,Traditional medicine ,medicine.drug_class ,Signs and symptoms ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Toxicology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Anti-inflammatory ,Acute toxicity ,Carrageenan ,Cyclosorus parasiticus ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,medicine ,Acetone - Abstract
The present study was designed to establish scientific evidence for the traditional claim on the use of fern Cyclosorus parasiticus in the treatment of rheumatism (inflammatory disease). Anti-inflammatory activity of the acetone extract of epidermal glands was tested by two models, viz., carrageenan and egg albumin-induced hind paw oedema. Before that, acute toxicity was performed following the OECD guidelines. No mortality was observed in experimental animals to the acetone extract at the test dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w. p.o. There were no signs and symptoms of toxicities. Hence, the extract was considered to be safe. The acetone extract of the epidermal glands showed dose-dependent activity against the development of oedema in experimental rats compared to the standards. The acetone extract significantly reduced the paw volume (*P
- Published
- 2017
41. Photo-catalytic or photo-synthetic routes for the decomposition of water – are they realizable dreams?
- Author
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B. Viswanathan
- Subjects
Photo catalytic ,Materials science ,Electrolysis of water ,Specialization (functional) ,Nanotechnology - Abstract
In a recent report of the ACS publications, there was a question on what is the most important unresolved problems in chemistry? The answer can be varied depending on the specialization one tends t...
- Published
- 2017
42. Reply to: How much does corrosion of nuclear waste matrices matter
- Author
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Seong H. Kim, Daniel K. Schreiber, Tianshu Li, Jie Lian, Penghui Lei, Joseph V. Ryan, Jincheng Du, John D. Vienna, Stéphane Gin, Hongshen Liu, Gopal B. Viswanathan, Xiaolei Guo, Dien Ngo, Gerald S. Frankel, and Tiankai Yao
- Subjects
Waste management ,Mechanics of Materials ,Mechanical Engineering ,Radioactive waste ,Environmental science ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Corrosion - Published
- 2020
43. Homogeneous of Family Dynamics and Heterogeneous of Cultural Values in Upamanyu Chatterjee's The Last Burden and Way to Go
- Author
-
B. Viswanathan
- Subjects
Homogeneous, Heterogeneous, Family, Culture, Tripartite-Generation - Abstract
This paper examines the essential ethos of classic values. There are many human values such as cultural, moral, spiritual and ethical values which are following by the Indians. It has been practicing from the traditional sanctity to the modern vicinity of life. The focus is the analysis of homogeneous of family dynamics and heterogeneous of cultural values in Upamanyu Chatterjee‘s The Last Burden and Way to Go. There is humongous information which can be excavated in Chatterjee‘s novels. He presents the myriad interconnection of family and culture in India. His novels seem to celebrate the cultural values which are attached to the Joint family system. Chatterjee portrays that the love of the family and culture is never ending through the character of dying Urmila and missing Shyamanand. His novels teach a lesson to other writers in the world how family as the major theme is treated in the literary works by the Indian writers. At the same time, his novels deal with the representation of Indian culture. The main objective of the paper is to delineate the multidimensional perspectives of family and cultural values in India. It describes theoretically and empirically through the narration of Jamun‘s family.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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44. WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF JATROPHA TANJORENSIS LEAVES
- Author
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Jesu Doss Jeya Ananthi, NataRajan Livingston Raja, M. B. Viswanathan, and Narayanan Venkateshan
- Subjects
Jatropha tanjorensis ,Animal model ,Traditional medicine ,NITROFURAZONE OINTMENT ,business.industry ,Incision wound ,Medicine ,Wound closure ,business ,Wound healing ,Excision wound - Abstract
Objective: The term “wound” is defined as a disruption of normal anatomical structure. Therefore, “healing” is the complex and dynamic process that results in the restoration of anatomical continuity and function. Methods: Albino Wistar rats (150-180 g) of both sexes were selected. The experiment of Wound Healing Activity by Excision Wound Model and Incision Wound Model by the simple ointment B.P., reference standard drug (0.2% w/w nitrofurazone ointment), stigmasterol ointment (0.2% w/w), hexane, chloroform and methanol extract ointments of 3%, 4% and 5% w/w of leaves in Jatropha tanjorensis in simple ointment base (where 3g, 4g and 5 g of the extracts was incorporated in 100 g of simple ointment separately). Results: The time for wound closure to methanol extract ointment (5% w/w) and stigmasterol (0.2% w/w) was similar to that of standard drug, nitrofurazone ointment (0.2% w/w) 16±2 days in Excision Wound Model. The significant tensile strength at 3%: 4%: 5% w/w methanol extract ointments (p
- Published
- 2018
45. Materials for Supercapacitor Applications
- Author
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M. Aulice Scibioh, B. Viswanathan, M. Aulice Scibioh, and B. Viswanathan
- Abstract
Materials for Supercapacitor Applications provides a snapshot of the present status of this rapidly growing field. It covers motivations, innovations, ongoing breakthroughs in research and development, innovative materials, impacts, and perspectives, as well as the challenges and technical barriers to identifying an ideal material for practical applications. This comprehensive reference by electro-chemists explains concepts in materials selection and their unique applications based on their electro-chemical properties. Chemists, chemical and electrical engineers, material scientists, and research scholars and students interested in energy will benefit from this overview of many important reference points in understanding the materials used in supercapacitors. Provides an overview of the formulation for new materials and how to characterize them for supercapacitor applications Describes all the information on the available materials for supercapacitor applications Outlines potential material characterization methods Discusses perspectives and future directions of the field
- Published
- 2020
46. Characterization of the interpass microstructure in low alloy steel/Alloy 625 HW-GTAW narrow groove welds
- Author
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Ryan Buntain, Boian T. Alexandrov, and Gopal B. Viswanathan
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Filler metal ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Gas tungsten arc welding ,Alloy steel ,Alloy ,Metallurgy ,02 engineering and technology ,Welding ,engineering.material ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Microstructure ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,Martensite ,0103 physical sciences ,engineering ,Weld pool ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
A dissimilar weld between a low alloy steel (LAS) butter weld joined to a F65 steel pipe using a narrow groove hot wire gas tungsten arc welding (HW-GTAW) procedure with Alloy 625 filler metal was investigated. The weld interpass microstructure is comprised of large swirls formed by a macrosegregation mechanism involving partial, non-uniform mixing of liquid base metal with the lower melting temperature weld pool, followed by fast solidification. This mechanism produces steep gradients in composition and solidification behavior. The resulting swirls are composed of alternating iron-rich peninsulas and partially mixed zones (PMXZ) that are surrounded by planar and cellular zones exhibiting multiple solidification directions. Large austenitic grains, encompassing planar, cellular, and dendritic morphologies, nucleate off peninsulas in direct contact with the weld pool. The highest hardness was found in nickel and chromium rich PMXZs that exhibited a lath martensite microstructure. In the event of exposure to hydrogen containing environments, the PMXZs could serve as nucleation sites for hydrogen assisted cracking.
- Published
- 2020
47. (Invited) Surface Analysis of Corrosion Products Built up at Interfaces of Different Nuclear Waste Forms in Near-Field Environment
- Author
-
Gopal B. Viswanathan, Gerald S. Frankel, Stéphane Gin, Jie Lian, Hongshen Liu, Joseph V. Ryan, Penghui Lei, Jincheng Du, Tiankai Yao, Seong H. Kim, Dien Ngo, John D. Vienna, Xiaolei Guo, Daniel K. Schreiber, and Tianshu Li
- Subjects
Surface (mathematics) ,Materials science ,Metallurgy ,Radioactive waste ,Near and far field ,Corrosion - Abstract
In this study, we applied a series of surface analysis techniques to explore the structure and chemistry of the corrosion products built up at the interface of different materials, which is relevant to the permanent disposal of world-wide high-level nuclear waste. Metallic alloys, amorphous glass, and crystalline ceramics are typical candidate nuclear waste forms planned for immobilizing and isolating the dangerous radionuclides enriched in the waste. The near-field corrosion interactions between these dissimilar materials are the focus of this study. The experiments were performed by corroding metallic alloys in intimate proximity to glass or ceramics in Cl--containing solutions at 90 oC. The exposed materials were subsequently subjected to comprehensive surface characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and Raman/infrared spectroscopy analysis. The systematic study revealed localized damage on the alloy surface due to crevice corrosion. Interestingly, localized corrosion was also identified on the surface of some glasses and ceramics that were present nearby, while an inhibition effect was observed in other systems. These interactions were found to strongly depend on the type of materials and environment, which led to different corrosion phenomena.
- Published
- 2020
48. Characterization and electrochemical assessment of Al-Zn-In alloy with trivalent chromium process coating
- Author
-
Fan Yang, Xi Wang, Gopal B. Viswanathan, Gerald S. Frankel, and Shan-Shan Wang
- Subjects
Primer (paint) ,Materials science ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Bilayer ,Alloy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Epoxy ,engineering.material ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Corrosion ,Chromium ,Coating ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,visual_art ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
To reduce self-corrosion of Al-Zn-In pigments in an Al-rich primer, trivalent chromium process (TCP) was applied to the pigments before mixing in the epoxy binder. The formation of TCP and its effects on both the Al-Zn-In bulk alloy and pigment particles were investigated in this study. The TCP layer on the Al-Zn-In alloy has a bilayer structure similar to TCP layers formed on other alloys. The corrosion rate of bulk Al-Zn-In alloy is reduced by the TCP treatment. The TCP layer likely blocks the access of Cl- to the Al-Zn-In alloy, which reduces corrosion attack initiation.
- Published
- 2020
49. High strain rate embossing with copper plate
- Author
-
Yuliang Wang, Glenn S. Daehn, Huimin Wang, Anupam Vivek, and Gopal B. Viswanathan
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Engineering drawing ,Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,Strain rate ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Microstructure ,Hardness ,Indentation hardness ,law.invention ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Optical microscope ,law ,General Materials Science ,Composite material ,Deformation (engineering) ,0210 nano-technology ,Embossing ,FOIL method - Abstract
Embossed parts, that contain a number of features, are desired for a range of components, such as, heat exchangers, bipolar plates, micro-reactors, and micro-fluidics. A comparison of low strain rate embossing and high strain rate embossing was investigated in this study. High strain rate deformation at the embossed surface induced quatitatively different properties than those on a quasi-statically formed part. A commercial hand file was chosen as a simple and available die surface due to its high hardness and relatively fine features. Commercially pure copper (110) was embossed using four methods: quasi-static (static, low strain rate), magnetic pulse (MP, high strain rate), direct vaporizing foil actuator (direct VFA, high strain rate), and urethane-assisted vaporizing foil actuator (urethane VFA, high strain rate). Embossed depth, mechanical properties, and microstructure evolution were studied for both low strain rate embossing and high strain rate embossing. The results showed that generally better conformity to the die features and higher surface hardness were achieved with high strain rate embossing, in part because higher pressures could be developed with these methods. The study of the microstructure revealed that besides the grain size and shape change, significant twinning appeared along the deformed surface in high strain rate embossed parts. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to study the resultant microstructure.
- Published
- 2016
50. Determination of the gamma prime/gamma interface width in a Co–Al–W alloy via coupled aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography
- Author
-
S. Meher, Hamish L. Fraser, Gopal B. Viswanathan, Soumya Nag, and Rajarshi Banerjee
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,Mechanical Engineering ,Alloy ,Metals and Alloys ,Analytical chemistry ,High resolution ,02 engineering and technology ,Atom probe ,engineering.material ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Molecular physics ,law.invention ,Superalloy ,Mechanics of Materials ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Scanning transmission electron microscopy ,engineering ,Coupling (piping) ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
The compositional and order-disorder transition widths of γ′/γ interfaces in a Co–Al–W alloy have been established for the first time by coupling of aberration corrected high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and orientation-specific atom probe tomography. While the compositional width is approximately 2.5 nm, the order-disorder transition width is very sharp measuring 0.5 nm. A comparative study revealed that the γ′/γ interfaces, in a model Ni–Al–Cr alloy, are both compositionally and structurally diffuse with nearly the same width (~ 2.5–3 nm). These differences between the γ′/γ interfaces in Co and Ni-base alloys can impact the coarsening behavior of the ordered precipitates.
- Published
- 2016
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