Search

Providing useful reference materials for online course participants is an important aspect for online courses. To aid a course designed to provide professional development to English language teachers from around the world, this corpus-based study investigated the frequency and coverage of Academic Word List (Coxhead, 1998), General Service List (GSL) first 1000 words (1K), and GSL second 1000 words (2K) lists. Gathering course materials and participant discussion board posts into two corpora for this study, frequency and coverage of the three base lists were calculated using AntWordProfiler and AntConc, resulting in a coverage of 9.56 % for AWL words and over 80% coverage for the two GSL lists combined in the first corpus. The high percentage of off-list words (9.75%) in the first corpus and low percentage of AWL words in the second corpus (5.23%) motivated the creation of a new word list that contains the most frequently used words outside of the AWL, GSL 1K, and GSL 2K words from the first corpus to supplement future course participants with technical words that are required to successfully complete the course.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and detriments of self-medication among school students and teachers in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted through an online previously validated self-administered questionnaire, which was distributed to school teachers and students in Makkah city from August 2022 to November 2022. Results: The study included 399 participants, and more than half of them had frequent use of self-medication (n = 211, 52.88%). Medications used by the participants mostly were analgesics (n = 168, 42.1%), followed by eye drops (n = 45, 11.3%) Conclusion: Investigating the level of knowledge about self-medication is strongly recommended. In addition to raising awareness of self-medication by establishing numerous programs and campaigns.

Corn stover is a low-quality forage rich in lignocellulosic material. However, it is also a palatable and low-cost feedstuff for cattle. In this study, we hypothesized that feeding exclusively a corn stover-based diet (CSD), compared with one based on corn silage-oat hay, increases the abundance of the bacterial families and genera involved in cellulose and hemicellulose metabolism. For that purpose, we collected filtered ruminal fluid from six dry Holstein cows during two periods: Period 1, cows consumed a control diet based on corn silage and oat hay (CD), and in the Period 2, cows were fed CSD for 45 days. Ruminal fluid was collected through esophageal tubing. Ruminal microorganisms were identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Compared with CD, feeding CSD for 45 days increased bacterial families and genera associated with higher neutral detergent fiber content and esterase and hemicellulolytic activities, such as Rikenellaceae, Prevotella, and Pseudobutyrivibrio. These results indicate that the liquid fraction of ruminal digesta contains a large number of microorganisms that help degrade lignocellulosic complexes, especially when diets with low-quality forages such as CSD are fed.

Background: Awareness is important for proper self-management and is the foundation of diabetes treatment. Children and adolescents living with diabetes must have sufficient knowledge of diabetes. Aim: This study aimed to assessing knowledge of children and adolescents regard to diabetes and assess the relationship between knowledge and glycemic control in type 1 diabetic children and adolescents in Taif diabetic center, KSA. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study. The study included children and adolescents attending a diabetic center in Taif, KSA. Questionnaire was used to collect data with help from parents and medical files. Knowledge was assessed using Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test revised true/false version. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. Results: The study included 232 children and adolescents, of whom 54.7% were females. Of all, 86.9% had T1DM. Over half the participants had a positive family history of diabetes (53.9%), and used insulin 1 to 3 times a day (52.2%). Over half of the participants (57.8%) had poor knowledge levels, and 39.7%, and 2.6%, had good and excellent knowledge levels, respectively. Sex significantly associated with diabetes knowledge (P=0.026), as more females (47.2%) had good knowledge than males (30.5%). Maternal education (P=0.018) as well as family income (P=0.001) were significantly associated with knowledge level among participants. Being diagnosed in the last one year only was associated with poorer knowledge than earlier diagnoses (P=0.005). Similarly, more frequent daily insulin use was associated with higher rates of good knowledge (P=0.000). Measuring blood glucose at home was also associated with higher rates of good knowledge (P=0.025), and excellent glycemic control was associated with higher rates of excellent knowledge among participants (P=0.001). Conclusion: The study found positive associations between diabetic knowledge and sociodemographic factors, time of diagnosis, as well as better glycemic control. We recommend further educational emphases for this age group as it is likely to be associated with better prognosis and less complications.

In this work, fractional-order strain theory was applied to construct a novel model that introduces a thermal analysis of a thermoelastic, isotropic, and homogeneous nanobeam. Under supported conditions of fixed aspect ratios, a two-temperature generalized thermoelasticity theory based on one relaxation time was used. The governing differential equations were solved using the Laplace transform, and their inversions were found by applying the Tzou technique. The numerical solutions and results for a thermoelastic rectangular silicon nitride nanobeam were validated and supported in the case of ramp-type heating. Graphs were used to present the numerical results. The two-temperature model parameter, beam size, ramp-type heat, and beam thickness all have a substantial influence on all of the investigated functions. Moreover, the parameter of the ramp-type heat might be beneficial for controlling the damping of nanobeam energy.

Hydrazones are regarded as a distinctive category of organic compounds because of their tremendous characteristics and potential uses in analytical, chemical, and medicinal chemistry. In the present study, a new series of Hydrazone Derivatives bearing cis-(4-chlorostyryl) amide moiety were designed and synthesized. In vitro cytotoxicity screening showed that compounds 3i, 3l, 3m, and 3n revealed potent anticancer activity against MCF-7 cancer cell line with IC50 values between 2.19–4.37 μM compared with Staurosporin as a reference compound. The antiproliferative activity of these compounds appears to be correlated well with their ability to inhibit the VEGFR-2 kinase enzyme. Activation of the damage response pathway leads to cellular cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Fluorochrome Annexin V/PI staining indicated that cell death proceeds through the apoptotic pathway mechanism. The mechanistic pathway was confirmed by a significant increase in the level of active caspase 9 compared with control untreated MCF-7 cells.

We propose an information theoretical model to analyze blockchains. Recently, blockchain has become a trend in the technology domain. We proposed a model that will help to reduce challenges brought on/posed by this technology. This paper will cover three main sections. First is an introduction about Blockchain. Then, we introduce our method, in which we explain how the least action principle, maximum independent set, and N-Queen solutions are applied to analyze the security of blockchains. Finally, we present our case study implementation, and results.

In this paper is described the first steps taken toward building an operational model of case management. Case management is a tool for coordinated services delivery when selection requires specialized skills or knowledge, there are a multitude of providers, and access involves difficult-to-navigate processes. First is presented a discussion of the domain-diverse research approach, and the meaning of case management. Then, a representative history of healthcare delivery is presented to provide background for the current fragmented state of service delivery. Next, the project team's efforts are presented: describing the process of case management; investigating the flow of information through the system using communication theory; and partially deconstructing the system using Conant's method. Finally, proposed future work is discussed.

Amitriptyline is one of the leading medications used for migraine as prophylaxis. Amitriptyline may cause various side effects ranging from mild symptoms such as constipation and dry mouth to severe adverse events such as seizures and coma. Here we present a case of a young gentleman who was started on amitriptyline for migraine but developed hypertension. The patient’s blood pressure normalized after stopping amitriptyline but became elevated when reintroduced. The case highlights the possibility of amitriptyline-induced hypertension even without concomitant medication use or high doses. We recommend regular blood pressure monitoring for patients on amitriptyline regardless of the dose.

Additional File 4:. Extended discussion on methionine synthase (MTR) and cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) activity, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), and on single genes involved in immune status in MET calves.

Additional File 6:. Ingredient and nutrient composition of far-off (from − 45 to − 29 d) and close-up (from − 28 d to parturition) diets fed to Holstein cows used in the present study.

Additional File 3: List of all transcription factor (TF) obtained with ChEA3 transcription factor enrichment analysis tool and significantly overrepresented (FDR ≤ 0.05) in the differentially expressed gene (DEG) list from RNAseq data in liver tissue of 4-d old Holstein calves (n = 6/group) born to cows randomly assigned to receive a basal control (CON) diet from − 28 ± 2 d to parturition [1.47 Mcal/kg dry matter (DM) and 15.3% crude protein (CP)] with no added Met or CON plus ethyl cellulose Met (MET, Mepron®, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Germany). For each TF, the ranking (Rank), P value, false discovery rate (FDR), the overlapping genes among the DEG list, and the predicted state (i.e. impact and flux value) calculated using the rationale underlying the Dynamic Impact Approach (DIA) analysis are reported.

Additional File 7:. Extended information about quantitative real-time PCR. Accession number, gene symbol, and forward and reverse primer sequences of genes analyzed in calf liver.

Additional File 1: Summary of RNA sequencing and alignment for all the samples. mRNA libraries were sequenced on a HiSeq2500 (Illumina Inc.). Quality control metrics were performed on raw sequencing reads using the FASTQC (v0.11.15) application. An index of the reference genome was built and single-end clean reads for each individual were aligned to the reference genome by STAR (v2.5.3a). Reads were mapped and annotated to the Bos Taurus UMD_3.1.1, downloaded from Ensembl Genomes website. Reads aligned were quantified with Subread package (v1.5.2) based on the Refseq gene annotation.

Additional File 2: List of all differentially expressed genes (FDR ≤ 0.10) from RNAseq data in liver tissue of 4-d old Holstein calves (n = 6/group) born to cows randomly assigned to receive a basal control (CON) diet from − 28 ± 2 d to parturition [1.47 Mcal/kg dry matter (DM) and 15.3% crude protein (CP)] with no added Met or CON plus ethyl cellulose Met (MET, Mepron®, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Germany).

Additional file 2: Table S1. Nutrient composition and amino acid profiles (mean ± standard deviation) of milk replacer (Advance Excelerate, Milk Specialties, Carpentersville, IL, USA) and starter grain (Ampli-Calf Starter 20; Purina Animal Nutrition, Shoreview, MN, USA) fed during the preweaning period to the most-efficient (M-eff, n = 13) or least-efficient (L-eff, n = 13) heifer calves. Table S2. Chemical taxonomy of top metabolites strongly influencing discrimination assessed by partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) that were upregulated and downregulated in the hindgut of most-efficient (M-eff, n = 13) heifer calves compared with least-efficient (L-eff, n = 13) heifer calves at birth, following the conditions of VIP > 1.0 and |p-(corr)|.

Background. Uses of general anaesthesia in outpatient invasive procedures have increased, especially in dermatology. Being uncooperative, children often require general anaesthesia, since surgical skin operations are mostly painful. Aim. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, significant adverse events, and the complication rates related to general anaesthesia, when used among pediatric population undergoing skin procedures. Methods. We conducted a first retrospective cohort study of patient chart review during the period from September 1, 2017 through September 2019. All patients admitted for pediatric skin procedures during this period have participated in our study. We reviewed selected charts to document any unexpected admissions, adverse events, or complications. Surgical outcomes and anaesthesia complications were reviewed by three anesthesiologists. We assessed inter-rater reliability. Results. A total of 211 procedures were reported for 211 patients with 19 diagnoses. No adverse events related to anaesthesia were recognized, apart from minor complications noticed in twelve patients. The kappa value range is between 0.78 and 1.00 (95% C.I., 0.46809 to 1.00). Conclusion. Dermatologist and pediatricians can safely do necessary procedures under general anaesthesia with the supervision of pediatric-trained anesthesiologists while considering other safety and risk precautions and the pediatric age group.

Background and Aims: Acute pancreatic is a severe medical emergency requiring hospitalization with intensive care. Understanding the disease pattern helps in early diagnosing and adequately managing to prevent serious complications. Therefore, the current study aimed to study the difference in awareness and knowledge among students of health-related departments at Umm Al-Qura University. Methods: An online survey was distributed among students in September 2021. All health-related students were invited to contribute to this survey through online social media channels. This study compares the level of knowledge of acute pancreatitis. Results: 372 health-related students were surveyed, the mean age of participants was 22.79 years (SD= 1.45), and the 23–25-year age group was predominant. The majority of respondents were male and single. College of Medicine was the most responded college and 5th-year health-related students were predominant. The majority of students have a good level of awareness compared to their level of knowledge. Male participants show a significant variation in knowledge of ‘’Signs and physical examination’’ and ‘’Diagnosis workup’’ (P value, 0.001 and 0.006, respectively). A significant association was shown between students’ academic year and ‘’Overviews: - causes, symptoms, and risk factors’’, ‘’Signs and physical examination’’, ‘’Diagnosis workup’’, and ‘’ER-managements’’. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and intervention of Acute Pancreatitis are vital to prevent a series of complications. Our findings suggest that students were not acquainted with basic interventional knowledge of Acute Pancreatitis, a demand for further investigations.

Cloud computing technologies can play an essential role in public organisations and companies while it reduces the cost of using information technology services. It allows users to access the service anytime and anywhere, with paying for what they use. In developing countries, such as Saudi Arabia, the cloud computing is still not extensively adopted, compared to countries in the west. In order to encourage the adoption of cloud services, it is considerable to understand an important and particular complications regarding to cloud computing is the potential and perceived security risks and benefits posed by implementing such technology. This paper investigates the critical security factors that influence the decision to adopt cloud computing by Saudi government agencies. A framework was proposed for three categories, Social Factors category, Cloud Security Risks Category and Perceived Cloud Security Benefits that includes well-known cloud security features. The framework factors were identified by critically reviewing studies found in the literature together with factors from the industrial standards within the context of Saudi Arabia. An experiment study was conducted in five government agencies in Saudi Arabia by interview and questionnaire with experts in order to improve and confirm the framework. All the factors in the proposed framework were found to be statistically significant. An additional factor identified was Failure of client side encryption. Moreover, they suggested including this factor as a potential risk under Security Risk Factors Category. The initial framework was updated based on the expert reviews and questionnaires. The results were analysed via one-sample t-test with the data integrity analysed via Cronbach’s alpha. The outcome indicated the majority of cloud security adoption framework categories were statistically significant. Potential future study directions and contributions are discussed.

In the last few years, the cloud-computing paradigm experienced a considerable growth, making it the de-facto technology fueling almost all major online services. Nowadays, Universities have become more reliant on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to provide educational services for their stakeholders. While most of the Universities in Europe and North America has harnessed the capabilities of cloud services to provide large scale flexibly electronic educational services. In Saudi Arabia, Most of the Universities are start-ups with limited IT Staff and amateur ICT infrastructure. Therefore, migrating their ICT services to cloud computing could deliver substantial benefits in the form of rich education content, increased efficiency, and agility that can be used to transform higher education in Saudi universities. However, migrating the Universities resources to third party platforms as cloud computing has pitfalls need to be considered carefully prior to the transition. Therefore, to successfully migrate to the cloud in the Saudi universities context, it is essential to identify the enabler factors that contribute toward a successful migration to the cloud environment in the higher education settings. Therefore, this research paper aims to propose a framework to investigate technological and organisational success factors that enable the migration process of the Saudi Universities’ ICT to the cloud environment.

It has been anticipated that the Internet of Things (IoT) will play a significant role in the design of enterprise systems. In this paper the components associated with the design of IoT enabled enterprise systems is examined. Next, the development of a small scale home security system is presented as a case study.

Background: Heart failure, mainly systolic dysfunction, has been studied as a determining factor in the prognosis of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) has not been well studied in this regard. Methods: A total of 516 patients were diagnosed with acute PE from January 2013 to December 2016. Both hemodynamically stable and unstable patients (i.e. massive PE) who underwent echocardiography within two months of diagnosis were included. Of these, 161 patients were finally included in the study. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of LVDD in patients with acute PE and its influences on in-hospital mortality or poor clinical outcomes. Results: Of 161 patients, 35 patients died during hospitalization (mortality rate 21.7%). Among 73 patients without left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, 14 died (mortality rate 19.2%). Among 88 patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, 21 died (mortality rate 23.9%). The odds ratio of mortality in these patients was 1.321 (0.617 to 2.828), with 95% confidence intervals (P = 0.473). Conclusions: In patients with acute PE, LVDD identified by echocardiography was associated with higher in-hospital mortality rates (23.9 compared with 19.2 for those without LVDD), although this effect was not statistically significant. Additional studies with a larger sample size are required to fully clarify the prognostic effects of LVDD on patients with acute PE. Keywords: pulmonary embolism, heart failure, diastolic dysfunction, prevalence, mortality.

Introduction: The uses of general anesthesia in outpatient invasive procedures have increased, especially in dermatology. Being uncooperative, children often require general anesthesia since surgical skin operations are mostly painful. Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety, significant adverse events, and the complication rates related to general anesthesia when used among pediatric population underwent skin procedures. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of a patient chart review from the period (September 1, 2017, to September 2019). All patients admitted for pediatric skin procedures during this period have participated in our study. We reviewed selected charts to document any unexpected admissions, adverse events, or complications. Surgical outcomes and anesthesia complications were reviewed by three anesthesiologists. We assessed inter-rater reliability. Results: A total of 211 procedures were reported for 211 patients with 19 diagnoses. No adverse events related to anesthesia were recognized, apart from minor complications noticed in 12 patients. Kappa value ranges between 0.78 and 1.00 (95% confidence interval, 0.46809–1.00). Conclusion: Dermatologists and pediatricians can safely do necessary procedures under general anesthesia with the supervision of pediatric-trained anesthesiologists while considering other safety and risk precautions and pediatric age group.

Introduction: Over 20,000,000 patients undergo scrotal hernia repair surgery every year, making it the most prevalent surgical repair. Through advancement in surgical techniques, repair is almost always successful, with a rate of recurrence that is less than 11%, and very few long-term complications, such as post-operative chronic pain, are reported. Methodology: We conducted this review using a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE, January 1987, through March 2017. The following search terms were used: scrotal hernias, scrotal swellings, prevalence of hernias, hernia repair, hernia surgery in complicated cases, emergent hernia surgery Aim: Our aim in this study is to understand the recent international guidelines on the best surgical approaches to patients with scrotal hernia, along with outcomes and quality of life following each type of intervention. Conclusion: Besides being fairly successful, the surgeries are followed by a relatively large number of recurrence. Several studies has been conducted which show that mesh-based, minimally invasive surgical repair techniques, are associated with the best outcomes, better quality of life, and lower rates of recurrence and postoperative complications. Keywords: scrotal hernias, scrotal swellings, prevalence of hernias, hernia repair, hernia surgery in complicated cases, emergent hernia surgery

Background:Peritonsillar abscess (PTA) is the most common deep infection of neck space that occurs in adults and is potentially life threatening if not treated appropriately. The surgical treatment of peritonsillar abscess that is not complicated with upper airway obstruction still remains controversial. Objectives: This review attempts to explore the controverseries between different types of management and compare the efficacy of needle aspiration, tonsillectomy and/or incision and drainage. Methodology: This study was done in King Abdulaziz University. All researches, between 1988 to 2015 were recruited and reviewed in this study. Results and conclusion: Studying the three accepted methods of draining: incision and drainage, abscess tonsillectomy, or needle aspiration, Incision and drainage is an efficient and safe procedure to treat peritonsillar abscess. As well as it is superior to Needle aspiration in terms of the post-procedure pain score. It can be performed as the first-line treatment of peritonsillar abscess. Quinsy tonsillectomy can offer several advantages, by allowing full evacuation of the abscess cavity, effectively relieving symptoms, but holds risk in general anesthesia intubation. and also higher post-operative complication like Peritonsillar abscess make it not a favorable step.

Table S1. Ingredient and nutrient composition of diets fed to cows. Table S2. Amino acid profiles and crude protein content of colostrum. Table S3. Amino acid profiles of milk replacer and starter grain. Table S4. Fatty acid profiles of colostrum. Table S5. Effects of supplementing Holstein cows during the peripartal period with rumen-protected methionine (MET; Mepron®, Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Germany) on colostrum fatty acid profile. Figure S1. Body weight, hip height, and wither height during the first 9 wk of life, and daily starter intake (1–56 d of age) in calves born to cows offered control diet (CON) or CON supplemented with ethyl-cellulose rumen-protected Met (MET; Mepron® at 0.09% of diet DM; Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Germany) during the last 28 d of pregnancy. (DOCX 61 kb)

Gene accession number, symbol, and forward and reverse sequences. Table S2. Sequencing results obtained from PCR products. Table S3. qPCR performance of genes measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue. (DOCX 19Â kb)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming the next Internet-related revolution. It allows billions of devices to be connected and communicate with each other to share information that improves the quality of our daily lives. On the other hand, Cloud Computing provides on-demand, convenient and scalable network access which makes it possible to share computing resources; indeed, this, in turn, enables dynamic data integration from various data sources. There are many issues standing in the way of the successful implementation of both Cloud and IoT. The integration of Cloud Computing with the IoT is the most effective way on which to overcome these issues. The vast number of resources available on the Cloud can be extremely beneficial for the IoT, while the Cloud can gain more publicity to improve its limitations with real world objects in a more dynamic and distributed manner. This paper provides an overview of the integration of the Cloud into the IoT by highlighting the integration benefits and implementation challenges. Discussion will also focus on the architecture of the resultant Cloud-based IoT paradigm and its new applications scenarios. Finally, open issues and future research directions are also suggested.

Table S1. Forward and reverse primer information for genes of interest. Table S2. PCR product sequences obtained using primers listed in Table 2. Table S3. qPCR performance of GPR40, GPR120, GPR84, and HCAR2/3 in adipose, liver, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). (DOCX 16 kb)