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Medicinal drugs have found great use in health treatment, and their use has increased after the COVID-19 pandemic. The health crisis caused by the coronavirus made the national authority for the control of medicinal drugs in Kosovo activates the institutional mechanisms for the control of drugs. Analyzing the excessive concentration of heavy metals in drugs and the adverse effects on the body since they reduce the positive effects of the drug. Methods. The research was conducted during the years 2020-2022 in Kosovo, the samples (over 30 patients) were studied, in 40 medical examinations, how the cytochrome P450 enzymatic system works and the impact on anti-inflammatory drugs. These drugs are metabolized by cytochrome CYP4502C9, which carries multiple inherited polymorphisms in the coding sequences, and by two varieties of this enzyme (cytochrome), CYP4502C9*2/3. Results. The presence of heavy metals in drugs is a concern related to neurotoxicity nephrotoxicity hepatic toxicity cardiovascular effects, immunotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The control of the content of elemental impurities is an important aspect of the quality assurance system of medicines and human health. Analytical studies of the amount of heavy metals in paracetamol samples X1 and X2 for the five metals studied, Arsenic in sample X1 showed a high presence of elements with a value of 5.07% among other metals. Nickel varies with a value of 4.91% in paracetamol X2 samples, the highest value for the analyzed plants. The analytical results of the studied medicinal plant "Matricaria Chamomilla" showed that the presence of Lead has a value of 3.7% compared to other metals in medicinal plants, while Mercury varies with 4.7%).Conclusions. Impurities in drugs often have unwanted or toxic effects on human health. Nowadays, knowledge about the negative effects of heavy metals is important for human health. Heavy metals enter the grass chain during the production process and impurities from natural raw materials.

Abstract The remarkable pace of genomic data generation is rapidly transforming our understanding of life at the micron scale. Yet this data stream also creates challenges for team science. A single microbe can have multiple versions of genome architecture, functional gene annotations, and gene identifiers; additionally, the lack of mechanisms for collating and preserving advances in this knowledge raises barriers to community coalescence around shared datasets. “Digital Microbes” are frameworks for interoperable and reproducible collaborative science through open source, community-curated data packages built on a (pan)genomic foundation. Housed within an integrative software environment, Digital Microbes ensure real-time alignment of research efforts for collaborative teams and facilitate novel scientific insights as new layers of data are added. Here we describe two Digital Microbes: 1) the heterotrophic marine bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3 with > 100 transcriptomic datasets from lab and field studies, and 2) the pangenome of the cosmopolitan marine heterotroph Alteromonas containing 339 genomes. Examples demonstrate how an integrated framework collating public (pan)genome-informed data can generate novel and reproducible findings.

Diabetes mellitus is a common disease followed by cardiovascular complications, it is a metabolic syndrome with multiple etiology that is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. Hypertension is a serious health condition that is significantly associated with the risks of heart, brain, kidney, and other diseases. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is diagnostic means of diabetes when fasting (venous) glycemia figures are 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/l). The purpose of this study is to focus on the diagnosis, and the treatment of the population with diabetes, identifying the necessary targets to guarantee clinical efficacy. Managing diabetes is challenging, and smoking can complicate it. People with diabetes who smoke often need larger doses of insulin to keep their blood sugar near normal levels. To assess the amount of vitamin D bound to hemoglobin, the study analyzed a number of laboratory parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. The importance of this study is the estimation of the amount of enzyme-linked immunosorbent vitamin D. Laboratory parameters of diabetic patients were divided into three categories based on increased levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. Vitamin D levels were analyzed in these categories with increased HbA1c values. The influence of smoking and hypertension on laboratory parameters of diabetic patients was analyzed. The observations were carried out in the form of a database, and the methods that allowed the results for all parameters were followed. The data on the homogeneity of the selected information groups cover 150 patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, 40.67% were men, 59.33% were women. Similarly, (in fasting patients), a high OGTT-2-hour glucose level, the hemoglobin test indicates [A1C(HbA1c)] level, cardiovascular disease, and serum vitamin D. Overall, 47.33% of the patients were deficient in vitamin D. Decreased levels of vitamin D were associated with increased levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, while 22% were deficient. As a result, 74.67% of tobacco users had hypertension. Vitamin D deficiency may increase in patients with diabetes, with increased levels of glycosylated hemoglobin.

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the oral health conditions of pregnant women. The analysis involves evaluating two key indices: the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and the basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) index. Furthermore, this study investigated potential correlations between calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) levels within specific time intervals and the aforementioned oral health indices. Materials and methods: This study included 66 women. The examination consisted of assessing the condition of the teeth by using the DMFT index. Additionally, the erosive decay of the teeth was evaluated according to the BEWE index. Salivary concentrations of Ca and P were determined using a colorimetric method. These measurements were performed during the first (T1) and third (T3) trimesters of pregnancy. Results: The study results showed that the DMFT index value in T3 was significantly higher compared to that in T1. However, there were no significant differences in BEWE index values between the two time intervals. Furthermore, notable differences were observed in the levels of Ca and P between T1 and T3 (Z=4.87, p=0.000 and Z=2.95, p=0.003, respectively). Nevertheless, the analysis of the relationship between DMFT/BEWE indices and Ca and P levels found no significant correlation. Conclusions: The results suggest that the third trimester poses a greater oral health burden. Additionally, there were notable fluctuations in the Ca and P levels during pregnancy. These findings shed light on the correlation between pregnancy phases and oral health indicators, emphasizing the significance of the salivary composition.

Individuals utilizing Life Cycle Assessment within the emerging field of circular carbon might phrase and understand matters differently, causing ambiguity, due to different educational backgrounds and lacking definitions of central terms. Our research addresses the question, whether misleading or ambiguous terms exist, which impair transparency and scientific accuracy in carbon (dioxide) accounting in LCA. A structured literature research was performed to screen LCA standards, ISO standards, and the European legal database EUR-Lex. Nine terms with potential ambiguity in meaning or usage in LCA were identified: Avoided burden, avoided carbon, avoided CO2, carbon capture, carbon credit, circular carbon, circular CO2, negative emission, and net zero emission. A workflow was introduced to either obtain a consensus-based definition from standard literature or from peer-reviewed publications. For all terms, except avoided carbon, a recommended definition was found and showcased within case studies on the topic of mechanical recycling of plastics to produce a taxonomy suggestion for precise descriptions of different carbon dioxide (equivalent) accounting methods in LCA.

Along with other aspects of society, Illyrian religion was influenced by the Roman world during the first centuries AD. As a result, Mercury became the Roman god most represented in bronze figurines found within the modern territory of Albania. This paper will consider two bronze figurines of Mercury-Thoth which represents a god with both eastern and western attributes. The figurines are of a good quality and analogies can be found with numerous others throughout the Roman Empire. Their presence in Albania can be explained not only by the eastern influence of the empire, but also with the transfer of people and ideas. Both figurines were found near main roads passing through Illyria during the Roman period, the Via Lissus-Naissus and Via Egnatia, which testify for the development of commerce, movement of people, ideas and systems. The figurines also provide an insight into Illyrian religious life during the Roman period and illustrate their adoption of interpretatio romana and eastern gods.

IntroductionWhile it is well-established that follow-up care programs play a crucial role in preventing and early detecting secondary health conditions (SHCs) in persons with spinal cord injury [SCI, including spina bifida (SB)], the availability of evidence-based follow-up care programs remains limited. Under the leadership of the German-speaking Medical Society for Paraplegiology (DMGP), we have developed an evidence based clinical practice guideline for follow-up care of SHCs in persons with SCI and identify research gaps.MethodsThis guideline was developed in accordance with the regulations of the Association of the Scientific Medical Societies in Germany (AWMF e.V.). To ensure an evidence-based guidance, we utilized the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) generic core set and ICF Core Set for individuals with SCI in long-term context as our foundational framework. We conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify existing recommendations for follow-up care and graded the level of evidence according to relevant instruments. Subsequently, we formulated recommendations and achieved consensus through a structured nominal group process involving defined steps and neutral moderation, while adhering to the criteria outlined in the German guideline development instrument (DELBI).ResultsAlthough there is a fair number of literatures describing prevalence and severity of SHCs after SCI, the amount of literature including recommendations was low (19 for SCI and 6 for SB). Based on the current evidence on prevalence and severity of SHCs and available recommendations, a clinical practice guideline on follow-up care of most relevant SHCs was defined. The recommendations for follow-up care are described in the following chapters: (1) Nervous system; (2) (Neuropathic) pain; (3) Cardiovascular diseases; (4) Respiratory System; (5) Immunological system, vaccination and allergies; (6) Gastrointestinal tract and function; (7) Endocrinological system and nutrition; (8) Urogenital system; (9) Contraception, pregnancy, birth and postpartum care; (10) Musculoskeletal system; (11) Pressure injuries; (12) Psychological health; (13) Medication and polypharmacy.ConclusionWe could successfully establish an evidence based clinical practice guideline for follow-up care of SHCs in individuals with SCI. There is however a notable lack of high-quality recommendations for SCI follow-up care.

The aim of the paper is to prove that Nietzsche's political thought is based on ancient values that were suppressed by "adjustments", since modern politics is based on the delusion of social norms and imposed new ideologies that it is possible to establish universal agreement and justice. Nietzsche strives to restore the ancient understanding of the political, which includes the Greek agon, (competition), the idea of the necessity of class distinctions and the creation of higher types of people who will spiritually guide society and the state. For Nietzsche, the attempts of modern politics to improve human life by modern political means are futile because it is "small politics" that arose from the arrival of the masses on the political scene, slave morality and their demand for great things to satisfy their "need to feel power". The will to power is the foundation of Nietzsche's philosophy of politics and the formulation of political thought anticipated through his concept of "great politics", led by an elite class of philosopher-legislators who will create new values and inspire future generations to transform into good Europeans. Nietzsche's political thought presents various challenges to social contract theory according to critique of collective norms and his celebration of power, creative individuals, and free spirits.

Aim/purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of HRM practices on OCB-I (altruism and courtesy) and OCB-O (sportsmanship, conscientiousness, and civic virtue) by examining the mediating role of organizational justice perceptions (i.e., distributional, procedural, and interactional justice) and the moderating role of gender.

Abstract Coherent imaging techniques provide an unparalleled multi-scale view of materials across scientific and technological fields, from structural materials to quantum devices, from integrated circuits to biological cells. Driven by the construction of brighter sources and high-rate detectors, coherent imaging methods like ptychography are poised to revolutionize nanoscale materials characterization. However, these advancements are accompanied by significant increase in data and compute needs, which precludes real-time imaging, feedback and decision-making capabilities with conventional approaches. Here, we demonstrate a workflow that leverages artificial intelligence at the edge and high-performance computing to enable real-time inversion on X-ray ptychography data streamed directly from a detector at up to 2 kHz. The proposed AI-enabled workflow eliminates the oversampling constraints, allowing low-dose imaging using orders of magnitude less data than required by traditional methods.

Abstract Seagrasses are important primary producers in oceans worldwide. They live in shallow coastal waters that are experiencing carbon dioxide enrichment and ocean acidification. Posidonia oceanica, an endemic seagrass species that dominates the Mediterranean Sea, achieves high abundances in seawater with relatively low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Here we tested whether microbial metabolisms associated with P. oceanica and surrounding seawater enhance seagrass access to nitrogen. Using stable isotope enrichments of intact seagrass with amino acids, we showed that ammonification by free-living and seagrass-associated microbes produce ammonium that is likely used by seagrass and surrounding particulate organic matter. Metagenomic analysis of the epiphytic biofilm on the blades and rhizomes support the ubiquity of microbial ammonification genes in this system. Further, we leveraged the presence of natural carbon dioxide vents and show that the presence of P. oceanica enhanced the uptake of nitrogen by water column particulate organic matter, increasing carbon fixation by a factor of 8.6–17.4 with the greatest effect at CO2 vent sites. However, microbial ammonification was reduced at lower pH, suggesting that future ocean climate change will compromise this microbial process. Thus, the seagrass holobiont enhances water column productivity, even in the context of ocean acidification.

The healthcare industry has consistently recognized the significance of routine in-person engagement with patients in evaluating their holistic well-being. However, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted this traditional methodology, prompting healthcare providers to seek feasible alternatives. Consequently, the industry is increasingly embracing remote care technologies like telehealth and the implementation of artificial intelligence. These technologies utilize digital tools for information and communication, enabling the remote delivery of healthcare services.1 As a result, there has been a surge in healthcare advancements and the adoption of innovative business models, utilizing computer-mediated virtual environments as an alternative healthcare system. Currently, digital transformation extends beyond virtual communication, encompassing the digitalization of the healthcare industry's social network with Metaverse technology.2 The Metaverse, facilitated by virtual reality and augmented reality, provides a comprehensive and immersive virtual realm. In this virtual world, people can interact online by using avatars. This technology has numerous applications in clinical dentistry. It is used for distraction therapy during dental surgeries and virtual simulations for implant surgery planning. The technology provides accurate descriptions of dental anatomy and supports augmented reality-assisted navigation for osteogenesis and mandibular restorations, along with virtual orthognathic planning.3 Furthermore, while conducting a root canal procedure with the aid of three-dimensional images, it is possible to directly observe the canal's morphology or precisely position an implant in the appropriate location within the alveolar bone.4Additionally, neurosurgeons have achieved successful augmented reality surgeries on live patients in medical facilities.The procedure involves a unique head-mounted device equipped with a transparent display, allowing surgeons to view images of the patient's internal anatomy, such as bones and other tissues, generated from CT scans. This revolutionary technology essentially provides surgeons a type of X-ray vision, enabling them to navigate and perform surgeries with enhanced precision and accuracy. These pioneering advancements in surgical techniques represent significant developments in the field of neurosurgery.5 Metaverse technology is expected to permit and maintain oral and dental health by offering personalized recommendations, tracking health behaviors, monitoring symptoms, and providing self-care guidance.6 Young individuals can actively participate in a virtual environment that facilitates the acquisition of oral hygiene techniques and reduces dental anxiety. Moreover, this technology can inform patients about dental trauma and guide them on the appropriate measures to take in the event of such incidents.7 This writeup underscores the extensive research conducted on this topic, and highlighting the transformative potential of this technology in dentistry. The Metaverse has the potential to revolutionize the dental care sector by utilizing virtual communication to connect specialists with end users. This could enable the seamless delivery of a variety of medical services, including disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, ushering in a new era of comprehensive care.

The tetragonal (rutile) nanostructures of TiO2 Nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have gained importance due to their large active sites, electronic states influencing superior electrode performance, stability and conductivity. In this regard, Screen printed carbon ink electrode modified with TiO2 was proposed as an electrochemical sensor for the quantification of Azithromycin. TiO2 NPs was used as a modifier in order to improve the electrochemical signal of the bare carbon ink used for the screen printed carbon ink electrode (SPCIE). Some other nanostructured materials, such as Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNT) and Graphene Nano Platelets (GNPL), were also studied with the purpose of increasing the current signal of carbon electrode, but they did not show any expected significant effects, or they were mechanically not suitable to be printed as electrode. Azithromycin is one of the top prioritized antibiotics which are widely used by humans; lastly it is one of the most used antibiotics to treat patients with COVID-19 infection. Therefore, the determination of Azithromycin in urine samples as well as in water media is important, because of the implications antibiotics are known to have with health and natural environment. SPCIE bulk-modified with TiO2 NPs was characterized by SEM-EDS analysis. Cyclic voltammetry analysis was used to determine Azithromycin and with all optimized accompanying analytical parameters. The prepared TiO2 NPs/SPCIE electrode showed a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.93 μM with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 3.1 µM, sensitivity of 7.36 µA µM−1 cm−2 (S/N = 3), and a linearity range of 0.05–50 μM towards determination of Azithromycin standards.