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Disaster management systems have been using digital communication channels for a decade now. While the utilization of digital platforms and smartphone applications enhances the dissemination of knowledge about risks, social networks seem to offer a promising avenue for addressing the issue of citizen engagement during emergencies. However, prior to the 2020 pandemic crisis, little action appeared to have been taken to actively involve citizens. This article aims to explore the role of digital technology in reshaping risk communication and citizen engagement in disaster management. In 2018, we conducted a survey in the Île-de-France and Brussels-Capital regions to assess citizens' expectations and the impact of territorial communication strategies on their perception of risks. Our results suggest that digital technology contributes to disaster management in two key ways: through official communication before and during crises, and by facilitating citizen involvement during crises. Nonetheless, our analysis reveals that while digital technology allows for the proliferation of information channels to reach a wider audience, it does not facilitate the establishment of a bottom-up approach, the revision of risk-related knowledge, or the enhancement of citizen understanding of their role in disaster management.

Modern sheep breeding should be based on the production of high quality sheep products. Knowing the limits of animal productivity potential allows to manage the breeding process in the most effective way. Applying PCR-RFLP method makes it possible to identify allelic variants of genes associated with quantitative and qualitative characteristics of animals. By identifying different polymorphic variations and their phenotypic manifestations, one can create and replenish a database for managing the genetic progression of breeding-significant traits. The paper determines the gene polymorphism of growth hormone (GH), calpastatin (CAST) and growth differentiation factor (GDF9) of experimental animals and reflects an associative connection between the dynamics of growth and that of development of crossbred one-shear sheep of different origin (Russian meat merino ewes and imported producers). The article concludes that in order to increase sheep meat productivity, farms should give preference to animals carrying genes with the identified desired genotype on the studied polymorphisms and take into account their presence in the breeding process.

The preventive archaeological excavation at Bonneuil-en-France carried out in 2010/2011 and 2016/2017 enabled to study most of a large settlement (more than10 ha) from the late 5th or early of 6th century to the 11th century. It compounded numerous Sunken Featured Buildings (FSB). Their study has incited to examine the last 30 years discoveries, to update the former syntheses of F. Gentili et M. Deschamp (2009) and question the typo-chronological and functionnal aspects of these structures in the rural settlements of Île-de-France.

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

for axe head production in Bartonian (Eocene) silicite close to the mining complex of Jablines. They are attributed by the associated set of tools and the archaeological background to the later part of the Paris Basin Middle Neolithic (c. 4300–3700 BCE). The main characteristics of the knapping places are bifacial shaping to produce axe head preforms. Petrographical analyses show at first examination a close relation to the same silicite beds as those exploited at Jablines. Beside this, some of the artefacts indicate another way of raw material gathering which could match with the Bartonian silicite procurement on a larger scale. The workshop places may be distinguished as places of different function, mostly devoted to the first steps of preparation (roughing and shaping processes), but another to shaping stages, and a last one essentially concerned with the finishing of manufacturing rough-outs. Considering the very rare fragments of preforms collected on the site and the high quality of the rejected waste products, the skill level was high. From the first flaking of the block, contrary to what is usually inferred, indirect percussion was used since the first flaking of the block. These workshops add to the information from the other known similar places in this region of the Marne area, including the mining complex of Jablines itself. There were no settlements next to the mines, but in the surrounding areas, and the related distance remains to be explained.

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of fertilization season on the live weight of Ile de France lambs.The study was carried out in two consecutive years with 649 lambs (233 numbers born during fertilization of the ewes in the months from August to October (autumn fertilization) and 416 numbers born during fertilization in the month of April (spring fertilization)). The animals are under the selection control of the Ile de France Breeding Association, raised on a farm in northeastern Bulgaria. Live weights were measured at birth, at 30 days and at 70 days, with a deviation of ± 2 days. Biological fecundity was determined as the ratio of the number of live births, stillbirths and aborted lambs to the number of lambed ewes. The information was processed using the methods of variational statistics. The effect of the season of fertilization on the studied parameters was determined by the ANOVA model of the one-factor analysis of variance, the reliability of the influence of the factor was determined by the values of Fisher’s F-test, and the reliability of the differences between the studied groups - by the Student’s t-test, with the statistical package Data Analysis, Excel 2021, Microsoft. A highly reliable effect of the factor fertilization season on the live weight of the lambs on the 30th and 70th day was found (F=3.86***). Lambs realized a higher average live weight at autumn fertilization, 18,733 kg at day 30 and 35,418 kg at day 70 respectively, compared to spring fertilization 17,332 kg and 33,893 kg at the same ages in 2018. The biological fertility of ewes was in the range of 146%-154%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Polluscope project aims to better understand the personal exposure to air pollutants in the Paris region. This article is based on one campaign from the project, which was conducted in the autumn of 2019 and involved 63 participants equipped with portable sensors (i.e., NO2, BC and PM) for one week. After a phase of data curation, analyses were performed on the results from all participants, as well as on individual participants' data for case studies. A machine learning algorithm was used to allocate the data to different environments (e.g., transportation, indoor, home, office, and outdoor). The results of the campaign showed that the participants' exposure to air pollutants depended very much on their lifestyle and the sources of pollution that may be present in the vicinity. Individuals' use of transportation was found to be associated with higher levels of pollutants, even when the time spent on transport was relatively short. In contrast, homes and offices were environments with the lowest concentrations of pollutants. However, some activities performed in indoor air (e.g., cooking) also showed a high levels of pollution over a relatively short period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few commercial-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects are currently operating in the world, with almost all in the USA and China. Despite a high number of CCS pilot-scale projects achieved in Europe, only two commercial-scale projects are operating today. The goal of this study is to present a case study in France to select a promising location to deploy a notable CCS pilot-scale project based on a multicriteria regional-scale approach. The methodology applied in this case study describes and assesses different aspects involved in CCS technology at the regional scale, and then an evaluation of economic key performance indicators (KPI) of CCS is carried out. The assessment at the regional scale gives an overview of where CCS could be applied, when CCS could be deployed and how to launch CCS considering the needs and concerns of stakeholders in the region. Technical aspects were mapped, such as the location of irreducible CO2 sources and long-lasting emissions and the location of storage resources and existing potential transport infrastructures. We identified the waste-to-energy and chemical sectors as the main CO2 sources in the region. An economic analysis of a hypothetical scenario of CCS deployment was elaborated considering three of the higher emitters in the region. A CCS scenario in the Paris Basin region with a deployment between 2027 and 2050 indicates a low CO2 cost per ton avoided between 43 EUR/t and 70 EUR/t for a cumulated total of 25 Mt and 16 Mt, respectively, of CO2 captured and stored for 26 years, including 7.7 Mt of CO2 from biomass (potential negative emissions). Storage maturity and availability of the resource are the most uncertain parameters of the scenario, although they are the key elements to push investment in capture facilities and transport. Geological storage pilot projects are mandatory to prove storage resource and should be located in strategic locations close to potential CO2 sources in case of confirmation of proven resources. Well-perceived pilot-scale projects are the first step to start engaging in deciding and investing in commercial-scale CCS projects.

Due to global urbanization, urban areas are encountering many environmental, social, and economic challenges. Different solutions have been proposed and implemented, such as nature-based solutions and green and blue infrastructure. Taking into consideration exogenous factors that are associated with these solutions is a crucial question to assess their possible effects. This study examines the possible explanatory factors and their evolution until the year 2054 of several solutions in the Île-de-France region: wastewater heat-recovery, surface geothermal energy, and heat-mitigation capacities of zones. This investigation is performed by a series of statistical models, namely the ordinary least squares (OLS) and the geographically weighted regressions (GWR), integrated within a geographic information system. The main driving factors were identified as land use/land cover and population distribution. The results show that GWR models capture a large part of spatial autocorrelation. Apropos of prediction results, areas with low, medium, and high potential for implementing specific solutions are determined. Furthermore, the implementation capacities of solutions are compared with the demand depicted as the need for slowing down the effects of surface urban heat islands and the dependence on fossil energy. Moreover, the heat mitigation capacities are not at all times distinctively linked to human activities. Further investigations are needed to discover the remaining possible reasons, particularly air quality, water, vegetation, and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The area of influence of global conurbations and agglomerations goes far beyond administrative borders. This questions the governance needed to deal with the challenges raised at this scale. This article offers to focus on the example of the Paris region, where the division has stayed the same since 1956 and where interregional cooperations have failed. More precisely, our objective is to understand why a small Parisian region was created and why its boundaries have not been modified to adapt to the functional aspect of the region. This geo-historical approach, using many archives, identifies the role played by the ideas and strategies of several actors, from Jean-François Gravier to the Valls government. The analysis also shows that political actors have difficulty in understanding the megaregional influence of Paris, and that the problems of cooperation in the megaregion will be exacerbated by the reform of the regional map (2015), which merged territories belonging in part to the urban area of Paris (Oise and Aisne, for example) with areas affected by very different dynamics and issues.

Few commercial-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects are currently operating in the world, with almost all in the USA and China. Despite a high number of CCS pilot-scale projects achieved in Europe, only two commercial-scale projects are operating today. The goal of this study is to present a case study in France to select a promising location to deploy a notable CCS pilot-scale project based on a multicriteria regional-scale approach. The methodology applied in this case study describes and assesses different aspects involved in CCS technology at the regional scale, and then an evaluation of economic key performance indicators (KPI) of CCS is carried out. The assessment at the regional scale gives an overview of where CCS could be applied, when CCS could be deployed and how to launch CCS considering the needs and concerns of stakeholders in the region. Technical aspects were mapped, such as the location of irreducible CO2 sources and long-lasting emissions and the location of storage resources and existing potential transport infrastructures. We identified the waste-to-energy and chemical sectors as the main CO2 sources in the region. An economic analysis of a hypothetical scenario of CCS deployment was elaborated considering three of the higher emitters in the region. A CCS scenario in the Paris Basin region with a deployment between 2027 and 2050 indicates a low CO2 cost per ton avoided between 43 EUR/t and 70 EUR/t for a cumulated total of 25 Mt and 16 Mt, respectively, of CO2 captured and stored for 26 years, including 7.7 Mt of CO2 from biomass (potential negative emissions). Storage maturity and availability of the resource are the most uncertain parameters of the scenario, although they are the key elements to push investment in capture facilities and transport. Geological storage pilot projects are mandatory to prove storage resource and should be located in strategic locations close to potential CO2 sources in case of confirmation of proven resources. Well-perceived pilot-scale projects are the first step to start engaging in deciding and investing in commercial-scale CCS projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nouvelles Perspectives en Sciences Sociales is the property of Editions Prise de parole and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Historique (0035-3264) is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Polluscope project aims to better understand the personal exposure to air pollutants in the Paris region. This article is based on one campaign from the project, which was conducted in the autumn of 2019 and involved 63 participants equipped with portable sensors (i.e., NO2, BC and PM) for one week. After a phase of data curation, analyses were performed on the results from all participants, as well as on individual participants’ data for case studies. A machine learning algorithm was used to allocate the data to different environments (e.g., transportation, indoor, home, office, and outdoor). The results of the campaign showed that the participants’ exposure to air pollutants depended very much on their lifestyle and the sources of pollution that may be present in the vicinity. Individuals’ use of transportation was found to be associated with higher levels of pollutants, even when the time spent on transport was relatively short. In contrast, homes and offices were environments with the lowest concentrations of pollutants. However, some activities performed in indoor air (e.g., cooking) also showed a high levels of pollution over a relatively short period.

This article examines the effects of recent spatial and temporal changes in forms of work organisation on the daily mobility of working people in the Île-de-France region. On the basis of the 2010 Transport Global Survey (Île-de-France Mobilités-OMNIL-DRIEA), spatial ("sedentary", "mobile") and temporal ("standard", "shifted") categories are defined to describe forms of work organisation. The results show that these are associated with different daily mobility practices of workers in Île-de-France and their use of modes of transport. Mobile work organisation results in them travelling more and for greater distances, spending more time on transport and using automobiles more often. Shifted work organisation favours more intensive use of automobiles, but reduces personal daily mobility. Over the period 2001-2010, the results suggest that the decline in automobile use concerns all Île-de-France workers, regardless of the form of work organisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent excavations at Chessy (Seine-et-Marne department, France) have revealed knapping areas for axe head production in Bartonian (Eocene) silicite close to the mining complex of Jablines. They are attributed by the associated set of tools and the archaeological background to the later part of the Paris Basin Middle Neolithic (c. 4300-3700 BCE). The main characteristics of the knapping places are bifacial shaping to produce axe head preforms. Petrographical analyses show at first examination a close relation to the same silicite beds as those exploited at Jablines. Beside this, some of the artefacts indicate another way of raw material gathering which could match with the Bartonian silicite procurement on a larger scale. The workshop places may be distinguished as places of different function, mostly devoted to the first steps of preparation (roughing and shaping processes), but another to shaping stages, and a last one essentially concerned with the finishing of manufacturing rough-outs. Considering the very rare fragments of preforms collected on the site and the high quality of the rejected waste products, the skill level was high. From the first flaking of the block, contrary to what is usually inferred, indirect percussion was used since the first flaking of the block. These workshops add to the information from the other known similar places in this region of the Marne area, including the mining complex of Jablines itself. There were no settlements next to the mines, but in the surrounding areas, and the related distance remains to be explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the preparation and consolidation process of a property housing market database from complex sources with restricted access. The CASSMIR database (Contribution to the Spatial and Sociological Analysis of the Residential Real Estate Markets) is a spatial/population dataset about the Parisian metropolitan area housing property market, from 1996 to 2018. The indicators in the CASSMIR database cover four thematic areas of investigation: prices, socio-demographic profile of buyers and sellers, purchasing regimes and types of property transfers, and types of real estate. These indicators characterize spatial units at three scales (communes, 1 km grid and 200 m grid) and population groups of buyers and sellers sorted according to social, generational and gender criteria. The delivery of the database follows a series of matching and aggregation of individual data from two original databases: a database on real estate transactions (BIEN database) and a database on first-time buyer investments (PTZ database). This article reports the main information contained in the CASSMIR database and the stages of preparation of the database.

Densification is an objective of public policies in France. It has consequences on the urban forms: apartments buildings are built in peri-urban areas. It is a break with the most common habitat in these municipalities: the single-family house. How do the peri-urban inhabitants live in an apartment in these spaces? What are the social representations that they associate to the peri-urban apartments? If individual housing is a norm in peri-urban areas, what is the "place" of the inhabitants of collective housing? Do they choose the apartment or want a detached house that they cannot get? Has this new "place" come to recompose their way of living? We did a survey among residents of new apartments in various peri-urban municipalities. There are three profiles of inhabitants. Those for whom the apartment is chosen, those who live there for a limited time, and those who live in an apartment to live in the suburbs, but still dream of a detached house.