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The final joint of the Hongkong—Zhuhai—Macao Bridge immersed tunnel is located between the S8 section of the E29 immersed lube and the SI section of the E30 immersed tube, about 580 m from the head of the East Island, the lowest elevation of the lube bottom is -27.937 m. and the steel shell concrete structure is located in the curve section with a radius of 5 500 m. Its underwater closure welding construction is the most risky subproject in the entire project construction. In order to minimize construction risks and continuously optimize the construction technology, a set of mature and reliable underwater-welding construction plan was found through pre-construction simulation exercises. In the end, the underwater welding task was completed with a one-time welding pass rale of 97.8%, which has made a major contribution to the smooth completion of the Hongkong—Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and created many of the best in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of riprap lamping for the immersed tunnel foundation is a basic project of the Hongkong— Zhuhai— Macao Bridge. It is necessary to fill 10 — 100 kg block stones in the deep base trough of the submarine tunnel, increase the compactness of the base bed through underwater tamping, and improve the bearing capacity of the immersed tube foundation, and then lay the gravel cushion and install the immersed tube sinking and docking. The project has the characteristics of a particularly large project volume, a particularly long construction area, a particularly complex navigation in the construction sea area, a very difficult construction, very high accuracy and environmental protection requirements, and a particularly light construction period. This paper introduces the development and successful application of the construction technology of the riprap tamping equipment in detail, which can provide reference for similar foundation treatment projects of offshore, deep water, large runoff and deep foundation trough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]