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Predicting the water abundance of coal‐bearing strata is crucial for ensuring mining safety. However, owing to the dispersion and attenuation characteristics caused by pore fluid flow, it is difficult to estimate the water abundance of coal seam roof aquifers using seismic data. To overcome this challenge, we provide the relationship between the frequency‐dependent seismic wave velocity and water saturation based on the Chapman fracture model and the mixing fluid model. We propose a seismic dispersion attribute technique that can use dispersion information as an indicator of water abundance. Numerical experiment results show that the water saturation of the sandstone aquifer is positively correlated with the dispersion attribute. The results of low‐frequency rock physical experiments are roughly consistent with those predicted by the model for the given parameters. Using seismic dispersion attribute inversion and the frequency slice wavelet transform method, we predicted the water abundance of sandstone in the coal seam roof of the Yuwang coal mine in Yunnan Province, China. The predicted sandstone water abundance was compatible with the actual water‐rich scenario observed in well logs and downhole drilling in the study area. Therefore, the method proposed herein has the potential to quantitatively determine the water abundances of sandstone aquifers in coal seam roofs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]