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The South Yellow Sea (SYS) is a semi-closed epicontinental sea, where voluminous material input and regional tectonic subsidence facilitate preservation of depositional strata, making it an ideal place for studying the regional responses to global sea-level changes during the Quaternary. Based on high-resolution single-channel seismic data, we conducted a detailed study of the SYS shelf in terms of its stratigraphic architecture and seismic facies. In combination with borehole data, we analysed the depositional processes of the SYS shelf since the Quaternary. A minimum of 14 seismic sequences were identified on the seismic profiles, which primarily show four typical seismic reflection facies: progradational reflection facies, parallel reflection facies, chaotic reflection facies and incised valley facies, with the former two seismic facies usually alternating with the latter two vertically. Borehole and seismic data revealed that the SYS shelf has been basically controlled by global sea-level changes since the Quaternary, and three significant transgression events had occurred over the SYS shelf since the Middle Pleistocene ( ca. 730 ka BP-Present), taking place in the early Middle Pleistocene, the early Late Pleistocene and at the end of the Late Pleistocene-Holocene, respectively, with their products corresponding to seismic sequences U90, U50 and U10, respectively. Seismic data showed that, in a previous division of the main boundaries for holes EY02-2, NHH01 and QC2, the Holocene and the Upper Pleistocene bottom boundaries are concordant, while the Middle Pleistocene bottom boundary is discordant, and our study indicated that the division scheme for the Middle Pleistocene bottom boundary related to holes EY02-2 and NHH01 is more reasonable. The turning point of variation in the depositional environment of the SYS is at the end of the Middle Pleistocene, before which global sea-level change and tectonic subsidence controlled the shelf deposition. The shelf was inclined westwards and the tectonic topography of the southern margin of the shelf-forced seawater to invade via passages during sea-level rise. This resulted in a limited stratigraphic distribution formed by short-duration transgression events with low-amplitude sea-level rise; thereafter, the shelf deposition was predominated by global sea-level and rivers, and the shelf sediments were mainly derived from mainland China on the west of the shelf and were primarily accumulated on the middle and western parts of the shelf. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) and the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM) are the most significant hydrological characteristics of the Yellow Sea as they strongly influence the matter transportation, sedimentation, and the benthic and pelagic environments of the region. Previous studies focused mostly on formation and evolution of the YSWC and the YSCWM on shorter time scales (e.g., since the Holocene) and studies on longer time scales are rather sparse. This study conducted a high-resolution magnetostratigraphic investigation on core DLC70-3 (with a water depth of 71.2 m) in the northern part of the south Yellow Sea. Results show that the Brunhes/Matuyama polarity reversal boundary is located at a depth of 59.08 m. Constrained by both magnetostratigraphy and 14 C dating, three sedimentation episodes revealed by the benthic foraminifera content correspond to high sea level periods of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5–MIS9, MIS11–MIS17, and MIS19–MIS21, respectively. Cold-water benthic foraminifera species, total organic carbon, total sulfur, molybdenum element, and long-chain unsaturated alkenones index of the studied sediments show that both the YSWC and the YSCWM have evolved since the middle Pleistocene mainly due to combined effects of fluctuations of sea level and local tectonic subsidence. More specifically, both the YSWC and the YSCWM were intensified during high sea level periods of MIS5e–MIS9, MIS19 and MIS21. In addition, occurrence of the YSWC and the YSCWM are not always coeval as in the MIS5a–5d period, which is characterized by relatively stronger YSCWM but absence of the YSWC. These studies significantly improve our understanding of the evolution mechanism of both the YSWC and the YSCWM in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]