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Objective To investigate the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status of patients with osteoporosis in Xi'an. Methods Four hundred and forty osteoporotic patients were randomly selected from December in 2012 to November in 2013 in Xian. Fasting blood samples were collected. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was determined using electrochemiluminescence (Rocher, Swiss). These patients were divided in the winter-spring group (from December 2012 to May 2013) and summer-autumn group (from June 2013 to November 2013). The data were analyzed using a SPSS13. 0 software. Results Four hundred and forty osteoporotic patients were investigated, in which female patients were much more than male ones. Vitamin D inadequacy existed generally in osteoporotic patients. Among them, vitamin D deficiency and critical deficiency were in a greater ratio. There was no statistic difference in the level of vitamin D between the male and the female. Vitamin D level in osteoporotic patients in winter-spring group was lower than that in patients, in summer-autumn group. Conclusion The study shows that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in osteoporotic patients in Xi'an was common. No difference exists between males and females. The vitamin D level is associated with the change of the season. This study provides certain reference for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]