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Researchers from Xi'an Jiaotong University in China have developed a new method for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using pattern-optimized graphene-nanopyramid surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The method allows for the detection of biomarkers such as Tau proteins and A beta polypeptides with high sensitivity and accuracy. The researchers found that the hybrid SERS substrate exhibited detection limits of 10(-15) M for Tau and phospho-Tau (P-Tau) proteins and 10(-14) M for A beta polypeptides. This research provides a simple and effective way for the label-free detection of protein biomarkers, enabling the rapid early diagnosis of AD and other diseases. [Extracted from the article]