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Copyright of Confluenze. Rivista di Studi Iberoamericani is the property of Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Lingue, Letterature e Culture Moderne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The essay analyzes the theoretical conceptualization of the Caribbean through three fundamental approaches: 1) The colonial historical perspective, which begins with the arrival of the conquerors to the Antilles, which had as a consequence negative modification in the ways of life of the autochthonous populations, the exploitation of nature, the slave trade, among other situations that threaten the human condition and dignity. 2) The philosophical and emancipatory perspective, where the main problems when defining Caribbean philosophy are highlighted, due to academic factors, geographical and linguistic problems and the lack of interest of the conquerors in the cultural evolution of the region (Valdés, 2020). In addition, it points out the role of philosophy in the progress of independent thought, characterized by humanistic and subversive ideals, materialized in the Haitian Revolution and, later, in the independence of Cuba. 3) It explores how, despite a diverse colonial past, the Caribbean maintains its roots in its identity, becoming a diverse, and half-blood culture that is integrated into the struggles for the recognition of what is proper to being American. The method used is the hermeneutic-documentary. It concludes on the importance of the Caribbean as a pluriversal strategic space, with a common objective of struggle: the emancipation of modern / colonial power, manifested in hegemonic globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Charcoal preserved in lake sediments is commonly used to reconstruct past trends in fire occurrence. However, interpretation of the charcoal record is often complicated, as changes in charcoal influx could represent natural shifts in fire regimes associated with changes in climate, changes in vegetation, or changes in patterns of anthropogenic burning. Here we examine sedimentary charcoal records from three lakes on the Caribbean islands of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico: Laguna Saladilla in the Dominican Republic, Lake Miragoane in Haiti, and Laguna Tortuguero in Puerto Rico. All records are based on microscopic charcoal fragments quantified from pollen slides and cover the last 7,000 or more years of the Holocene. We compare charcoal influx values to archeological and palynological evidence of human activity and explore the role of increasing winter insolation over the Holocene in driving increased charcoal deposition beginning ca. 6,000–5,000 cal yr BP. An increase in charcoal influx at Laguna Tortuguero at ca. 5,200 cal yr BP, previously interpreted as a signal of human settlement predating archeological evidence, may instead reflect insolation-driven shifts in winter drying that led to more frequent and possibly more intense natural fires. Decreased charcoal influx around 3,200 cal yr BP may signal human modification of the environment that altered fire frequency and/or intensity. Comparing the records from these three lowland Caribbean sites highlights possible intervals of synchronous, climate-driven burning as distinct from more localized anthropogenic burning. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An essay is presented on non-Hispanic intrusions and invasions in the Spanish-claimed Caribbean, particularly Cuba, during the 16th century and first seven decades of the 17th. It examines the interplay between war and peace in Europe and conflicts in the Caribbean area, which historian Eric Williams named "the cockpit of Europe."

Copyright of Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais is the property of CBPC - Companhia Brasileira de Producao Cientifica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As part of a larger comparative study, marine polychaete hard-bottom assemblages were surveyed using artificial substrate units (ASUs) deployed at four sites off the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. The polychaete fauna was represented by 19 families comprising 89 species. The syllid Exogone dispar was the most abundant polychaete followed closely by the serpulid Pseudovermilia occidentalis. At the family level, the polychaete fauna inhabiting the ASUs is similar to the fauna from other temperate and tropical locations. Omnivorous species were dominant (70 %), followed by filter feeders (20%). This survey provides first records of the hard-bottom polychaete fauna of Trinidad and Tobago and adds new information about the geographic range of some polychaete species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the Mexican participation in the Association of Caribbean States. It shows the continuity of the Mexican political attitude toward these states despite of the propaganda of an alteration in the regime of Vicente Fox. It also reveals some elements which could increase the involvement in the future.