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Objectives: Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) is spread worldwide and has been described as a potential pathogen in immunosuppressed patients. Different clinical manifestations have been described including fever and skin rash; HHV-7 may also be a possible cofactor for cytomegalovirus disease in transplant recipients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of a group of 58 adult recipients of allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation was made. Serum samples taken in the range of 0-180 days after transplant were examined for presence of specific HHV-7 sequences using the quantitative real-time PCR method. Results: HHV-7 DNA was detected in plasma samples in 26 (45%) of the 58 recipients between day 20 and day 65 of transplantation. All of them developed fever of unknown origin; also HHV-5 DNA was detected in plasma samples collected from 11 HHV-7-positive patients. None of the described individuals died during detectable HHV-7 or HHV-5 viremia periods. Conclusions: There is a high frequency of detectable HHV-7 viral load in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients in Poland. Limited availability and sensitivity of serological methods along with the necessity of rapid introduction of antiviral treatment has forced the development of molecular diagnostics. Furthermore, establishment of appropriate procedures for monitoring active HHV-7 infection is important to clarify the virus infection in transplant recipients. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]