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Referring to written and iconographical sources, this paper discusses celebrations to honour St. Casimir that took place in 1604 and 1636 in Vilnius and in 1636 in Palermo. The purpose is to reveal the particularities, similarities and differences between St. Casimir's festivities that were celebrated at the same time, but in different places, or at different times, but in the same place. St. Casimir's festivities in 1604 should be associated to celebrations characteristic to the canonisation of saints at the time. The 1636 festivities dedicated to the saint are related to the transference of his remains into a new titular chapel of the Vilnius Cathedral. The same year, in another part of Europe, St. Casimir was announced the patron saint of Palermo, and a great theatricalised celebration took place on that occasion. The paper tries to answer the following questions: do the festivities under different names (St. Casimir's Procession, St. Casimir's Triumph) that were celebrated for different purposes differ in their expression and artistic highlights? Does the character of festivities depend on the country's traditions and on the power of local foundators? Do personal pious intentions influence in any way the size, image and sound of festivities? What is the 'long-term value' of 17th century St. Casimir's festivities in Vilnius and Palermo? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]