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Workload has consistently been found to be a predictor of burnout in teachers. However, while academia considers workload a psychological concept, the public tends to simplify workload as the number of tasks assigned. This study seeks to provide further evidence of the psychological nature of workload by examining if workload understood in terms of quantity of work had any effect on teacher burnout and whether this relationship was moderated by psychological processes such as self-efficacy and mediated by stress. 117 primary and high school teachers holding at least two roles at school participated in the study. Teacher burnout was measured using MBI-ES, self-efficacy was measured by OSTES and stress and workload were measured by single-item questions. Results showed that workload (i.e., the number of roles assigned) did not have a main effect on burnout. Perceived stress and self-efficacy had direct effects on teacher burnout: stress increased burnout while self-efficacy reduced burnout. Self-efficacy had a significant moderation effect on workload-burnout interaction. Workload increased burnout only in teachers with low self-efficacy while stress did not moderate the workload-burnout relationship. These findings support the psychological nature of the relationship between workload and burnout among teachers. They also point out the importance of enhancing teacher stress management and self-efficacy in protecting them from burnout.

Nowadays, cashew trees are mainly cultivated to collect cashew nuts, leading to the large amounts of cashew apples (known as the by-product of the cashew industry) being eliminated due to astringent taste caused by tannin. This is the reason why although cashew apples contain many nutritious compounds as vitamin C, polyphenols, sugars, antioxidants are still underutilized in manufacturing beverages. Hence, aiming to evaluate the potential of cashew in terms of effect of pretreatment methods on extraction yield and nutritional values of extracted cashew apple juice, the organic cashew apples collected in Binh Phuoc, Vietnam were examined. The impact of 11 pretreatment methods including blanching cashew apple in different media and incubating in pectinase on extraction yield, tannin and other nutritional values were evaluated. Using enzyme Pectinex Ultra SP-L 0.01% in 2 hours gave extraction yield of 83.89±0.4% which was highest compared to other examined pretreatment methods in the study. Enzymatic pretreatment resulted in 36.5% reduction in tannin content and other nutritious values changed slightly. The obtained results emphasis the potential of cashew apples as a raw material for nutritional beverage production in hope of reducing the quantity of discarded cashew apples. Consequently, this study developed methods in order to add economic value to cashew apple and decrease the negative impacts of the cashew industry to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of methadone maintenance treatment patients in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 967 patients being treated at two methadone clinics in Ho Chi Minh City, in 2018. Patient's HRQoL was estimated using the EQ-5D-5L and Visual analogue scale (VAS). Tobit regressions were used to identify factors related to patient's HRQoL. Overall, the mean EQ-5D-5L utility and EQ-VAS indexes were 0.96 (SD = 0.12) and 75.8 (SD=15.5), respectively. Higher EQ-5D-5L score were found in single patients, and have a higher monthly income, while patients aged under 30 years old, have full-time employment, and have higher education were associated with a higher EQ-VAS score. HIV was associated with lower scores of both EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS (□ = -0.07 (95%CI: -0.13; -0.01), and □ = -7.10 (95%CI: -9.23; -4.98), respectively). HRQoL measurement provides valuable information for the policymaker to adopt suitable decisions on opioid dependence treatment. The finding shows education, employment, and socioeconomic status are the related elements with higher HRQoL, which suggested that the policymakers and physicians should pay more attention to these aspects while working on treatment plans for drug users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health education through music video plays a vital role in raising a person's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors positively connected to health during COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19-related musicvideo-watching and examine associated factors among the Vietnamese population. Methods: A cross-sectional study in Vietnam was conducted in February 2021 via the Internet. Results: Among 658 participants, the prevalence of COVID-19-related music-video-watching was 89.1% among people. In the multivariable regression models, significant factors for COVID-19-related musicvideo-watching were living area, types of housemate, age groups, and current occupation. Conclusions: Lessons on health education to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic in Vietnam could be useful for similar settings in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on coping strategies and social support among Vietnamese cancer caregivers remains limited. In this study, we aim to examine the relationships between types of coping strategies utilized and social support among cancer caregivers. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in three main cancer hospitals in the Northern, Central and Southern regions of Vietnam. The 28-item Brief COPE Inventory (BCI) Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were utilized. Descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression were performed. Active coping, acceptance and positive reframing were the most used coping strategies among participants, while substance use was the least commonly used. Level of social support was positively correlated with the utilization of coping mechanisms. Receiving high social support and utilizing positive coping strategies enables caregivers to mitigate their caregiving burden, control the situation and enhance their own quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study has analyzed the psychological manifestations of cultural conflict among Vietnamese youth. To achieve this goal, we surveyed 739 students at 3 universities, including 2 universities in Hanoi and one university in Tuyen Quang (Vietnam). Research results have shown that differences in gender, school year and school affect the degree of cultural conflict among young people. Of these three variables, school has the most significant impact on all three psychological aspects of cultural conflict. On this basis, the study gives several recommendations to help young people deal with cultural conflicts more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet addiction leaves serious negative impacts on students' physical and mental health. This study examined the prevalence of Internet addiction among college students in Hanoi, Vietnam and the relationship between Internet addiction and its related factors. 25.5% of the students in this study fitted the criteria of Internet addiction. Factors that correlated with Internet addiction included Internet usage, academic performance, loneliness, and stress. Internet addiction was not affected by gender, family situation, selfesteem, life satisfaction, depression, and anxiety. Prevention and intervention measures should be implemented inside and outside of universities to raise students' awareness of Internet addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Seeing portrayals of tobacco and alcohol in music videos (MVs) may reduce perceived risks, increase susceptibility, and lead to the initiation of tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents and young adults. Previous studies have predominantly concentrated on assessing tobacco and alcohol contents in English-language MVs within Western countries. However, many other countries have not only been influenced by the English music market but have also produced music in their native languages, and this content remains underexamined., Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of tobacco- and alcohol-related content in top Vietnamese MVs on YouTube from 2013 to 2021, to describe how tobacco and alcohol are portrayed in these MVs, and to examine associations between these portrayals and MV characteristics., Methods: A total of 410 Vietnamese MVs, including the top 40 or 50 most viewed released each year between 2013 and 2021, were analyzed. General information, such as the song name, its release date and ranking, age restriction, musical genre, and type of MV, was collected. We examined tobacco and alcohol content in the MVs, with specific details such as tobacco types, their brands, as well as the number, age, sex, and roles of individuals smoking or drinking., Results: Among the 410 MVs, 36 (8.8%) contained tobacco-related content and 136 (33.2%) featured alcohol-related content. Additionally, 28 (6.8%) out of 410 MVs included both tobacco and alcohol content. The prevalence of videos with tobacco and alcohol content fluctuated over the years. In MVs with tobacco-related content, a higher proportion of hip-hop or rap songs contained tobacco-related content (n=6, 30%) compared to other music genres. In MVs with tobacco-related content, cigarettes were the most frequently shown product (n=28, 77.8%), and smoking scenes were often depicted at parties (n=13, 36.1%) and during dancing and singing scenes (n=12, 33.3%). Among the 31 MVs portraying actual tobacco use, tobacco use was typically depicted with 1 person, often a young adult male, while 38.7% (n=12) showed singer(s) smoking. For MVs with alcohol-related content, there was a high proportion showing alcohol images at parties, bars, or pubs (n=96, 70.6%). Among 87 MVs containing drinking scenes, 60.9% (n=53) involved groups of young adults of both sexes, and 64% (n=56) depicted singers drinking. Additionally, only 2 (5.6%) MVs included health warnings about tobacco harm, and 2 MVs (1.5%) included warnings about drinking restricted to individuals 18 years and above., Conclusions: The notable prevalence of tobacco and alcohol content in leading Vietnamese YouTube MVs raises concerns, especially as most of this content is portrayed without any warnings. The study underscores a regulatory gap in addressing such content on the internet, emphasizing the urgent need for stricter regulations and age restrictions on platforms such as YouTube., (©Thi Phuong Thao Tran, Thu Trang Vu, Yachao Li, Lucy Popova. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (https://www.jmir.org), 08.11.2024.)

Evaluation of liver fibrosis is necessary to make the therapeutic decision and assess the prognosis of CHB patients. The current study aimed to describe the progression and identify some influencing factors in patients with chronic hepatitis B at a General Hospital in Northern Vietnam. The longitudinal study included 55 eligible subjects diagnosed Hepatitis-B-virus. Dependent variable was the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index and we collected some demographic variables and disease related and behaviour variables. Bayesian Model Averaging was used to select variables into model. Mixed-effect linear models were used to evaluate the change of the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index over time and identify related factors. the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index differences between examinations, age of participants, working status were statistically significant. This pattern indicated that the average the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index of the population decreased by 0.005 (95% CI=-0.009; -0.001) after each patient's visit, and increased by 0.013 if the patient's age increased by 1 year (95% CI=0.005; 0.0219). For non-working patients, the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index was lower, coefficient was -0.054 (95% CI=-0.108; 0.001). Other variables such as gender, education level, time for disease detection, drinking tea, alcohol consumption, forgetting to take medicine and the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index were not significantly different. The study showed that the majority of study subjects had average the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index, and were relatively well controlled and treated during the study. Age and working status are factors that influence the the aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Endophytic microbes associated with medicinal plants are considered to be potential producers of various bioactive secondary metabolites. The present study investigated the distribution, antimicrobial activity and genetic features of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from the medicinal plant Cinnamomum cassia Presl collected in Hoa Binh province of northern Vietnam. Based on phenotypic characteristics, 111 actinomycetes were isolated from roots, stems and leaves of the host plants by using nine selective media. The isolated actinomycetes were mainly recovered from stems (n = 67; 60.4%), followed by roots (n = 29; 26.1%) and leaves (n = 15; 13.5%). The isolates were accordingly assigned into 5 color categories of aerial mycelium, of which gray is the most dominant (n = 42; 37.8%), followed by white (n = 33; 29.7%), yellow (n = 25; 22,5%), red (n = 8; 7.2%) and green (n = 3; 2.7%). Of the total endophytic actinomycetes tested, 38 strains (occupying 34.2%) showed antimicrobial activity against at least one of nine tested microbes and, among them, 26 actinomycetes (68.4%) revealed anthracycline-like antibiotics production. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences deposited on GenBank (NCBI) of the antibiotic-producing actinomycetes identified 3 distinct genera, including Streptomyces, Microbacterium, and Nocardia, among which Streptomyces genus was the most dominant and represented 25 different species. Further genetic investigation of the antibiotic-producing actinomycetes found that 28 (73.7%) and 11 (28.9%) strains possessed genes encoding polyketide synthase (pks) and nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps), respectively. The findings in the present study highlighted endophytic actinomycetes from C. cassia Presl which possessed broad-spectrum bioactivities with the potential for applications in the agricultural and pharmaceutical sectors.