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The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of School-Level Environment Questionnaire (SLEQ) in the Vietnam context. The study tested the nomological validity of the main measurement model and a competing model. The participants included 29 interviewees and 408 Vietnamese high-school teachers in Ho Chi Minh City. Interview data were used to seek preliminary support for the measurement model and indicators. Survey data were analyzed employing Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling. A 9-dimension SLEQ with 38 indicators was validated. The dimensions of school climate have various effects on teachers' job satisfaction.

The prevalence of common perinatal mental disorders in Vietnam ranges from 16.9% to 39.9%, and substantial treatment gaps have been identified at all levels. This paper explores constraints to the integration of maternal and mental health services at the primary healthcare level and the implications for the health system's responsiveness to the needs and expectations of pregnant women with mental health conditions in Vietnam. As part of the RESPONSE project, a three-phase realist evaluation study, we present Phase 1 findings, which employed systematic and scoping literature reviews and qualitative data collection (focus groups and interviews) with key health system actors in Bac Giang province, Vietnam, to understand the barriers to maternal mental healthcare provision, utilization and integration strategies. A four-level framing of the barriers to integrating perinatal mental health services in Vietnam was used in reporting findings, which comprised individual, sociocultural, organizational and structural levels. At the sociocultural and structural levels, these barriers included cultural beliefs about the holistic notion of physical and mental health, stigma towards mental health, biomedical approach to healthcare services, absence of comprehensive mental health policy and a lack of mental health workforce. At the organizational level, there was an absence of clinical guidelines on the integration of mental health in routine antenatal visits, a shortage of staff and poor health facilities. Finally, at the provider level, a lack of knowledge and training on mental health was identified. The integration of mental health into routine antenatal visits at the primary care level has the potential help to reduce stigma towards mental health and improve health system responsiveness by providing services closer to the local level, offering prompt attention, better choice of services and better communication while ensuring privacy and confidentiality of services. This can improve the demand for mental health services and help reduce the delay of care-seeking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the relationship between accounting information reflected in financial statements and stock return in Vietnam Stock Market. The authors propose a research model to define the relationship. Besides, machine learning algorithms are used in researching and forecasting, with data obtained from observed firms during the period from 2009 to 2020. Research results show that gradient boosting algorithm has the best self-reporting performance and financial ratios also have great impact on stock returns, including operating income growth, stock earnings volatility, dividend yield, earnings before tax-to-equity ratio, cash holding ratio, and accrual quality. Based on the research results, the authors make some recommendations for investors, firms, and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the impact of cash flow volatility on the debt structure of listed enterprises in Vietnam in period from 2009 to 2020. We use general least square method and percentile regression to examine this impact. Research results show that there exists an inverse relationship between cash flow volatility and corporate debt structure (financial leverage, short-term debt and long-term debt) of Vietnamese enterprises during the research period. In particular, unlike previous studies on cash flow volatility, this study further examines impact of the COVID pandemic on the relationship between cash flow volatility and debt structure. The test results show that cash flow volatility in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has an positive impact on debt structure. At the same time, the study also finds that the cash flow volatility will decrease as the percentile of the debt structure increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examined the impact of Earnings Management (EM) in Vietnam, the impact of the debt structure, including short-term and long-term debt on EM, and how debt structure relationships affect EM in the presence and absence of financial constraints. The study adopted OLS regression, Quantile Regression, and Regression decomposition. Researching data were obtained from listed companies on the stock market in Vietnam from 2008 to 2019, with 5263 observations. The findings have found that short-term and long-term debt positively impacted EM, while long-term debt was inversely proportional to EM. Besides, there is no heterogeneity among quantile levels. In addition, it showed that debt only had an impact on EM when the firm had no financial constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed and verified a new hybrid machine learning model, named random forest machine (RFM), for the spatial prediction of shallow landslides. RFM is a hybridization of two state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, random forest classifier (RFC) and support vector machine (SVM), in which RFC is used to generate subsets from training data and SVM is used to build decision functions for these subsets. To construct and verify the hybrid RFM model, a shallow landslide database of the Lang Son area (northern Vietnam) was prepared. The database consisted of 101 shallow landslide polygons and 14 conditioning factors. The relevance of these factors for shallow landslide susceptibility modeling was assessed using the ReliefF method. Experimental results pointed out that the proposed RFM can help to achieve the desired prediction with an F1 score of roughly 0.96. The performance of the RFM was better than those of benchmark approaches, including the SVM, RFC, and logistic regression. Thus, the newly developed RFM is a promising tool to help local authorities in shallow landslide hazard mitigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study investigated barriers to, and factors associated with, observed motorcycle helmet use among motorcyclists in Hai Duong Province, Vietnam. The findings highlighted an array of factors associated with observed helmet use namely, support for universal helmet legislation and a positive attitude towards what might be perceived as negative attributes of helmet use such as inconvenience and discomfort in hot weather. As well, older age (greater than 25 years in age), riding on a compulsory road, being a driver, trips of greater than 10km, higher levels of education (having a university degree and higher) were found to be key determinants of helmet use. Despite over 95% of motorcyclists disagreeing with the statement that wearing a helmet does not reduce the severity of head injury in a crash, most motorcyclists believed that helmets did not need to be worn for a short trip. Overall, only 23% of motorcyclists were observed wearing a helmet. The authors conclude that efforts to increase helmet use need to focus on the necessity for universal helmet legislation in association with identifying solutions to reduce the negative attitudes towards helmet use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]