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Climate is known to influence the timing and success of breeding in many bird species. In the northern hemisphere, significant breeding changes have been associated with climate change, with warming temperatures, often, but not always, corresponding to earlier laying. For the critically endangered Helmeted Honeyeater (Lichenostomus melanops cassidix) of central southern Victoria, Australia, climate also plays a role in the timing and success of breeding. During the period 1989 to 2006, the timing of laying became earlier and there was a possible reduction in the mean number of eggs laid per breeding season. These changes correspond to a reduction in rainfall and mild warming. If these trends continue under projected climate-change regimes, there will be increased risk of further population decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]