1. COVID-19 vaccination and lethality reduction: a prospective observational study in Venezuela during the last two waves.
- Author
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Forero-Peña, David A., Leyva, Jéssica L., Valenzuela, María V., Omaña-Ávila, Óscar D., Regalado-Gutiérrez, Oriana A., Mendoza-Millán, Daniela L., Sánchez-Ytriago, Elisanny A., Lahoud-El Hachem, Andrea C., Farro, Katherine R., Maita, Ana K., González, Romina del C., Rodriguez-Saavedra, Carlis M., Hernández-Medina, Fernando, Camejo-Ávila, Natasha A., Freitas-de Nobrega, Diana C., Celis, Rodrigo T., Forero-Peña, José L., Martínez, Alfonso, Grillet, María E., and Landaeta, María E.
- Subjects
THROMBOSIS prevention ,PUBLIC hospitals ,OXYGEN saturation ,ANTIBIOTICS ,ADRENOCORTICAL hormones ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,PHYSICAL diagnosis ,LOW-molecular-weight heparin ,ACADEMIC medical centers ,T-test (Statistics) ,DATA analysis ,VACCINE effectiveness ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,INTERVIEWING ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,FISHER exact test ,LOGISTIC regression analysis ,COVID-19 vaccines ,HOSPITAL mortality ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction ,SEVERITY of illness index ,MANN Whitney U Test ,CHI-squared test ,SYMPTOMS ,FIBRIN fibrinogen degradation products ,LONGITUDINAL method ,ODDS ratio ,ENOXAPARIN ,ANTIVIRAL agents ,KAPLAN-Meier estimator ,LOG-rank test ,RESEARCH ,MEDICAL records ,ACQUISITION of data ,ARTIFICIAL respiration ,STATISTICS ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,METHYLPREDNISOLONE ,DATA analysis software ,COVID-19 pandemic ,COVID-19 ,VACCINATION status ,ANTIPARASITIC agents ,IMMUNOMODULATORS ,NONPARAMETRIC statistics ,COMORBIDITY ,EPIDEMIOLOGICAL research ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Background: In Venezuela, the predominant vaccines administered are BBIBP-CorV and Gam-COVID-Vac. Despite robust evidence from randomized clinical trials validating the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in mitigating hospitalization and mortality, there is still a lack of post-authorization safety studies conducted within this demographic population. Methods: A prospective observational study from October 5, 2021 to March 31, 2022 encompassed COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated patients from four sentinel hospitals in Venezuela. Patient lethality was predicted using Charlson Comorbidity index. Clinical outcomes were assessed through WHO's COVID-19 Clinical Progression Scale. Results: Out of the 175 patients assessed, 85 (48.6%) were vaccinated. The median Charlson Comorbidity index was 3 points, with no statistically significant differences observed between the groups (p = 0.2). A total of 50 (28.6%) patients died during the study period, with higher proportion of deaths in unvaccinated patients (35.6% vs. 21.2%, p = 0.035). Advanced age (OR = 1.043, 95% CI = 1.015–1.071, p = 0.002) was associated with increased death risk, whereas vaccination against COVID-19 (OR = 0.428, 95% CI = 0.185–0.99, p = 0.047), high oxygen saturation (OR = 0.964, 95% CI = 0.934–0.995, p = 0.024), and enoxaparin administration (OR = 0.292, 95% CI = 0.093–0.917, p = 0.035) were associated with decreased death risk. Conclusion: During the third and fourth waves of the pandemic, COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a 57% reduction in lethality among patients in four public hospitals in Venezuela. Key summary points: Less than half (48.6%) of the patients were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. At least one out of four patients died during the study period, mainly in the unvaccinated group. Advanced age was associated with a higher risk of death. Vaccination against COVID-19, high oxygen, and enoxaparin administration were factors associated with a lower risk of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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