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Background: Talazoparib is a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor approved in the US for HER2-negative germline BRCA1/2-mutated (gBRCA1/2mut) locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer. Approval was based on results from the Phase 3 EMBRACA trial comparing efficacy and safety of talazoparib (1 mg/day) to physician's choice of therapy ([PCT]; capecitabine, eribulin, gemcitabine, or vinorelbine) in patients with HER2-negative gBRCA1/2mut locally advanced/ metastatic breast cancer. Objectives: The purpose of this analysis was to describe efficacy and safety outcomes of talazoparib vs PCT in US patients included in the pivotal EMBRACA study. Methods: Clinical findings from US patients enrolled in EMBRACA were analyzed. Patient characteristics, progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), and safety/adverse events (AEs) were among the parameters assessed. Results: Of 431 randomized patients, 156 patients (36%) were from the US (talazoparib: 99 patients; PCT: 57 patients). Patient characteristics were balanced, although a higher percentage in the talazoparib arm had more poor prognostic features (e.g. triple-negative breast cancer, disease-free interval <12 months, and more disease sites). A total of 53 patients (53.5%) had hormone receptor (HR)+ breast cancer in the talazoparib arm and 37 patients (64.9%) had HR+ breast cancer in the PCT arm. Talazoparib improved PFS (median 9.0 [95% confi- dence interval (CI), 7.0-12.9] months) vs PCT (median 5.8 [95% CI, 4.2-6.7] months); hazard ratio (HR [95% CI]), 0.5 (0.3-0.7). ORR occurred in 51 patients (63.0%) receiving talazoparib and 11 patients (24.4%) receiving PCT. CBR was 68.7% (95% CI, 58.6-77.6) for talazoparib and 33.3% (95% CI, 21.4-47.1) for PCT; odds ratio (95% CI), 4.7 (2.2-10.6). Median duration of response was 5.0 months and 3.1 months for talazoparib and PCT, respectively. The most common AEs in the talazoparib arm included anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, nausea, alopecia, and headache; hematologic grade 3/4 AEs occurred more often than nonhematologic AEs. Six out of 99 (6.1%) patients in the talazoparib arm and 6/43 (14.0%) patients in the PCT arm discontinued treatment. Conclusions: In US patients with HER2-negative gBRCA1/2mut locally advanced/metastatic breast cancer, talazoparib demonstrated significant improvements in outcomes vs PCT with a manageable safety profile. Note: © 2019 American Society of Clinical Oncology, Inc. Reused with permission. This abstract was accepted and previously presented at the 2019 ASCO Annual Meeting. All rights reserved. Clinical trial identification: NCT01945775 Funding: This study was sponsored by Medivation, which was acquired by Pfizer in September 2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This scoping review explores (a) barriers faced by immigrant families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) when accessing healthcare-related services in the United States, (b) where research stands based on the health disparity research framework, and (c) implications for future health disparities research with this population. Our scoping review found 26 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2020 that met our inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and synthesized based on the stages of research outlined in the health disparity research framework. Overall, immigrant families experienced barriers on multiple levels including patient, provider, and healthcare system levels. Studies focusing on detecting and reducing disparities are emerging. We conclude with recommendations for future research and practice with immigrant families of children with IDD., (©AAIDD.)

Introduction: Electronic cigarettes have been widely used all over the world. It is not clear what the advantages and disadvantages of a novelty in daily life are that is attracting increasing attention. Up to now, no bibliometric studies on e-cigarettes have been published in databases. Therefore, we are willing to explore directions and research hotspots in this emerging field by using bibliometrics to analyze research areas, publishing countries and institutions, high-output authors, and future trends of e-cigarettes in recent years. Compared with the traditional review, the bibliometric study can provide some information on core journals, articles, researchers, institutions, and countries concentrating on this topic to guide experimentation strategies and funding decisions., Methods: A bibliometric analysis was performed by CiteSpace and VOSviewer up to April 2022 in the core collection of Web of Science. HistCite, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R-based Bibliometrix 4.1.0 packages were used to analyze literature information, including year, journal, country, institute, author, keywords, and co-cited references., Results: Research related to e-cigarettes has proliferated since its inception around 2010. A total of 2,302 studies were published in 689 journals by our search method. Nicotine and tobacco research was the most published journal. The most prolific country was the United States, while the most influential institution was Virginia Commonwealth University. Eight of the top ten authors were from the United States. Oxidative stress, high school students, smoking cessation, delivery, behavioral economics, and exposure were the top topics., Conclusions: As an emerging social phenomenon, research on e-cigarettes has increased significantly over the past decade, particularly from 2015 to 2020. The top three core journals are Nicotine and Tobacco Research, the International Journal of Environmental Research, and Public Health. Eisenberg-Thomas had published numerous articles on e-cigarettes that had been co-cited in many papers. Oxidative stress, high school students, and smoking cessation are the top three areas of e-cigarette-related research, which were also important areas for further investigation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Hong, Wu, Yao, Yang, Wei, Han, Feng and Fan.)