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Based on theoretical frameworks of resource-based theory, dynamic capabilities, and behavioral perspective on human resource management, we developed a multidimensional construct of human resource ( HR) capabilities and tested its relationship with quality of patient care using a national sample of U.S. hospitals. The data on HR capabilities were collected from senior managers (421 individuals nested in 279 hospitals) representing both the administrative and clinical sides of the hospitals. The data on quality of patient care were gathered from two unique sources-patients of 207 hospitals who reported the data via the hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems Survey, and 421 senior managers of 279 hospitals. Our analyses using structural equation modeling suggests that the positive relationship of HR capabilities with quality of patient care is mediated by proactive behaviors of health care workers. Implications of the study findings for research and practice are discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational sponsors of guest workers to the United States claim foreign‐born workers enhance productivity and innovation. Drawing upon a unique dataset of all organizational sponsors of guest workers in the United States from 1993 to 2008, we find a 10% increase in guest worker sponsorship is associated with a 2.2–3.1% increase in patenting within firms. Furthermore, we examine how organizational industry and country of origin are associated with the effects of guest worker sponsorship on organization‐level measures of innovation and productivity. Despite an overall within‐firm positive association between sponsorship and patenting, higher percentages of a firm's workers on visas are associated with lower patenting, but higher labor productivity. Firm‐level industry and country of origin heterogeneity is significantly related to the relationship between guest work sponsorship and both patent‐related and nonpatent investment in innovation such as research and development (R&D) expenditures. Semiconductor firms and universities spend more on R&D in conjunction with guest worker sponsorship, while semiconductor companies and hardware companies patent less. We discuss theoretical and human resource implications, and offer suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examine Chinese host country nationals' (HCNs') willingness to offer role information and social support to expatriates from the United States. Using data from 132 Chinese managers, we find that ethnocentrism, interpersonal affect, and guanxi significantly impact HCNs' willingness to offer help to expatriates. Furthermore, we find that the job level of the expatriate has a significant impact on HCNs' willingness to offer role information but not on willingness to offer social support. The results suggest that paying attention to the perceptions and reactions of HCNs toward expatriates is imperative for multinational companies if expatriates are to succeed on their assignments. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory argues that supervisor-subordinate interactions in the workplace are guided by the type of relationship that develops in each individual dyad, and that the quality of the relationship significantly impacts critical outcomes such as performance ratings. Further, it has been argued that supervisors and subordinates often view the relationship through different lenses - leading to significantly different perceptions of the quality of relationship. In this field study, using data from 32 supervisors and 104 subordinates in the US, and 72 supervisors and 116 subordinates in Poland, we examine the relationship between LMX and performance ratings, as well as compare supervisor and subordinate perceptions of the relationship. In both samples, supervisor ratings of LMX quality were higher than those of the subordinates, and subordinates who received higher LMX ratings from their supervisors also received higher performance ratings. Finally, the correlation between supervisor and subordinate ratings of LMX was significantly higher for the Polish sample as compared to the US sample. We discuss the results in terms of both theoretical and practical significance, and offer suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interpersonal affect, a like-dislike relationship between a supervisor and his/her subordinate, has traditionally been conceptualized as a source of bias in performance appraisals. However, some researchers have argued that the interpersonal affect may not be a bias, especially where it develops as a result of past performance. In this field study, using data from 190 supervisors in the US, and 113 supervisors in India, we delineate the relationship between interpersonal affect and performance ratings. In both samples, interpersonal affect and performance level were found to have significant effects on performance ratings. Results from the US sample indicated that raters are able to separate their liking for a subordinate from actual performance when assigning performance ratings, suggesting that the interpersonal affect does not operate as a bias in the appraisal process. Results from the Indian sample, however, suggest that supervisors inflate ratings of low performers, suggesting that local cultural norms may be operating as a moderator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the findings of a study regarding the Unfair Labor Practice (ULP) Settlement Program of the U.S. National Labor Relations Board. Arbitration is one of the most widely known and used forms of Administrative Dispute Resolution (ADR). The ULP settlement conference offers an informal hearing similar to that in arbitration and an open-ended process. These features could stimulate the disputants to resolve their differences. The results of this study indicate that the parties to the ULP settlement judge program were satisfied because they had greater control over the process and the outcome of their dispute relative to existing government processes. Historically, this has been an underlying positive assumption of the basic tenet of arbitration. Generally, an organization should adopt an ADR program if it has been subjected to a costly employment lawsuit in the past or is particularly vulnerable to them because of an urban location, a diverse work force, or a high turnover rate. By making the ADR process a part of the corporate structure, the organization may be able to improve employee morale and productivity. This reasoning should apply as well to the ULP settlement judge program and encourage other government agencies to use similar programs. If they do, this study suggests that they would likely see more settlements, lower costs, speedier final outcomes, and positive ratings by the participants in the program.

Offers a look at the factors which the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission believed are significant impediments on the utilization of equal employment opportunities mediation program. Reasons for the underutilization of alternative dispute resolution (ADR); Challenges related to the use of voluntary ADR.