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Background: Teleophthalmology programs are expanding, but have not been adapted into many emergency departments (EDs) in the United States. Introduction: Determining the potential demand for teleophthalmology services in the United States. EDs could enable development of new strategies to improve access to eye care in resource-limited regions. Methods: Telephone surveys were administered to ED physicians and nurses in Florida. Perceptions of ophthalmologist availability, equipment availability, and perceived utility of teleophthalmology services were measured. Results: Responses were from 104 of 207 facilities (50.2%); 88/181 (48.6%) designated as nonrural hospitals (NRHs) and 16/26 (61.5%) as rural hospitals (RHs). NRHs reported a median of 1 ophthalmologist available on call compared with a median of 0 at RHs (p < 0.001). NRHs were more likely to have a slit lamp (98.9% NRH, 50.0% RH; p < 0.001) and tonometer (100% NRH, 75.0% RH; p < 0.001). On a scale from 1 (lowest) to 5, most (68/93; 73.1%) perceived the value of teleophthalmology for remote consults as a 4 or 5. The most common perceived benefit of teleophthalmology use was to provide second/expert opinion (26.5% of responses). The most commonly cited perceived disadvantage was the physical unavailability of an ophthalmologist for examination and follow-up care (35.5% of responses). Discussion: RHs have less access to ophthalmologists and ophthalmic equipment when managing eye-related complaints in the ED. At both RHs and NRHs, providers face limitations in managing eye complaints and perceived teleophthalmology as a potentially valuable tool for remote expert consultation. Conclusions: Results suggest teleophthalmology services may be used to improve access to expert ophthalmic care, particularly in rural communities.

In a multicenter, open-label evaluation, 1098 patients with ocular itching and a history of perennial or seasonal allergic conjunctivitis instilled one drop of nedocromil sodium 2% twice daily in each eye. Ocular symptoms, signs, and global improvement were assessed at baseline and 1 month; satisfaction scores, quality-of-life variables, and adverse events were also recorded. Significant improvements from baseline (P<.012) occurred in mean severity scores for itching, burning, stinging, watering, swelling, tired eyes, dryness, gritty sensation, eye pain, foreign-body sensation, and light sensitivity. Physicians reported significant reductions (P<.0001) in bulbar conjunctival redness and swelling. Two thirds of patients (634/954) and three fourths of physicians (710/954) reported at least 75% improvement in overall condition after 1 month. The most common adverse events were burning (2.7%) and unpleasant taste (1.4%); headache (1.2%) and adverse events leading to discontinuation (1.3%) were rare. Patients reported significant improvement (P<.001) in their ability to perform daily activities; 65% were more satisfied with nedocromil than with their typical medication. Physicians would prescribe nedocromil again to 80% of the patients. Nedocromil sodium 2% twice daily was effective and safe for the treatment of symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis, significantly improving quality of life and producing high rates of user and physician satisfaction.

In diabetes, the links between long-term complications and chronic hyperglycaemia and the risk of hypoglycaemia during intensive treatment have been well-documented. However, the potential short- or long-term benefits of glycaemic control on quality of life and cognitive functions have generally been reported as minimal or nil. Patients do not perceive the connection between better glycaemic control and quality of life. The potential advantages of Ozidia, whether in terms of glycaemic control, tolerance or ease of use, suggest that this treatment may provide improved quality of life. Two studies have investigated this possibility. The first, carried out over a 16-week period in the United States, was a randomised double-blind Ozidia vs placebo study in 594 non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetic patients to evaluate the respective influences of glycaemic control, symptoms of hyperglycaemia and side-effects of treatment on quality of life. The results were important, indicating a decrease in short-term clinical symptoms and an improvement in the quality of life, in correlation with decreased HbA1C. The quality of life of NIDDM patients can be improved by stricter glycaemic control, and thus can modify in the choice of therapeutic strategies and cost-benefit evaluation of intensive glycaemic control. The second study now under way in France concerns an evaluation of the quality of life of NIDDM patients before and after treatment with Ozidia. More than 600 diabetologists are involved, and the study should include 1,500 patients. The purpose is to show that Ozidia effectively improves quality of life by encouraging treatment compliance and improving treatment effectiveness. Thanks to self-monitoring of glycaemia, patients can measure the efficacy of their treatment regularly at various times of the day. A dose 5 to 15 mg/day of Ozidia is administered in this open 12-week study. The results will not be available before the end of 1997.