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How widespread are social network effects? To answer this, I introduce a page-based approach for identifying individuals living in close proximity and compare how the propensity to work in the same industry varies among worker pairs residing in the same versus different areas. Across the 70 largest cities in the early twentieth-century United States, those from the same area are more likely to work in the same industry. On average, the increase in propensity is around 14%–20% of the baseline mean. These effects also tend to be stronger among single women and migrants from the same country of origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Was there a tradeoff between family size and education during the demographic transition in the United States? Exploiting the occurrence of twin births as a source of exogenous variation in family size, I find that an additional sibling reduces the likelihood of attending school by one to two percentage points. To evaluate the persistence of family size effects, I create a linked sample of boys between 1920 and 1940. Individuals raised in larger families accumulate less human capital by adulthood. However, the impact of family size is quantitatively small relative to the average level of education in the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent scholarship highlights the importance of public discourse for the mobilization and impact of social movements, but it neglects how cultural products may shift discourse and thereby influence mobilization and political outcomes. This study investigates how activism against hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) utilized cultural artifacts to influence public perceptions and effect change. A systematic analysis of Internet search data, social media postings, and newspaper articles allows us to identify how the documentary Gasland reshaped public discourse. We find that Gasland contributed not only to greater online searching about fracking, but also to increased social media chatter and heightened mass media coverage. Local screenings of Gasland contributed to anti-fracking mobilizations, which, in turn, affected the passage of local fracking moratoria in the Marcellus Shale states. These results have implications not only for understanding movement outcomes, but also for theory and research on media, the environment, and energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phycobiliproteins are gaining popularity as long-term, high-value natural products which can be alternatives to synthetic products. This study analyzed research trends of phycobiliproteins from 1909 to 2020 using a bibliometric approach based on the Scopus database. The current findings showed that phycobiliprotein is a burgeoning field in terms of publications outputs with "biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology" as the most related and focused subject. The Journal of Applied Phycology was the most productive journal in publishing articles on phycobiliproteins. Although the United States of America (U.S.A.) contributed the most publications on phycobiliproteins, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) is the institution with the largest number of publications. The most productive author on phycobiliproteins was Glazer, Alexander N. (U.S.A.). The U.S.A. and Germany were at the forefront of international collaboration in this field. According to the keyword analysis, the most explored theme was the optimization of microalgae culture parameters and phycobiliproteins extraction methods. The bioactivity properties and extraction of phycobiliproteins were identified as future research priorities. Synechococcus and Arthrospira were the most cited genera. This study serves as an initial step in fortifying the phycobiliproteins market, which is expected to exponentially expand in the future. Moreover, further research and global collaboration are necessary to commercialize phycobiliproteins and increase the consumer acceptability of the pigments and their products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the RE‐AIM framework's effect on retention of participants and implementation outcomes of a 5‐year cancer research education programme on psychosocial distress screening in cancer centres across the United States. Methods: A one‐group pre‐/post‐test design was used to evaluate the programme on participant retention and implementation outcomes at 6, 12 and 24 months after enrolling in the programme (baseline) and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Seventy‐two cancer centres participated in four cohorts. Participant retention was 100%. At baseline and 24 months, respectively, 52 (72%) and 64 (88%) of the cancer centres had formulated a psychosocial distress screening policy; 51 (71%) and 70 (98%) had started screening in more than one clinic/population; 15 (21%) and 45 (63%) had started auditing health records for documentation of screening. Each outcome rate improved at the cancer‐centre level over the 24 months. Conclusion: RE‐AIM can be used as a framework for cancer research education programmes. Future research is needed on the use of a randomised adaptive design to test the optimal support for implementation of quality care standards according to cancer centres' needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We sought to identify the risk factors associated with mortality post-video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy over a 2-year period., Methods: Analysis was performed using a sample from an institutionally maintained database. All lobectomies for non-small-cell lung cancer from April 2014 to March 2018 started with VATS approach and with a complete follow-up were included (n = 732). Several clinical variables were screened using the Cox univariate analysis for their association with 2-year survival. Those with a P-value <0.1 were included in a Cox proportional hazard model., Results: After multivariable analysis, the following variables showed significant association with 2-year survival: age >75 [hazard ratio (HR) 1.527, P = 0.043], carbon monoxide lung diffusion capacity <70 (HR 1.474, P = 0.061), body mass index (BMI) <18.5 (HR 2.628, P = 0.012), American Society of Anesthesiologist Physical Status >2 (HR 1.518, P = 0.047), performance status >1 (HR 1.822, P = 0.032) and male gender (HR 2.700, P < 0.001). A score of 2 was assigned to the male gender and BMI <18.5, with all other variables assigned a score of 1. Each patient was scored and placed into their risk class. A Kaplan-Meier estimate for 2-year survival was calculated for each class. These were collapsed into the following 3 classes of risk based on their similar 2-year survival: class A (score 0) 97%, 95% CI 88-99, class B (score 1-3) 84%, 95% CI 80-88, class C (score > 3) 66%, 95% CI 57-74., Conclusion: Our scoring system can serve as an adjunct to a clinician's experience in risk-stratifying patients during multidisciplinary tumour board discussion and the shared decision-making process., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.)