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The clinical learning environment is essential for student registered nurse anesthetists (SRNAs) to develop intricate clinical knowledge and acquire proficiency in technical skills required for anesthetic care. The perioperative experience of an SRNA can differ greatly based on the program, preceptor, hospital rotation, or geographic location. This literature review synthesizes the historical and current state of certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNA)/SRNA preceptorship in the clinical setting. Themes analyzed include the current CRNA/SRNA learning and teaching environment, student perceptions of effective CRNA preceptors, evaluation tools and feedback practices, and overall CRNA preceptor preparedness as well as the availability and effectiveness of preceptor training programs. We compare their findings to best practices seen in the United States Air Force (USAF) pilot training program because of its similar "high stakes" learning environment and utilization of a preceptor teaching model. Actionable recommendations, based on CRNA preceptorship data, preceptorship theory, and the USAF pilot training model are presented in the effort to improve preceptor transfer of knowledge and SRNA clinical competence., Competing Interests: Name: Logan MacLean, CRNA, DNP Contribution: This author made significant contributions to the conception, synthesis, writing, and final editing and approval of the manuscript to justify inclusion as an author. Disclosures: None. Name: Julie Fairman, RN, PhD, FAAN Contribution: This author made significant contributions to the conception, synthesis, writing, and final editing and approval of the manuscript to justify inclusion as an author. Disclosures: Current funding: RWJF Future of Nursing Scholars Program., (Copyright © by the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists.)

There is limited research regarding student registered nurse anesthetist (SRNA) burnout. To our knowledge there is no recently published work that has explored the associations between characteristics of SRNAs and burnout. Addressing this gap could establish the SRNA experience of burnout, identify demographic characteristics and situational factors that may correlate with burnout, and lay the foundation for future research. The purpose of this exploratory descriptive study was to assess the SRNA experience of burnout and any relationship between burnout to demographic or situational factors via the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory-S and demographic questions., The research questions were: 1) Do SRNAs experience different levels of burnout during the didactic curricula and/or clinical training element of nurse anesthesia school? 2) Is there an association between SRNA burnout and demographic or situational factors? Power analysis set the minimum n at 421. Five hundred thirty SRNAs responded to the randomized survey through the American Association of Nurse Anesthesiology. Data analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA, Spearman's rho, 2-tailed t-test, and Chi square analysis. More hours in class per week correlated with lower exhaustion scores. Higher disengagement scores were reported by SRNAs further in their training, while more hours per week in clinical correlated with both higher disengagement scores and increased total burnout scores., Competing Interests: Name: Christine Michelle Fite Day, DNAP, CRNA Contribution: This author made significant contributions to the conception, synthesis, writing, and final editing and approval of the manuscript to justify inclusion as an author. Disclosures: None. Name: Kristin Michelle Lakatos, BSN Contribution: This author made significant contributions to the conception, synthesis, writing, and final editing and approval of the manuscript to justify inclusion as an author. Disclosures: None. Name: Carrie Bowman Dalley, PhD, CRNA Contribution: This author made significant contributions to the conception, synthesis, writing, and final editing and approval of the manuscript to justify inclusion as an author. She is a principal author on the article. Disclosures: None. Name: Ladan Eshkevari, PhD, CRNA, LAc, FAAN Contribution: This author made significant contributions to the conception, synthesis, writing, and final editing and approval of the manuscript to justify inclusion as an author. She is a principal author on the article. Disclosures: None Name: Crystal O’Guin, DNP, CRNA Contribution: This author made significant contributions to the conception, synthesis, writing, and final editing and approval of the manuscript to justify inclusion as an author. Disclosures: None., (Copyright © by the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists.)

Small RNAs (sRNA), including microRNAs (miRNA) and small interfering RNAs (siRNA), are produced abundantly in plants and animals and function in regulating gene expression or in defense against virus or viroid infection. Analysis of siRNA profiles upon virus infection in plant may allow for virus identification, strain differentiation, and de novo assembly of virus genomes. In the present study, four suspected virus-infected tomato samples collected in the U.S. and Mexico were used for sRNA library construction and deep sequencing. Each library generated between 5-7 million sRNA reads, of which more than 90% were from the tomato genome. Upon in-silico subtraction of the tomato sRNAs, the remaining highly enriched, virus-like siRNA pools were assembled with or without reference virus or viroid genomes. A complete genome was assembled for Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) using siRNA alone. In addition, a near complete virus genome (98%) also was assembled for Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV). A common mixed infection of two strains of PepMV (EU and US1), which shared 82% of genome nucleotide sequence identity, also could be differentially assembled into their respective genomes. Using de novo assembly, a novel potyvirus with less than 60% overall genome nucleotide sequence identity to other known viruses was discovered and its full genome sequence obtained. Taken together, these data suggest that the sRNA deep sequencing technology will likely become an efficient and powerful generic tool for virus identification in plants and animals.