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The article discusses research done on the correlation of latitude and coastline shape with the age-structure of Chlorostoma (Tegula) funebralis populations in the U.S. from 2005 to 2008. Results revealed that upwelling differs along a latitudional gradient while coastal topography may have the capability to mitigate the impact of latitude. The categorization of sites were done by coastal topography and latitude. The researchers quantified the eggs produced by snails to compute the potential reproductive output of a population.

The article discusses a study on the propagules of benthic marine organisms' dispersal distance and development of criteria for marine reserves design in the U.S. The dispersal of propagules affects the population by maintaining the continuity of genetic or flow of gene between separated populations, and sustaining a new recruits in the populations, are also included.