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The article offers information related to consent in psychiatric emergencies of interest to clinicians. It discusses the need to determine the capacity of the patient to give consent, the identification of surrogates and legal guardians in cases when a patient lacks capacity for medical decisions and the need for psychiatrists and emergency providers to be aware of existing psychiatric advance directives (PAD).

The impact of sources of information about breast-feeding used by Japanese and American primiparous women during pregnancy is examined in relation to subsequent maternal behaviour and success in breast-feeding infants during the 1st week, 1st month, and 3rd month after birth. Culture differences were found in the sources of information used. Japanese mothers used more sources reflecting a formal, impersonal, group-oriented ‘learning context’, while American mothers used a greater variety of sources, reflecting both an informal, private, personalized approach and a formal approach. Hospital classes taught by nurses were significantly negatively correlated with success in breast-feeding in both cultures (r = −0.78, P < 0·01). Private consultations with health professionals and reading materials (books, magazines, pamphlets) were found to have little or no correlation with success in breast-feeding. The findings indicate that present sources of information on breast-feeding are not achieving the desired result—assisting women in learning to breast-feed their infants successfully. Sources of information need to be re-evaluated in terms of content, tenor, and the culture learning context in which information is being disseminated. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Contests are one of the most successful stimuli to production within the amateur moviemaking sector. Despite pleas from some commentators that moviemakers should view their practice as non-competitive civic participation, many more consciously sought out the public recognition that came from winning an award at regional, national and international film competitions. The ‘Ten Best’, an annual production competition that ran from 1936 to 1986, is of particular note as it was the highlight of the year for many amateur moviemakers who referred to it as ‘our Oscars’. Focusing on a Ten Best prize-winning film from the Merseyside region,War Declared(1985), consideration of this title encourages empirical data gathering to be extended beyond primary print sources by drawing on original interviews conducted with local cine-club members. While some filmmakers see the pursuit of awards as a superficial path to follow, others viewed the ‘Ten Best’ as setting the standard for others to aspire to. These interviews revealed that amateur moviemakers have mixed feelings about the central role of contests and awards in the amateur sector. However, the potential satisfaction and/or ‘compensation’, which winning can provide, overrides the perceived costs and secures the cultural value of participants’ work. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This project presents an opportunity for high school social studies teachers to infuse content on the federal budget, national debt, and budget deficit into civics-courses. The federal budget influences countries' decisions about domestic and foreign policy, making the study of the topic a necessity for understanding economic interdependence, as well as active and engaged citizenship. The national debt plays an important role in efforts to balance competing interests concerning taxes, entitlement programs, and government spending. Social studies teachers have the opportunity to create connections between economic and public policies about the federal budget, national debt, budget deficit, and the content commonly taught in high school civics classes across the United States. Our two-day lesson, Examining the role of citizens in the U.S. budgetary process: A case study, can be infused into the civics curriculum to help high school students begin to understand the federal budget, national debt, and budget deficit. We model an inquiry-oriented approach for citizen participation about these topics in high school civics classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the trend of the intellectual property rights and nanotechnology systems globally. The U.S. National Science Foundation forecasts that the broad power and scope of nano-scale technologies will overturn the manufacturing process across all industry sectors. According to industry analysts, patent grows on fundamental nano-scale materials, tools and processes are already creating barriers for innovators.

Focuses on the establishment of the public library Sargent Hall in honor of artist John Singer Sargent in Boston, Massachusetts. Contribution of Japanese art legendary curator Ernest Fenollosa; Inclusion of the mural cycles of western art; Art revision of the Post-Civil War.

A group of 84 male college graduates were classified individually according to their degree of certainty regarding their belief in God while still in college in 1942, and this certainty of belief was compared to their certainty of belief in God in 1984. Changes in certainty of belief or disbelief for each individual were then related to the self-reported lifetime experiences of the graduates as revealed in autobiographical accounts and telephone interviews conducted during 1994 and 1995. Especially important in the determination of the degree of certainty of belief in adulthood were the unique personal interactions of the individual graduates with religious persons, and favorable and unfavorable cognitive-affective reactions to specific experiences involving religion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic education, job skills training, vocational education, and other inmate programming alone will not alter the behavior or future of the incarcerated individual. Corrections professionals are becoming aware that pre-release/transition programs are necessary and should be an integral part of correctional programming. This field based study examined Minnesota pre-release/transition programs and pre-release/transition programs in other states, and then compiled recommendations for implementing pre-release/transition programs for incarcerated and released individuals. The results indicate that pre-release/transition programming and support must begin upon entry. continue during incarceration, and continue after release. A designated lead person and internal institutional and external support are necessary for a pre-release/transition program to be effective. Ten common areas of focus for a comprehensive prerelease/transition program should include: 1) Personal Development, 2) Social Development, 3) Employability, 4) Life Skills Development, 5) Substance Abuse Issues/Support Systems, 6) Health Development, 7) Leisure Activities/Recreation, 8) Career/ Education Planning, 9) Victim Awareness, and 10) Prison to Parol Transition. Coordination among all corrections departments and staff will produce the most successful pre-release/transition programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the concern of iatrogenic opioid dependence and fatal opioid overdoses due to increase in prescription of pharmaceutical opioids across countries. IT discusses the regulation and monitoring of schedule 8 medicines prescribing in Australia and the impact of retrospective prescription monitoring program (PMPs) in the U.S. INSET: Refer your patients to the, experts in paediatric audiology.

The article presents a report on a twenty-year follow-up study of the religious beliefs of 114 Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts, students. A questionnaire regarding fundamental religious beliefs was administered in 1942 to 154 Amherst College students. A follow-up questionnaire, which contained items identical in form to those that appeared in the original questionnaire, was mailed in 1964 to 139 living members of the original group, and usable replies were received from 114, representing an 82 % return. After twenty years, the percentages of the total group of 114 believing, disbelieving, and in doubt about the existence of God remained essentially the same, respectively about 85 % believing, 7 % disbelieving, and 7 % in doubt. In general, the percentage of belief in both 1942 and 1964 for selected traditional fundamentalist conceptions was low and almost identical for the two periods. Substantial changes toward greater belief after twenty years occurred in relation to the literal acceptance of the Biblical account of the life, crucifixion, and resurrection of Christ.