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This article theorises punk rock's messages for the neoliberal university by exploring the contrasting approaches punk culture and higher education have taken to the influence of neoliberal discourse and ideology. Punk culture's foundational opposition to mainstream culture often enables it to function as an educative context in which participants formulate critiques of exploitative socioeconomic conditions. Although universities are contested spaces which are at-times receptive to grassroots and student-led activism, they face increasing pressure to prioritise economic development and generate revenue. The rise of the neoliberal university has, in some ways, enabled punk culture to assume the academy's responsibility as the critic and conscience of society. Should universities insist upon a role in the construction of ethical futures, they would do well look to certain corners of the punk underground which prioritise community-responsiveness, reflexivity, and solidarity with marginalised communities.

This paper examines the experiences of Chinese international students from East Coast University (a pseudonym) in the United States through their participation in a Chinese ethnic-based Christian church (CCC). Employing ethnographic-based fieldwork, the study highlights how Chinese international students see their experiences in CCC as a source of acculturation to U.S. society. However, the students evidence little understanding of the reality that they are in fact being acculturated to a subculture within U.S. society that at times embraces values contradictory to those of progressive-oriented East Coast University.

This article proposes a conceptual model to explore the effects of intergenerational transition in individualism/collectivism orientations on the outlook towards different human resource development (HRD) and management practices. It contributes to the existing cross-cultural research in HRD by defining three prominent generations in India and by proffering a comparative cross-cultural study of the effect of generations on individualism/collectivism orientations and preferences for human resource practices in India and the United States. (Contains 1 figure.)

Despite general consensus that parenting practices influence the developmental processes of children, many questions about the impacts of parenting practices on child development within the cultural context remain unanswered. This article presents how cultural templates influence parenting practices and developmental processes of young children. It considers cultural fluidity as a moderator for variability of parenting practices both across cultures and subculturally within a given culture. The understanding of cross-cultural perspectives of parenting practices and developmental processes, cultural fluidity, and human learning potential for integrative processes suggests that bridging the gaps between societies toward coexistence can be reached.

This study measured the relational family values system of upper-middle-class mothers, fathers, and adolescents in the United States. Results revealed that participants shared common family values that mainly reflected the importance of individualism, equality in family relationships, family member interdependence, and parental guidance. Parent adolescent relational values agreement patterns in families with early, middle, and late adolescents demonstrated high levels of agreement. The authors explore how this sample provides a basis by which to compare relational family values in other subcultures in future research and how using this measure can enhance culturally competent counseling. (Contains 2 tables.)

The present era is characterized by scientists' high level of mobility, which is due to the characteristics of science work and its dynamic nature. Scientific activity knows no boundaries, and mobility is a vital factor of the mutual cultural and professional enrichment of scientific communities. The international migration of scientists is creating opportunities and challenges for societies that both lose and gain scientists. In this article, the author describes the types of scientists' social mobility and discusses the state regulation of the social mobility of scientists in Russia, Western Europe, and the United States. The author also identifies negative consequences of scientists' social mobility in these countries. The high level of scientists' international mobility has introduced serious changes in the mechanism of the reproduction of the scientific elite in Russia. Owing to the emigration character of mobility and the lack of an appropriate science policy, Russia is lagging behind the developed countries of Europe and the United States when it comes to indicators of its inclusion in the world science community. Here, the author argues that more attention needs to be given by the Russian government to the development of programs and organizations that would enable Russian science to be more competitive internationally.

Educational attainment is often linked to upward mobility in the United States. As a result, current research has focused on the educational attainment of various racial groups, including Black Americans. However, few studies have examined the various ethnic and immigrant groups that comprise the Black population. To address this gap, the current article focuses on the educational attainment of Haitian immigrants (n = 150) living in the United States. Results indicate that socioeconomic status (SES) is a predictor of educational attainment but, contrary to previous research, gender and aspirations are unrelated. Implications for educators and policy makers are discussed. (Contains 2 tables and 4 figures.)

Although human resource development practitioners and researchers emphasize organizational culture as a major contributor to employee learning and development, results from this study suggest organizational subculture has greater influence on employee-related learning motivation. The relationships among organizational culture, organizational subculture, leadership style, and motivation to transfer learning are examined in this study of 354 randomly selected health care providers from a population of 1,255 employees of three of the largest health care organizations in the United States. Study findings indicate that organizational subculture was highly associated with employee motivation to transfer learning--far higher than organizational culture overall. Supportive and innovative subcultures have clear positive relationships, while bureaucratic subcultures negatively influenced motivation to transfer learning. Findings also support the differences between leadership style types and particular subculture types in relation to motivation to transfer learning. In terms of leadership style, a consideration style had a stronger relationship to motivation to transfer learning than did structuring style. Implications for HRD research and practice are explored. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.)

American culture stems from a multitude of the diverse perspectives, customs, and habits of the vast groups that have made the United States their home. This nation's complexity of diverse cultures and its ability to strive for common values seem almost over-whelming. Nonetheless, from the cultures of many, one culture can emerge. Through sharing of music, language, religion, and customs, the people of the United States have strengthened and grown as a society. Many of the contributions and influences on American culture are well documented in educational texts. Unfortunately, the major influences cited in U.S. school textbooks are those from dominant cultures. Sharing only the influences from dominant cultures gives students an opportunity to explore only those voices in American culture. Other influences and contributions from groups not considered dominant are not sufficiently recognized, even though their influences are significant. To ignore or dismiss the influences of less dominant cultures denies students the total American story. In this article, the author addresses ways in which students can be exposed to all types of cultures, even the less dominant ones.

Raises the question of how applicable Jensen's approach is to other sociomoral contexts. Examines the meaning of worldview and that of morality and how the two intersect. (KB)

Little is known about the role of subcultural values in the development of violence in schools and among school-aged children. Drawing on the "code of the street" thesis, which identifies schools as important staging grounds in the campaign for respect among young people, this study aims to fill this gap in the literature by analyzing student- and school-level associations between projected violence and self-reported subcultural values revolving around toughness and respect. The analytic sample includes N = 1767 students (53.65% female) in grades 7, 8, and 9 (ages 11–17 years, mean = 13.5 years) at 40 middle and high schools in Boston, MA, Denver, CO, and Miami, FL. Consistent with research involving a variety of adolescent and young adult populations, estimates from multilevel negative binomial regression models reveal a robust positive student-level association between personal adherence to subcultural values and projected violence. However, school-level results indicate a compositional, rather than contextual, effect in which higher school-mean levels of projected violence reflect the aggregate values of individual students rather than independent or interactive processes involving the school-level prevalence of code of the street values. Thus, while code of the street values may be important contributors to youth violence, the school setting appears to play a limited role in transmitting their influence among students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rates of crime for Blacks in the United States in the post-slavery era have always been high relative to Whites. But explaining, or minimizing, this fact faces a major problem: individual excuses for bad acts point to deficiencies, in the agent, which are perhaps forgivable, such as mental deficiency or a deprived childhood, but at the price of treating the agent as less than a full member of the moral community. Collectivizing excuses risks implying group inferiority. The history of attempts to provide an explanation of crime that mitigates blame without undermining full participation to the moral community is long and convoluted, leading to the presently widespread claim that crime is itself a product of victimization through pervasive racism. Three basic strategies – rejection of comparison, attribution to racially invariant causes and explanation by reference to uniquely Black conditions, such as subculture or extreme stigmatization – are identified and their ethical implications distinguished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TikTok is a social media platform that allows users to incorporate music, text, and other special effects into short videos. The app has approximately 30 million monthly users in the United States alone, and was the most downloaded app globally in 2020, with 850 million downloads.1 Like many popular social media platforms, use is heavily skewed toward youth, with one estimate reporting 62% of all users being between the ages of 10 and 29 years.2 TikTok has carved out a niche where youth can virtually congregate to poke fun at shared experiences from within their own homes, with ordinary backgrounds such as their living rooms, rather than heavily idealized lifestyles seen on other social media platforms. As such, youth are more relatable when they produce personal performances from their homes, ranging from lip syncing and complex dance routines, to videos discussing more serious topics, such as personal struggles with mental health conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Undoing, a miniseries on the cable channel HBO, is a crime melodrama that presents unannounced background content reflecting the changing multicultural situation in the United States. A dominant white Euro-American group is becoming merely another group in a crowded field of American subcultures. Although multicultural issues are not explicity referred to, details of the series invoke current controversies about the white European culture that has been dominant in America. Recent political events highlight the status anxiety of white people and their alarming responses to the prospect of an America where they are not automatically seen as the proprietors of the nation's identity. White people now face the same challenges as subordinate subcultural groups do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence has been accumulating across the behavioral sciences that good financial decision making involves both cognitive and emotional effort. Although financial professionals know this intuitively, most have yet to master the art and science of educating midlife and older clients to navigate the complex cultural influences and decision dynamics that exist for everyone. As baby boomers swell the numbers of preretirees and the already retired, successful financial professionals increasingly will become the "go to" educators who help midlife and older clients (and also members of their communities) make the knowledgeable and deliberative financial decisions that can improve their retirement well-being. A framework is presented that illustrates and explains the social influences and psychological dynamics of consumer financial decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on cultural, strategic and economic perspectives of intercollegiate athletics by which it tries to develop a better understanding of the management of college sports and of the effects of athletic program successes and indiscretions. "Exchange process" has been given due importance in college athletics. It demonstrate the research opportunities and advantages of studying organizational phenomena within the sport domain and indicates the accessibility of accurate measures representing important organizational concepts. While university sports can contribute to unity and organizational loyalty, they also present challenges to traditional academic values. The three aspects of college sports are noteworthy from a cultural perspective, the intraorganizational competition, the rituals they provide, and the subcultures to which they give rise. Determining the priorities of stakeholder groups has direct relevance for the management of intercollegiate athletics. Therefore, it suggests future research that would address the priorities of other stakeholder groups and how priorities might differ across groups.

The majority of interface delay research and practitioner literature recommends minimizing delay as much as possible. However, a very limited number of studies have identified cultural chronism which may make the desirability of trading functionality and resources for minimal delays inappropriate within certain populations. Specifically, members of monochronic cultures highly value speed in system response, while those of polychronic cultures do not. This current study extends existing literature to investigate a previously unexplored culture and subculture, respectively, Han Chinese and African Americans, and their attitudes toward download delay and trading download delay for better functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses individualism and social unrest in the United States and the challenge this presents to business and social institutions. Management responsibility in a postindustrial society includes: shaping management knowledge to direct idealism in a way that benefits a democratic society; enlarging opportunities for meaningful employment, especially for the disaffected college-age generation; and developing work relationships and a new social contract between employer and employee. The outlook for a leisure society, radicalism and campus turmoil, trends that led to individualism, and management theory that accommodates individualism and prevents destructiveness are mentioned.

The article focuses on the status of scientific revolution and science-based technology in the U.S. It has been stated that science is something above and beyond society which offers both beneficial and negative effects. Science has also expanded its scope and is viewed as extremely influential. However, the expanded scope of science is associated with various controversies including the conflict with the churches over evolution, as well as the conflict with the Communist Party in the Soviet Union over genetics. Despite the success of science, it has remained in a small subculture in the country because of the attitude and perception of the people towards its negative side.

The article offers information about desire and narration of queer storytellers. topics discussed include Japanese novelist Haruki Murakami, expression of writing in his novels; mention about description of subculture of barebacking in San Francisco by Tim Dean; and also mention about bodily commitment and refraction of bodily explosion in 18 and 20 century.

Contributing to the growing body of research on the buyers of commercial sex services, this study explores the socialization of novice clients. Drawing on data from a popular Web-based discussion forum, the article identifies the central questions and concerns of individuals who are on the verge of purchasing sex for the first time. A second dimension of the study examines the ways in which more seasoned clients respond to novices who ask for advice in the forum. We find that the veterans’ responses, taken together, help to socialize new clients and reflect a set of conduct norms and best practices within this online subculture. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines the experiences of Chinese international students from East Coast University (a pseudonym) in the United States through their participation in a Chinese ethnic-based Christian church (CCC). Employing ethnographic-based fieldwork, the study highlights how Chinese international students see their experiences in CCC as a source of acculturation to U.S. society. However, the students evidence little understanding of the reality that they are in fact being acculturated to a subculture within U.S. society that at times embraces values contradictory to those of progressive-oriented East Coast University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Religious participation is linked to numerous positive safety outcomes for adolescents. Scant attention, however, has been paid to associations between religious participation and safety risks among adolescents. Using data from Add Health (N = 18,449), a nationally representative school-based sample of US adolescents, this study examines the relationship between adolescents' religious affiliation and easy access to firearms at home. Regression analyses adjust for complex sampling design and compare easy firearm access at home among conservative Protestant adolescents to adolescent firearm access in other religious traditions. Conservative Protestant adolescents have a substantially greater likelihood of easy access to a gun at home compared to adolescents of all other major religious traditions in the United States. Recognizing differences in adolescent firearm access between subcultural groups can help public health interventions more effectively identify and address the needs of vulnerable populations. The paper's conclusion considers suggestions for effective policy and programmatic initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We develop and test the idea that public appreciation for authentic lowbrow culture affords an effective way for certain elites to address feelings of authenticity-insecurity arising from "high status denigration" (Hahl and Zuckerman 2014). This argument, which builds on recent sociological research on the "search for authenticity" (e.g., Grazian 2005) and on Bourdieu's (1993) notion of artistic "disinterestedness," is validated through experiments with U.S. subjects in the context of "outsider" art (Fine 2004). The first study demonstrates that preference for lowbrow culture perceived to be authentic is higher when individuals feel insecure in their authenticity because they attained status in a context where extrinsic incentives are salient. The second study demonstrates that audiences perceive the members of erstwhile denigrated high-status categories to be more authentic if they consume lowbrow culture, but only if the cultural producer is perceived as authentic. We conclude by noting how this "authenticity-by-appreciation" effect might be complementary to distinction-seeking as a motivation for elite cultural omnivorousness, and we draw broader implications for when and why particular forms of culture are in demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pivotal to the transition into adulthood is sexual maturation, an inescapable rite of passage which this article investigates across a range of contemporary American media. Beginning in the 1980s through the turn of the twenty-first century, the works in this archive tend to represent the increasingly politicized, stigmatized adolescent body as a conflict zone, a liminal precinct in which sex, illness and death often intersect to traumatic and Gothic effect. They consist of culturally influential 'indie' narratives that bridge the gap or, at times, blur the line between the mainstream and cult subculture. Starting from Victor Turner's seminal work on the adolescent's passage into adulthood, I place the concept of liminality side by side with the cultural imagination of the frontier. The sex and death dichotomy that characterizes adolescent sexuality shares with the fundamental trope of the frontier a wide array of Gothic connotations. Pre-existing scholarship on Gothic teen studies has yet to extrapolate on the portrayals of sickly teen bodies that run rampant in Gothic works. To append this missing link, I discuss Freudian drives, Susan Sontag's illness metaphors, and Priscilla Wald's readings of contagion narratives to lay the groundwork for the connection between sex, illness and cultural anxieties that these late-century narratives communicate. Indeed, I understand contemporary Gothic along the lines of Catherine Spooner, who quipped in her 2006 monograph that '[l]ike a malevolent virus, Gothic narratives have [...] spread across disciplinary boundaries to infect all kinds of media...' (2006: 8). I consider sick teen bodies across a variety of works under two main headings: first, those that rely heavily on anaesthetized imagery to evoke the Gothic. Beginning with 2015's genre-bending It Follows (Mitchell), I work backwards to trace its clear-cut intertext - The Virgin Suicides (Coppola, 1993), a teen dream-turned-nightmare likewise set in suburban Detroit. The second heading explores decidedly more violent works, among them the graphic novel Black Hole and the horror film Ginger Snaps (Fawcett, 2000), which juxtapose adolescence and supernatural monstrosities that act as carriers of disease. The female is often at the centre of the narratives at hand, and though these works explore the world of minors, rarely, problematically are 'minority' bodies represented. Common to these works are stigmatized figures who fight for individual expression yet often fail to emerge from the adolescent stage as autonomous adults, due either to their unwillingness to conform to mainstream culture or the failure of this culture to integrate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on violence in US prisons frequently finds higher rates of violence among ethnic minorities compared to whites. Explanations focus on a "subculture of violence," sometimes referred to as an honor culture or code of the street, whereby minorities import a deeply internalized, violent subculture into prison. Subcultural theories of violence have been challenged by scholarship that views culture as providing a "toolkit" of frames and scripts that individuals draw upon in different social contexts. According to this model, the importation of violence is far from inevitable, because violence results from the interplay between social context and cultural toolkits. We assess the ability of these two cultural models to explain ethnic differences in prison violence in a different national context by comparing rates of violence among Arab Muslim and Jewish criminal prisoners in Israel. Subcultural models lead us to expect higher rates of violence among Arab Muslim prisoners, while a toolkit-based explanation that draws on social identity research predicts lower rates of violence. We test these hypotheses using both logistic regression and propensity score matching on data covering over 16,000 prisoners, supplemented by in-depth interviews with prisoners and staff. Our results conflict with the expectations of subcultural theories and lend support to culture-as-toolkit explanations. We conclude by discussing the relevance of our findings for research on prison violence, theories of the relationship between culture and violence, and the usefulness of incorporating social identity into toolkit theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While research on neo-liberal policy exposes its influence across economic, political and social lines, scholars often fall short of examining policy implications for minority groups and youth cultures. In the 1970s and 1980s, New York City officials and elites challenged years of Keynesianism that represented prevailing post-World War II economic ideology, prompting underfunded municipal programmes and rising unemployment that subsequently ensured racial segregation. New York City's condition weighed heavy on youth cultures that arose from urban declension in a city recognized as an international tastemaker. While punk, in the 1970s, in part symbolized the city's cultural influence, by the early 1980s, hardcore, punk's more aggressive successor, became a reaction to New York's waning state. Hardcore represented youth culture navigating economic and social conditions in an era of postwar de-industrialization and rising conservativism. Nonetheless, hardcore bands' pleas for unity in defiance of neo-liberal policy fell short of offering an escape to the pervasiveness of economic conservativism that purportedly ensured New York's rise from economic crisis. Like business in Lower Manhattan, whiteness defined hardcore. Highlighting the shortcomings of New York hardcore through examination of its whiteness in spite of calls for inclusivity reveals a deep-seated relationship between youth culture and prevailing economic and political policy. Pleas for inclusiveness met a scene that limited participation through maintaining racial exclusion. Ultimately, hardcore's inclusive ethos failed to materialize into the physical space the subculture occupied, exposing a subcultural representation of the segregation that marred New York beyond the scene's walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history of punk and its subgenres is, in part, a history of DIY spaces and the influences these spaces have on punk and the DIY scene at large. A better understanding of the ethical guidelines of DIY venue organizers would provide insight into the practices of these venues by providing a glimpse into the motivating factors behind these actions. To approach these issues, this article utilizes existing research to examine current DIY practices and their relation to punk culture, as well as defining the primary ethical guidelines in the DIY scene, followed by new research into these issues. In this study, I spoke with eleven different organizers of long running DIY spaces around the United States. These interviews revealed an overwhelming drive to construct DIY venues as inclusive spaces that provide resources for a variety of communities. In practice, however, the heightened sense of alignment between organizations and artists reported by the participants alludes to a lack of diversity amongst the viewpoints of those within these communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounded on research showing that peer crowds vary in risk behavior, several recent health behavior interventions, including the US Food and Drug Administration's Fresh Empire campaign, have targeted high-risk peer crowds. We establish the scientific foundations for using this approach. We introduce peer crowd targeting as a strategy for culturally targeting health behavior interventions to youths. We use social identity and social norms theory to explicate the theoretical underpinnings of this approach. We describe Fresh Empire to demonstrate how peer crowd targeting functions in a campaign and critically evaluate the benefits and limitations of this approach. By replacing unhealthy behavioral norms with desirable, healthy lifestyles, peer crowd--targeted interventions can create a lasting impact that resonates in the target audience's culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

America is identified as a nation of immigrants. These immigrants are thought to be the source of its subcultures. It is also a nation of individual explorers and inventors. Their activities are also a source of diverse subcultures. Many notable movies have made heroes of such innovators in different fields of endeavor. Michael Moore's movieWho to Invade Nextis a documentary about his trips to other countries in search of more successful institutions of work, education, health services, and incarceration. The premise of the movie is Moore has come to invade the other countries and steal the secrets of their successes in order to reform similar American institutions. Moore finds only mild amusement rather than amazement from his “victims.” He discovers the advances he attributes to other countries were originally American innovations, adopted in other societies but abandoned in America, which has become strangely timid about progress and reform. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article provides an overview of popular music libraries and archives in the U.S. with emphasis on subcultural genres and forms of rock music that span from the 1940s to the 2010s. Topics discussed include the collection of sound recordings and efforts to obtain personal paraphernalia from musicians and official records from recording companies. The issues affecting these libraries and archives, such as corporate ownership and copyright, are examined.

The article talks about the economic development of Chicago, Illinois, and the African American settlement in the city. It is noted that Chicago represented a settling which offered American colonial experience. Topics discussed are the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, the Afro-American subculture, and the racial relations affecting African American migrants during the Civil War of 1861.

A major contribution of Pierre Bourdieu to the study of art was his analysis of the autonomization of modern art fields. His model of autonomy and legitimacy in modern art was based on a study of the genesis of an avant-garde in French art in the late nineteenth century. I argue that a similar autonomization of art occurred in the mid-twentieth century in the United States. I present studies in music and film to demonstrate the genesis of an American avant-garde during this period. This general process of autonomization until now has been neglected in the work of sociologists and historians on American art. My analysis shows that the genesis of principles of autonomy in the United States, unlike France, developed in what were considered the high and popular arts. These case studies reveal a failure in Bourdieu's model to account for the role of culture industries and popular artists in the autonomization of modern art fields. I show how the American art field generated a subfield of autonomous art that included both avant-garde high art and independent popular art. This permanent subfield of avant-garde and independent art became central to future struggles over autonomy and innovation in American art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article talks about American Jews who are referred as "Deadheads" and the presence of Jewish Deadheads. Topics discussed include social aspects of the Jews in deadhead subculture, cultural familiarity of these Jews, and hypotheses about the minority group distinctiveness of the Jews. The relationship between the popular music and the Jewish Deadheads is also discussed.

Recent research has pointed to the rise of socially conscious consumption and of lifestyle movements or social movements that focus on changing one's everyday lifestyle choices as a form of protest. Much of this research addresses how adults maintain socially conscious consumption practices. Using interviews with youths who are vegan-strict vegetarians who exclude all animal products from their diet and lifestyle-I isolate the factors influencing recruitment into and retention of veganism as a lifestyle movement. I show that initial recruitment requires learning, reflection, and identity work, and that subsequent retention requires two factors: social support from friends and family, and cultural tools that provide the skills and motivation to maintain lifestyle activism. I also show how participation in the punk subculture further facilitated these processes. This work contributes to studies of youth subcultures and social movements by showing how the two intersect in lifestyle movement activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]