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The balance between work and personal life has seen a renewed focus in the years since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the years leading up to the work stoppage in 2020 a growing body of literature was being compiled that agriculture teachers, as many of the American population do, suffered from a lack of balance between personal and work life. This study sought to examine the way agriculture teachers spent their time, how they viewed their job satisfaction, and if any relationships exist between them. A national sample of agriculture teachers (N = 570) was conducted and when the results were interpreted it was found that agriculture teachers are majority female (51.9%), almost all took agriculture courses in high school (89.3%), were active in FFA in high school (81.9%), and many continued that membership into college (44.9%). Most teachers spent some time outside of school hours preparing for class, SAE supervision, and other school-based activities, but most of their time was spent on FFA activities. Teachers reported some time spent in domestic, civic/religious, and recreation time outside of work. Teachers had a heavy slant towards positive job satisfaction, (M = 1.86, SD = 0.788) on a one through five scale with one being extremely good and five being extremely bad. Significant correlations were found at a small level (Cohen, 2013) between time in SAE, time in recreation, and salary range with job satisfaction. Significant linear (p < 0.05) regressions were calculated with salary, time in SAE's, time spent in recreation. Time spent in recreation provided the best fit.

Millions of children in the United States participate in youth sports. The literature demonstrates that sexual abuse is a problem in sports. This study examined voluntary immunity statutes for all 50 states and the District of Columbia with the purpose of determining potential liability for recreational youth sport organizations for the pedophilic actions of their coaches, administrators, and officials. Comparisons and differences were drawn between the states regarding whether voluntary immunity statutes were applicable. (Contains 2 tables.)

Adventure recreation activities like mountain biking, bouldering, and kayaking used to require considerable travel to unique locations. This is changing, however, as the new trend emerges in the United State of providing adventure recreation experiences in cities and towns, such as New York City and Golden, Colorado. This article highlights several such facilities across the United States and shows how recreation professionals and physical educators can develop similar resources in their own communities. The recent adventure recreation developments in Kearney, Nebraska illustrate how to start the planning process through the local park department and grass roots organizations. Some of the benefits of adventure recreation facilities close to home are that they provide accessible, healthy, and exciting activities; they can draw people back to nature and away from computer screens and other sedentary activities; and they can create tourism potential and enhance the quality of life for residents.

This study assessed the nature of the relationship between earning advanced degrees and career outcomes such as salary, job satisfaction, social capital, and human capital among professionals in the parks and recreation field. The sample (n = 196) was drawn from parks and recreation agencies located in the United States. Agencies, excluding educational institutions, were identified via an Internet search for parks and recreation agencies in urban areas. Findings indicated there was a positive relationship between earning a master's degree and salary. Earning a master's degree, however, was not significantly related to job satisfaction, social capital, or human capital. Furthermore, when comparing mean salaries across different types of master's degrees, respondents with a business degree or other type of non-recreation related master's degree earned significantly more than respondents with a recreation-related master's degree. Findings indicate a need to evaluate recreation-related master's programs in context of desired career outcomes. (Contains 3 tables.)

This article seeks to identify factors associated with the formation and development of nonmetropolitan destinations for older in-migration, thereby explaining why some U.S. counties are more likely than others to be nonmetro retirement destinations. We contend that most nonmetro retirement destinations are established and developed over time through a path-dependent process. When amenities are commodified as recreation and tourism, migration streams tend to be established that ultimately produce sustained in-migration of older persons to selected destination communities. We use data from a variety of official sources and a spatial statistics methodology to examine intercounty variability in net migration rates at ages 60-74. Our findings are consistent with the aforementioned path-dependent development framework. Counties with a long history of population growth, previous experience attracting older in-migrants, attractive natural amenities, and a developed recreation and tourism industry are those most likely to be retirement-age migration destinations. In contrast, agricultural heartland and relatively large population size are associated with lower rates of older in-migration. Older in-migration should be seen as neither a panacea for strapped rural communities nor a "pensions and care issue." Older migrants can be "gray gold," but they can also pose challenges, such as possibly increased demand for public services as they age in place. (Contains 3 figures, 2 tables and 25 footnotes.)

The purpose of this study was to investigate motivational attitudes toward participating in physical activity among international students attending colleges in the United States. Five-hundred twenty-one students participated in this study. The results indicated that the factors of organic development ("keeping good health and physical condition, getting regular exercise, developing and maintaining sound and proper physical functioning") and lifetime uses ("Developing skills for lifetime and learning activities which could be continued out side of school") were valued as the most important motivations to participate in physical activity among participants. Administrators of international students and campus recreation programs should understand the findings of this study to provide better opportunities to international college students for a better quality of life.

The extent of international research on the Research Consortium's program between 1965 and 2008 was documented. A total of 9,132 abstracts were reviewed, and 657 (7.19%) had an international component. Inclusion of international research ranged from a low of 1.97% in 1983 to a high of 14.24% in 2007. There was a decrease in the amount of international research presented between 1965 and 1983, after which there was an increase through 2008. Most growth was from increased contributions coming from researchers in Southeast Asia. In terms of general research topics, eight areas increased over the 44-year history reviewed, and five areas decreased. Seven recommendations are advanced for expanding the place and role of international research within the Research Consortium. (Contains 2 tables, 1 figure, and 5 notes.)

"Take Back Your Time" (TBYT) is a movement founded by John De Graaf (2003) that exposes the issues of time poverty and overwork in the United States and Canada. This article features the process whereby undergraduate students study De Graaf's TBYT handbook, discuss its concepts, and organize a student-led TBYT "teach-in" for their college community. Primary learning objectives include (a) increasing students' awareness of the societal issues of time poverty and overwork, (b) increasing students' understanding of how overwork and time poverty can be addressed by recreation and leisure professionals, and (c) identifying ways to reverse the effects of time poverty and help people live healthier, more balanced lives. This learning activity would be suitable for courses in leisure education, program or event planning, current issues, or the foundations of the recreation and leisure profession.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived impact of physical recreation transition programming on individuals with cognitive disabilities and generate strategies for improved transition. Interviews were completed with 17 young adults who were one to three years post graduation. Interviews determined graduate's perception of their own activity levels. Focus groups were completed with 23 parents of young adult graduates, from varying regions of the United States. Amount and types of past and current recreational pursuits, promotional and inhibitory factors impacting activity participation, and strategies for improved transition programming were explored in focus groups. Coded data revealed that physical recreation transition success requires development and maintenance of a strong community that must be provided with support in the major areas of structure, exposure, education, and social environment. Transitioning can be improved through increased parent training, implementation of mentor groups, utilization of state personnel, and increased integration into higher education. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)

The authors describe intermediary organizations whose aim is to provide technical assistance to sports organizations about infusing a youth development emphasis into their programming. Team-Up for Youth, Sports PLUS Global, and the National Recreation and Park Association are the three organizations highlighted in this article. Team-Up for Youth's mission is to pioneer innovative strategies to support the healthy development of youth by strengthening and expanding afterschool sports and physical activity programs. Team-Up works with youth sports providers, policymakers and public officials, and staff and students at colleges and universities in the San Francisco Bay Area. It concentrates on five areas: training and education, coaching corps, grant making, public policy, and knowledge creating and sharing. Sports PLUS Global is an international organization that delivers educational training to communities using sports to promote human development, social change, and human rights. It uses the Positive Learning Using Sports (PLUS) method to reach children, coaches, and educators in camps and afterschool programs. The PLUS method employs twelve steps that are described in detail in the article. The National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) engages national partners and local park and recreation agencies to improve the quality of youth sports nationwide. NRPA, in partnership with "Sports Illustrated" magazine, developed and manages the Sports Illustrated GOOD SPORTS initiative. Communities are improving youth sports through the following elements: teaching life skills, empowering success among youth, promoting physical activity and healthy lifestyles, and strengthening communities.

The study of quality of life remains a key area of interest for not only researchers but to society. Through research being completed in multiple disciplines and from a multitude of perspectives, the need to understand the full breadth of quality of life is required in order for the further development of this research area. Through building on previous research completed on quality of life from multiple disciplines, this study utilizes numerous objective and subjective indicators to model quality of life in a community in the southwest United States. Through the analysis of 352 completed surveys, it was found that the two strongest predictors of quality of life were community pride and community elements. Of interest is that a number of other indicators including recreation participation and length of residency in a community were found to have a negative relationship with quality of life.

Historically, specialized schools for the blind were the only options for educational programming available to students with visual impairments. Throughout the 19th century and into the mid-20th century, the instruction in specialized schools consisted primarily of the core curriculum or academic areas (Zebehazy & Whitten, 1998). Current research suggests that specialized schools should provide instruction in both academic and specialized skill areas. The eight specialized skill areas identified within the expanded core curriculum are compensatory academics, social development, recreation and leisure, independent living skills, orientation and mobility, technology, career development, and visual efficiency (Hatlen, 1996). Sighted individuals learn these life skills incidentally and through modeling, but students who are blind or visually impaired have little or no opportunity to acquire them through that kind of learning. This study examined whether specialized schools for students who are blind or visually impaired in the United States are including the eight areas of the expanded core curriculum in their instructional programs and whether they are doing it before, during, or after school hours. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)

This study involves a two-year longitudinal investigation of adolescent participation in unstructured youth recreation centres and the development of antisocial behaviour. Participants were 1163 adolescents who represented 92% of all eighth-grade students in the town of Orebro, Sweden, during the fall of 1999. Antisocial young people and those with poor relations to parents or school were likely to become involved in the centres. After controlling for these selection influences, the frequency of youth centre participation was associated with a significant increase in antisocial behaviour over time for boys and girls. Youth centres that aggregated many antisocial peers together were particularly likely to promote the antisocial behaviour of new attendees. The findings are consistent with prior theory and research on youth development and out-of-school activities. Activities that lack structure and skill-building aims appear to attract high-risk adolescents and the resulting social environment is conducive to the development of antisocial behaviour. (Contains 3 tables, 2 figures and 1 footnote.)

Presents data from the Society of Park and Recreation Educators' 1988 curriculum study monitoring the status of U.S. and Canadian higher education programs in park, recreation, and leisure studies. Data from 79 schools indicate declining enrollment of such students at the bachelor's level and increasing enrollment at the associate level. (SM)

Background: This study aims to explore the relationship between magnesium depletion score (MDS) and periodontitis in US adults using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014. Methods: This cross-sectional study's outcome was periodontitis, defined by the CDC/AAP using clinical periodontal parameters. The exposure of this study was MDS, which was calculated according to four parameters (diuretic use, proton pump inhibitor use, renal function and alcohol consumption). Weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the association between MDS intake and periodontitis. Confounding factors included in the adjusted model were age, sex, race, income, smoking status, dietary magnesium, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, education level, recreational activity, and work activity. Results: A total of 8,628 participants over the age 30 were included in our study. Individuals with high level of magnesium deficiency were more likely referred to poorer periodontal health in both crude model (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.54–2.61, p < 0.0001) and fully adjusted model (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03–1.77, p = 0.03). Conclusions: MDS is positively associated with moderate/severe periodontitis. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the impact of MDS on periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Bicycling, as forms of recreation and travel, offers many positive physical and mental health benefits, though there are still many disparities in bicycling rates among underserved populations in the United States. Community bicycling advocacy organizations/coalitions promote and advocate for increased bicycling; however, have been shown to have a lack of organizational capacity for equitable programming to diverse populations (racial/ethnic minorities, women, low-income, LGBTQ+ communities, youth). The purpose of this study was to understand the current practices for providing underserved populations bicycling programming among advocacy organizations and to find major barriers and helpful tools for equitable programming. Methods: This was conducted in a volunteer sample of U.S. bicycle advocacy organizations. An interview (n = 23) assessed organizational function, successful programs, and barriers to reaching underserved populations. Results: Several themes emerged from the interviews. Participants stated that the lack of organizational leadership and member diversity, along with a lack of trust with underserved communities, presented major barriers to providing equitable programming. Partnering with other community organizations that place an emphasis on serving diverse populations was noted to have potential for increasing successful programming by allocating resources and connections. Conclusion: Although barriers exist for bicycle advocacy organizations when attempting to reach underserved and diverse populations, groups should focus on creating successful and diverse partnerships to increase the capacity for providing equitable programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Campus recreational sport activities impact college student health and well-being in a variety of domains. This multi-institutional study examined the participation of students in campus recreation during the pandemic and explored the relationship between student participation and their demographic markers, COVID-19 experience, and perceptions of risk, health and safety. Methods: Results from a survey of 1,815 American college students indicated the presence of statistical differences in sport participation based on Gender, Race, State, Personal COVID-19 Experience, Campus Safety Efforts, and Risk Perception Score within various areas of analysis. Results: The impact and meaning of these cross-sectional results are discussed with reference to the ongoing pandemic and student health. Recommendations are presented within the context of this vital programming area both during and beyond the current crisis. Conclusion: These results are especially important given the health benefits associated with participation in recreational sport as tools to mitigate against the unprecedented consequences of the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans are biased in their preferences for animals, and this may impact the composition of zoological collections. We assessed which kinds of animals the public and zoo professionals want to preserve in zoos for the future and analyzed these lists for previously identified biases and agreement across surveyed groups. We also characterized agreement among the surveyed groups on the roles of zoos and the composition of animal collections. We surveyed people who live in the United States, members of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA), and AZA zoo and aquarium directors. There was agreement among surveyed groups on the roles of zoos, though some differences existed. Zoo professionals and the public generally agreed on the emphasis on various categories of animals for zoo collections, though some differences were noted. We found evidence of bias towards mammals, charismatic megafauna, and felids across all surveyed groups. Agreement was high between AZA members and directors and moderate between zoo professionals and the public. These results indicate that these groups are generally in agreement about the roles of zoos, how they should compose their animal collections, and what animal species, in particular, should be kept in zoos for the future, allowing zoos to compose their collections to maximize delivery on their mission goals as well as address the preferences of the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1854 Reverend Bernard J. McQuaid set forth the outline behind his ideals for a young men's Catholic association. Similar to the existing Protestant-rooted Young Men's Christian Association which had arrived in the United States three years prior, McQuaid's ambitions could be seen as one of many concurrent attempts to embrace the idea of Muscular Christianity and general reform movements of the late nineteenth century. However, to do so, would do an injustice to the ground-breaking, innovative, and controversial, methods embraced by McQuaid. He was one of the first in the Unted States to propose that sports and games of chance were not 'evil'. Though his association eventually faltered under the weight of his lofty ambitions, he remains an underappreciated figure in the world of sport history. The Young Men's Catholic Association offered a legitimate challenge to the often unwelcome Protestant morality of the YMCA in urban immigrant communities in the late nineteenth century United States. This paper argues that McQuaid's recreation aims in Rochester developed as a reaction against the YMCA. McQuaid's association, the Young Men's Catholic Association, presented itself to the city's immigrant, Catholic, working-class population as an alternative to the Protestant-inspired, 'cult of strenuosity'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thru-hiking is seeing an unprecedented surge in popularity in recent years, with the numbers of prospective thru-hikers only expected to continue to increase. Amidst this thru-hiking boom, this study used the Means End of Recreation Scale to determine the values and outcomes that motivate thru-hikers to hike and drive their trail selection. Utilizing responses from 268 thruhikers in an online survey across the United States' long-distance National Scenic Trails, the study evaluated how "trail variables," such as (a) direction traveled, (b) experience with previous thru-hikes, and (c) whether a trail is a "Triple Crown" trail impacted thru-hikers' outcomes from a thru-hike. Non-Triple Crown trail thru-hikers were found to be largely affected by trail attributes, more so than their Triple Crown counterparts. Results reveal outcomes from a thru-hike remain relatively unaffected by many of the evaluated trail variables, suggesting a certain universality in outcomes from a thru-hike, which can inform land managers and trail organizations to better manage the trails and provide the desired experiences to thru-hikers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graduate students can be susceptible to exhaustion and burnout. The primary aim of this study was to determine the proportion of time occupational therapy doctoral (OTD) students spend engaged in work, daily living tasks, recreation, and rest. The Occupational Questionnaire was distributed to OTD students. OTD students spent most of their time (38–44%) engaged in work. The percentage of time spent engaged in work by OTD students is approximately double the time they spent in the areas of rest, daily living tasks, or recreation. This study was cross-sectional, data must be interpreted cautiously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most studies regarding medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) report total Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscale values as important patient-reported outcomes, but there are few symptom-specific characterizations of patients with MMPRT. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to characterize the prevalence and severity of symptoms and functional limitations among patients with MMPRT based on item-level KOOS responses. It was hypothesized that patients with MMPRT would show similar symptoms to those of other meniscal tear types, with items from the KOOS pain subscale forming a majority of the most severe and prevalent symptoms. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The records of 1466 patients with medial meniscus root tear between January 2017 and December 2021 at a single institution were reviewed. KOOS subscale scores and item-specific responses from initial evaluation were collected for each patient. Each KOOS item was scored on a scale from 1 (none/least severe) to 5 (extreme/most severe). Median and mean item-level responses were calculated and ranked in order of most to least severe. For statistical analysis, item-level prevalence rates were calculated as the proportion of patients reporting at least mild symptoms and ranked from most to least prevalent. Results: Included were 61 patients with MMPRT verified on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The most severe items according to item-level KOOS response were as follows: awareness of knee problem (mean, 4.62 [95% CI, 4.47-4.78]), difficulty jumping (mean, 4.06 [95% CI, 3.73-4.39]), difficulty twisting or pivoting (mean, 4.04 [95% CI, 3.76-4.32]), difficulty kneeling (mean, 3.98 [95% CI, 3.65-4.31]), and modification of lifestyle (mean, 3.94 [95% CI, 3.69-4.20]). The most prevalent items were knee stiffness later in the day, pain going up- or downstairs, difficulty ascending stairs, difficulty getting in and out of the car, difficulty twisting or pivoting, awareness of knee problem, and modification of lifestyle, with all patients reporting at least mild symptoms for each. Of the 11 most severe and prevalent symptoms, 8 came from the KOOS-Pain item-specific responses. Conclusion: Pain-related items made up a majority of the most severe and most prevalent symptoms as identified by the item-specific KOOS responses. However, meniscal symptoms commonly seen in other tear types, such as clicking and knee stiffness, were still quite prevalent in patients with MMPRT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active recreation spaces provide important contexts for physical activity that can contribute to positive physical and mental health outcomes. However, individuals often face constraints which can limit their participation in active recreation. Although some constraints can be negotiated at the individual level, organizations may also take actions to facilitate participation. Extensive research has examined individual constraints to active recreation and constraint negotiation strategies, but there is a lack of research on how recreation agencies and organizations work to facilitate participation in active recreation. Recognizing this gap, we sought to understand facilitators of physically active recreation at the contextual level, with a larger goal of identifying the organizational facilitators that recreation providers use to encourage participation. This qualitative study of recreation providers included semi-structured focus groups conducted online with staff and program leaders at recreation organizations providing physically active programming in a college town in the northeastern United States. Focus groups were transcribed verbatim, coded both deductively and inductively using thematic analysis, and validated with qualitative techniques (e.g., consensus across coders). Results aligned with four themes: philosophy/ culture, staff/volunteers, marketing, and program actions. These themes illustrate the actions taken by providers to encourage and support participation across various levels of their organizational operations. Our data provide evidence of specific facilitation strategies used by recreation providers, aligning with constraints and constraint negotiation strategies identi- fied in previous research, as well as with business practices not typically viewed through this lens. The present study highlights the need for better integration of individual- and organizational-level research. By better understanding constraints faced by current and potential participants, providers can be more intentional in aligning their practices with the facilitation of participation. Recreation providers can use the facilitation strategies identified in this study to support constraint negotiation and better enable engagement in active recreation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Racial intolerance and violence in the United States, and on college campuses specifically, has created a dire need for universities to bridge gaps between students of diverse backgrounds and beliefs. Campus recreation programs offer promising environments for students from diverse identities to engage with each other and learn about peers, while increasing their openness to diversity. Despite this potential, little is known about how students engage with diversity in recreation contexts. This phenomenological study uncovered the experiences of students attending diversity-focused outdoor adventure trips and examined the facets of this recreation environment that contributed to engagement with diverse peers. Campus recreation administrators can use these findings to consider parallel experiences throughout recreation programs that can bring students from diverse backgrounds together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to understand how community youth sports organizations in United States and Serbia provide information to coaches and support to children with disabilities to facilitate the inclusion of children with disabilities in recreation-level programs. The information from this survey will be critical in understanding hoow children with disabilities are accommodated in youth sports recreation programs and guide efforts to design resources for youth sports coaches. Results found that very little training was provided to coaches and that sports club directors were willing to make some accommodations for children with disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explored the instructional practices and strategies used by orientation and mobility (O&M) specialists in March and April 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Access and Engagement survey from the American Foundation for the Blind included open-ended responses from 318 O&M specialists. The authors used thematic analysis to examine the main themes regarding instructional practices consistent throughout the responses. This article focused on the themes of collaboration between families and professionals and the creative instructional strategies used for adaptive O&M lessons. Parents took on a more active role and professionals found creative ways to make instruction useful in most cases. There were fundamental changes to the content and structure of O&M lessons when they were moved from in-person to online instruction. Creative and collaborative practices were used to adapt for the absence of the travel environment. Virtual instruction in O&M will continue to be used in certain circumstances when in-person services are not possible, but we need to better explore how to ensure it is safe and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of pharmacy students toward marijuana use. Methods: Pharmacy students were asked to complete a survey that assess students' knowledge, attitudes, and awareness toward marijuana use. This study also compared students' awareness about the harmful effects of marijuana in comparing with alcohol and smoking tobacco. Participants were asked about the possibilities of marijuana-induced cancer and addiction. Results: Twenty-three percent of pharmacy students reported having used marijuana at some point in their lives. In comparison with tobacco and alcohol, most of the students agreed that tobacco (49%) and alcohol (42%) are more harmful than marijuana (P <.0001). More than sixty percent of students considered marijuana as an addictive substance (P <.02). A 45% of students opposed the possibility of marijuana-induced cancer. Thirty-six percent of the students agreed that marijuana should be legalized for both medical and recreational use with a similar percentage of the students (30 – 32%) believed that marijuana should be legalized for medical use only. Conclusion: With the prevalence of marijuana use and discrepancy among pharmacy students' responses regarding knowledge, attitudes, and awareness pharmacy schools need to adopt educational activities about the benefits and risks of marijuana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the United States, college students have been identified as a high-risk group for sexual violence (SV) victimization and perpetration, with one in three women and one in four men experiencing SV in their lifetimes. Therefore, studies investigating both perpetration and victimization across genders are pertinent. Additionally, in the context of higher education, athletics is often viewed as a high-risk environment for SV. Despite established relationships between SV and intercollegiate athletics, research on this topic is not conclusive due to the heterogeneous nature of college sports, as well as a dearth of research on recreational athletes. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the differences in SV victimization and perpetration among intercollegiate, recreational, and non-athlete populations. Additional context was provided by exploring variables at multiple levels of the socio-ecological model for violence prevention, as these factors can be important aspects of a person's development and may inform behavior. Utilizing a sample of 62,996 students from 199 institutions of higher education in the United States, multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess individual- (i.e., personal demographics), relationship- (i.e., athlete status), and community-level (i.e., institutional characteristics) predictors of SV victimization and perpetration. The results indicated that recreational athletes are the most at-risk group, experiencing and perpetrating SV at higher rates than non-athletes. Results on institutional status and individual characteristics, as well as implications for practitioners and future research is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest is growing in the association between repetitive concussions and mental health. However, studies on the relationship between concussion frequency and adverse mental health outcomes among female and male youth are lacking. To examine the association between self-reported concussion frequency and nonfatal suicidal behaviors among youth and to explore the possible interaction of biological sex. Retrospective cross-sectional survey. National Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. United States secondary school students (N = 28 442). Exposure variables were the frequency of self-reported sport- or recreation-related concussion in the previous 12 months (0, 1, ≥2). Outcome variables were feelings of self-reported sadness or hopelessness and suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts. Covariates were age, sex, race and ethnicity, bullying victimization, sexual orientation, and physical activity. Students who reported ≥2 concussions were at significantly greater odds of reporting suicidal attempts (adjusted odds ratio = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.43, 2.88) when compared with students reporting a single concussive event during the past 12 months. However, sex interactions revealed that this finding may have been driven by males; the strength of associations did not increase from single to multiple concussions among females. Our findings suggest that adolescents who reported concussion were at increased odds of reporting poor mental health and suicidal behaviors. Moreover, an increased number of concussive events may be associated with significantly greater odds of reporting suicidal attempts, particularly among males. Irrespective of sex, health care professionals should closely monitor mental health behaviors in adolescents with repetitive concussions, especially those that occur in close temporal proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the Every Kid in a Park program to understand recreation and the contextual interaction between family resources, race, and recreation costs in families with young children. Using a large, nationally representative data sample from the American Time Use Survey (N = 5,119), we analyzed changes over time in recreation patterns of different socioeconomic groups before and after the initiation of the Every Kid in a Park program of the United States National Park Service. We found that free admission corresponded with overall increased frequency of hiking with a child for individuals in affected households. Changes in hiking patterns were concentrated among higher-income families, whereas no changes in family recreation were associated with socioeconomically disadvantaged populations (based on income). The findings have important implications, considering that outdoor recreation links with positive youth development, higher family cohesion, and improved overall family well-being. Additionally, results support the effectiveness of programs targeting children to increase recreation among family members. Highlights: The study evaluated the frequency of hiking with children, a form of outdoor family recreation in the context of the Every Kid in a Park national recreation program in the United States. Past research established that family recreation correlated with positive social and psychological outcomes and relational building in families. This study found that program timing corresponded with increased frequency of hiking with a child for family members of eligible children. Data patterns also demonstrated strong responsiveness among higher-income families and no responsiveness among lower-income families, suggesting that the initiation of the program linked with income-based gaps in the recreation evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participation in recreation can produce health benefits for all college students and open pathways to inclusion for individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD). Despite the growing number of college students with IDD on over 260 college campuses across the United States, there is a dearth of literature exploring their inclusion within campus recreation. This study examined how organizational culture of campus recreation departments and inclusive postsecondary education (IPSE) programs support and inhibit inclusion of college students with IDD. A constructivist qualitative case study design, which was instrumental and collective, was used with two universities in the Eastern Time Zone and one university in the Central Time Zone of the United States. A document review and individual interviews with administrative and frontline staff were conducted with each campus recreation department. An iterative and comparative process of analysis was utilized and included the use of poetic analysis. The results of this study revealed a critical need to assess and examine the inclusion of these students within campus life at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Participation in martial arts has been increasing for several years, with millions of children and adolescents engaging in the sport annually. Yet, the most comprehensive examination of martial arts–related injuries was completed almost 2 decades ago. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of martial arts–related injuries presenting to US emergency departments (EDs) among pediatric patients. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: Data were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for patients aged 3 to 17 years who were treated in US EDs from 2004 through 2021. Results: A total of 5656 cases were included in the analysis. An estimated 176,947 children (95% CI, 128,172-225,722) were treated for martial arts–related injuries in US EDs. The rate of martial arts–related injuries per 10,000 children increased from 1.43 in 2004 to 2.07 in 2013 (slope = 0.07; P =.005) and then decreased to 1.44 in 2021 (slope = −0.10; P =.02). The mean injury rates were 2.22 per 10,000 children aged 12-17 years and 1.15 per 10,000 children aged 3-11 years. The most common injuries occurred in children aged 6 to 11 years (39.3%), were strains/sprains (28.4%), and were associated with falling (26.9%). The mechanism of injury differed by the style of martial arts. Compared with other activity types (formal class, horseplay, and unspecified), competition carried a 2.56 times greater risk of head/neck injuries and a 2.70 times greater risk of traumatic brain injuries. Conclusion: Martial arts are a significant source of injuries for children aged 3 to 17 years. To continue decreasing the injury rate, the creation and implementation of standardized risk-mitigation rules and regulations that could be applied to all martial arts styles are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As adults, we intuitively understand how others' goals influence their information-seeking preferences. For example, you might recommend a dense book full of mechanistic details to someone trying to learn about a topic in-depth, but a more lighthearted book filled with surprising stories to someone seeking entertainment. Moreover, you might do this with confidence despite knowing few details about either book. Even though we offer or receive such recommendations frequently as adults, we know little about how the ability to evaluate and recommend information sources to others develops. Two studies examined how children (6–9 years, Eastern U.S. residents, n = 311) and adults (U.S. residents, n = 180) select mechanistic and entertaining information sources for others depending on their goals. Participants recommended books containing mechanistic information to agents who wanted to learn and entertaining information to agents who wanted to have fun. In contrast to adults who strongly favored entertaining books, children recommended both kinds of books equally to a generally curious agent. These results suggest children can infer others' information-seeking preferences based on their goals and recommend appropriate information sources to satisfy those goals despite possessing little topical knowledge themselves. Public Significance Statement: The current findings demonstrate young children can reason about and recommend information sources to others despite often possessing little relevant knowledge themselves. These findings also highlight a potential decline in interest in causal mechanisms into adulthood, which is of potential importance to educators wishing to increase interest and curiosity toward science, technology, engineering, and mathematics topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Islam supports participation in regular physical activity for health. However, various contextual factors related to the school setting, and traditional physical education curriculum and instruction may hinder full student engagement. The article's purposes are to (a) provide an update on and implications of research conducted with US Muslim youth on school and out-of-school physical activity, and (b) provide practical suggestions for how physical educators can create an education setting that optimizes their Muslim students' engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research by Jill A. Turner on podcast listening habits. The study found that podcast audiences in the U.S. grew over the first three years of the pandemic, with many people adopting podcast listening as a recreational activity. The study revealed three main topics of interest for podcast listeners: distraction or entertainment while multitasking, education and information, and a variety of interesting topics and subjects.